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Journal articles on the topic 'Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) [PNIPAM]'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 March 2025

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1

Tao, Xiang Dong, Ran Zhan, and Qian Duan. "Synthesis and Property Study of Modified Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Containing Eu(III)." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 2553–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.2553.

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Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)(PNIPAM) with terminal aromatic groups were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), using N-isopropylacrylamide as monomer and phenyl 2-chloropropionate, (4’-phenyl)phenyl 2-chloropropionate and (2’,6’-diphenyl)phenyl 2-chloropropionate as initators. Then novel functional complexes of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and Eu(III) (PNIPAM-Eu(III)) with thermosensitive and fluorescent properties were synthesized and characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and fluorescence spectroscopy. Eu(III) was bonded to nitrogen and oxygen atoms in the polymer chain of PNIPAM and formed the complexes of PNIPAM-Eu(III). The lower critical solution temperatures (LCSTs) of PNIPAM-Eu(III) were slightly greater compared with that of PNIPAM. Europium(III) complexes had excellent fluorescence performance, the fluorescence spectrum present characteristic emission of Europium(III) at 613 nm.

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2

Winnik, Françoise M., Alexander Adronov, and Hiromi Kitano. "Pyrene-labeled amphiphilic poly-(N-isopropylacrylamides) prepared by using a lipophilic radical initiator: synthesis, solution properties in water, and interactions with liposomes." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 73, no. 11 (November 1, 1995): 2030–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v95-251.

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Fluorescently labeled amphiphilic poly-(N-isopropylacrylamides) (PNIPAM) substituted with a N-[4-(1-pyrenyl)butyl]-N-n-octadecyl group at the chain end were prepared by free-radical polymerization in dioxane of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) using 4,4′-azobis{4-cyano-N,N-[4-(1-pyrenyl)butyl]-n-octadecyl}pentanamide as the initiator. The solution properties of the polymers in water were studied as a function of polymer concentration and temperature. Quasi-elastic light-scattering measurements and fluorescence experiments monitoring the pyrene excimer and pyrene monomer emissions revealed the presence of multimolecular polymeric micelles below the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PNIPAM. These underwent partial, reversible reorganization as they were heated above the LCST. The interactions of the pyrene-labeled amphiphilic PNIPAM with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) liposomes have been examined in water at 25 °C. From fluorescence experiments it was established that the polymeric micelles are disrupted irreversibly upon contact with the liposomes. The anchoring of the polymer chains occurs by insertion of their hydrophobic tail within the phospholipidic bilayer, as evidenced from a large decrease of the pyrene excimer emission relative to pyrene monomer emission. The copolymers remained anchored within the bilayer as the temperature of the copolymer–liposome suspension was raised above the LCST of PNIPAM. Keywords: liposome, poly-(N-isopropylacrylamide), fluorescence, micelles.

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3

Babelyte, Migle, Laura Peciulyte, Vesta Navikaite-Snipaitiene, Joana Bendoraitiene, Volodymyr Samaryk, and Ramune Rutkaite. "Synthesis and Characterization of Thermoresponsive Chitosan-graft-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Copolymers." Polymers 15, no. 15 (July 25, 2023): 3154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15153154.

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Thermoresponsive chitosan-graft-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (CS-g-PNIPAAm) copolymers of different composition were synthesized by free-radical polymerization of chitosan (CS) and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) in aqueous solution using potassium persulfate (PPS) as an initiator. By changing the molar ratio of CS:NIPAAm from 1:0.25 to 1:10 graft copolymers with a CS backbone and different amounts of PNIPAM side chains were prepared. The chemical structure of the obtained CS-g-PNIPAAm copolymers was confirmed by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. 1H NMR spectra were also used to calculate the content of attached PNIPAAm side chains. Moreover, the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior of synthesized copolymers was assessed by cloud point, differential scanning calorimetry and particle size measurements. The aqueous solutions of copolymers containing ≥12 molar percent of PNIPAAm side chains demonstrated LCST behavior with the phase separation at around 29.0–32.7 °C. The intensity of thermoresponsiveness depended on the composition of copolymers and increased with increasing content of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) moieties. The synthesized thermoresponsive chitosan-graft-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) copolymers could be potentially applied in drug delivery systems or tissue engineering.

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4

Lima, Luiz H., Yael Morales, and Thiago Cabral. "Ocular Biocompatibility of Poly-N-Isopropylacrylamide (pNIPAM)." Journal of Ophthalmology 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5356371.

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Purpose. To study the safety of intravitreal injections of poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (pNIPAM) tissue adhesive in rabbit eyes. Methods. Twelve study rabbits received an intravitreal injection of 0.1 mL 50% pNIPAM in the right eye. Follow-up examinations included color fundus photography, fundus fluorescein angiography (FA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and electroretinography (ERG). Subsequent to the last follow-up assessment, the rabbits were sacrificed and histopathological study on the scleral incision sites was performed. Results. All study animals developed mild to moderate levels of inflammatory reaction in the conjunctiva, anterior chamber, and the anterior vitreous during the first month of follow-up. After this period, the level of the inflammatory reaction progressively decreased and completely disappeared after the third month of follow-up. The lens and cornea remained clear during the entire follow-up period. OCT and FA did not show areas of retinal damage or neovascularization. Histological and ERG studies of eyes injected with pNIPAM demonstrated absence of retinal toxicity. Conclusion. Intravitreal injections of pNIPAM were nontoxic in this animal study, and pNIPAM may be safe to be used as a bioadhesive in certain retinal diseases.

