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Journal articles on the topic 'Poly-α-amino acids'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 24 April 2022

Last updated: 30 July 2025

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1

Kino, Kuniki, Toshinobu Arai та Yasuhiro Arimura. "Poly-α-Glutamic Acid Synthesis Using a Novel Catalytic Activity of RimK fromEscherichia coliK-12". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, № 6 (2011): 2019–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02043-10.

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ABSTRACTPoly-l-α-amino acids have various applications because of their biodegradable properties and biocompatibility. Microorganisms contain several enzymes that catalyze the polymerization ofl-amino acids in an ATP-dependent manner, but the products from these reactions contain amide linkages at the side residues of amino acids: e.g., poly-γ-glutamic acid, poly-ε-lysine, and cyanophycin. In this study, we found a novel catalytic activity of RimK, a ribosomal protein S6-modifying enzyme derived fromEscherichia coliK-12. This enzyme catalyzed poly-α-glutamic acid synthesis from unprotectedl-gl

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2

Cohen-Arazi, Naomi, Abraham J. Domb та Joshua Katzhendler. "Poly(α -hydroxy alkanoic acid)s Derived From α -Amino Acids". Macromolecular Bioscience 13, № 12 (2013): 1689–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mabi.201300266.

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3

Sedlačík, Tomáš, Vladimír Proks, Miroslav Šlouf, Miroslava Dušková-Smrčková, Hana Studenovská та František Rypáček. "Macroporous Biodegradable Cryogels of Synthetic Poly(α-amino acids)". Biomacromolecules 16, № 11 (2015): 3455–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01224.

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4

Sedlačík, T., O. K. Acar, H. Studenovská та ін. "Chondrogenic potential of macroporous biodegradable cryogels based on synthetic poly(α-amino acids)". Soft Matter 14, № 2 (2018): 228–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7sm02074k.

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5

Masař, Bohumil, Pavel Schmidt, Hana Pivcová та Pavel Čefelín. "α-Aminoacyl derivatives of α,ω-diaminopoly(oxyethylene)". Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 52, № 8 (1987): 1922–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19871922.

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By reacting p-nitrophenyl esters of L-α-amino acids with α-(3-aminopropyl)-ω-(aminomethyl)-poly(oxyethylene), diamides having the structure [X-NHCH(R)CONH]2Mx' were prepared, X being the protective group Boc or Z, R being residues of glutamic and aspartic acid, phenylalanine and tyrosine, and Mx' being the poly(oxyethylene) chain with the (-CH2)3- and -CH2- endgroups. The diamides were characterized by IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy and thin-layer chromatography. After complete removal of tert-butyloxycarbonyl groups from diamides (X = Boc), deprotected α-aminoacyl derivatives were characterized a

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6

Guo, Yifei, Yiping Shen, Bo Yu, et al. "Hydrophilic Poly(glutamic acid)-Based Nanodrug Delivery System: Structural Influence and Antitumor Efficacy." Polymers 14, no. 11 (2022): 2242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14112242.

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Poly(amino acids) have advanced characteristics, including unique secondary structure, enzyme degradability, good biocompatibility, and stimuli responsibility, and are suitable as drug delivery nanocarriers for tumor therapy. The isoform structure of poly(amino acids) plays an important role in their antitumor efficacy and should be researched in detail. In this study, two kinds of pH-sensitive isoforms, including α-poly(glutamic acid) (α-PGA) and γ-PGA, were selected and used as nanocarriers to prepare a nanodrug delivery system. According to the preparation results, α-PGA can be used as an i

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7

Votavová, Hana, Ferenc Hudecz, Judit Kajtár, Jaroslav Šponar, Karel Bláha, and Mária Szekerke. "Conformation of branched polypeptides based on poly(L-lysine): The effect of terminal amino acids in the branches." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 50, no. 1 (1985): 228–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19850228.

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CD Spectra of branched polypeptides based on poly(L-lysine) and containing three DL-alanine residues and one to three other L- or D-amino acid residues in the branches were measured in water, water-methanol and water-trifluoroethanol mixtures. In aqueous solutions dependence of the CD spectra on pH and ionic strength was studied. The effect of branch elongation was followed mainly with compounds containing glutamic acid. One terminal D-amino acid residue and also an extension by two L- or D-amino acid residues does not hinder the α-helix formation in the backbone but affects the conditions of

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8

Tolmachev, Dmitry, Natalia Lukasheva, George Mamistvalov, and Mikko Karttunen. "Influence of Calcium Binding on Conformations and Motions of Anionic Polyamino Acids. Effect of Side Chain Length." Polymers 12, no. 6 (2020): 1279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12061279.

