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1
Pinardag, Fatma Esra. "Modified Acrylic Hydrogels As Controlled Release Systems." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607362/index.pdf.
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In this study, pH-sensitive poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) hydrogels were synthesized as controlled release systems in the presence of N,N-methylene bisacrylamide as crosslinker and ammonium persulfate as initiator. A set of hydrogels were used in the form they were prepared. One set of hydrogels were prepared as porous networks by incorporating sodium chloride into the reaction medium and then leaching of it after the completion of polymerization reaction. Two sets of hydrogels were modified by argon-plasma at different discharge powers. Hydrogels were characterized by 13C-NMR, XPS, SEM, ATR-FTIR, ESR as well as equilibrium degree of swelling (EDS) and contact angle measurements. Prepared hydrogels were loaded with a model antibiotic, ciprofloxacin-HCl (CPFX), and in-vitro release of CPFX from hydrogel matrices were examined in buffer solutions of varying pH values. There are two factors determining the release rates of CPFXone is the pH-dependent solubility of CPFX and the other is EDS of the hydrogel samples. For porous samples drug loading and release rates were higher when compared to the control samples and CPFX solubility dominated over release kinetics. Plasma treatment resulted in prolonged release rates in acidic medium.
2
Canning, Sarah. "Poly(alkyl methacrylate-co-acrylic acid) copolymers of varying architecture for improved adhesion." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10388/.
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Amphiphilic copolymers composed of hydrophilic polyacrylic acid segments and hydrophobic poly(alkyl methacylate) segments were targeted as adhesion-promoting additives for use in printing inks. Methyl, butyl and lauryl methacrylates were chosen to vary hydrophobicity. Initially, a phase transfer-catalysed backbone functionalisation and a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT)-controlled grafting step were employed to form graft copolymers, although polyacrylic acid homopolymer was also produced. The lauryl methacrylate synthesis proved more difficult due to the steric effect of the long alkyl chain. Branched and linear poly(alkyl methacrylate-acrylic acid) copolymers were then synthesised using RAFT, in either a one-pot polymerisation, producing random copolymers, or a two-step procedure forming block copolymers. Molecular weights of close to 20 000 g mol-1 were achieved, with methacrylate:acrylic acid ratios close to 1:1, as targeted. Branching was confirmed through calculation of Mark-Houwink parameters using GPC with viscometric detection, and a 13C NMR method was developed to identify block or random monomer sequence distribution. Due to their amphiphilic nature, the copolymers were found to self-assemble in water to form macromolecular structures. These varied according to architecture, monomer distribution, and hydrophobicity of the methacrylate segment. Small angle neutron scattering was used to study the copolymers in a range of solvent systems. Whilst Gaussian coils were formed in d-THF and self-assembled spheres or multi-lamellar micelles were formed in D2O, the copolymers were found to aggregate into fractal structures in intermediate solvency conditions. The behaviour of the copolymers when coated on polyolefin substrates was studied by contact angle measurements, and the random materials created more polar surfaces compared to the segmented analogues. A force spectroscopy technique showed potential for accurate comparison of copolymer adhesion. Ink formulations containing the butyl methacrylate copolymers jetted well on both thermal inkjet and drop on demand printers. Adhesion was assessed using industry standard tests, and better overall performance was observed for the branched copolymers.
