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Journal articles on the topic 'Polycondensation technique'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

S., H. Kavthia, G. Manwar B., and H. Parsania P. "Synthesis and characterization of cardo co polyester of 9,9' -bis( 4-hydroxy phenyl) anthrone-10 and 1,1'-bis(R,4-hydroxy phenyl) cyclohexane with terephthaloyl chloride." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 82, Jul 2005 (2005): 620–24. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5830418.

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Department of Chemistry, Saurashtra University, Rajkot-360 005, India <em>E-mail </em>: phparsania@sancharnet.in <em>Manuscript received 20 August 2003, revised 24 February 2005, accepted 23 March 2005</em> Cardo copolyesters of (50 : 50 mole compositions) 9,9'-bis(4-hydroxy phenyl) anthrone-10 and 1,1'-bis (R,4-hydroxy phenyl) cyclohexane with terephthaloyl chloride (CP-1 : R = H and CP-2 : R = CH<sub>3</sub>) have been synthesized by interfacial poly-condensation technique by using water-chloroform as an interphase, alkali as an acid acceptor and sodium lauryl sulfate and benzyl dime

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2

Liang, Qing Hong, Dong Mei Yue, and Xiao Yu Li. "Synthesis of Amphiphilic Diblock Copolymer of Methoxy Poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polyester and Its Self-Assemble Behavior." Advanced Materials Research 11-12 (February 2006): 643–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.11-12.643.

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Amphiphilic diblock copolymer was synthesized in one-step or two-step process by using of methoxy polyethylene glycol (MePEG), 1,6-hexanediol and maleic anhydride and characterized by FTIR and GPC. IR spectrum of amphiphilic diblock copolymer confirmed that MePEG had grafted on polyester. Solution polycondensation, melt polycondensation, mode of adding monomers and reaction time were studied on effect of molecular weight and its distribution. The GPC results showed that fairly narrow molecular weight distribution was obtained in solution polycondensation by one-step process. In addition, self-

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3

Pal, Avishek, T. K. Dey, Kaustava Bhattacharyya, and R. C. Bindal. "Probing the charged nature and ion-exclusion mechanism of fluorine-enriched non-ionogenic polyamide derived thin film composite nanofiltration membranes." Materials Advances 1, no. 3 (2020): 403–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ma00107d.

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4

Takasu, Akinori, Yosuke Shibata, Yuuki Narukawa, and Tadamichi Hirabayashi. "Chemoselective Dehydration Polycondensations of Dicarboxylic Acids and Diols Having Pendant Hydroxyl Groups Using the Room Temperature Polycondensation Technique." Macromolecules 40, no. 2 (2007): 151–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma062514+.

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5

Zhang, Linqi, Sriharsha Karumuri, and A. Kaan Kalkan. "Ag–NYLON NANOCOMPOSITES BY DYNAMIC EMULSION POLYCONDENSATION." MRS Advances 1, no. 36 (2016): 2519–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.419.

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ABSTRACTThe present work demonstrates a novel technique for dispersing nanofillers in a thermoplastic polymer, where polymerization and dispersion of the nanofillers occur simultaneously via dynamic emulsion polycondensation at ambient temperature. The composite is manufactured in the form of a uniform powder, which can then be molded into desired shape by melting or sintering. The technique is demonstrated for Ag nanowire / Nylon 66 composites. In this demonstration, Ag nanowires are synthesized by the polyol process. Polyvinylprrolidone (PVP) is used to functionalize the Ag nanowires. Nanoco

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6

Christian, Ujvala P., and Shrikant J. Wagh. "Experimental Studies on n-Octane and Cyclohexane as Organic Solvent for Synthesis of Polyurea Microcapsules by Interfacial Polycondensation." Asian Journal of Engineering and Applied Technology 7, no. 2 (2018): 64–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajeat-2018.7.2.1006.

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Interfacial polycondensation (IP) is one of the most important step polymerization technique used for synthesis of polyurea microcapsules. IP reaction between diamine and diisocyanate monomers which are soluble in aqueous phase and organic phase respectively is very fast therefore the overall process of polyurea synthesis via interfacial polycondensation, by and large, mass transfer controlled reaction. Selection of proper organic solvent is one of the important parameter for IP reactions. The objective of this experimental work was to study the effect of n-Octane and Cyclohexane as an organic

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Kalappa, Kavitha Erra, and N. Ramalakshmi. "Cytotoxic Anti-Cancer Activity of Certain Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Poly (Ester-Amides) Containing 2, 6-Bis (Benzylidene)Cyclohexanone Moiety in the Main Chain." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 4-s (2019): 210–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i4-s.3273.

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Five thermotropic liquid crystalline poly(ester-amides) were synthesized by polycondensation method. The poly(ester-amides) were synthesized from varying dicarboxylic acids with a common diamine namely 4,4'-diaminobenzene and a common diol namely 2,6-bis(4-hydroxybenzylidene))cyclohexanone. For qualitative characterization, viscosity measurements and solubility data were used for these synthesized poly(ester-amides). The spectroscopic techniques such as FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR were performed to investigate the microstructural features of these synthesized poly(ester-amides). The thermal phase t

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8

Demir, Hacı Ökkeş, Kadem Meral, Şakir Aydoğan, Mehmet Sait Bozgeyik, and Erdal Bayır. "Synthesis, characterization and diode application of poly(4-(1-(2-phenylhydrazono)ethyl)phenol)." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 3, no. 22 (2015): 5803–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5tc00857c.