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Investigation of the effect of CaCl2 salt on conformations of two anionic poly(amino acids) with different side chain lengths, poly-(α-l glutamic acid) (PGA) and poly-(α-l aspartic acid) (PASA), was performed by atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The simulations were performed using both unbiased MD and the Hamiltonian replica exchange (HRE) method. The results show that at low CaCl2 concentration adsorption of Ca2+ ions lead to a significant chain size reduction for both PGA and PASA. With the increase in concentration, the chains sizes partially recover due to electrostatic repul

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9

Zavradashvili, Nino, Jordi Puiggali та Ramaz Katsarava. "Artificial Polymers made of α-amino Acids - Poly(Amino Acid)s, Pseudo-Poly(Amino Acid)s, Poly(Depsipeptide)s, and Pseudo-Proteins". Current Pharmaceutical Design 26, № 5 (2020): 566–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612826666200203122110.

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Degradable polymers (DPs) - “green materials” of the future, have an innumerable use in biomedicine, particularly in the fields of tissue engineering and drug delivery. Among these kind of materials naturally occurring polymers - proteins which constituted one of the most important “bricks of life” - α-amino acids (AAs) are highly suitable. A wide biomedical applicability of proteins is due to special properties such as a high affinity with tissues and releasing AAs upon biodegradation that means a nutritive potential for cells. Along with these positive characteristics proteins as biomedical

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10

Ebert, G., та H. Lukasch. "Trifluoromethanesulphonic acid as an α-helix promoting agent for basic poly(α-amino acids)". International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 8, № 3 (1986): 142–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-8130(86)90015-2.

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11

Spange, Stefan, Christine Schmidt та Hans Rytger Kricheldorf. "Probing the Surface Polarity of Poly(α-amino acids) and α-Amino Acid Crystals with Genuine Solvatochromic Dyes". Langmuir 17, № 3 (2001): 856–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la000997j.

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12

Eom, Kuen Hee, Seokhyeon Baek та Il Kim. "N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Random Copolymerization of N-Carboxyanhydrides of α-Amino Acids". Polymers 13, № 21 (2021): 3674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13213674.

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Synthetic polypeptides prepared from N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs) of α-amino acids are useful for elucidating the relationship between the primary structure of natural peptides and their immunogenicity. In this study, complex copolypeptide sequences were prepared using a recently developed technique; specifically, the random copolymerization of l-alanine NCA with NCAs of l-glutamic acid 5-benzylester (Bn-Glu NCA), S-benzyl-cysteine (Bn-Cys NCA), O-benzyl-l-serine (Bn-Ser NCA), and l-phenylalanine (Phe NCA) was performed using N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysts. The NHC-initiated Ala NCA/Bn-G

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13

Focher, B., C. Carraro, A. Cosani та M. Terbojevich. "Sulphopropylated hemicelluloses: interactions with acridine orange, poly (α-amino acids) and proteins". International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 8, № 3 (1986): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-8130(86)90019-x.

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14

Dzhuzha, Apollinariia Yu, Irina I. Tarasenko, Leonard Ionut Atanase, Antonina Lavrentieva, and Evgenia G. Korzhikova-Vlakh. "Amphiphilic Polypeptides Obtained by the Post-Polymerization Modification of Poly(Glutamic Acid) and Their Evaluation as Delivery Systems for Hydrophobic Drugs." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 2 (2023): 1049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021049.

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Synthetic poly(amino acids) are a unique class of macromolecules imitating natural polypeptides and are widely considered as carriers for drug and gene delivery. In this work, we synthesized, characterized and studied the properties of amphiphilic copolymers obtained by the post-polymerization modification of poly(α,L-glutamic acid) with various hydrophobic and basic L-amino acids and D-glucosamine. The resulting glycopolypeptides were capable of forming nanoparticles that exhibited reduced macrophage uptake and were non-toxic to human lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). Moreover, the developed n

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15

Puiggalí, Jordi, та Juan A. Subirana. "Synthetic polymers containing α-amino acids: from polyamides to poly(ester amide)s". Journal of Peptide Science 11, № 5 (2005): 247–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/psc.642.