3
Siyambalagoda, Gamage Pubudu Hasanka. "Synthesis and applications of ruthenium(II)quaterpyridinium complexes and Poly-N-isopropylacrylamide/ acrylic acid copolymers." Diss., Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4621.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Chemistry
Stefan Bossmann
Tris-homoleptic ruthenium(II)-quaterpyridyl and quaterpyridinium complexes, with +8 and +14 charge were synthesized by utilizing high pressure reaction pathway. These complexes have diameters ranging from 1.82 to 4.55 nm according to the molecular modeling calculations. These ruthenium complexes are highly luminescent and contain long excited state life times. The novel ruthenium(II)-quaterpyridinium complexes exhibit superior reactivity as sensitizer-relay-assemblies (SRA‟s) in sacrificial systems for water and carbon dioxide reductions, while harvesting the ultraviolet- and most of the visible fraction of the incident solar spectrum. Ru(II)-quaterpyridinium complexes and Pd/TiO2 catalysts were successfully used as the catalytic system for the photo catalytic reduction of water and carbon dioxide to hydrogen and methane respectively. Phosphonate-tethered Ru(II)-quaterpyridinium complexes were synthesized from Ru(II)-tris-quaterpyridyl complexes. These complexes form stable adhesive layers on indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. A series of differential pulse voltammetry experiments were carried out to measure the ground state and excited state redox potentials of all the Ru(II)quaterpyridinium complexes. The reductive potentials obtained were compared with the reductive potentials of CO2 to CH4 and H2O to H2 reductions. The measurements obtained from the experiments confirmed that it is possible to thermodynamically oxidize water and reduce CO2 by using phosphonate-tethered Ru(II)-quaterpyridinium complexes. These complexes are successfully utilized as prototypes for mycobacterial channel blockers. The Ru(II) complexes show distinct changes in their luminescence spectra when bound to the porin MspA from M. smegmatis, which is a non-pathogenic relative of M. tuberculosis. By using HPLC, we have determined binding constants of the Ru(II)-complexes to MspA in phosphate buffer (0.05 M, pH = 6.8) ranging from 5.2 x 109 M-1 (Ru-C2) to 1.8 x 109 M-1 (Ru-C4). Our findings indicate that channel blocking is a promising treatment strategy for mycobacterial infections. Poly-N-isopropyl-acrylamide/acetic acid copolymers were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and gel permeation chromatography. The average composition of the copolymers determined from CHN analysis is in excellent correlation with the feed composition indicating that the radical polymerization process is indeed statistical. Crosslinking of individual polymer chains permitted the generation of ultraflat layers on Mica surfaces by a simple spin-casting procedure, which are able to host the mycobacterial channel protein MspA, while retaining its channel function.
4
Dey, Rebecca. "An investigation into the potential use of poly(vinylphosphonic acid-co-acrylic acid) in bone tissue scaffolds." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/an-investigation-into-the-potential-use-of-polyvinylphosphonic-acidcoacrylic-acid-in-bone-tissue-scaffolds(0f3b96dd-29e6-4b46-9760-57770dee8bde).html.
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Bone undergoes constant turnover throughout life and has the capacity to regenerate itself. However, the repair of critical size defects, caused by bone diseases such as osteoporosis, can be more problematic. Therefore, there is a clinical need for a bone graft substitute that can be used at sites of surgical intervention to enhance bone regeneration. Poly(vinylphosphonic acid-co-acrylic acid) (PVPA-co-AA) has recently been identified as a potential candidate for use in bone tissue scaffolds. It is hypothesised that PVPA-co-AA can mimic the action of bisphosphonates â a class of drugs used in the treatment of osteoporosis â by binding to calcium ions from bone mineral surfaces. In this way, bisphosphonates can affect bone turnover by increasing the activity of osteoblasts and reducing osteoclast activity. Although PVPA-co-AA has been shown to improve bone formation, the mechanism of action has so far not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this work aims to understand the effect of copolymer composition on the properties of PVPA-co-AA, and thus to determine its effect on osteoblast adhesion and proliferation. PVPA-co-AA copolymers have been synthesised with a range of monomer feed ratios. It was found that a VPA content of 30 mol % led to the greatest calcium binding affinity of the copolymer and is thus expected to lead to enhanced bone formation and mineralisation of the matrix produced by osteoblast cells. The release profile of PVPA-co-AA from electrospun PCL scaffolds was investigated. It was shown that all of the PVPA-co-AA was released into aqueous media within 8 h of immersion. It was also found that the calcium chelation from osteogenic differentiation media significantly increased within the first 8 h. Therefore, it was concluded that PVPA-co-AA is released from the scaffolds, where it can then bind to calcium ions from the bone mineral surface to promote mineralisation, thus acting as a mimic of non-collagenous proteins, which are present in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of bone. Hydrogels of PVPA-co-AA have been produced and the effect of monomer feed ratio (0-50 mol % VPA) on the properties of the gels was explored. It was found that an increase in VPA content led to greater hydrogel swelling and increased porosities. Hydrogels that contained 30 and 50 mol % VPA were shown to have similar morphologies to the native ECM of bone. Rheological testing showed that hydrogels with higher VPA contents were more flexible and could be deformed to a large extent without permanent deformation of their structure. An increase in osteoblast adhesion and proliferation was observed for hydrogels with 30 and 50 mol % VPA content as well as superior cell spreading. Osteoblast cell metabolic activity also increased as a function of VPA content in the hydrogels. This work indicates that hydrogels of PVPA-co-AA, with VPA contents of 30 or 50 mol %, are ideal for use as bone tissue scaffolds. Furthermore, the mechanical and cell adhesion properties of the gels can be tuned by altering the copolymer composition. Finally, composite hydrogels of PVPA-co-AA and hydroxyapatite (HA) have been produced and investigated for their ability to remove fluoride ions from groundwater. It was found that the fluoride uptake ability of PVPA-HA hydrogels was significantly enhanced when compared with HA powder alone. Furthermore, the fluoride uptake was dependent on many factors, including pH, contact time and the presence of competing ions. It was possible to regenerate the hydrogel to remove the fluoride ions, and thus it was shown that the material can be used a number of times with only a slight reduction in its fluoride uptake capacity.