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5

Yong, Ernest Hsin Nam, Kim Yeow Tshai, Siew Shee Lim, and Ing Kong. "Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) Microgel Synthesised by Emulsion Polymerization." Solid State Phenomena 307 (July 2020): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.307.345.

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Smart polymers have been one of the most popularly studied materials owing to their capability to alter physio-chemical behaviour upon exposure to specific external stimuli. The biocompatible thermally responsive poly (N-isopropylacrylamide), PNIPAm shows reversible transition between hydrophilic-hydrophobic characteristics at the vicinity of human physiological temperature has great potential to propel the development of smart tissue engineering scaffold and drug delivery. However, the limited availability and its high cost have dampened the extent of research on this polymer. To address these challenges, the current work demonstrates an economical lab-scale polymerization of crosslinked PNIPAm and the optimised parameters to produce mono-dispersed polymer hydrogel particles were investigated. Characterisation of the synthesized PNIPAm polymer revealed particle size polydispersity index of 0.215, indicative of distribution within the mono-dispersed range, with average hydrodynamic diameter of 346.3 nm. Zeta-potential of the synthesized PNIPAm was found to be -20.6 mV, suggesting an incipient instability in terms of colloidal coagulation. Viscosity of the synthesized PNIPAm (4 wt% concentration in methanol) was 28.6 cP. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated the thermal degradation of main chain PNIPAm fell in the range of 340 to 480°C.

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6

Yoon, Jun Hyok, Taehyoung Kim, Myungeun Seo, and Sang Youl Kim. "Synthesis and Thermo-Responsive Behavior of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-b-Poly(N-vinylisobutyramide) Diblock Copolymer." Polymers 16, no. 6 (March 18, 2024): 830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16060830.

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Thermo-responsive diblock copolymer, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-block-poly(N-vinylisobutyramide) was synthesized via switchable reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and its thermal transition behavior was studied. Poly(N-vinylisobutyramide) (PNVIBA), a structural isomer of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) shows a thermo-response character but with a higher lower critical solution temperature (LCST) than PNIPAM. The chain extension of the PNVIBA block from the PNIPAM block proceeded in a controlled manner with a switchable chain transfer reagent, methyl 2-[methyl(4-pyridinyl)carbamothioylthio]propionate. In an aqueous solution, the diblock copolymer shows a thermo-responsive behavior but with a single LCST close to the LCST of PNVIBA, indicating that the interaction between the PNIPAM segment and the PNVIBA segment leads to cooperative aggregation during the self-assembly induced phase separation of the diblock copolymer in solution. Above the LCST of the PNIPAM block, the polymer chains begin to collapse, forming small aggregates, but further aggregation stumbled due to the PNVIBA segment of the diblock copolymer. However, as the temperature approached the LCST of the PNVIBA block, larger aggregates composed of clusters of small aggregates formed, resulting in an opaque solution.

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7

Deng, Zexing, Yi Guo, Xin Zhao, Tianming Du, Junxiong Zhu, Youlong Xie, Fashuai Wu, Yuheng Wang, and Ming Guan. "Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Based Electrically Conductive Hydrogels and Their Applications." Gels 8, no. 5 (May 1, 2022): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8050280.

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Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) based electrically conductive hydrogels (PNIPAM-ECHs) have been extensively studied in recent decades due to their thermal-responsive (leading to the volume change of hydrogels) and electrically conductive performance. The incorporation of conductive components into the PNIPAM hydrogel network makes it become conductive hydrogel, and as a result, the PNIPAM hydrogel could become sensitive to an electrical signal, greatly expanding its application. In addition, conductive components usually bring new stimuli-responsive properties of PNIPAM-based hydrogels, such as near-infrared light and stress/strain responsive properties. PNIPAM-ECHs display a wide range of applications in human motion detection, actuators, controlled drug release, wound dressings, etc. To summarize recent research advances and achievements related to PNIPAM-ECHs, this manuscript first reviews the design and structure of representative PNIPAM-ECHs according to their conductive components. Then, the applications of PNIPAM-ECHs have been classified and discussed. Finally, the remaining problems related to PNIPAM-ECHs have been summarized and a future research direction is proposed which is to fabricate PNIPAM-ECHs with integrated multifunctionality.

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8

Liu, Yan Zhi, Yan Liu, Su Rui Zhao, and Yi Jing Li. "Surface Redox Initiated Polymerization to Prepare the Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Coating." Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (December 2012): 1706–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.1706.

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A hydroxylated silicon substrate was modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) monolayer, followed by the surface initiated graft polymerization of the N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm). The microstructure of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) coating was examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively. And the results showed that about 50 nm thickness of PNIPAm coating grafted successfully.