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16

Fasman, Gerald D. "The road from poly(α-amino acids) to the prediction of protein conformation". Biopolymers 26, S0 (1987): S59—S79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360260009.

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17

Katchalski-Katzir, E. "Synthesis, structure and function of poly-α-amino acids — the simplest of protein models". Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences CMLS 53, № 10 (1997): 780–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000180050099.

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18

Higashi, Nobuyuki, Maki Saitou, Taku Mihara та Masazo Niwa. "Enantioselective binding of α-amino acids at poly(L-glutamic acid)-functionalized monolayer surfaces". J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., № 20 (1995): 2119–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c39950002119.

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19

Bosshart, Herbert, and Michael Heinzelmann. "Arginine-Rich Cationic Polypeptides Amplify Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Monocyte Activation." Infection and Immunity 70, no. 12 (2002): 6904–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.70.12.6904-6910.2002.

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ABSTRACT The human neutrophil-derived cationic protein CAP37, also known as azurocidin or heparin-binding protein, enhances the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in isolated human monocytes. We measured the release of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) in human whole blood and found that in addition to CAP37, other arginine-rich cationic polypeptides, such as the small structurally related protamines, enhance LPS-induced monocyte activation. As CAP37 and protamines share high levels of arginine content, we tested different synthetic

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20

Karimi, Pooneh, Amin S. Rizkalla та Kibret Mequanint. "Versatile Biodegradable Poly(ester amide)s Derived from α-Amino Acids for Vascular Tissue Engineering". Materials 3, № 4 (2010): 2346–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma3042346.

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21

Katchalski-Katzir, Ephraim. "Poly-α -amino acids as the simplest protein models: Recollections of a retired state president". Protein Science 2, № 3 (1993): 476–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pro.5560020321.

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22

Fonseca, Ana C., Jorge F. J. Coelho, Joana F. A. Valente та ін. "Poly(ester amide)s based on (L)-lactic acid oligomers and α-amino acids: influence of the α-amino acid side chain in the poly(ester amide)s properties". Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition 24, № 12 (2013): 1391–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09205063.2012.762293.

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23

Barany, George, and Paul R. Hansen. "Reflections on a Copenhagen–Minneapolis Axis in Bioorganic Chemistry." Molecules 29, no. 6 (2024): 1317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29061317.

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The international peptide community rejoiced when one of its most distinguished members, Morten Meldal of Denmark, shared the 2022 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. In fact, the regiospecific solid-phase “copper(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of terminal alkynes to azides” (CuACC) reaction—that formed the specific basis for Meldal’s recognition—was reported first at the 17th American Peptide Symposium held in San Diego in June 2001. The present perspective outlines intertwining conceptual and experimental threads pursued concurrently in Copenhagen and Minneapolis, sometimes by the same individ

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24

Yang, Guokun, Jianing Gu, Hao Wang, et al. "Identification, Expression, Characteristic Analysis, and Immune Function of Two Akirin Genes in Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)." Animals 14, no. 16 (2024): 2443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14162443.

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Intensive aquaculture of grass carp often leads to decreased immunity and increased disease prevalence, resulting in economic losses. Improving grass carp immunity is therefore a critical strategy for addressing these challenges. Akirin reportedly participates in myogenesis, growth, and immune responses. However, its role in grass carp remains unclear. Herein, we isolated akirins from the spleen of grass carp and analyzed their tissue-specific expression. Akirin expression was detected following treatment with poly (I:C), LPS, and Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila). The immunological functio

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25

Mallakpour, Shadpour, та Mohammad R. Sabzalian. "In vitro degradation assessment of optically active poly(urethane-imide)s based on α-amino acids". Polymer Bulletin 70, № 12 (2013): 3425–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00289-013-1031-z.

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26

Itsuno, S., M. Sakakura та K. Ito. "Polymer-supported poly(amino acids) as a new asymmetric epoxidation catalyst of α,β-unsaturated ketones". Reactive Polymers 15 (листопад 1991): 225–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0923-1137(91)90176-o.