5
Zhou, Bo. "Synthesis and characterization of crystalline assembly of poly Nisopropylacry-lamide)-co-acrylic acid nanoparticles." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4671/.
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In this study, crystalline poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (PNIPAm-co-AAc) nanoparticle network in organic solvents was obtained by self assembling precursor particles in acetone/epichlorohydrin mixture at room temperature followed by inter-sphere crosslinking at ~98 °C. The crystals thus formed can endure solvent exchanges or large distortions under a temporary compressing force with the reoccurrence of crystalline structures. In acetone, the crystals were stable, independent of temperature, while in water crystals could change their colors upon heating or changing pH values. By passing a focused white light beam through the crystals, different colors were displayed at different observation angles, indicating typical Bragg diffraction. Shear moduli of the gel nanoparticle crystals were measured in the linear stress-yield ranges for the same gel crystals in both acetone and water. Syntheses of particles of different sizes and the relationship between particle size and the color of the gel nanoparticle networks at a constant solid content were also presented. Temperature- and pH- sensitive crystalline PNIPAm-co-AAc hydrogel was prepared using osmosis crosslinking method. Not only the typical Bragg diffraction phenomenon was observed for the hydrogel but also apparent temperature- and pH- sensitive properties were performed. The phase behavior of PNIPAm nanoparticles dispersed in water was also investigated using a thermodynamic perturbation theory combined with lightscattering and spectrometer measurements. It was shown how the volume transition of PNIPAM particles affected the interaction potential and determined a novel phase diagram that had not been observed in conventional colloids. Because both particle size and attractive potential depended on temperature, PNIPAM aqueous dispersion exhibited phase transitions at a fixed particle number density by either increasing or decreasing temperature. The phase transition of PNIPAm-co-AAc colloids was also studied. The results from the comparison between pure PNIPAm and charged PNIPAm colloids showed that the introducing of carboxyl (-COOH) group not only contributed to the synthesis of three-dimensional nanoparticle network but also effectively increased the crystallization temperature and concentration range. The phase transitions at both low and high temperatures were observed from the turbidity change by using UV-Vis spectrometer. Centrifugal vibration method was used to make crystalline PNIPAm-co-AAc dispersion at high concentration (8%). The turbidity test proved the formation of iridescent pattern.
6
Pethe, Vishwas Vyankatrao. "Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Permeability of EEA/PEO Blends and Microlayers." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1196374484.
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7
Nugroho, Robertus Wahyu Nayan. "Steric Stabilization of Polylactide particles achieved by Covalent 'grafting-from' with Hydrophilic Polymers." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Polymerteknologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-122429.
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Despite numerous advantages of using particles in a wide range of applications, they have one drawback that is their tendency to agglomerate. One way to overcome this problem is to sterically stabilize the particles by introducing polymeric chains covalently attached to the surface. Surface modification by covalently attaching polymer chains to the particle surface can be achieved by e.g. a ‘grafting-from’ technique under UV irradiation. In this thesis, polylactide (PLA) particles were surface modified, under UV irradiation, with the hydrophilic monomers: acrylamide (AAm), acrylic acid (AA), and maleic anhydride (MAH). The developed ‘grafting-from’ technique was shown to be nondestructive method for surface modification of PLA particles of two different geometries. The change in surface chemistry of the PLA particles was confirmed by FTIR and XPS, indicating the success of the surface grafting technique. Force interaction between two surface grafted PLA substrates was measured by colloidal probe AFM in different salt concentrations. In order to understand the repulsive force, the AFM force profiles were compared to the DLVO theory and AdG model. Long range repulsive interactions were mainly observed when hydrophilic polymers were covalently attached to the surface of PLA particles, leading to steric interaction. Attractive force dominated the interaction when neat PLA particle was approaching each other, resulting in particle aggregation, even though short range repulsion was observed at small separation distance, i.e. approximately 10 nm. Attractive interaction was also observed when neat PLA was approaching to PAA-grafted PLA substrate. This attractive interaction was much greater than force interaction between two neat PLA substrates. The surface grafted particles can be used in biomedical application where secondary interactions are important to overcome particle agglomeration such as particle-based drug delivery.QC 20130529
8
Särnholm, Evelina. "Analyzing components of barrier coatings in different fractions during a repulping process." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-93414.
