Relevant bibliographies by topics / Poly-ic

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Poly-ic'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Poly-ic"

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Packard, Amy E. B., Jason C. Hedges, Frances R. Bahjat, et al. "Poly-IC Preconditioning Protects against Cerebral and Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 32, no. 2 (2011): 242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2011.160.

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Preconditioning induces ischemic tolerance, which confers robust protection against ischemic damage. We show marked protection with polyinosinic polycytidylic acid (poly-IC) preconditioning in three models of murine ischemia-reperfusion injury. Poly-IC preconditioning induced protection against ischemia modeled in vitro in brain cortical cells and in vivo in models of brain ischemia and renal ischemia. Further, unlike other Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands, which generally induce significant inflammatory responses, poly-IC elicits only modest systemic inflammation. Results show that poly-IC is a new powerful prophylactic treatment that offers promise as a clinical therapeutic strategy to minimize damage in patient populations at risk of ischemic injury.
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Lee, Li-Ting, Sheng-Ping He, and Chih-Feng Huang. "Enhancement of Crystallization Behaviors in Quaternary Composites Containing Biodegradable Polymer by Supramolecular Inclusion Complex." Crystals 10, no. 12 (2020): 1137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10121137.

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Novel multi-component composites composed of the biodegradable polymer poly(ethylene adipate) (PEA), the water-soluble polymer poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc), and a supramolecular-like inclusion complex (IC) made by α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) (coded as PCL–CD–IC) are discussed in this work. The PCL–CD–IC was used to increase the crystallization rate of the miscible PEA/PEO/PVAc ternary blend that crystalized slower than neat PEA. Higher resolution SEM and TEM images displayed that PCL–CD–IC did not assemble notably in the quaternary composites. For the results of isothermal crystallization, the analysis of the Avrami equation demonstrated that the rate constant k increased with the addition of PCL–CD–IC in the composites, suggesting that PCL–CD–IC provided more nucleation sites to promote the crystallization rate. The nucleation density increased with the addition of PCL–CD–IC, and the amount of spherulite also increased. Wide angle X-ray results showed that the composites displayed similar diffraction patterns to neat PEA, meaning PEO, PVAc, and PCL–CD–IC would not change the crystal structures of PEA in the composites. The PCL–CD–IC, the supramolecular nucleation agent, demonstrated its superior ability to enhance the multi-component composites of biodegradable polymer in this study.
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Lauterbach, Henning, Barbara Bathke, Stefanie Gilles та ін. "Mouse CD8α+ DCs and human BDCA3+ DCs are major producers of IFN-λ in response to poly IC". Journal of Experimental Medicine 207, № 12 (2010): 2703–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20092720.

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Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly IC), a double-stranded RNA, is an effective adjuvant in vivo. IFN-λs (also termed IL-28/29) are potent immunomodulatory and antiviral cytokines. We demonstrate that poly IC injection in vivo induces large amounts of IFN-λ, which depended on hematopoietic cells and the presence of TLR3 (Toll-like receptor 3), IRF3 (IFN regulatory factor 3), IRF7, IFN-I receptor, Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FL), and IRF8 but not on MyD88 (myeloid differentiation factor 88), Rig-like helicases, or lymphocytes. Upon poly IC injection in vivo, the IFN-λ production by splenocytes segregated with cells phenotypically resembling CD8α+ conventional dendritic cells (DCs [cDCs]). In vitro experiments revealed that CD8α+ cDCs were the major producers of IFN-λ in response to poly IC, whereas both CD8α+ cDCs and plasmacytoid DCs produced large amounts of IFN-λ in response to HSV-1 or parapoxvirus. The nature of the stimulus and the cytokine milieu determined whether CD8α+ cDCs produced IFN-λ or IL-12p70. Human DCs expressing BDCA3 (CD141), which is considered to be the human counterpart of murine CD8α+ DCs, also produced large amounts of IFN-λ upon poly IC stimulation. Thus, IFN-λ production in response to poly IC is a novel function of mouse CD8α+ cDCs and their human equivalents.
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Luo, Xuelian, Dawei Ling, Ting Li, Chao Wan, Chuyu Zhang та Zishu Pan. "Classical swine fever virus Ernsglycoprotein antagonizes induction of interferon-β by double-stranded RNA". Canadian Journal of Microbiology 55, № 6 (2009): 698–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w09-013.