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27

HIGASHI, N., M. SAITOU, T. MIHARA та M. NIWA. "ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Binding of α-Amino Acids at Poly(L-glutamic acid)-Functionalized Monolayer Surfaces." ChemInform 27, № 9 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199609232.

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28

Levit, Mariia, Natalia Zashikhina, Alena Vdovchenko, et al. "Bio-Inspired Amphiphilic Block-Copolymers Based on Synthetic Glycopolymer and Poly(Amino Acid) as Potential Drug Delivery Systems." Polymers 12, no. 1 (2020): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12010183.

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In this work, a method to prepare hybrid amphiphilic block copolymers consisting of biocompatible synthetic glycopolymer with non-degradable backbone and biodegradable poly(amino acid) (PAA) was developed. The glycopolymer, poly(2-deoxy-2-methacrylamido-D-glucose) (PMAG), was synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Two methods for modifying the terminal dithiobenzoate-group of PMAG was investigated to obtain the macroinitiator bearing a primary aliphatic amino group, which is required for ring-opening polymerization of N-carboxyanhydrides of hydr

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29

Zhang, Aili, Erhong Guo, Lanfang Qian, Nga-Yeung Tang, Rory M. Watt, and Mark Bartlam. "Purification, crystallization and X-ray crystallographic analysis of a putative exopolyphosphatase fromZymomonas mobilis." Acta Crystallographica Section F Structural Biology Communications 72, no. 3 (2016): 172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053230x16000753.

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Exopolyphosphatase (PPX) enzymes degrade inorganic polyphosphate (poly-P), which is essential for the survival of microbial cells in response to external stresses. In this study, a putative exopolyphosphatase fromZymomonas mobilis(ZmPPX) was crystallized. Crystals of the wild-type enzyme diffracted to 3.3 Å resolution and could not be optimized further. The truncation of 29 amino acids from the N-terminus resulted in crystals that diffracted to 1.8 Å resolution. The crystals belonged to space groupC2, with unit-cell parametersa= 122.0,b= 47.1,c= 89.5 Å, α = γ = 90, β = 124.5°. An active-site m

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30

Mallakpour, Shadpour, та Amin Zadehnazari. "Novel optically active poly(amide-thioester-imide)s containing l-α-amino acids and thiadiazol anticorrosion group". High Performance Polymers 25, № 4 (2012): 377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008312467809.

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31

ITSUNO, S., M. SAKAKURA та K. ITO. "ChemInform Abstract: Polymer-Supported Poly(amino Acids) as New Asymmetric Epoxidation Catalyst of α,β-Unsaturated Ketones." ChemInform 22, № 13 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199113165.

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32

Kakuchi, Ryohei, Ryotaro Shimada, Yasuyuki Tago, Ryosuke Sakai, Toshifumi Satoh та Toyoji Kakuchi. "Pendant structure governed anion sensing property for sulfonamide-functionalized poly(phenylacetylene)s bearing various α-amino acids". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 48, № 8 (2010): 1683–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.23919.

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33

Sela, M. "Poly(α-amino acids)—From a better understanding of immune phenomena to a drug against multiple sclerosis". Acta Polymerica 49, № 10-11 (1998): 523–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-4044(199810)49:10/11<523::aid-apol523>3.0.co;2-o.

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34

Koo, Kenneth, and W. Dorsey Stuart. "Sequence and structure of mtr, an amino acid transport gene of Neurospora crassa." Genome 34, no. 4 (1991): 644–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g91-098.

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The gene product of the mtr locus of Neurospora crassa is required for the transport of neutral aliphatic and aromatic amino acids via the N system. We have previously cloned three cosmids containing Neurospora DNA that complement the mtr-6(r) mutant allele. The cloned DNAs were tightly linked to restriction fragment length polymorphisms that flank the mtr locus. A 2.9-kbp fragment from one cosmid was subcloned and found to complement the mtr-6(r) allele. Here we report the sequence of the fragment that hybridized to a poly(A)+ mRNA transcript of about 2300 nucleotides. We have identified an 8

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35

Koverda, Anna A., Alexandra I. Korshunova, Mikhail N. Koverda, and Evgeny N. Sechin. "Synthesis of monomers for the preparation of optically active poly(amido–imide)s. Part 1. Synthesis of chiral imides containing a fragment of the natural amino acid based on nitrophenylcycloalkanedicarboxylic acids." Butlerov Communications 57, no. 1 (2019): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-57-1-27.