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During paper manufacturing, coating and adhesives are added to paper and cardboard to improve quality and durability. When the paper is later recycled or becoming new paper, the coatings may pollute the water used in the recycling process. Thus, it is important to know in which fraction these coatings finish during the process. In this study, laboratory made samples that mimic the repulping and paper making process is used. The different fractions of the processes were analyzed for a clay as well as a polymer coating. Metal content from clay coating is analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and microwave plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. For analyzing polymer coating, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used. From the result of the analysis the Reject sample, which was collected with a bigger mesh sieve in a repulping system, contained the highest amount of both clay and polymer coating. The other sample fractions from the repulping process and paper making process, did not contain as high mass content of either clay nor polymer coating.
9
Lan, Han-Zhong, and 藍漢中. "Study on the synthesis and properties of poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/fly ash composite hydrogel." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39301253943970347119.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
化學系
103
This main goal of thesis is to prepare two anionic superabsorbent hydrogel, polyacrylic acid / polyacryl amide ( P(AA/AM) ) and polyacrylic acid / polyacryl amide / fly ash ( P(AA/AM)/FA ). Ammmonium persulfate ( APS) and N,N’methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) were used as an initiator and crosslinking agent, respectively. Using FT-IR to identify structure, surface porosity is observed by SEM. The parameters what could be effected experiment are monomer ratio, initiator dosage, crosslinker dosage, reaction temperature and proportion of fly ash. We measure water absorbency of hydrogel in water, saline solution and variety of different situation and then test the mechanical properties, including compressive strength and water absorption under load (AUL). We evaluate if P(AA/AM)/FA hydrogel whose additive quantity, proportion of fly ash and particle size is reasonablely applied to the grout and cement mortar as a self-curing agent. Then we researched hydration degree, cracking index, and setting time in grout. We calculated weight-loss, water retention,compressive strength, internal humidity, and drying shrinkage in cement mortar. The result indicate that P(AA/AM)/FA hydrogel in the optimum reaction condition, the water absorbency is 386 g/g in water, and 56, 26 g/g in 0.1M NaCl(aq) and 0.1M CaCl2(aq), repectively. The compressive strength is 47.5 (Kgf / cm2). When we add P(AA/AM)/FA hydrogel into mortar as self-curing reagent, the optimum dosage, particle size and proportion of fly ash is 0.2 wt%, 0.082 mm and 10 wt%, respectively, in this condition, improve the performance of weight-loss, compressive strength, internal humidity, drying shrinkage and craking formation. All the performance is better than the control group without P(AA/AM)/FA hydrogel.
10
CHOU, Yu-Lin, and 周佑霖. "Study on the synthesis and properties of poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/silica fume composite hydrogel." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24246573649328673500.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
化學系
103
This main goal of thesis is to prepare two anionic superabsorbent hydrogel, polyacrylic acid / polyacryl amide ( P(AA/AM) ) and polyacrylic acid / polyacryl amide / Silica fume ( P(AA/AM)/SF ). Ammmonium persulfate (APS) and N,N’methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) were used as an initiator and crosslinking agent, respectively. Using FT-IR to identify structure, surface porosity is observed by SEM. The parameters what could be effected experiment are monomer ratio, initiator dosage, crosslinker dosage, reaction temperature and proportion of silica fume. We measure water absorbency of hydrogel in water, saline solution and variety of different situation and then test the mechanical properties, including compressive strength . We evaluate if P(AA/AM) hydrogel whose additive quantity is reasonablely applied to the grout and cement mortar as a self-curing agent. Then we researched hydration degree, cracking index, and setting time in grout. We calculated weight-loss, water retention,compressive strength, internal humidity, and drying shrinkage in cement mortar. The result indicate that P(AA/AM)SF hydrogel in the optimum reaction condition, the water absorbency is 410.5 g/g in water, and 40.4, 24.4 g/g in 0.1M NaCl(aq) and 0.1M CaCl2(aq),repectively. The compressive strength is 48.6 (Kgf / cm2). When we add P(AA/AM) hydrogel into mortar as self-curing reagent, the optimum dosage is 0.2 wt% , respectively, in this condition, improve the performance of weight-loss, compressive strength, internal humidity, drying shrinkage and craking formation. All the performance is better than the control group without P(AA/AM) hydrogel.
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Cai, Chun-En, and 蔡春恩. "Influence of surface free energy and zeta potential on albumin onto poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylamide-co-acrylic acid)gels." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67939332097671017570.
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Tsai, Chuen En, and 蔡春恩. "Influence of Surface Free Energy and Zeta Potential on Albumin onto Poly(Acrylonitrile-co-Acrylamide-co-Acrylic Acid) Gels." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28485637286747463313.
