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Journal articles on the topic 'Pollution – Zimbabwe'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Chinyama, A., R. Ncube, and W. Ela. "Critical pollution levels in Umguza River, Zimbabwe." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 93 (June 2016): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2016.03.008.

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2

MAPIRA, JEMITIAS. "AIR POLLUTION IN ZIMBABWE: AN ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH CHALLENGE." JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 9, no. 1 (2015): 1750–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v9i1.3765.

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Air pollution is a major environmental problem in industrialized countries such as: the USA, China, Japan and most European countries including: France, Germany, Italy and the UK. One of its major causes is modern technology which depends heavily on fossil fuels (coal and oil) and dates back to the Industrial Revolution, which started some two centuries ago. Although the level of industrialization is quite low in developing countries such as Zimbabwe, air pollution is now posing a threat to the nations environmental security. This paper examines the problem of air pollution in Zimbabwe with a view to suggesting possible solutions. While previous researches have given brief and rather superficial accounts on the problem, this paper seeks to provide an in-depth study on the issue for the benefit of researchers, stakeholders and policy makers. The paper examines issues such as: causes, sources, health impacts, and possible solutions within the legislative and policy framework of Zimbabwe.Based on information that was collected in August 2014, the paper shows that air pollution is a major environmental problem and should be addressed seriously at both local and national levels.

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3

Zhande, Ethel S. S., and S. B. Jonnalagadda. "Precipitation chemistry in Zimbabwe, Southern Africa." Journal of Environmental Science and Health . Part A: Environmental Science and Engineering and Toxicology 31, no. 5 (1996): 977–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10934529609376401.

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4

Mtetwa, Sibekile. "No room for complacency - water- pollution control in Zimbabwe." Waterlines 14, no. 1 (1995): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/0262-8104.1995.025.

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5

Regina, Ndebele-Murisa Mzime. "Biological monitoring and pollution assessment of the Mukuvisi River, Harare, Zimbabwe." Lakes & Reservoirs: Research & Management 17, no. 1 (2012): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1770.2012.00497.x.

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6

Muchini, Ronald, Webster Gumindoga, Sydney Togarepi, Tarirai Pinias Masarira, and Timothy Dube. "Near real time water quality monitoring of Chivero and Manyame lakes of Zimbabwe." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 378 (May 29, 2018): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-378-85-2018.

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Abstract. Zimbabwe's water resources are under pressure from both point and non-point sources of pollution hence the need for regular and synoptic assessment. In-situ and laboratory based methods of water quality monitoring are point based and do not provide a synoptic coverage of the lakes. This paper presents novel methods for retrieving water quality parameters in Chivero and Manyame lakes, Zimbabwe, from remotely sensed imagery. Remotely sensed derived water quality parameters are further validated using in-situ data. It also presents an application for automated retrieval of those parameters developed in VB6, as well as a web portal for disseminating the water quality information to relevant stakeholders. The web portal is developed, using Geoserver, open layers and HTML. Results show the spatial variation of water quality and an automated remote sensing and GIS system with a web front end to disseminate water quality information.

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7

Nyakuwanika, Moses, Huibrecht Margaretha van der Poll, and John Andrew van der Poll. "A Conceptual Framework for Greener Goldmining through Environmental Management Accounting Practices (EMAPs): The Case of Zimbabwe." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (2021): 10466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810466.

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Goldmining contributes substantially to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the Zimbabwean economy through revenue generated from exports, however it also incurred numerous challenges to the environment. Amongst others, these challenges embody ecological degradation; water and air pollution; and depletion of natural resources. In this paper, we establish the effects of mining operations on the environment through a comprehensive literature review, and how the integration of environmental management accounting practices (EMAPs) such as material flow cost accounting (MFCA), life cycle costing (LCC), and activity-based costing (ABC) could be integrated into a conceptual framework to address environmental challenges. EMAPs were chosen as they generate both physical and monetary data, which could promote transparency in material usage within the goldmining sector. Our analyses revealed a substantial body of literature on separate and individual EMAPs, yet very little was found on the integration of EMAPs. The main contribution of this work is the development of an integrated conceptual EMAPs framework on the strength of sets of qualitative propositions, aimed at promoting green goldmining for Zimbabwe as a developing economy. Future work would involve the validation of the framework among key stakeholders in the Zimbabwean goldmining industry.