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Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is capable of counteracting innate cellular antiviral responses by inhibiting type I interferon (IFN)-α/β induction. A function associated with CSFV Npro, with respect to the inhibition of IFN-β production, has been clearly elucidated. In this study, we explored the role of CSFV Ernsin IFN-β induction by exogenous double-stranded (ds) RNA. Synthetic dsRNA (poly (IC)) was used as an exogenous stimulus to trigger IFN-β induction. CSFV Ernsinhibited IFN-β promoter-driven luciferase activity induced by poly (IC) in different cell lines, and the inhibitory effect was dose-dependent. Moreover, Ernsreduced IFN-β mRNA synthesis and blocked IFN-α/β production induced by poly (IC), suggesting that this inhibition occurs at the transcriptional level. Furthermore, Ernscounteracted poly (IC)-mediated IFN-β induction independent of its ribonuclease activity. In conclusion, CSFV Ernsantagonizes extracellular dsRNA-mediated IFN-β expression. These findings contribute to our understanding of the pathogenesis of CSFV.
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Padalko, Elizaveta, Dieter Nuyens, Armando De Palma, et al. "The Interferon Inducer Ampligen [Poly(I)-Poly(C12U)] Markedly Protects Mice against Coxsackie B3 Virus-Induced Myocarditis." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 48, no. 1 (2004): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.48.1.267-274.2004.

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ABSTRACT Viral replication, as well as an immunopathological component, is assumed to be involved in coxsackie B virus-induced myocarditis. We evaluated the efficacy of the interferon inducer Ampligen on coxsackie B3 virus-induced myocarditis in C3H/HeNHsd mice. The efficacy of Ampligen was compared with that of the interferon inducer poly(inosinic acid)-poly(cytidylic acid) [poly(IC)], alpha interferon 2b (INTRON A), and pegylated alpha interferon 2b (PEG-INTRON-α-2b). Ampligen at 20 mg/kg of body weight/day was able to reduce the severity of virus-induced myocarditis, as assessed by morphometric analysis, by 98% (P = 3.0 × 10−8). When poly(IC) was administered at 15 mg/kg/day, it reduced the severity of virus-induced myocarditis by 93% (P = 5.6 × 10−5). Alpha interferon 2b (1 × 105 U/day) and pegylated alpha interferon 2b (5 × 105 U/day) were less effective and reduced the severity of virus-induced myocarditis by 66% (P = 0.0009) and 78% (P = 0.0002), respectively. The observed efficacies of Ampligen and poly(IC) were corroborated by the observation that the drugs also markedly reduced the virus titers in the heart, as detected by (i) quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR and (ii) titration for infectious virus content. Whereas the electrocardiograms for untreated mice with myocarditis were severely disturbed, the electrocardiographic parameters were normalized in Ampligen- and poly(IC)-treated mice. Even when start of treatment with Ampligen was delayed until day 2 postinfection, a time at which lesions had already appeared in untreated control animals, a marked protective effect on the development of viral myocarditis (as assessed at day 6 postinfection) was still noted.
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Ruggli, Nicolas, Jon-Duri Tratschin, Matthias Schweizer, Kenneth C. McCullough, Martin A. Hofmann, and Artur Summerfield. "Classical Swine Fever Virus Interferes with Cellular Antiviral Defense: Evidence for a Novel Function of Npro." Journal of Virology 77, no. 13 (2003): 7645–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.13.7645-7654.2003.