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Li, Lin, and 李麟. "Study on the Synthesis and Properties of Poly(Acrylic acid-co-Acrylamide)/Rice Husk Ash Hydrogel Composites." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27h38w.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
化學系
106
Rice husk ash (RHA) was very common waste in agricultural production. In the thesis，we had prepared P(AA/AM)/RHA hydrogel composites, and changed the dosage of RHA, compared to P(AA/AM) hydrogel without RHA. FT-IR spectrum was used to identity the functional group of hydrogels. SEM was observed the surface of hydrogels. Then the hydrogels was determined water absorbency in deionized water、saline solution of different concentration and pore solution. P(AA/AM)/RHA hydrogel composites were used as self-curing agent, added to cement paste and mortar. We compared mortar added to RHA composites with that added general P(AA/AM) hydrogel for the influences of weight-loss、relative humidity、drying shrinkage、autogenous shrinkage and setting time. Further, the cracking index in cement paste and the surface of cement paste were determined, observed and discussed cement hydration. The results indicated that the higher water absorbency of all tested P(AA/AM)/RHA hydrogel composites in saline solution, and better water retention in pore solution. When P(AA/AM)/RHA composites was added to mortar and cement paste, it reduced weight-loss、drying shrinkage and autogenous shrinkage, improved compressive strength and internal humidity, lower cracking formation had good influences in cement paste.
14
Swift, Thomas, N. Paul, L. Swanson, Maria G. Katsikogianni, and Stephen Rimmer. "Förster Resonance Energy Transfer across interpolymer complexes of poly(acrylic acid) and poly(acrylamide)." 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/12700.
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YesInterpolymer complexes of homopolymer macromolecules are often described as ‘laddered’ or ‘ribbon’ type structures. The proposition of the existence of these ladder structures seems to us not reasonable and here we examine this hypothesis. To address this we have used polymers enabled for Förster Energy Transfer (FRET). Chromophores bound to a macromolecular backbone can transfer energy across short distances via FRET. The close binding of poly(acrylamide) and poly(acrylic acid) interpolymer complex formation at low pH forms a structure compact enough for significant energy transfer to occur between different chains containing naphthalene and anthracene labels. In the context of the proposition that ladder polymers can form it was surprising that the distance between labels on the same polymer back-bone was equivalent regardless of whether the polymer was complexed or not. The data indicated that the bicomponent structure may be more compact than previously supposed: I.e. the complexes are not ladders composed of extended chains. This evidence suggests formation not of ordered ‘ladder’ systems but colloidal ‘co-globules’.
This work was carried out in part thanks to an EPSRC CASE funded PhD studentship at the University of Sheffield, sponsored by SNF (UK) Ltd.
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Swift, Thomas, L. Swanson, and Stephen Rimmer. "Poly(acrylic acid) interpolymer complexation: use of a fluorescence time resolved anisotropy as a poly(acrylamide) probe." 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/11182.
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YesA low concentration poly(acrylamide) sensor has been developed which uses the segmental mobility of another polymer probe with a covalently attached fluorescent marker. Interpolymer complexation with poly(acrylic acid) leads to reduced segmental mobility which can be used to determine the concentration of polymer in solution. This technique could be useful in detecting the runoff of polymer dispersants and flocculants in fresh water supplies following water purification processes.
Funding for the research was kindly provided by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC).
16
Zih-YingYou and 游子瑩. "Synthesis of Ni-Co Alloy Nanowires using Poly (vinyl pyrrolidone-co-acrylic acid) as a Protecting Agent." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22857733295768104526.
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Swift, Thomas. "pH Dependence of Acrylate-Derivative Polyelectrolyte Properties." 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17892.
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yesThere are many polymers formed of acrylate monomers in existence. Here we interrogate four commonly-used examples and study how their solution properties are pH dependent, or how their state of ionisation can affect their solution properties. Poly(acrylic acid) and poly(methacrylic acid) are both polyelectrolytes, with ionisable functional groups that make them stimuli responsive, changing their hydrodynamic volume. Poly(acrylamide) is a mass-produced material used in a variety of industrial applications, often with an anionic and cationic co-monomer, which dictates both its efficacy and impact on the environment. Poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) is a thermally responsive material with applications in smart bioengineering. In solution, these materials can interact with each other due to competing hydrogen bonding interactions. However, this interpolymer complexation is dependent on both the ionisation, and the conformational state, of the polymers involved. This review focuses on the results from fluorescence tagging and turbidimetric techniques.
18
Kriuchkov, Volodymyr. "Poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) random copolymers : amphiphilic properties and self-assembly in aqueous medium." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5389.