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Previously it was shown that the stereochemical result of the alkylation reaction of benzene with cycloalkanedicarboxylic acids depends on the order of mixing the reagents. The resulting diastereomerically pure derivatives can be used as precursors of monomers for the synthesis of optically active poly(amido–imide)s, which are basic materials in chiral chromatographic separation. Their potential for use in chiral catalytic systems, liquid crystals in ferroelectric and nonlinear optics, in the manufacture of electrodes for enantioselective recognition during bioelectrosynthesis, membrane separa

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36

Gomurashvili, Z., H. R. Kricheldorf та R. Katsarava. "AMINO ACID BASED BIOANALOGOUS POLYMERS. SYNTHESIS AND STUDY OF NEW POLY(ESTER AMIDE)S COMPOSED OF HYDROPHOBIC α-AMINO ACIDS AND DIANHYDROHEXITOLES". Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 37, № 3 (2000): 215–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ma-100101089.

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37

Valencia-Parera, Gregorio, Concepcion Solans-Marsa, Francisca Reig-Isart та Jose Maria Garcia-Anton. "Poly-α-amino acids acting as synthetic enzymes on a epoxidation reaction: A physicochemical study of the catalyst". Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 114, № 1 (1986): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(86)90246-8.

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38

Hsiao, Sheng-Huei, Chin-Ping Yang та Feng-Yueh Wu. "Preparation and properties of poly(amide-imide)s derived from trimellitic anhydride, α-amino acids, and aromatic diamines". Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 195, № 7 (1994): 2531–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1994.021950721.

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Doig, Andrew J., Charles D. Andrew, Duncan A. E. Cochran та ін. "Structure, stability and folding of the α-helix". Biochemical Society Symposia 68 (1 серпня 2001): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bss0680095.

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Pauling first described the α-helix nearly 50 years ago, yet new features of its structure continue to be discovered, using peptide model systems, site-directed mutagenesis, advances in theory, the expansion of the Protein Data Bank and new experimental techniques. Helical peptides in solution form a vast number of structures, including fully helical, fully coiled and partly helical. To interpret peptide results quantitatively it is essential to use a helix/coil model that includes the stabilities of all these conformations. Our models now include terms for helix interiors, capping, side-chain

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Monarez, Roberto R., Clinton C. Macdonald та Brinda Dass. "Polyadenylation proteins CstF-64 and τCstF-64 exhibit differential binding affinities for RNA polymers". Biochemical Journal 401, № 3 (2007): 651–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20061097.

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CstF-64 (cleavage stimulation factor-64), a major regulatory protein of polyadenylation, is absent during male meiosis. Therefore a paralogous variant, τCstF-64 is expressed in male germ cells to maintain normal spermatogenesis. Based on sequence differences between τCstF-64 and CstF-64, and on the high incidence of alternative polyadenylation in testes, we hypothesized that the RBDs (RNA-binding domains) of τCstF-64 and CstF-64 have different affinities for RNA elements. We quantified Kd values of CstF-64 and τCstF-64 RBDs for various ribopolymers using an RNA cross-linking assay. The two RBD

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Tamura, Atsushi, Asato Tonegawa, Yoshinori Arisaka, and Nobuhiko Yui. "Versatile synthesis of end-reactive polyrotaxanes applicable to fabrication of supramolecular biomaterials." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 12 (December 28, 2016): 2883–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.12.287.

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Cyclodextrin (CD)-threaded polyrotaxanes (PRXs) with reactive functional groups at the terminals of the axle polymers are attractive candidates for the design of supramolecular materials. Herein, we describe a novel and simple synthetic method for end-reactive PRXs using bis(2-amino-3-phenylpropyl) poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-Ph-NH2) as an axle polymer and commercially available 4-substituted benzoic acids as capping reagents. The terminal 2-amino-3-phenylpropyl groups of PEG-Ph-NH2 block the dethreading of the α-CDs after capping with 4-substituted benzoic acids. By this method, two series of

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Thierry, Baptiste, Jean-Christophe Plaquevent та Dominique Cahard. "Poly(ethylene glycol) supported cinchona alkaloids as phase transfer catalysts: application to the enantioselective synthesis of α-amino acids". Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 14, № 12 (2003): 1671–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0957-4166(03)00279-9.