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ABSTRACT Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) replicates efficiently in cell lines and monocytic cells, including macrophages (MΦ), without causing a cytopathic effect or inducing interferon (IFN) secretion. In the present study, the capacity of CSFV to interfere with cellular antiviral activity was investigated. When the porcine kidney cell line SK-6 was infected with CSFV, there was a 100-fold increased capacity to resist to apoptosis induced by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(IC)], a synthetic double-stranded RNA. In MΦ, the virus infection inhibited poly(IC)-induced alpha/beta IFN (type I IFN) synthesis. This interference with cellular antiviral defense correlated with the presence of the viral Npro gene. Mutants lacking the Npro gene (ΔNpro CSFV) did not protect SK-6 cells from poly(IC)-induced apoptosis, despite growth properties and protein expression levels similar to those of the wild-type virus. Furthermore, ΔNpro CSFV did not prevent poly(IC)-induced type I IFN production in MΦ but rather induced type I IFN in the absence of poly(IC) in both MΦ and the porcine kidney cell line PK-15, but not in SK-6 cells. With MΦ and PK-15, an impaired replication of the ΔNpro CSFV compared with wild-type virus was noted. In addition, ΔNpro CSFV, but not wild-type CSFV, could interfere with vesicular stomatitis virus replication in PK-15 cells. Taken together, these results provide evidence for a novel function associated with CSFV Npro with respect to the inhibition of the cellular innate immune system.
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Martins, Karen AO, Sina Bavari, and Andres M. Salazar. "Vaccine adjuvant uses of poly-IC and derivatives." Expert Review of Vaccines 14, no. 3 (2014): 447–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14760584.2015.966085.

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Longhi, M. Paula, Christine Trumpfheller, Juliana Idoyaga, et al. "Dendritic cells require a systemic type I interferon response to mature and induce CD4+ Th1 immunity with poly IC as adjuvant." Journal of Experimental Medicine 206, no. 7 (2009): 1589–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20090247.

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Relative to several other toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, we found polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly IC) to be the most effective adjuvant for Th1 CD4+ T cell responses to a dendritic cell (DC)–targeted HIV gag protein vaccine in mice. To identify mechanisms for adjuvant action in the intact animal and the polyclonal T cell repertoire, we found poly IC to be the most effective inducer of type I interferon (IFN), which was produced by DEC-205+ DCs, monocytes, and stromal cells. Antibody blocking or deletion of type I IFN receptor showed that IFN was essential for DC maturation and development of CD4+ immunity. The IFN-AR receptor was directly required for DCs to respond to poly IC. STAT 1 was also essential, in keeping with the type I IFN requirement, but not type II IFN or IL-12 p40. Induction of type I IFN was mda5 dependent, but DCs additionally used TLR3. In bone marrow chimeras, radioresistant and, likely, nonhematopoietic cells were the main source of IFN, but mda5 was required in both marrow–derived and radioresistant host cells for adaptive responses. Therefore, the adjuvant action of poly IC requires a widespread innate type I IFN response that directly links antigen presentation by DCs to adaptive immunity.
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Stevenson, H. C., G. A. Dekaban, P. J. Miller, C. Benyajati, and M. L. Pearson. "Analysis of human blood monocyte activation at the level of gene expression. Expression of alpha interferon genes during activation of human monocytes by poly IC/LC and muramyl dipeptide." Journal of Experimental Medicine 161, no. 3 (1985): 503–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.161.3.503.

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Human monocytes were activated to secrete alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) by poly IC/LC but not by other monocyte activators, such as muramyl dipeptide (MDP). In contrast, monocytes were activated to secrete fibroblast growth factor (FGF) release by MDP but not by poly IC/LC. The amount of total RNA present in unactivated and activated human monocytes was similar. Using two 32P-labeled cDNA probes (pLM001 and HuIFN-alpha 2) for human IFN-alpha genes in hybridization studies, we analyzed messenger RNA species from this gene family in activated human monocytes. After activation with poly IC/LC, two other mRNA species (2.8 and 5.5 kb) were detected in addition to the 1.0 kb mRNA normally associated with IFN-alpha secretion. Unexpectedly, monocytes activated with MDP also contained 2.8 kb IFN-alpha mRNA. There was associated with this 2.8 kb IFN-alpha mRNA, found in MDP-activated monocytes, appreciable levels of intracellular IFN-alpha activity in the absence of detectable secreted IFN-alpha. Thus the secretion of IFN-alpha in activated human monocytes can be correlated with the appearance of a 1.0 kb mRNA species after poly IC/LC exposure. Secretion appears to be defective in MDP-stimulated monocytes even though they contain active intracellular IFN-alpha apparently translated from the 2.8 kb mRNA.
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Caskey, Marina, François Lefebvre, Abdelali Filali-Mouhim, et al. "Synthetic double-stranded RNA induces innate immune responses similar to a live viral vaccine in humans." Journal of Experimental Medicine 208, no. 12 (2011): 2357–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20111171.