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Les travaux de recherche présentés ici avaient pour objectif principal la synthèse de copolymères statistiques à base d’éthylène et d’acide acrylique (AA). Pour cela, la
déprotection des groupements esters d’un copolymère statistique précurseur, le
poly(éthylène-co-(tert-butyl)acrylate), a été effectuée par hydrolyse à l’aide d’iodure de
triméthylsilyle.
La synthèse de ce précurseur est réalisée par polymérisation catalytique en présence
d’un système à base de Palladium (Pd).
Le deuxième objectif a été d’étudier et de caractériser des polymères synthétisés à
l’état solide et en suspension colloïdale. Plusieurs copolymères précurseurs comprenant
différents pourcentages molaires en tert-butyl acrylate (4 à 12% molaires) ont été
synthétisés avec succès, puis déprotégés par hydrolyse pour obtenir des poly(éthylène-coacide
acrylique) (pE-co-AA) avec différentes compositions. Seuls les copolymères
comprenant 10% molaire ou plus de AA sont solubles dans le Tétrahydrofurane (THF) et
uniquement dans ce solvant. De telles solutions peuvent être dialysées dans l’eau, ce qui
conduit à un échange lent entre cette dernière et le THF, et l’autoassemblage du
copolymère dans l’eau peut ensuite être étudié. C’est ainsi qu’ont pu être observées des
nanoparticules stables dans le temps dont le comportement est sensible au pH et à la
température.
Les polymères synthétisés ont été caractérisés par Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire
(RMN) ainsi que par spectroscopie Infra-Rouge (IR), avant et après déprotection. Les
pourcentages molaires d’AA ont été déterminés par combinaison des résultats de RMN et
ii
de titrages conductimètriques. A l’état solide, les échantillons ont été analysés par
Calorimétrie différentielle à balayage (DSC) et par Diffraction des rayons X.
Les solutions colloïdales des polymères pE-co-AA ont été caractérisées par
Diffusion dynamique de la lumière et par la DSC-haute sensibilité. De la microscopie
électronique à transmission (TEM) a permis de visualiser la forme et la taille des
nanoparticules.The first objective of this research is to synthesize random linear copolymers of ethylene and acrylic acid (AA). The synthesis relies on the deprotection of the functional groups in the copolymer’s precursor, which is represented by poly(ethylene-co-tertbutyl acrylate). The synthesis of the precursor was realized by the catalytic approach, where Pd-based catalytic systems are frequently utilized nowadays. The deprotection was carried out by hydrolysis of the ester functionality using trimethylsilyl iodide agent. The second objective is to investigate and characterize the synthesized polymers in the bulk and in colloidal solution. A set of different precursor polymers with various degrees of molar incorporation of tertbutyl acrylate (from 4 to 12 mol %) was successfully synthesized and deprotected. The resulting poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) copolymers were found to be soluble in tetrahydrofuran THF, when the molar incorporation of AA reaches the value of 12 and more. This aspect gave the possibility to study the self-assembly of this copolymer in aqueous medium by slow THF to water exchange (dialysis). It was found that the copolymers self-assemble into nano-sized structures and these nanoparticles remain stable in colloidal solution for extended periods of time. Moreover, it was shown that the nanoparticles formed by the discussed copolymer possess thermo- and pH-responsive behaviour. The polymers synthesized were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared spectroscopies (IR) before and after deprotection. The bulk samples were analyzed by conventional differential scanning calorimetry and by X-ray diffraction iv technique. The molar percentages of AA were determined using a combination of NMR and conductimetric titration. Colloidal solutions of pE-co-AA copolymers were analyzed by dynamic light scattering and high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry techniques. The nanoparticles formed were visualized and characterized by transmission electron microscopy.
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Tung-HanWu and 吳東翰. "Synthesis of Nickel Nanowires using Poly（vinyl pyrrolidone-co-acrylic acid）as a Protecting Agent." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01576768017953956413.
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碩士國立成功大學
化學工程學系
102
In this study, water-soluble polymer poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone-co-acrylic acid) (PVPAA) copolymers were employed as protecting agents to synthesize Ni nanowires (NWs). The size and morphology of Ni NWs, obtained by SEM, can be controlled by the molar ratio of PVA/Ni2+ or copolymers/Ni2+. The XRD patterns of Ni NWs show characteristic diffractions for nanocrystalline fcc Ni and preferential orientation in wire axis. The coercivity of the Ni NWs obtained by SQUID VSM is enhanced when the diameter of Ni NWs decreases.
20
Lo, I.-Sheng, and 羅義昇. "Binding Mechanism and Phase Behavior of the Poly(N-Vinylformamide-co-Acrylic acid)/CTAB System." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35330417189823094054.