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9

Qiu, Xing-Ping, Evgeniya V. Korchagina, Jessica Rolland, and Françoise M. Winnik. "Synthesis of a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) charm bracelet decorated with a photomobile α-cyclodextrin charm." Polym. Chem. 5, no. 11 (2014): 3656–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3py01776a.

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10

Musial, Witold, Bojana Voncina, Janusz Pluta, and Vanja Kokol. "The Study of Release of Chlorhexidine from Preparations with Modified Thermosensitive Poly-N-isopropylacrylamide Microspheres." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/243707.

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The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the release rates of chlorhexidine (CX) base entrapped in the polymeric beads of modified poly-N-isopropylacrylamides (pNIPAMs) at temperatures below and over the volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) of synthesized polymers: pNIPAM-A with terminal anionic groups resulting from potassium persulfate initiator, pNIPAM-B with cationic amidine terminal groups, and pNIPAM-C comprising anionic terminals, but with increased hydrophobicity maintained by the N-tert-butyl functional groups. The preparations, assessed in vitro below the VPTT, release an initial burst of CX at different time periods between 120 and 240 min, followed by a period of 24 h, when the rate of release remains approximately constant, approaching the zero-order kinetics; the release rates for the polymers beads are as follows: pNIPAM-C>pNIPAM-B>pNIPAM-A. The pattern of release rates at temperature over the VPTT is as follows: pNIPAM-C>pNIPAM-A>pNIPAM-B. In the presence of pNIPAM-C, the duration between the start of the release and the attained minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for most of the microbes, in conditions over the VPTT, increased from 60 to 90 min. The release prolongation could be ascribed to some interactions between the practically insoluble CX particle and the hydrophobic functional groups of the polymer.

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11

Wei, Menglian, Wenwen Xu, Feng Gao, Xue Li, Wildemar S. P. Carvalho, Xueji Zhang, and Michael J. Serpe. "Stimuli-responsive microgels for controlled deposition of gold nanoparticles on surfaces." Nanoscale Advances 2, no. 11 (2020): 5242–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0na00656d.

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12

Suzuki, Seigo, Toshiki Sawada, Takashi Ishizone, and Takeshi Serizawa. "Affinity-based thermoresponsive precipitation of proteins modified with polymer-binding peptides." Chemical Communications 52, no. 33 (2016): 5670–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cc00594b.

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A model protein (i.e., human serum albumin) chemically modified with a 12-mer peptide with an affinity for the meso diad sequence of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) was successfully precipitated with PNIPAM above the lower critical solution temperature of PNIPAM.

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13

Liu, Qun Feng, Bo Yuan, and Xiao Feng Chen. "A Simple Method to Synthese PNIPAM Hydrogel with Improved Response Rate by Conventional Radical Crosslinking Polymerization." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 1483–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.1483.

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A kind of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) gel was synthesized by radical polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide monomer in the present of crosslinker N,N-Methylenebisacylamide using short reaction time. This kind of PNIPAM gel exhibits higher swelling ratio at low temperature and much faster deswelling rate than conventional gel, which could be attributed to the presence of loops, dangling chains and other incomplete structure in the gel caused by short reaction time.

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14

Maldonado-Valderrama, J., T. del Castillo-Santaella, I. Adroher-Benítez, A. Moncho-Jordá, and A. Martín-Molina. "Thermoresponsive microgels at the air–water interface: the impact of the swelling state on interfacial conformation." Soft Matter 13, no. 1 (2017): 230–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6sm01375a.

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15

Chumachenko, V., N. Kutsevol, Iu Harahuts, D. Soloviov, L. Bulavin, O. Yeshchenko, A. Naumenko, O. Nadtoka, and A. Marinin. "Temperature Driven Transformation in Dextran-Graft-PNIPAM/Embedded Silver Nanoparticle Hybrid System." International Journal of Polymer Science 2019 (June 12, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3765614.

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During the last decade, stimuli-responsible polymers based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) having conformational transition in the range of physiological temperature have been discussed as novel drug delivery nanosystems. A star-like copolymer with a dextran core and grafted poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) arms (D-g-PNIPAM) was synthesized, characterized, and used as a matrix for silver sol preparation. The comparative study of the behavior of individual D-g-PNIPAM and the nanohybrid system D-g-PNIPAM/silver nanoparticles has been done in the temperature range near the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). The methods of Dynamic Light Scattering, small angle X-ray scattering, and UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy have been used. The existence of single nanoparticles and aggregated nanoparticles located in a limited polymer macromolecular volume was established. The increase of the temperature leads to slight aggregation of the silver nanoparticles at the LCST transition. Single nanoparticles do not aggregate with the temperature increase. The thermally induced collapse of end-grafted poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) chains above the LCST do not affect significantly the size characteristics of silver nanoparticles incorporated into the polymer matrix.

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16

Pelton, Robert. "Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) is never hydrophobic." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 348, no. 2 (August 2010): 673–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2010.05.034.