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Adjuvants are critical for the success of vaccines. Agonists of microbial pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are promising new adjuvant candidates. A mechanism through which adjuvants enhance immune responses is to stimulate innate immunity. We studied the innate immune response in humans to synthetic double-stranded RNA (polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly IC] stabilized with poly-l-lysine [poly ICLC]), an agonist for toll-like receptor (TLR) 3, and the cytosolic RNA helicase MDA-5. Transcriptional analysis of blood samples from eight volunteers, after subcutaneous administration of poly ICLC, showed up-regulation of genes involved in multiple innate immune pathways in all subjects, including interferon (IFN) and inflammasome signaling. Blocking type I IFN receptor ex vivo significantly dampened the response to poly IC. Comparative transcriptional analysis showed that several innate immune pathways were similarly induced in volunteers immunized with the highly efficacious yellow fever vaccine. Therefore, a chemically defined PRR agonist like poly ICLC can be a reliable and authentic microbial mimic for inducing innate immune responses in humans.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Poly-ic"

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Wu, Jesse 1972. "Towards a poly-phon-ic environment." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70865.

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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1998.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 96-99).<br>This thesis explores an architectural/landscape environment where polyphonic metaphors are the means for exploration and investigation. Polyphonic, as described in musical definitions/ terms, is the style of composition in which two or more distinctly independent but organically related parts sound against one another. This combination produces associations within the piece that relate to various time lengths and musical instruments when particular musical motives, specifically melodic lines, play against one another. An interdependent relationship between the lines, a vertical association, is referred as harmony, while an interdependent relationship within the lines, a horizontal relationship, is referred as melody. The significance of this metaphorical association with architectural form is the opportunity to create an architectural vocabulary that is exemplified by its richness and diversity of spatial, material, and subconsciousness qualities that moves beyond music's time sequential nature. It is an attempt to provide an environment that exhibits polyphonic qualities in a space-time sequence. Inherent to achieve these qualities, several issues must be considered. This includes; territorial definition and exchange (privacies vs. public), materiality decisions, physical reciprocity, lighting intentions ... etc. The vehicle for these studies will be a chamber music facility programmed for both practice and performance. It is a place where chamber groups or individual performers have decisions to select a place appropriate for their "style" of performance beyond the traditional enclosed concert hall.<br>by Jesse Wu.<br>M.Arch.
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Bulsara, Daksha. "The effects of Poly IC and human interferon #alpha# on rat hepatic CYP4A1 and CYP2E1." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334347.

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Gerarduzzi, Casimiro. "Poly IC induced antiviral responses of type I IFNs alter thymopoietic processes in mice : an apoptotic liaison." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=97960.

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Type I IFNs modulate the onset of immune responses against viruses through the activation of numerous rapid signaling pathways. Although beneficial on specific infected cells, administered IFNs were shown to decrease thymic cellularity. Herein, we developed a murine model treated with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly IC) to dissect the mechanisms and the role of in vivo produced IFNs on the thymus. Treatment induced thymic atrophy, while having no effect on the lymph nodes. However, under chronic conditions, we observed a complete thymic replenishment. These findings should be the result of a LPS contamination, since the use of a new certified LPS-free Poly IC induced a maintained thymic atrophy in time. DP (CD4+CD8+) cells were mostly affected, where part of this decrease was contributed by apoptosis. T cell receptor excision circle (TREC) levels, produced during T cell receptor (TCR) rearrangements, were unaffected, suggesting no alteration of this diversity factor. Additionally, measured up-regulation of MHC class I expression could result in aberrant thymic selections with a modification of selection ranges. Finally, using Caspase 3 KO mice, we showed that DP apoptosis was Caspase-3 independent.
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Ayari, Cherifa. "Optimisation de l'immunothérapie non spécifique du cancer superficiel de la vessie." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23499.