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碩士國立成功大學
化學工程學系碩博士班
97
Poly(N-vinylformamide) (PNVF) has no interaction with the cationic surfactant, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). In order to establish the interaction between PNVF and cationic surfactants, in this study we have synthesized statistical poly(N-vinylformamide-co-acrylic acid) (PNVF-co-PAA) copolymers with different ratios of NVF/AA. The anionic nature of AA units in the copolymer provides the interaction site toward to the cationic surfactant. In our work, we found by pyrene fluorescences that only the AA unit is more than 3 mol% in the copolymer, there is a detectable interaction between the copolymer and surfactant. Furthermore, 2D NOSEY experiments gave informations about the aggregation behavior in the PNVF-co-PAA/CTAB system. On the other hand, the phase behavior of the system could be investigated by turbidity measurements. Finally, we used the EMF measurements with a surfactant selective electrode to detect that the onset of binding and the occurrence of free micelles. We have summarized the results to speculate the binding mechanism and to interpret the phase behavior of the PNVF-co-PAA/CTAB system.
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LIU, HSING-KWO, and 劉興國. "Synthesis Hydrophilic colloids of poly(methyl methacrylate–co–acrylic acid) by emulsion free polymerization and characterized." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50138661655688793455.
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碩士國防大學中正理工學院
應用化學研究所
93
A novel conductive blends of polyaniline (PANI) with poly(methyl methacrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate iminodiacetic acid), PANI-PMGI, was prepared by in situ dispersion polymerization. The PANI-PMGI blends were characterized by UV-Vis, FTIR and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra. The structure of the PANI-PMGI blends was similar to emeraldine salt proved by UV-Vis and FTIR. The value of Hpp, lineshape, g factor, Ns, and A/B ratio of blends were investigated by EPR. The results of EPR indicated that the intermolecular interaction between PANI and PMGI was dependent on the content of PANI and temperature. PMMAA and PMMAM were synthesized from ionic monomer sodium acrylate (AA) and methyl methacrylate (MAA), repectively, and MMA with the initiator (Potassium persulfate, KPS) by emulsifier–free emulsion polymerization. The effects of the ionic monomer content, different structures of MMA segments, and interfaces on the dynamics and thermal stability of the copolymer were study by IR、13C NMR、DSC and TGA. The dynamic on local mobility of the copolymers were investigated by spin-lattice relaxation time (TH1ρ) in rotating frame. Results of FTIR analysis of both copolymers for various monomer ratios were explained on the basis of reactivity that decreased in the order of MAA > MMA > AA. TH1ρ values of both copolymers were decreased with increasing the ionic monomer content. Furthermore, the average TH1ρ value of PMMAM copolymers (~11.41 ms) was smaller than PMMAA copolymers (~14.14 ms). The result revealed that more hydrogen bonding was formed between PMMAM copolymer chains and then the mobility of PMMAM copolymers were slower than PMMAA copolymers. The average degradation activation energy (Ea) of PMMAM copolymer (~92.3 kJ/mol) was larger than PMMAA copolymers (~83 kJ/mol) and the average temperature of maximum weight loss of the former (~403.6 ℃) was higher than the latter (~335.6 ℃). Therefore, the result revealed that PMMAM copolymers were more thermal stable han PMMAA copolymers.
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Chen, Bo Wei, and 陳伯威. "Preparation of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) Copolymer nanogels and their drug controlled release behaviors." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78654476980370556195.
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碩士長庚大學
化工與材料工程學系
98
In this study, emulsion polymerization and surfactant-free emulsion polymerization methods were used to prepare temperature-sensitive hydrogel nanoparticles. The polymerization components included Temperature-sensitive monomer N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm), hydrophilic monomer Acrylic acid (AAc), crosslinking agent N,N’-Methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) initiator Ammonium persulfate (APS) and anionic surfactant Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) lauryl sulfate was added as the surfactant in the emulsion polymerization process. We compare nanogels synthesized , at different temperatures under different pH values for particle size, surface charge transmission electron microscopy, Chemical structive using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and their drug controlled release. The objectives are to render alange volume shrinkage rate within a narrow temperature range and to increase the nanogels lower critical solution temperature (LCST). It was found that FTIR test NIPAAm and AAc is copolymer, particle size analyzer to observe the particle as the temperature rises and size Reduced, adding a surfactant to the solution significantly decrease the size to 30nm. The nanogels tend to aggregate in acidic (pH=5) environment and do not show thermo-response in alkaline solution (pH=9). The volumes shrink most significantly in neutral pH , and the clouding point was found the AAc11% can be increase LCST to 40 oC. To 4-Acetamidophenol drug as a simulation drugs.and was found that use of smaller particle size effectively control drug release rate, and extend the release to 6 hours or more.