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17

Wang, Shuang, Chonggao Liu, Heng Zhou, Chengqiang Gao, and Wangqing Zhang. "An efficient route to synthesize thermoresponsive molecular bottlebrushes of poly[o-aminobenzyl alcohol-graft-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)]." Polymer Chemistry 8, no. 12 (2017): 1932–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6py02188c.

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The thermoresponsive molecular bottlebrushes of poly[o-aminobenzyl alcohol-graft-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)] [P(oABA-g-PNIPAM)] were synthesized and their characteristic thermoresponse was demonstrated.

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18

Tong, Yudong, Yuanhao Zhang, Yangyang Liu, Haibo Cai, Weian Zhang, and Wen-Song Tan. "POSS-enhanced thermosensitive hybrid hydrogels for cell adhesion and detachment." RSC Advances 8, no. 25 (2018): 13813–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra01584h.

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19

Li, Runmei, Cong Cheng, Zhuorui Wang, Xuefan Gu, Caixia Zhang, Chen Wang, Xinyue Liang, and Daodao Hu. "Conformational Stability of Poly (N-Isopropylacrylamide) Anchored on the Surface of Gold Nanoparticles." Materials 14, no. 2 (January 18, 2021): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14020443.

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To verify the temperature sensitive failure of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) anchored on the surface of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), the UV-Vis spectra with temperature variations of the following aqueous solutions respectively containing AuNPs-PNIPAM, Au-PNIPAM/PNIPAM, PNIPAM, in different media (including salt, ethanol, HCl and cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB)), were systematically determined. The results indicated that the UV-Vis spectrum of AuNPs-PNIPAM suspension hardly changed even above the Lower Critical Solution Temperature (LCST) of PNIPAM, but that of Au-PNIPAM/PNIPAM sharply increased only in absorbance intensity. A possible mechanism of the failed temperature sensitivity of PNIPAM anchored on the surface of AuNPs was proposed. Being different from free PNIPAM molecules, a strong interaction exists among PNIPAM molecules anchored on the surface of AuNPs, restraining the change in conformation of PNIPAM. The temperature sensitivity of Au-PNIPAM/PNIPAM originates from the free PNIPAM molecules rather than the anchored PNIPAM one. The changing electrostatic interaction could effectively regulate the aggregation behavior of AuNPs-PNIPAM and enhance its sensitivity to temperature.

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20

Feng, Qiao, Ling Zhi Du, Qing Zhi Yan, and Chang Chun Ge. "Effects of Synthesis-Solvent on Characteristics of Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) Hydrogels Synthesized by Frontal Polymerization." Advanced Materials Research 295-297 (July 2011): 1193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.295-297.1193.

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The synthesis of thermo-responsive hydrogels poly(N-isopropylacrylamide )(PNIPAm) by frontal polymerization (FP) was carried out in four mixed solvents, i.e. dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) mixing with water, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran (THF) and acetone, respectively. The influences of mixed solvent on frontal parameters, pore morphologies, swelling behavior of PNIPAm hydrogels were investigated. The pore of PNIPAm hydrogel synthesized in THF/DMSO was observed a big honeycomb cells, others were channel-like cells. Furthermore, the sample obtained in THF/DMSO had higher swelling ratio as compared to others, and the one synthesized in Water/DMSO showed the lowest. Above results indicated that fine-tuned poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogels can be prepared in short time and with easy protocol by adjusting mixed solvents in frontal polymerization process.

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21

Gao, Zheng Guo, and Qian Duan. "Synthesis and Electrical Properties of End-Functionalized Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) with β-Cyclodextrin and its Ferrocene Inclusion Complex." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.64.

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The ATRP ofN-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) was carried out in DMF/water at 60 °C to afford a novel linear end-functionalized poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) with acetylatedβ-CD (AcCD-PNIPAM) and the structures of the products were characterized. The number-average molecular weight (Mn) and the polydispersity index (PDI) of the polymer were obtained from gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis. The end-functionalized PNIPAM withβ-CD (CD-PNIPAM) was obtained by deacetylation from AcCD-PNIPAM. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) for the aqueous solutions of CD-PNIPAM, measured by means of ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), was 4~5 °C higher than that of AcCD-PNIPAM. Ferrocene was included into CD-PNIPAM with mole ratio of 1:1 and the inclusion complex was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) technology.

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22

Huo, Dong Xia, Yana Li, and Takaomi Kobayashi. "Temperature-pH Controlled Uptake and Release of Bovine Serum Albumin Protein in Environmental Sensitive Microgel Based on Crosslinked Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid)." Advanced Materials Research 11-12 (February 2006): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.11-12.299.

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Monodispersed poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (PNIPAM/AAc) microgels with acrylic acid (AAc) and N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAAm) were prepared by surfactant-free emulsion polymerization. It was found for the PNIPAM microgel that bovine serum albumin (BSA) could be loaded and released depending on temperature. The microgel of PNIPAM/AAc showed that the uptake and release of BSA was controlled by both pH and temperature.

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23

Zhu, Peng-Wei, and Luguang Chen. "Conformational collapse of spherical poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) brushes under the constraint of bound micelles." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 46 (2017): 31362–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp06406c.