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Le cancer superficiel de la vessie (CSV) présente un taux élevé de récidive (60%). De ces récidives 10 à 15% progresseront vers un cancer infiltrant beaucoup plus dangereux. La résection transurétrale (RTU) des tumeurs superficielles est souvent suivie d’immunothérapie intravésicale par le BCG (Bacille-Calmette-Guérin) afin de prévenir la récidive et la progression ; cependant ce traitement échoue dans 40% des cas. De plus, la sévérité des effets secondaires empêche plusieurs patients de tolérer un traitement complet. La prédiction de la réponse au BCG et le développement de traitements alternatifs s’avèrent donc nécessaires. Nous avons d’abord évalué la signification clinique de la présence de cellules dendritiques matures infiltrant la tumeur (CDIT) et de macrophages associés aux tumeurs (MAT) dans des CSV à bas risque, traités seulement par RTU. La présence de CDIT a permis d’identifier des patients à risque élevé de progression. Chez des patients à haut risque de récidive et de progression traités au BCG, nous avons observé que ceux qui ont un haut niveau d'infiltration par des CDIT ou des MAT ne répondaient pas efficacement au BCG. Dans un deuxième volet, j’ai exploré la possibilité d’utiliser d’autres agents théarapeutiques pouvant se combiner au BCG ou le remplacer pour stimuler la réponse antitumorale. Pour un tel rôle j’ai choisi les agonistes des Toll-like receptors (TLR). Les TLR, principalement exprimés par les cellules du système immunitaire et quelques cellules épithéliales, jouent un rôle important dans l’immunité innée en reconnaissant des motifs moléculaires conservés de pathogènes. J’ai d’abord montré que les TLR sont exprimés et fonctionnels dans des cellules urothéliales normales et tumorales. Par la suite, j’ai démontré que le poly(I :C), agoniste du TLR3, a un effet cytotoxique et antiprolifératif direct sur des lignées de cancer de vessie. Dans les cellules MGH-U3, il induit également la sécrétion de cytokines pro-inflammatoires et induit fortement l’expression des molécules du CMH de classe I alors que le BCG a très peu d’effet sur l’immunogénicité de ces cellules. Un essai d’inhibition de croissance tumorale utilisant le modèle de cancer de vessie murin MBT-2 a montré que l’utilisation combinée du BCG et du poly(I :C) inhibe très significativement la croissance tumorale alors que chacun des produits utilisés seuls n’avait pas d’effet significatif. Notre étude suggère que le poly(I :C) dû à ses effets anti-néoplasiques pourrait améliorer l’efficacité thérapeutique du BCG dans l’immunothérapie du CSV.<br>Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is characterized by a high rate of recurrence (60%). Ten to fiftheen % of the recurrences will progress toward muscle-invasive tumors, which are more dangerous. Transurethral resection (TUR) of non-muscle invasive tumors is frequently followed by intravesical immunotherapy using BCG (bacillus Calmette-Guérin) to prevent recurrence and progression but this treatment fails in 40% of cases. Moreover, the severity of the side effects prevents many patients to comply with the whole treatment. Tools to predict the response to BCG and the development of alternative treatments are therefore required. We first evaluated the clinical significance of the presence of tumor infiltrating mature dendritic cells (TIDCs) and of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in low-risk NMIBCs treated only by TUR. The presence of TIDCs allowed the identification of patients that were at high risk of progression. In patients with NMIBCs at high risk of recurrence and progression treated with BCG, we observed that those with a high level of MAT or TIDC infiltration did not respond efficiently to BCG. In the second part of my work, I have explored the possibility to use other immunomodulatory agents to replace or complement BCG immunotherapy. I therefore selected toll-like receptors (TLRs) agonists for this purpose. TLRs, which are mainly expressed in immune cells but also epithelial cells, play an important role in the innate immunity by recognizing molecular patterns that are conserved between pathogens. I have first showed that TLRs are expressed and functional in normal and tumor urothelial cells. Then, I showed that poly(I:C), a TLR3 agonsist, has direct cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects on bladder cancer cell lines. In MGH-U3 cells, it induces the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and expression of major histocompatibility class I molecules whereas BCG has little effect on the immunogenicity of these cells. A growth inhibition assay using the MBT-2 murine bladder cancer model showed that the combination of poly(I:C) and BCG inhibited very significantly the growth of bladder cancer cells whereas each product alone had no significant effect. Our study suggests that poly(I:C), due to its anti-tumoral effects, could improve the therapeutic efficacy of BCG for the immunotherapy of NMIBCs.
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Chung, Han-Hsuan, and 鍾瀚璿. "Effect of poly IC and ribavirin against enterovirus 71 infection in human neural cells." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23258391204891462331.

