Academic literature on the topic 'Poly-thiophen'

Two thiophene derivatives 4,4'-di (thiophen-2-yl) biphenyl and 4,4'-di (thiophen-2-yl) -2-nitrobiphenyl ,which were used as monomers for preparing poly (4,4'-di (thiophen-2-yl) biphenyl) (DPBT) and poly (4,4'-di (thiophen-2-yl)-2-nitrobiphenyl) (DPNT) by ferric chloride oxidation polymerization, were synthesized via Suzuki reaction with 4,4'-dibromobiphenyl as the raw material. UV-vis absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra, photoluminescence spectra and electrochemical properties of the polymers were recorded and used for calculating the band-gap (Eg), HOMO orbital energy (EHOMO) and LUMO orbital energy (ELUMO) of the polymers. The calculation results indicated that attaching an electron-withdrawing group such as-NO2to the main chain can lower band-gap and increase the maximum absorption wavelength.

Two new π-conjugated polymers (Poly[(N-10’-(octan-3-yl)-phenothiazin-3,7-ylene)-alt- (4’,7’-bis(thiophen-2-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole)] (PoPTZ-BT-BTD), Poly[(N-10`-(octan-3-yl) -phenothiazin-3,7-ylene)-alt-(4’,7’-bis(thiophen-2-yl)-5,6-bis(octyloxy)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole)] (PoPTZ-BT-BoBTD) ) were synthesized through the Suzuki coupling reaction for organic photovoltaics (OPVs), and their optical and electrochemical properties were analyzed. Their wavelength of maximun absorption was 526 nm and 506 nm in solution state, repectively, and 560 nm and 522 nm in film state, respectively. Their band-gap energy was 2.01 eV and 2.09 eV in solution state, and 1.82 eV and 1.91 eV in film state, respectively. The results of analysis of the chrateristics of photovoltaics, 0.79 % and 0.99 % of the maximum power conversion efficiencies (PCE), repectively.

Superparamagnetic nanosorbent poly(phenyl(4-(6-thiophen-3-yl-hexyloxy)-benzylidene)-amine)/Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄@P3TArH) were successfully synthesized via a simplistic method for the enhanced extraction of potent endocrine disruptor, di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP).

Recently, increased attention has been focused on the synthesis of soluble and processable conducting polymers due to interest in their potential application. For this purpose a new type electroactive 2,5-di(2-thienyl)pyrrole derivative was synthesized and its novel solution-processable and fluorescent polymer, namely poly(N-(2,5-di(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-3,4,5-tris(dodecyloxy benzamide) (P(TPDOB)), was electrochemically synthesized.

We have investigated the effect of diluting treatment of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophen e):poly (styrene sulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS) solution on the PEDOT:PSS films and the organic polymer solar cells based on poly [4,8-bis (5-(2-ethylhexyl) thiophen-2-yl) benzo [1,2-b;4,5-b0] dithiophene-co-3-fluorothieno [3,4-b] thiophene-2-carboxylate](PTB7-Th):[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) using PEDOT:PSS polymer as the hole transport layer. The diluted PEDOT:PSS solution by water with 1:1.5 volume ratio was used to fabricate the hole transport layer in the organic solar cell, the fill factor and the shunt resistance of the solar cell can be significantly enhanced compared with the control cell, up to 64% and 949.03Ω·cm2, respectively.

Das Hauptaugenmerk dieser Arbeit liegt auf der Entwicklung einer Hybridsolarzelle, in der der anorganische Halbleiter Silizium, das organische Polymer und das Kontaktsystem so aufeinander abgestimmt sind, dass ihre Kombination zu einem Bauelement mit hohem Wirkungsgrad führt. Um dieses Ziel zu erreichen wurden verschiedene Maßnahmen ergriffen. Neue Polymermaterialien, abgeleitet von dem prototypischen organischen Halbleiter poly(3-hexylthiophen 2,5 diyl) (P3HT), namentlich poly(3-[3,6-dioxaheptyl]-thiophen) (P3DOT) und poly(3-[2,5,8-trioxanonyl]-thiophen) (P3TOT), wurden umfassend hinsichtlich ihrer Struktur untersucht. Poly thiophen/c-Si hybride Solarzellen, hergestellt aus diesen neuen Polymeren, erreichten Effizienzen bis zu 11 %. Die vollständigen Banddiagramme dieser Poly thiophen/c-Si Hybridgrenzflächen wurden mittels Photoelektronenspektroskopie aufgenommen. Außerdem wurde der Einfluss des Kontaktsystems auf die darunter liegenden Schichten mittels Oberflächenspannungsspektroskopie untersucht. Das Resultat dieser Messungen weißt eine Inversionslage unter der Siliziumoberfläche nach, die sich aufgrund des verwendeten semitransparenten Metallkontaktes formt. Dadurch lassen sich diese Bauteile als MIS Inversionsschicht Solarzelle kategorisieren. Um die Hybridsolarzellen weiter zu verbessern, wurde versucht den semitransparenten Metallkontakt durch Graphen zu ersetzen. Das Graphen wurde durch einen CVD-Prozess gewachsen und erreichte eine laterale Ausdehnung von bis zu 1 cm2. Der Übertrag auf die Solarzelle erfolgte mittels eines Wasser und Zerstörungsfreiem Transferprozess. Trotz dem erfolgreichen Aufbringen des Graphen limitierte ein geringer Füllfaktor aufgrund der geringen Ladungsträgerdichte im Graphen den Wirkungsgrad der Solarzelle. In einem letzten Schritt wurde das Polymer P3HT zum ersten Mal mit polykristallinen Siliziumabsorbern kombiniert. Die invertierte Zellstruktur, die hierbei zu Anwendung kam, erhöhte die Lebensdauer der Solarzelle erheblich.
The scope of this thesis was the development of a hybrid solar cell based on silicon in which the inorganic semiconductor, the organic polymer and the contact system are combined in such a manner to result in a photovoltaic device with high power conversion efficiency. To reach this goal several measures were taken. New polymer materials derived from the prototypical organic semiconductor poly(3-hexylthiophene 2,5 diyl) (P3HT), namely poly(3-[3,6-dioxaheptyl]-thiophene) (P3DOT) and poly(3-[2,5,8-trioxanonyl]-thiophene) (P3TOT), were extensively characterized regarding its structural properties. Poly thiophene/c-Si hybrid solar cells fabricated from these new polymers exhibited power conversion efficiencies up to 11 %. The energy level alignment of these poly thiophene/c Si hybrid interfaces was studied using photoelectron spectroscopy. Furthermore, the influence of the contact system on the underlying wafer is investigated with surface photovoltage measurements. The measurements revealed the formation of an inversion layer beneath the silicon surface due to the semitransparent metal contact used in the devices. Therefore, these devices can be classified as MIS inversion layer solar cells. To further improve the hybrid poly thiophene/c-Si solar cells by substituting the semitransparent metal contact, graphene was implemented in the device design as a transparent front contact. The CVD grown graphene sheet had a lateral size of up to 1 cm2 and was applied onto the solar cell using a non-destructive and water-free transfer process. However, despite the successful transfer the power conversion efficiency was restricted by the low fill factor due to a low charge carrier density in the graphene. As a last step, hybrid solar cells in the combination P3HT/polycrystalline silicon absorbers on glass were fabricated for the first time. The inverted device structure used for these solar cells proved beneficial for the lifetime. These devices were stable for up to 3 months.