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8

Masundire, Hillary M. "The filling phase of Mazvikadei Reservoir, Zimbabwe." Hydrobiologia 232, no. 1 (1992): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00014606.

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9

Spickett, J., B. Mkhweli, and K. Rumchev. "INDOOR AIR POLLUTION AND ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS IN WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN ZIMBABWE." Epidemiology 14, Supplement (2003): S117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001648-200309001-00284.

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10

Dube, T., M. Chibanda, B. Manhire, et al. "Sewage Effluent Causes Metal Pollution of a Sub-tropical River System in Zimbabwe." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 104, no. 3 (2020): 339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-020-02798-w.

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11

Mudzengi, Boycen Kumira. "The spatial distribution of soil lead pollution in the Middle Mukuvisi Catchment, Harare, Zimbabwe." Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences 5, no. 9 (2018): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.050905.

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This research determined the spatial variation in soil lead pollution in the Middle Mukuvisi Catchment in Harare. Lead is one of the commonest urban pollutants and it induces negative effects on biophysical resources and humans. Part of the study area has been target of landfill programmes dating back to the 1950s. It is also subjected to industrial discharges from the Graniteside and Masasa Industrial Areas. The study catchment was stratified into two strata namely: Strata A (8 x 105 m2) and Strata B (10 x 105 m2) upstream and downstream with respect of the centre of the landfilled area respectively. These strata were digitized in Arc View Geographic Information System (GIS). Stratification enabled the testing of differences in soil lead pollution levels in the two study strata. Thirty soil samples were then collected from random points in the study area for laboratory chemical analysis. Fifteen points were randomly selected for each stratum. The results showed that soil lead concentration varies spatially in the study catchment. In comparison the strata upstream has lower average soil lead concentration than strata downstream with respect to the centre of the landfilled area. However, the difference in soil lead concentration between the two strata is not significant (p > 0.05). This can be explained by introduction of lead into the study catchment by other sources of pollution upstream such as Masasa Industrial Area. The other sources of lead into the study strata besides landfill leachate can be leakages from fuel stations and leaded fuel spillages from vehicles. It is anticipated further research in this area will contribute to the sustainable utilization of urban river catchments, especially where they are used for dumping wastes.

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12

Sithole, S. D., N. Moyo, and M. Macheka. "An Assessment of Lead Pollution from Vehicle Emissions Along Selected Roadways in Harare (Zimbabwe)." International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 53, no. 1 (1993): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03067319308045978.

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13

Elenbaas, P. F. M., and C. Grundel. "Zooplankton composition and abundance in two impoundments in Zimbabwe." Hydrobiologia 272, no. 1-3 (1994): 265–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00006527.

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14

Taylor, Russell D., and Rowan B. Martin. "Effects of veterinary fences on Wildlife conservation in Zimbabwe." Environmental Management 11, no. 3 (1987): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01867160.

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15

Brocklehurst, Clarissa, Murtaza Malik, Kiwe Sebunya, and Peter Salama. "Engineering in the time of cholera: overcoming institutional and political challenges to rebuild Zimbabwe's water and sanitation infrastructure in the aftermath of the 2008 cholera epidemic." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 3, no. 2 (2013): 222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2013.143.