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碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>醫學檢驗生物技術學系碩博士班<br>96<br>Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is the main causative agent of hand-foot-mouth disease, herpangina and has been associated with severe neurological disease like meningitis, encephalitis resulting in high mortalities. There is no effective antiviral drug could be used to cure the infection of EV71. In this study, we choose the interferon inducer poly IC and ribavirin to evaluate their effects on EV71 infection of human neuron cells. First, we selected two neural cell lines, SK-N-SH and U118MG to set up an in vitro EV71 infection model. We found EV71 infection in both cell lines induced the formation of cytopathic effect. EV71 antigen was also detected in the cytoplasm of EV71-infected cells. In addition, inflammatory cytokines such as macrophage migration inhibitory factor and interleukin-8 were increased in EV71-infected cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Treatment of poly IC could reduce the viral titer and inflammatory cytokines and increase the cell viability in SK-N-SH but not in U118MG cells. Ribavirin, on the other hand, possesses antiviral activity in both cell lines against EV71 infection. However, higher cytotoxicity of ribavirin in SK-N-SH was observed. Nevertheless, Synergenic effect of the combination usage of poly IC and ribavirin against EV71 infection of neural cells was found. Therefore, the cytotoxicity of ribavirin could be reduced by the combination usage of poly-IC. These results suggest the combination usage of interferon or its inducer and ribavirin in EV71 infection may worth to be used in patients.
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Hsieh, Dong-Ru, and 謝東儒. "A Study on Multi-Gate Poly-Si Junctionless and Junctionless Accumulation Mode FinFETs for Monolithic 3-D IC Applications." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/935yfu.