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Shiu, Jing-Mei, and 徐靜眉. "Studies on the Structure and Properties of Water-soluble Poly(aniline-co-N-acrylic acid aniline)." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04617636125965307827.
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碩士中原大學
化學工程研究所
89
Abstract Polyaniline (PAn) is currently considered to have high potentiality toward practical applications due to its cheap, good environmental stability and protonation with a protonic acid. However, it is very difficult to be dissolved in common organic solvents owing to its inherent rigid backbone. Thus, the aim of this research is to study the mechanism of PAn by react with 2,2¢-azobis-isobutyronitrile (AIBN) and acrylic acid (AA) in dimethylsulfide (DMSO) solution, and to investigate structure of the polymers. After the modification of PAn, water soluble and doping occurs. The doping level of new water soluble polymers are lower than that of PAn doped with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), since the former have the few imine structure so that the doptable positions are few than that of the latter. The tools used for the studied are gel permeation chromatograph (GPC), 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C-NMR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), infrared spectrometer (IR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), and conductivity measurements. In the true solution test, it was found that the new polymers (poly(aniline-co-N-acrylic acid-aniline)s, PAAns) could be dissolved in H2O. Results of GPC evidenced PAAns have only one molecular weight distribution. 13C-NMR Results indicated that the AA group is bonding with the nitrogen atom (N) of amine ring of PAn chain. For IR spectra, all the absorption bands at 1721 and 3488 cm-1 of C=O and N-H stretching vibration of PAA, respectively, and at 3220 and 1310 cm-1 of N-H and Caromatic-N stretching vibration of PAn, respectively, shifted toward low frequency. These results indicate the presence of hydrogen-bond interactions of PAn added with AA. For UV-vis results, the PAAns DMSO solutions, two absorption peaks exist at 358 nm (π-π* transition of the benzenoid ring) and 600 nm (excition absorption of the quinoid ring), and in the aqueous solutions, doping occurs. All of the decreasing of ratio of lmax,imine/lmax,amine in PAAns DMSO and aqueous solutions, and thin solid films. It is due to the thermal dissociation of DMSO into H· free radical, which will attack imine form of PAn to amine form, causing the decreasing of imine structure. XRD results indicate AA group help PAn chain to form a more regular phase resulting in the formation of a new phase at 2q = ~ 12°. The co-existence of two-phase strongly supports those hydrogen-bond interactions between the two components. For conductivity measurement as measured using the four-probe method, the decreasing of conductivity of PAn with the increasing of AA is due to the decreasing of imine in the reaction and the dropping of doping level.
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Tzeng, Tzo-Hau, and 曾子豪. "Systhesis of poly[ethylene-co-(5-ethylidene-2-norbornene)-co-norbornene]graft acrylic acid series monomer by atom transfer radical polymerization." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46282475291154063490.
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碩士中原大學
化學研究所
94
Cyclic olefin copolymers are important in polymer material due to their high transparency, good thermal stability, mechanical strength and easy to make film. The hydrophobic cyclic olefin copolymers were not compatible with hydrophilic material and have less chemical attraction each other. Therefore scientists develop many polymerization technology,which contain the grafting polymerization, blocking polymerization, and direct copolymerization with polar monomer, Most of them are grafting polymerization or blocking polymerization, since they contain the function of group and also maintain polymer orginal properties. We expect to improve polymer applications and bring on the material apply to the different domain. This experiments are carried by using the unsaturated alkene alkyl radical on poly[E-co-ENB-co-norbornene] and the hydrogen chloride watery solution. After the reaction the Cyclic olefin copolymers contain Cl group, The grafting of PMMA and PBA are used by atomic transfer radical polymerization methol. The reactions in different temperature, the catalyst system, and the solvent are discussed. At the same time, the products are identified by 1H-NMR, FT-IR, DSC. Theproperties of Cyclic olefin copolymers are studied by using of GPC, UV-VIS, and Contact Angle .
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CHANG, CHIA-FEN, and 張嘉分. "Poly(Sulfobetaine methacrylate-co-acrylic acid) grafted to stainless steel iron meshs for application of oil-water separation with self-cleaning." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68g78z.
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Lin, Tsern-Shiuh, and 林岑旭. "Water-Polymer Interactions and Critical Phenomena of Swelling in Inhomogeneous Poly(Acrylonitrile-co-Acrylamide-co-Acrylic cid) Gels." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46479486219770750516.
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