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24

Zhang, Ping, and Shan Shan Wu. "Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide)-Modified Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles." Advanced Materials Research 771 (September 2013): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.771.141.

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This paper reports a surface functional polymer- poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) was grafted on the surface of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. It has been demonstrated that Reversible addition fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) agent was successfully grafted onto the surface of ZnO. PNIPAM chains were successfully grafted from the surface of ZnO via RAFT process by using RAFT agent immobilized on ZnO. The effect of surface modification on the size, structure, morphology, and properties of ZnO nanoparticles was investigated. The thickness of a PNIPAM monolayer bound to the ZnO core is somewhat larger than the size of the random coil of the corresponding free PNIPAM in aqueous solution, which suggests that the conformation of a PNIPAM chain bound to the ZnO core is extended.

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Xu, Xiaomin, Yang Liu, Wenbo Fu, Mingyu Yao, Zhen Ding, Jiaming Xuan, Dongxiang Li, Shengjie Wang, Yongqing Xia, and Meiwen Cao. "Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-Based Thermoresponsive Composite Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications." Polymers 12, no. 3 (March 5, 2020): 580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12030580.

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Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM)-based thermosensitive hydrogels demonstrate great potential in biomedical applications. However, they have inherent drawbacks such as low mechanical strength, limited drug loading capacity and low biodegradability. Formulating PNIPAM with other functional components to form composited hydrogels is an effective strategy to make up for these deficiencies, which can greatly benefit their practical applications. This review seeks to provide a comprehensive observation about the PNIPAM-based composite hydrogels for biomedical applications so as to guide related research. It covers the general principles from the materials choice to the hybridization strategies as well as the performance improvement by focusing on several application areas including drug delivery, tissue engineering and wound dressing. The most effective strategies include incorporation of functional inorganic nanoparticles or self-assembled structures to give composite hydrogels and linking PNIPAM with other polymer blocks of unique properties to produce copolymeric hydrogels, which can improve the properties of the hydrogels by enhancing the mechanical strength, giving higher biocompatibility and biodegradability, introducing multi-stimuli responsibility, enabling higher drug loading capacity as well as controlled release. These aspects will be of great help for promoting the development of PNIPAM-based composite materials for biomedical applications.

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Huling, Jennifer, Katharina Wulf, Sabine Illner, Niels Grabow, and Michael Teske. "Characterization of Ball-milled Poly(Nisopropylacrylamide) Nanogels." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 8, no. 2 (August 1, 2022): 360–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2022-1092.

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Abstract Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) hydrogels are one of the most commonly studied thermoresponsive biomaterials. In this work, we investigate ball milling as a method of producing PNIPAM nanogels and confirm that the temperature responsiveness is maintained in the nanogel form based on hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential measurements.

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27

Yang, Li-Ping, and Cai-Yuan Pan. "One-Pot Synthetic Strategy to Core Cross-Linked Micelles with pH-Sensitive Cross-Linked Cores and Temperature-Sensitive Shells through RAFT Polymerization." Australian Journal of Chemistry 59, no. 10 (2006): 733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch06246.

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Functional micelles with a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) shell and a cross-linked poly((acrylic acid)-co-(ethylene glycol diacrylate)) core have been successfully prepared in one pot by the reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerization of acrylic acid and ethylene glycol diacrylate in selective solvent using PNIPAM-SC(S)Ph as a RAFT agent. Since PNIPAM and poly(acrylic acid) are temperature- and pH-sensitive polymers, respectively, the micelles obtained should display double environmental sensitivity to temperature and pH in water.

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28

Zhang, Linna, Shengmao Zhang, Benfang He, Zhishen Wu, and Zhijun Zhang. "TiO2 Nanoparticles Functionalized by a Temperature-sensitive Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM): Synthesis and Characterization." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 63, no. 8 (August 1, 2008): 973–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2008-0809.

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TiO2 nanoparticles functionalized by poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), PNIPAM in short, were prepared via seeded emulsion polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) in the presence of N,N´-methylene-bis(acrylamide) (MBAA) as the crosslinking monomer. The morphology and structure of the TiO2/PNIPAM hybrid hydrogel were characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and FT infrared spectroscopy. The response of the composite to temperature variations was also investigated. The results indicate that the title inorganic/organic hybrid has a sphere-like shape and is composed of inorganic TiO2 nanoparticles and a biocompatible polymer matrix, showing excellent thermosensitivity, as evident from relevant optical photographs at different temperatures. The thermosensitive TiO2 nanoparticles doped in PNIPAM matrix may have potential application in the remediation of wastewater streams.

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29

Han, Yufen, Jiaqian Li, Xiaojin Zhang, Fan Xia, and Yu Dai. "Reversible down-regulation and up-regulation of catalytic activity of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-anchored gold nanoparticles." Nanotechnology 33, no. 16 (January 24, 2022): 165601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ac487b.