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博士<br>國立交通大學<br>電子物理系所<br>107<br>In this dissertation, we have successfully fabricated and demonstrated the n-type multi-gate poly-Si junctionless FinFETs (MG JL FinFETs) and the p-type multi-gate poly-Si junctionless accumulation mode FinFETs (MG JAM FinFETs) without the use of advanced lithography tools and ammonia-related plasma treatments by a low thermal-budget approach, namely, novel sidewall image transfer (SIT) technique. This approach has some advantages: 1) the channel thickness (Tch) can be controlled simply by the poly-Si layer thickness; 2) the shape of the fin channel can be controlled effectively by the rectangular silicon nitride as hard masks; 3) the source/drain (S/D) series resistance can be reduced by a raised S/D (RS/D) configuration; and 4) CMOS-compatible low thermal-budget process. First, the n-type MG JL FinFETs and n-type MG inversion mode (IM) FinFETs with the 10-nm-wide channel width (Wch) and the high aspect ratio (A.R. = Tch/Wch ~ 3.4) have been successfully fabricated and demonstrated without the use of implantation processes. Compared with the MG IM FinFETs, the MG JL FinFETs present excellent electrical characteristics in terms of low gate overdrive voltage = 2 V, extremely near ideal subthreshold swing (S.S.) ~ 68 mV/dec., steep average subthreshold swing (A.S.S.) ~ 73 mV/dec., small drain-induced barrier lowing (DIBL) ~ 9 mV/V, superior on current (ION) ~ 140 μA/μm, extraordinarily high on/off current ratio (ION/IOFF) ~ 1.1 × 108 (VD = 1 V), and high field-effect mobility (μFE) ~ 35 cm2/Vs. Therefore, the MG JL FinFETs are the potential and feasible alternatives for monolithic 3-D IC applications. Subsequently, we have successfully fabricated and demonstrated the n-type MG JL FinFETs with different in-situ n+ doped poly-Si fin channel dimensions without the use of implantation processes. The subthreshold behavior and the threshold voltage (VTH) are highly sensitive to the channel dimensions, especially Wch. The crystallinity, carrier mobility, and effective carrier concentration (Neff) increase with an increase in in-situ n+ doped poly-Si film thicknesses. This can directly influence ION, VTH, and A.S.S. for the MG JL FinFETs. Based on an evaluation between the excellent subthreshold behavior and the superior driving current, the MG JL FinFETs with a low A.R. (~ 2.35), more positive VTH, low S.S. ~ 61 mV/dec., and low IOFF ~ 0.09 pA, are more suitable for low-power (LP) applications, furthermore, the MG JL FinFETs with a high A.R. (~ 5.30), more negative VTH and high driving current ~ 151 μA/μm, are more favorable for high-performance (HP) applications. Moreover, the MG JL FinFETs with a proper A.R. (~ 3.35) exhibit a relatively steep S.S. ~ 66 mV/dec. and the highest ION/IOFF ~ 1.2 × 108. Finally, the influence of channel doping concentrations (Nch) and thermal budget on the electrical characteristics for the p-type MG JAM FinFETs has been experimentally investigated and comprehensively discussed. Neff and VTH are highly sensitive to Nch. In p-type MG JAM FinFETs, it was found for the first time that more boron atoms can penetrate through the gate oxide from the p+ fin channel toward the n+ poly-Si gate with an increase in Nch after a higher thermal-budget S/D activation process, resulting in the aggravation in the subthreshold behavior and the positive shift in VTH. The gate oxide quality can be obviously improved by increasing nitridation temperatures (TN) from 700 °C to 800 °C in N2O ambient, leading to the improvement of S.S., the increase of ION, and the enhancement of the gate oxide breakdown E-field (EOBD). The MG JAM FinFETs by means of a proper Nch (5 × 1018 cm-3) and a lower thermal-budget process for the S/D activation as well as a suitable TN (800 °C) for the gate oxide can exhibit the steepest S.S. ~ 86 mV/dec., highest EOBD ~ 12.1 MV/cm, and a relatively high ION/IOFF ~ 7.7 × 107. Thereby, these n-type MG JL FinFETs and p-type MG JAM FinFETs are very promising candidates for monolithic 3-D IC applications.
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Conference papers on the topic "Poly-ic"

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Zhang, Jianyu, Maofa Gong, Lanbing Li, Yanping Su, and Tao Liu. "Study on Poly Phase Multifunction Energy Metering IC." In 2013 Seventh International Conference on Image and Graphics (ICIG). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icig.2013.154.

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Wolff, Martin, Sabine Bartel, Susanne Krauss-Etschmann, Heinz Fehrenbach, and Sebastian Reuter. "Poly (IC)-induced exacerbations in a murine smoke model affect DC populations." In ERS International Congress 2017 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/1393003.congress-2017.pa4459.

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Matsudai, Tomoko, Mamoru Terauchi, Makoto Yoshimi, Norio Yasuhara, Yukihiro Ushiku та Akio Nakagawa. "Evaluation of 0.3 μm Poly-Silicon CMOS Circuits for Intelligent Power IC Application". У 1997 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.1997.c-10-2.