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A devastating cholera epidemic swept Zimbabwe in 2008, causing over 90,000 cases, and leaving more than 4,000 dead. The epidemic raged predominantly in urban areas, and the cause could be traced to the slow deterioration of Zimbabwe's water and sewerage utilities during the economic and political crisis that had gripped the country since the late 1990s. Rapid improvement was needed if the country was to avoid another cholera outbreak. In this context, donors, development agencies and government departments joined forces to work in a unique partnership, and to implement a programme of swift improvements that went beyond emergency humanitarian aid but did not require the time or massive investment associated with full-scale urban rehabilitation. The interventions ranged from supply of water treatment chemicals and sewer rods to advocacy and policy advice. The authors analyse the factors that made the programme effective and the challenges that partners faced. The case of Zimbabwe offers valuable lessons for other countries transitioning from emergency to development, and particularly those that need to take rapid action to upgrade failing urban systems. It illustrates that there is a ‘middle path’ between short-term humanitarian aid delivered in urban areas and large-scale urban rehabilitation, which can provide timely and highly effective results.

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16

Masocha, Mhosisi, Timothy Dube, and Richard Owen. "Using an expert-based model to develop a groundwater pollution vulnerability assessment framework for Zimbabwe." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 115 (February 2020): 102826. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2019.102826.

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17

Berg, H�kan, Martina Kiibus, and Nils Kautsky. "Heavy metals in tropical Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe." Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 83, no. 3-4 (1995): 237–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00477355.

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18

Twomlow, S. J. "Field moisture characteristics of two fersiallitic soils in Zimbabwe." Soil Use and Management 10, no. 4 (1994): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.1994.tb00481.x.

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19

Cooper, G. R. C. "Oxidation and toxicity of chromium in ultramafic soils in Zimbabwe." Applied Geochemistry 17, no. 8 (2002): 981–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0883-2927(02)00014-8.

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20

Dou�llou, L., and K. H. Erlwanger. "Crustacean parasites of fishes in Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe, preliminary results." Hydrobiologia 287, no. 3 (1994): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00006372.

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21

Podmore, Francis. "Zimbabwe – The Place for Astronomy at the next Total Solar Eclipse." Transactions of the International Astronomical Union 24, no. 3 (2001): 364–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0251107x00001164.

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With clear skies most of the year, low levels of light and industrial pollution and location (we can see 96% of the celestial sphere) Zimbabwe is an excellent place for astronomy. For nearly 100 years a small but dedicated and talented band of amateur astronomers have been making hundreds of observations of occultations and variable stars, and contibuted 10% of the global total of reports to the International Halley Watch. The Astronomical Society of Southern Africa (Harare Centre) is 25 years old and the largest telescopes (mostly ‘home-made’) in the country are owned by members. Active preparations for the next two solar eclipses include site selection, coordination or safaris and free distribution of information packs and over 100 000 eclipse viewers to all schools. If the economy doesn’t collapse, good government and respect for law and order return, the planes keep flying and fuel shortages end, we look forward to welcoming hundreds of eclipse watchers to a dramatic 3 minute spectacle on 21 June 2001.

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22

Mishra, Vinod. "Indoor air pollution from biomass combustion and acute respiratory illness in preschool age children in Zimbabwe." International Journal of Epidemiology 32, no. 5 (2003): 847–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyg240.

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23

Madanire-Moyo, G., and M. Barson. "Diversity of metazoan parasites of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) as indicators of pollution in a subtropical African river system." Journal of Helminthology 84, no. 2 (2009): 216–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x09990563.