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Abstract Regulating catalytic activity plays an important role in further optimizing and developing multifunctional catalysts with high selectivity and high activity. Reversible dual regulation of catalytic activity has always been a challenging task. Here, we prepared poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-anchored gold nanoparticles (AuNP@CDs-Azo-PNIPAM) through host-guest interaction of cyclodextrin capped gold nanoparticles (AuNP@CDs) and azobenzene-terminated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (Azo-PNIPAM). Azo-PNIPAM as thermal and light responsive ligand allows reversible dual regulation of catalytic activity. When the temperature is higher than the lowest critical solution temperature, the PNIPAM chain shrinks rapidly, increasing the steric hindrance around AuNPs and reducing the catalytic activity. Under ultraviolet light irradiation, cis-azobenzene disassembles from cyclodextrin and the number of surface active sites of AuNPs increases, which improves the catalytic activity. The reaction rate of UV irradiation is almost 1.3 times that of visible light irradiation. This work provides a simple and effective strategy for the construction of reversible catalysts.

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Sargur Ranganath, Anupama, V. Anand Ganesh, Kostiantyn Sopiha, Rahul Sahay, and Avinash Baji. "Investigation of wettability and moisture sorption property of electrospun poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) nanofibers." MRS Advances 1, no. 27 (2016): 1959–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.164.

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ABSTRACTPoly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) has been used extensively for numerous biomedical applications. However, there is not enough information in the literature on the wettability and hygroscopic properties of electrospun PNIPAM fibers, relevant for water harvesting applications. This study focuses on investigating the wettability and hygroscopic properties of electrospun PNIPAM fibers at room temperature and elevated temperature. The wettability properties of electrospun PNIPAM fibers were compared to spin-coated PNIPAM thin films. The wettability properties of the electrospun fibers were enhanced by 56% compared to spin-coated films. Water contact angle (WCA) measured on electrospun fibers was determined to be 137° at elevated temperatures while WCA on spin cast PNIPAM film was determined to be 81° at elevated temperatures. Furthermore, hygroscopic properties of the electrospun PNIPAM fibers were studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The PNIPAM fibers are seen to exhibit moisture absorption capacity of about 16.6 wt. % under humid conditions.

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Narang, Payal, and Pannuru Venkatesu. "New endeavours involving the cooperative behaviour of TMAO and urea towards the globular state of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)." RSC Advances 7, no. 54 (2017): 34023–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra05120d.

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Yan, Qiong Jiao. "Preparation and Thermosensitivity of Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) Hydrogels with Graded Structure." Advanced Materials Research 568 (September 2012): 400–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.568.400.

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A novel graded hydrogel based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), which is characterized with both ends of slightly cross-linked PNIPAM chains being grafted onto cross-linked PNIPAM chains, has been successfully prepared in a three-step process by a method of sequential synthesis for the first time in this paper. In the preparation of the graded hydrogels, with decreasing the crosslinker dosage, the swelling ratio of the hydrogel increased. The graded hydrogel displays faster and hydration/dehydration dynamic response to temperature cycling owing to slightly cross-linked PNIPAM chains to form big-hole structure. The proposed hydrogel structure provide a new mode of the phase transition behavior for thermo-sensitive "smart" or "intelligent" monodisperse micro-actuators, which is highly attractive for targeting drug delivery systems, chemical separations, sensors and so on.

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33

Rosi, Comez, Sassi, Bertoldo, Buratti, Petrillo, Paciaroni, Corezzi, and Orecchini. "Tuning the Fast Dynamics of PNIPAM-Based Systems with Bio-Cosolvents." Proceedings 26, no. 1 (September 5, 2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019026019.

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34

Pan, Yuanyuan, Qiang Wu, Yuyan Weng, Xiaohua Zhang, Zhaohui Yang, Jianqiang Meng, and Ophelia K. C. Tsui. "Declined ionic flux through the nano-pores of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes filled with PNIPAm hydrogel." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 20 (2015): 11111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta01749a.

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35

THUAN, DOAN VAN, HIEU-VU QUANG, BUI LE MINH, PHAM VAN THINH, MD RAFIQUL ISLAM, VAN THI THANH HO, and DUY TRINH NGUYEN. "Chemically Modified Hydroxyapatite Nanocrystals by Temperature-Responsive Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) via Surface Initiated Radical Polymerization." Asian Journal of Chemistry 31, no. 6 (April 29, 2019): 1221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2019.21769.

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This article reports on application of surface-initiated thiol-lactam initiated radical polymerization (TLIRP) method to modify hydroxyapatite nanocrystals (HAP) with thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) brushes through grafting from strategy. Initially, 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane possessing thiol groups was functionalized with the -OH species on the surface of hydroxyapatite through ligand-exchanging response to introduce thiol species on hydroxyapatite (hydroxyapatite-thiol). Subsequently, attaching polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide from HAP-SH surface was accomplished in the attendance of butyrolactam to produce PNIPAAmg-HAP. Thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and their thermal phase transition behaviour were employed to confirm the grafting and to characterize the nanoparticle structure.