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Qian, Zhongling, Christof Brillert, and Christian Burmer. "Lock-in Phase Mapping of Modulated Reflectance in Dynamically Operating Mixed-Signal IC Devices." In ISTFA 2012. ASM International, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2012p0217.

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Abstract The lock-in phase mapping technique with modulated reflectance is introduced for the first time. With its help, the modulated reflectance mechanisms using thermal laser in operating FETs, particularly in the pinch off region, are clarified. The free carrier absorption mechanism dominates at a high modulation frequency, while thermo-reflectance mechanisms at a low modulation frequency. In the pinch-off region, thermo-reflectance mechanism cannot be neglected due to extremely low free carrier concentration. The modulated reflectance signal was unexpectedly observed at passive poly/oxide/poly capacitance. The advantages of lockin phase mapping in dynamically operating mixed-signal IC devices are shown in several case studies.
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Ma, Shenglin, Yuliang Yi, Yaquan Tang, and Xiaomei Yu. "Design and Fabrication of Uncooled MEMS Capacitive FPA for IR Imaging." In 2008 Second International Conference on Integration and Commercialization of Micro and Nanosystems. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/micronano2008-70128.

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A new structure of MEMS Uncooled capacitive focal plane array (FPA) is presented and its thermo-mechanical behaviors are studied. A surface process with poly-silicon as a sacrificial layer was developed, and in which poly-silicon was dry etched by SF6 in an ICP system of STS. The etching rates of poly-silicon in lateral and vertical can reach 3.8 and 5.6μm/min after the optimization of the process. The process is simple and compatible with most of the IC processes.
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Hardaker, EL, MS Freeman, N. Dale, et al. "A Viral Mimetic, Poly(IC) Enhances the Inflammatory Response Elicited by Tobacco Smoke in Mice." In American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California. American Thoracic Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_meetingabstracts.a1503.

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Guo, B., L. Wen, P. Helin, et al. "Above-IC generic poly-SiGe thin film wafer level packaging and MEM device technology: Application to accelerometers." In 2011 IEEE 24th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/memsys.2011.5734434.

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Hsieh, Don-Ru, Jer-Yi Lin, Po-Yi Kuo, and Tien-Sheng Chao. "Fabrication and characterization of Pi-gate poly-Si junctionless and inversion mode Fin-FETs for 3-D IC applications." In 2016 IEEE Silicon Nanoelectronics Workshop (SNW). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/snw.2016.7578007.

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Numata, Takanori, Jun Araya, Satoko Nojiri, et al. "Inhibition Of Poly-IC Induced Human Bronchial Epithelial Cell Apoptosis By Insulin-dependent PI3-Kinase/Akt And ERK Signaling Pathways." In American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a4928.

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Wang, Mu-Chun, Zhen-Ying Hsieh, Shuang-Yuan Chen, and Heng-Sheng Huang. "Investigation of Contribution Ratio Between NBTI and HC Effects in PMOSFETs Under Deep-Submicron Process." In 2007 First International Conference on Integration and Commercialization of Micro and Nanosystems. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnc2007-21082.

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Quantifying the contribution of the hot carrier effect (HCE) and the negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) effect in PMOSFET device reliability is an urgent target, especially as the dual poly-gate implantation and the novel oxide growth recipe is derived. At this stage, the PMOS gate-oxide thickness is thinner than before, therefore, the implanted boron or BF2 is possible to penetrate from poly gate to surface channel. Furthermore, the implant source contains the plenty ionized hydrogen. This material is easily to be trapped in the gate oxide or bonded with the surface-channel silicon. The amount of interface state concentration, Nit, or oxide trap concentration, Not, is increased. As a result, the threshold voltage of the PMOSFET will be shifted away from the design target. Therefore, the source/drain current will be influenced and this PMOSFET will usually exhibit an unstable state. In the worst case, the IC chip will fail or stop working. This negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) effect has the tremendous impact to the PMOSFET performance.
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