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AbstractThe relationship between parasite species diversity and organic pollution in the upper Manyame catchment, Zimbabwe, was investigated between October 2006 and January 2007. The parasite assemblage comprised 13 species in total. Species richness in the unpolluted sites was high; in the moderately polluted sites, it was low, while in the polluted sites, only one parasite species was encountered. Component community diversity, as measured by the Shannon index (H′), decreased with increase in organic pollution. The distribution and occurrence of ectoparasites (Dolops ranarum, Lamproglena clariae, Chonopeltis sp. and Macrogyrodactylus sp.) and one endoparasite (Lytocestus sp.) were limited to the unpolluted sites, demonstrating their sensitivity to organic pollution. The prevalence of the nematodes Paracamallanus cyathopharynx, Procamallanus laevionchus and Contracaecum spp. larvae decreased along the pollution gradient, showing their high sensitivity to organic pollution. The platyhelminths Diplostomum sp. and Polyonchobothrium clarias were the most tolerant and occurred at both polluted and unpolluted sites. Proteocephalus sp. and Caryophyllaeus sp. were limited to the polluted sites, probably as a result of high abundance of oligochaetes and copepods, their intermediate hosts that thrive in sewage-enriched sediments, at the downstream sites. The observed results assume that the decrease in parasite diversity can be related to increased organic pollution. Some parasites requiring complex life histories were absent along with pollution-related disappearance of their vector hosts. Further studies should address the identification of parasite life stages that are more sensitive to pollutants.

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24

Mathuthu, A. S., M. F. Zaranyika, S. Tafirenyika, and B. Chibanda. "Impact assessment of sewage effluent discharges on the quality of the receiving lower Mukuvisi river waters in Harare, Zimbabwe." Journal of Environmental Science and Health . Part A: Environmental Science and Engineering and Toxicology 30, no. 2 (1995): 281–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10934529509376200.

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25

Maenhaut, W., M. T. Fernández-Jiménez, I. Rajta, et al. "Long-term aerosol composition measurements and source apportionment at Rukomechi, Zimbabwe." Journal of Aerosol Science 31 (September 2000): 228–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-8502(00)90237-4.

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26

Masundire, Hillary M. "Population dynamics of Bosmina longirostris (Crustacea: Cladocera) in Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe." Hydrobiologia 243-244, no. 1 (1992): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00007032.

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27

Nhapi, I., M. A. Siebel, and H. J. Gijzen. "A proposal for managing wastewater in Harare, Zimbabwe." Water and Environment Journal 20, no. 2 (2006): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.2006.00018.x.

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28

Mbohwa, C., and B. Zvigumbu. "Feasibility Study for Waste Incinerator Plant for the Production of Electricity in Harare,Zimbabwe." Advanced Materials Research 18-19 (June 2007): 509–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.18-19.509.

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Estimates of weight of general refuse generated in this country’s major cities vary, but in Harare it is estimated at above 823 000 tonnes, which is mostly land-filled. This paper proposes the incineration of combustible municipal waste to produce 40 MW of electricity and considers its feasibility. This can give a waste reduction to as low as one tenth of the initial volume and is quite effective in killing pathogens. The work involved use of questionnaires, interviews and access to primary data at the Harare City Council. The positive and negative environmental and health impacts, particularly relating to dioxins are discussed and solutions to pollution proposed.

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29

Ndunguru, Michael Gregory, and Zvikomborero Hoko. "Assessment of water loss in Harare, Zimbabwe." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 6, no. 4 (2016): 519–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2016.157.

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A major challenge facing water utilities is the high level of water losses, which affects the financial viability and adequacy of water in the system. A study was carried out from January to May 2012 to characterize water losses in selected areas of Harare, Zimbabwe. Assessment of the contribution of water leakage to total water loss was carried out through water audits in four selected suburbs. Minimum night flows were determined over a number of days, and the SANFLOW model was used to determine average real losses. The water loss expressed as a percentage of supply in the four suburbs ranged from 29 to 43%, and was above the level expected for well-performing utilities in developing countries of 23%. Leakage contributed most to the water loss (>70%). For the entire city, the study established that non-revenue water ranged from 43 to 74% over the period 2009–2011. The study concludes that water loss management in Harare is poor, and this is affecting the quality of service delivery. There is a need for Harare to take a more proactive approach to water loss management, including periodic water audits.

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30

Chikuni, O., C. F. B. Nhachi, N. Z. Nyazema, A. Polder, I. Nafstad, and J. U. Skaare. "Assessment of environmental pollution by PCBs, DDT and its metabolites using human milk of mothers in Zimbabwe." Science of The Total Environment 199, no. 1-2 (1997): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0048-9697(97)05494-6.