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Zhang, Jingjing, Qiuli Huang, Chungui Du, Rui Peng, Yating Hua, Qi Li, Ailian Hu, and Junhui Zhou. "Preparation and Anti-Mold Properties of Nano-ZnO/Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Composite Hydrogels." Molecules 25, no. 18 (September 10, 2020): 4135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25184135.

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The aim of this study was to overcome drawbacks of the inhomogeneous dispersion and facile agglomeration of nano-ZnO/poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) composite hydrogels (nano-ZnO/PNIPAm composite hydrogels) during synthesis and improve the anti-mold property of the nano-ZnO/PNIPAm composite hydrogels. Here, nano-ZnO/PNIPAm composite hydrogels were prepared by the radical polymerization method. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were used to characterize the effects of different dispersants on the particle sizes, dispersions, and phase transition characteristics of the nano-ZnO/PNIPAm composite hydrogels. The anti-mold properties of nano-ZnO/PNIPAm composite hydrogels were studied. Results revealed that the nano-ZnO/PNIPAm composite hydrogel prepared by the addition of nano-ZnO dispersion liquid exhibited the smallest particle size, the most homogeneous dispersion, and the highest stability. The addition of the dispersant did not change the phase transition characteristics of nano-ZnO/PNIPAm, and the nano-ZnO/PNIPAm composite hydrogels (Pf) exhibited good anti-mold properties to the bamboo mold.

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Qian, Sijia, Shenzhen Li, Weifeng Xiong, Habib Khan, Jing Huang, and Wangqing Zhang. "A new visible light and temperature responsive diblock copolymer." Polymer Chemistry 10, no. 36 (2019): 5001–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9py01050e.

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A visible light and temperature responsive diblock copolymer of poly[6-(2,6,2′,6′-tetramethoxy-4′-oxyazobenzene) hexyl methacrylate]-block-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PmAzo-b-PNIPAM) was synthesized via RAFT polymerization by carefully tuning the polymerization conditions.

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Gao, Guangzheng, Muzaffer A. Karaaslan, John F. Kadla, and Frank Ko. "Enzymatic synthesis of ionic responsive lignin nanofibres through surface poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) immobilization." Green Chem. 16, no. 8 (2014): 3890–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4gc00757c.

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Surface modification of electrospun lignin nanofibres with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) was conducted through surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRPase) using various biocatalysts under aqueous conditions.

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Santhamoorthy, Madhappan, Thi Tuong Vy Phan, Vanaraj Ramkumar, Chaitany Jayprakash Raorane, Kokila Thirupathi, and Seong-Cheol Kim. "Thermo-Sensitive Poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-polyacrylamide) Hydrogel for pH-Responsive Therapeutic Delivery." Polymers 14, no. 19 (October 2, 2022): 4128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14194128.

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Stimuli-response polymeric nanoparticles have emerged as a carrier system for various types of therapeutic delivery. In this study, we prepared a dual pH- and thermo-sensitive copolymer hydrogel (HG) system (PNIPAm-co-PAAm HG), using N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAm) and acrylamide (AAm) as comonomers. The synthesized PNIPAm-co-PAAm HG was characterized using various instrumental characterizations. Moreover, the PNIPAm-co-PAAm HG’s thermoresponsive phase transition behavior was investigated, and the results showed that the prepared HG responds to temperature changes. In vitro drug loading and release behavior of PNIPAm-co-PAAm HG was investigated using Curcumin (Cur) as the model cargo under different pH and temperature conditions. The PNIPAm-co-PAAm HG showed pH and temperature-responsive drug release behavior and demonstrated about 65% Cur loading efficiency. A nearly complete release of the loaded Cur occurred from the PNIPAm-co-PAAm HG over 4 h at pH 5.5 and 40 °C. The cytotoxicity study was performed on a liver cancer cell line (HepG2 cells), which revealed that the prepared PNIPAm-co-PAAm HG showed good biocompatibility, suggesting that it could be applied as a drug delivery carrier. Moreover, the in vitro cytocompatibility test (MTT assay) results revealed that the PNIPAm-co-PAAm HG is biocompatible. Therefore, the PNIPAm-co-PAAm HG has the potential to be useful in the delivery of drugs in solid tumor-targeted therapy.

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Pang, Bo, Rui Liu, Guang Han, Wei Wang, and Wangqing Zhang. "The synthesis of thermoresponsive POSS-based eight-arm star poly(N-isopropylacrylamide): A comparison between Z-RAFT and R-RAFT strategies." Polymer Chemistry 12, no. 14 (2021): 2063–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1py00087j.

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Liu, Yiyi, Tharaka Perera, Qianqian Shi, Zijun Yong, Sudaraka Mallawaarachchi, Bo Fan, Julia Ann-Therese Walker, et al. "Thermoresponsive chiral plasmonic nanoparticles." Nanoscale 14, no. 11 (2022): 4292–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nr08343k.

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Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) has been used to modify chiral plasmonic nanoparticles. The thermoresponsive studies reveal the impact of achiral dielectric nanoenvironment on chiral plasmonic responses.