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Sheffield, William P., Philip D. Schuyler, and Morris A. Blajchman. "Molecular Cloning and Expression of Rabbit Heparin Cofactor II: A Plasma Thrombin Inhibitor Highly Conserved between Species." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 71, no. 06 (1994): 778–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642522.

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SummaryHeparin cofactor II (HCII), a circulating plasma protein that inhibits thrombin, is a member of the serine proteinase (serpin) family of proteins. The extent to which HCII structure is conserved actross species lines was investigated, by obtaining cDNA clones encoding rabbit HCII. Overlapping clones corresponding to rabbit HCII were obtained by the combined use of hybridization screening of a rabbit liver cDNA library, and by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The consensus sequence obtained spans 2178 nucleotides, and is comprised of a 5' untranslated region of 77 nucleotides, an

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Altmann, Stephen M., Mark T. Mellon, Daniel L. Distel, and Carol H. Kim. "Molecular and Functional Analysis of an Interferon Gene from the Zebrafish, Danio rerio." Journal of Virology 77, no. 3 (2003): 1992–2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.3.1992-2002.2003.

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ABSTRACT The interferon (IFN) family consisting of alpha IFN (IFN-α), IFN-β, IFN-ω, IFN-δ, IFN-κ, and IFN-τ is a large group of cytokines involved in the innate immune response against various microorganisms. Genes for IFN have been cloned from a variety of mammalian and avian species; however, IFN genes from lower-order vertebrates have not been forthcoming. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of the IFN gene from the zebrafish, Danio rerio. Zebrafish IFN (zfIFN) is 185 amino acids in length, with the first 22 amino acids representing a putative signal peptide. Treatment with the

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Yoshitomo, Taguchi, Komatsu-Tanaka Mari, Hirose Norie, Kaji Yurie та Saeki Kazuhiro. "Molecular Cloning and Expression Analysis of Bovine Alpha-tocopherol Transfer Protein (α-TTP)". Annual Research & Review in Biology 12, № 5 (2017): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.9734/ARRB/2017/33400.

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<strong>Aims:</strong> To understand the mechanisms by which cattle circulate and accumulate vitamin E, we cloned the cDNA for bovine α-tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP) and examined its expression in different tissues. <strong>Methodology:</strong> A full length α-TTP cDNA was amplified from bovine liver by RT-PCR. Poly (A)<sup>+</sup> RNA obtained from bovine tissues was subjected to RT-PCR analysis to examine α-TTP mRNA expression. Western blot analysis was performed using polyclonal antibody raised against an oligopeptide derived from bovine α-TTP to examine α-TTP protein expression in v

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Bao, You-Mei, Xiao-Hui Liu, Xiu-Lan Tang та Yue-Sheng Li. "Synthesis of novel hyperbranched poly(ester-amide)s based on neutral α-amino acids via “AD + CBB′” couple-monomer approach". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 48, № 23 (2010): 5364–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.24340.

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Nonokawa, Ryuji, та Eiji Yashima. "Detection and Amplification of a Small Enantiomeric Imbalance in α-Amino Acids by a Helical Poly(phenylacetylene) with Crown Ether Pendants". Journal of the American Chemical Society 125, № 5 (2003): 1278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja028348c.

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Kakuchi, Ryohei, Yasuyuki Tago, Ryosuke Sakai, Toshifumi Satoh та Toyoji Kakuchi. "Effect of the Pendant Structure on Anion Signaling Property of Poly(phenylacetylene)s Conjugated to α-Amino Acids through Urea Groups". Macromolecules 42, № 13 (2009): 4430–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma900648h.

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Spaltro, Suree M., та Natalie Foster. "Synthesis and characterization of conjugates of poly(α-amino acids) and manganese (III) protoporphyrin IX as relaxation enhancement agents for MRI". Journal of Applied Polymer Science 41, № 56 (1990): 1235–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070410532.

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Higashi, Nobuyuki, Tomoyuki Koga та Masazo Niwa. "Enantioselective Binding and Stable Encapsulation of α-Amino Acids in a Helical Poly(L-glutamic acid)-Shelled Dendrimer in Aqueous Solutions". ChemBioChem 3, № 5 (2002): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1439-7633(20020503)3:5<448::aid-cbic448>3.0.co;2-d.

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