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31

Shati, Nelson, Ignatio Madanhire, and Emmanuel Mashonjowa. "Selection Criteria for a Tobacco Curing Solar Thermal Collector Energy System in Zimbabwe." South Florida Journal of Development 2, no. 3 (2021): 3998–4013. http://dx.doi.org/10.46932/sfjdv2n3-016.

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The main objective of the current paper is to select an appropriate tobacco curing solar thermal collector. Tobacco is the second largest foreign currency earner after gold in Zimbabwe. The crop’s post-harvest activities have adverse effects through application of fossil fuels especially firewood. Firewood and coal burning have negative consequences of increasing the greenhouse effects, air pollution, high levels of deforestation causing subsequent land degradation and soil nutrients depletion. Small-scale tobacco farmers are economically disempowered and resort to use firewood as the main tobacco curing fuel source. In embracing modern trends of going green, introducing solar thermal technology in Zimbabwe becomes a prerequisite. In a survey conducted among small-scale tobacco farmers in July 2020, majority of them unanimously accepted a paradigm shift towards sustainability through adopting tobacco curing solar technologies. The system should be robust, reliable, durable, affordable and sustainable for farmers to have usage confidence and guaranteeing uninterrupted performance as tobacco is temperature and humidity sensitive. The main energy generation component is the solar thermal collector with solar photovoltaic supplying the system’s electricity needs. The paper develops solar technology selection criteria through literature review. Selection made upon reviewing all the factors is the solar thermal air flat-plate collector.

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32

Nhapi, Innocent. "The water situation in Harare, Zimbabwe: a policy and management problem." Water Policy 11, no. 2 (2009): 221–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2009.018.

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Harare, the capital city of Zimbabwe, is facing water quantity and quality problems, with serious pollution of the downstream Lake Chivero. Often, these problems are attributed to rapid population growth, inadequate maintenance of wastewater treatment plants, expensive technologies and a poor institutional framework. Rampant urban agriculture could also result in washing off and leaching of nutrients. This paper brings out a number of issues related to sustainable water management in Harare. The study was based on key informant interviews, focus group discussions and a literature review. The results show that monitoring and enforcement of regulations in Harare is poor because of economic hardships and lack of political will to deal with offenders. Also, there is irregular collection of garbage, low fines owing to hyper-inflation and a general failure by the city to collect water and other charges from residents. The city has also failed to raise tariffs to economic levels owing to heavy lobbying by residents and interference by government. It was concluded that Harare cannot overcome its water-related problems under the current set-up. It is recommended that a corporatised body, free from political influence and with a higher degree of autonomy, be established to run the water services for Harare and the neighbouring towns. Such a body would need a sound and flexible system for setting tariffs and enacting/enforcing reasonable regulations.

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33

Mugandani, Raymond, and Paramu Mafongoya. "Behaviour of smallholder farmers towards adoption of conservation agriculture in Zimbabwe." Soil Use and Management 35, no. 4 (2019): 561–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sum.12528.

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34

Jonnalagadda, S. B., J. Makadho, N. Matinde, R. P. Karimanzira, and A. Makarau. "Chemical composition of rainwater and air quality in Zimbabwe, Africa." Science of The Total Environment 144, no. 1-3 (1994): 261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(94)90445-6.

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35

Johnstone, D. R., J. F. Cooper, and H. M. Dobson. "The availability and fall-out of an insecticidal aerosol dispersed from aircraft during operations for control of tsetse fly in Zimbabwe." Atmospheric Environment (1967) 21, no. 11 (1987): 2311–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(87)90366-0.

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36

Makwerere, David, Gillian Tafadzwa Chinzete, and Charles Massimo. "Accessing good quality water in hazardous mining environments: coping mechanisms for young women in selected districts of Mashonaland central, Zimbabwe." Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 24, no. 2 (2018): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v24i2.8.