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42

Wei, Jun Chao, Yan Feng Dai, and Yi Wang Chen. "Synthesis and Characterization of a New Type of Smart Hydroxyapatite-PNIPAM Hybrid Nanopatrticles." Advanced Materials Research 396-398 (November 2011): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.396-398.35.

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Cross-linked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) tethered Hydroxyapatite hybrid materials (HA- PNIPAM) were prepared by the ATRP reaction. The hybrid materials were characterized by FT-IR、TGA、SEM and UV spectra. The TGA results demonstrated that there was 122 g PNIPAM grafted on the surface of per 100g of HA. The UV results showed that the HA-PNIPAM have thermal responsive property around 33°C.

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43

Zhang, Yi, Jianzhou Cai, Chenghua Li, Jianye Wei, Zonghua Liu, and Wei Xue. "Effects of thermosensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) on blood coagulation." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 4, no. 21 (2016): 3733–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6tb00823b.

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Thermosensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), hydrophilic below its lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of 32 °C and hydrophobic above it, has been widely used as a drug and gene delivery system with intelligent temperature-responsivity.

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44

Feng, Qian, Dongyan Tang, Haitao Lv, Weile Zhang, and Wenbo Li. "Temperature-responsive zinc oxide nanorods arrays grafted with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) via SI-ATRP." RSC Advances 5, no. 76 (2015): 62024–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra07301d.

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Nanocomposites based on ZnO nanorods, with photocatalysis and temperature responsibility, could be fabricated by grafting poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) PNIPAM via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP).

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45

Wang, Fei, Tiexin Cheng, and Guangdong Zhou. "Thermoplastic Polyurethane-Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) Copolymer for Selective Uptake of Alcohol from Aqueous Solution." Materials 17, no. 12 (June 7, 2024): 2795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17122795.

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Ethanol possesses high economic value, but as an industrial waste, it poses harm to human health and the environment. The paper describes the preparation of a thermoplastic polyurethane-poly (n-isopropylacrylamide) (TPU-PNIPAM) copolymer designed to selectively uptake alcohol in aqueous solution. The material was created by bonding TPU and PNIPAM together through intermolecular hydrogen bonds, enhancing its hydrophobic properties and making it easier to interact with alcohol molecules. As the amount of PNIPAM in TPU increases, the number of hydrophobic isopropyl groups in TPU-PNIPAM also increases, leading to an enhanced selective uptake ability of TPU-PNIPAM for alcohols in aqueous solution. When the temperature reaches 55 °C, the hydrophobic groups in TPU-PNIPAM are more exposed, further enhancing the selective uptake ability of TPU-PNIPAM for alcohols in aqueous solution. TPU-PNIPAM demonstrates selective preferential uptake for various concentrations and types of alcohol in aqueous solutions. The material’s selective uptake performance for alcohols increases with their hydrophobicity, so TPU-PNIPAM exhibited the best adsorption performance for a 10 wt% n-propanol solution under the combined effect of steric hindrance. In addition, TPU-PNIPAM exhibited selective adsorption for other organic solvents, which demonstrated the universality of TPU-PNIPAM in removing contaminants from aqueous solutions.

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46

Zhang, Xiao-Yan, Yan Zheng, Chun-Hua Liu, Ping-Hua Wang, and Yuan-Yuan Zhu. "Facile and large scale in situ synthesis of the thermal responsive fluorescent SiNPs/PNIPAM hydrogels." RSC Advances 6, no. 60 (2016): 55666–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra09534h.

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A new type of F-SiNPs/poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (F-SiNPs/PNIPAM) hydrogel was prepared byin situpolymerization. The composite hydrogels display visible thermal-sensitive phase transition properties.

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Jain, Kamiya, Raman Vedarajan, Masaki Watanabe, Mamoru Ishikiriyama, and Noriyoshi Matsumi. "Tunable LCST behavior of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide/ionic liquid) copolymers." Polymer Chemistry 6, no. 38 (2015): 6819–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5py00998g.

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Pica, Andrea, and Giuseppe Graziano. "On urea's ability to stabilize the globule state of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 21 (2016): 14426–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp07507f.

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Zhang, Cancan, Man Yang, and Kongshuang Zhao. "Insight into the effect mechanism of urea-induced protein denaturation by dielectric spectroscopy." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 47 (2017): 32007–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp05994a.

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Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy was applied to study how urea affects the phase transition of a thermosensitive polymer, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), which has been widely used as a protein model. The interaction mechanism of PNIPAM and urea in different concentration regions and the deduction of urea-induced protein denaturation mechanism was presented.

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Cao, Mengjiao, Guang Han, Wenfeng Duan, and Wangqing Zhang. "Synthesis of multi-arm star thermo-responsive polymers and topology effects on phase transition." Polymer Chemistry 9, no. 19 (2018): 2625–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8py00422f.

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Linear and star thermo-responsive polymers of poly(N-acryloylsarcosine methyl ester) [(PNASME)_n] and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) [(PNIPAM)_n] with arm number n = 1, 2, 3 and 4 were synthesized following a core-first method via solution RAFT polymerization employing a series of mono- and multi-functional chain transfer agents.

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