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The study focused on how environmental degradation due to unregulated illegal mining activities is affecting the welfare of communities in general and women in particular with regards to access good quality water. The methodological design was a qualitative approach and focused on the two districts of Shamva and Bindura in Mashonaland Central Province, Zimbabwe. The study noted that the area of environmental policing has remained weak and compromised owing to a combination of factors, key among them being the difficult socio-economic environment which has often seen a lot of communities destroying the environment around them, political populism leading to the destruction of local ecologies and general disregard of responsibilities by companies operating mining, construction, and other enterprises.This has seen the gradual destruction and pollution of fresh water bodies across the communities.The study revealed that there is a considerable level of pollution on some water bodies in the two districts. The pollution is largely caused by the use of mercury and cyanide by the illegal gold panners and artisanal miners in the area. This has restricted opportunities for women’s access to safe domestic water. Women are using strategies such as outsourcing from neighboring communities with relatively safe water for domestic use, differentiating water for cooking and drinking and for other activities like bathing and laundry, water harvesting during rain seasons and buying from shops in extreme circumstances. In conclusion, the coping mechanisms only offer temporary relief and are not be sustainable in the long run.Keywords: Hazards, Coping Mechanisms, Mining, Environment, Legislation, Kyoto Protocol, Human Right

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37

Mamuse, Antony, and Ron Watkins. "High fluoride drinking water in Gokwe, northwest Zimbabwe." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 6, no. 1 (2016): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2016.188.

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More than 200 million people worldwide are exposed to excessive fluoride in drinking water. According to the World Health Organization, the optimal concentration range of fluoride in drinking water is 0.5 to 1.5 mg/L. Above this range, populations may contract dental fluorosis or, in severe cases, crippling skeletal fluorosis. In the Gokwe area in NW Zimbabwe, where drinking water contains up to 11 mg/L fluoride, fluorosis prevalence has previously been estimated at 62%. This paper investigates the water quality of 126 water sources in Gokwe (58 pumped boreholes, 15 flowing artesian boreholes, 46 wells and 7 streams). The water chemistry, determined from high performance ion chromatography and field measurements, showed that the water source types exhibit significantly different (P < 0.05) concentrations of F−, Cl−, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, temperatures, pH and conductivity values. Thirty-five (28%) of the 126 water sources (18 pumped boreholes, 15 artesian boreholes, one well and one stream) contained F− > 1.5 mg/L, indicating that fluoride contamination in the area is a characteristic of deeper groundwater, possibly due to its interactions with the potentially fluoridic coaly and carbonaceous materials of the Lower Karoo Aquifer at depth. The plausibility of providing alternative low fluoride water, and defluoridation, should be investigated.

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38

Mafuwe, Kudzai. "Freshwater Biodiversity of the Eastern Highlands of Zimbabwe: Assessing Conservation Priorities Using Primary Species-Occurrence Data." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (May 22, 2018): e25960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25960.

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The Eastern Highlands of Zimbabwe is a biodiversity hotspot that forms part of the Eastern Afromontane region, which has seen an increase in human activities such as agriculture, illegal mining, and introduction of invasive species. These anthropogenic activities have had negative environmental consequences including land degradation and water pollution, which have negatively impacted on the quality of aquatic habitats and biodiversity in the region. The region harbours several freshwater species of conservation interest whose numbers and distribution are little known. We also do not know the impacts of the ongoing human activities and threats on the local wetland biodiversity and the integrity of the ecosystem in the region. The relevant data on the wetland biodiversity from previous studies and surveys is also not readiliy available to guide poliies and conservation efforts in this region. With the aid of the Biodiversity Information for Development (BID) program sponsored by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and the European Union (EU), a project titled 'Freshwater Biodiversity of the Eastern Highlands of Zimbabwe: Assessing Conservation Priorities Using Primary Species-Occurrence Data' has mobilized and digitized over 2,000 occurrence records on freshwater biodiversity, with a focus on fish, invertebrates, amphibians and bird species in the region, since October 2017. The project also makes use of biodiversity informatics tools such as ecological niche modelling, to identify the important sites for conservation of the freshwater biodiversity in this region. The outputs will help to show policy makers, wildlife managers, researchers and conservationists where to target resources and conservation efforts. This will also help protect the biodiversity that still existsin the unprotected wetlands of the Eastern Highlands of Zimbabwe and that could be lost to human activities such as clearing for agriculture.

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39

Zaranyika, Mark F., and Timothy Ndapwadza. "Uptake of Ni, Zn, Fe, Co, Cr, Pb, Cu and Cd by water hyacinth (eichhornia crassipes) in mukuvisi and manyame rivers, Zimbabwe." Journal of Environmental Science and Health . Part A: Environmental Science and Engineering and Toxicology 30, no. 1 (1995): 157–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10934529509376193.

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40

Zaranyika, M. F., T. T. Mukono, N. Jayatissa, and M. T. Dube. "Effect of seepage from a gold mine slime dam on thetrace heavy metal levels of a nearby receiving streamand dam in zimbabwe." Journal of Environmental Science and Health . Part A: Environmental Science and Engineering and Toxicology 32, no. 8 (1997): 2155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10934529709376674.

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41

Magadza, C. H. D. "Evaluation of eutrophication control in Lake Chivero, Zimbabwe, by multivariate analysis of zooplankton." Hydrobiologia 272, no. 1-3 (1994): 277–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00006528.

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Zengeya, Tsungai Alfred, and Brian E. Marshall. "Trophic interrelationships amongst cichlid fishes in a tropical African reservoir (Lake Chivero, Zimbabwe)." Hydrobiologia 592, no. 1 (2007): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-007-0790-7.

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Ridgway, J., and P. N. Dunkley. "Temporal variations in the trace element content of stream sediments: examples from Zimbabwe." Applied Geochemistry 3, no. 6 (1988): 609–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(88)90093-5.

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Coulson, Ian M. "Research Opportunities at Sengwa Wildlife Research Institute, Zimbabwe." Environmental Conservation 21, no. 1 (1994): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689290002422x.

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Zaranyika, M. F., L. Mudungwe, and R. C. Gurira. "Cyanide ion concentration in the effluent from two gold mines in Zimbabwe and in a stream receiving effluent from one of the goldmines." Journal of Environmental Science and Health . Part A: Environmental Science and Engineering and Toxicology 29, no. 7 (1994): 1295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10934529409376110.

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Zaranyika, Mark F., and Remembrance Goredema. "Cohcentration of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Mn in bream,Oreochromis macruchir, during the 1996 mass fish deaths in lake chivero, Zimbabwe." Journal of Environmental Science and Health . Part A: Environmental Science and Engineering and Toxicology 32, no. 7 (1997): 1895–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10934529709376653.

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Hulot, Florence D., Antonin Prijac, Jean-Pierre Lefebvre, Stembile Msiteli-Shumba, and Shakkie Kativu. "A first assessment of megaherbivore subsidies in artificial waterholes in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe." Hydrobiologia 837, no. 1 (2019): 161–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-019-3968-x.

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Meck, M. L., J. Atlhopheng, W. R. L. Masamba, and S. Ringrose. "Pollution implications of Save River water from weathering and dissolution of metal hosting minerals at Dorowa phosphate mine, Zimbabwe." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 35, no. 13-14 (2010): 679–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2010.08.003.

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Nyamapfene, K. W., and E. G. Mtetwa. "Biological denitrification of a highly nitrogenous industrial effluent: A case study in Zimbabwe." Environmental Pollution 44, no. 2 (1987): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(87)90022-4.

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Sanyanga, R. A., C. Machena, and N. Kautsky. "Abundance and distribution of inshore fish in fished and protected areas in Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe." Hydrobiologia 306, no. 1 (1995): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00007859.

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