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Novel poly(phenoxy-ketimine) containing both free hydroxyl and ketimine side groups was successfully synthesized via oxidative polycondensation method. Afterwards, the poly(phenoxy-ketimine)/p-type Si junction device was fabricated by spin coating technique, and its diode behavior at the room temperature was examined by I–V and C–V measurements.

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9

Sadovskaya, Lyubov’ Yu, Tatsiana V. Sviridova, Mariya V. Morozova, and Dmitriy V. Sviridov. "Synthesis of nanodispersed titanium dioxide via pH-controlled polymerization of titanium acid." Journal of the Belarusian State University. Chemistry, no. 1 (February 21, 2019): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2520-257x-2019-1-32-37.

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The possibility of synthesis of highly photoactive nanosized titania employing ion exchange to exert control over polycondensation of titanium acid in aqueous medium has been demonstrated. The resultant spherical TiO2 nanoparticles exhibits extra high light-induced oxidation activity remaining for some time even after termination of UV illumination. The nanodispersed titania readily penetrate into the surface pores and can be used for deposition of photocatalytic coatings by impregnation technique.

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10

Danilkina, Natalia A., Petr S. Vlasov, Semen M. Vodianik, Andrey A. Kruchinin, Yuri G. Vlasov, and Irina A. Balova. "Synthesis and chemosensing properties of cinnoline-containing poly(arylene ethynylene)s." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 11 (March 20, 2015): 373–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.11.43.

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Novel poly(arylene ethynylene)s comprising a cinnoline core were prepared in high yields via a three-step methodology. A Richter-type cyclization of 2-ethynyl- and 2-(buta-1,3-diynyl)aryltriazenes was used for cinnoline ring formation, followed by a Sonogashira coupling for the introduction of trimethylsilylethynyl moieties and a sila-Sonogashira coupling as the polycondensation technique. The fluorescence of the cinnoline-containing polymers in THF was highly sensitive to quenching by Pd2+ ions.

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11

Meimaroglou, Dimitrios, Sandrine Hoppe, and Baptiste Boit. "A Novel Kinetic Modeling Framework for the Polycondensation of Sugars Using Monte Carlo and the Method of Moments." Processes 9, no. 5 (2021): 745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9050745.

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The kinetics of the hydrolysis and polycondensation reactions of saccharides have made the subject of numerous studies, due to their importance in several industrial sectors. The present work, presents a novel kinetic modeling framework that is specifically well-suited to reacting systems under strict moisture control that favor the polycondensation reactions towards the formation of high-degree polysaccharides. The proposed model is based on an extended and generalized kinetic scheme, including also the presence of polyols, and is formulated using two different numerical approaches, namely a

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12

Rusli, Nur Shahirah, and Norzita Ngadi. "Adsorptive Removal of Chromium (VI) Ions Using Cryogel Derived from Oil Palm Fronds’ Lignin." Applied Mechanics and Materials 818 (January 2016): 242–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.818.242.

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Nowadays, lignin is of special interest since it is the second most abundant biopolymer after cellulose. Given its extremely low cost and phenolic nature, lignin had become one of the leading candidates for preparing aerogels. However, production cost of carbon aerogels are considerably high due to extremely expensive supercritical drying method employed. Thus, carbon cryogels has been introduced by replacing the supercritical drying with freeze drying technique. In this study, lignin was extracted from dried and grinded oil palm fronds to be used as precursor for sol-gel polycondensation. Cry

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13

Sumera, Florentino C., Shienna Marie A. Pontillas, Josanelle Angela V. Bilo, and John Marty Mateo. "New Poly(Hydroxylauric-co-Lactic Acid) Liquid Polymer for Dissolving Lipophilic Drugs." KIMIKA 28, no. 1 (2017): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26534/kimika.v28i1.20-25.

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A liquid, biocompatible polyester based polymer, which could facilitate injectable formulations by simple mixing with the active substance (drug) is much needed by the pharmaceutical companies. A favourite candidate is polylactic acid (PLA) which is biocompatible and biodegradable. However PLA is solid with high crystallinity. Thus, in this research, hydroxylauric acid (HOLA) was copolymerized with lactic acid (LA) in different ratios by polycondensation technique at 180 °C, without a metal catalyst and avoiding the formation of interfering lactides, to provide a liquid polyester. The copolyme

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14

Hessbrugge, Bernd J., and Atul M. Vaidya. "Non-Aqueous Interfacial Polycondensation: A Novel Technique for the Encapsulation of Water-Soluble Solids." Journal of Chemical Education 74, no. 11 (1997): 1322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed074p1322.

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15

Zhou, Hao, Qing Hong Liang, Xiang Ke Shi, Li Hua Lu, Li Qun Zhang, and Dong Mei Yue. "Self-Assemble Behavior of Amphiphilic Diblock Copolymer of Methoxy Poly (Ethylene Glycol)/Polyester." Advanced Materials Research 295-297 (July 2011): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.295-297.11.

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Amphiphilic diblock copolymers based on methoxy polyethylene glycol (MePEG), 1, 6-hexanediol and maleic anhydride with different molar composition were synthesized by solution polycondensation. Self-assemble behavior of amphiphilic diblock copolymer in different solvents by dialyzing technique was discussed. The micelle morphologhy was observed by TEM. It was found that well core-shell MePEG1900/Polyester 2162 copolymer nanoparticles can be formed by self-assemble in acetone solution. In addition, the size of nanospheres measured using dynamic light scattering exhibited a narrow monodisphere s

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16

Wang, Haitao, Xiangfu Meng, Zhongzhong Qian, et al. "Synthesis and Properties of Melamine-Formaldehyde/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 4 (2008): 1775–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.18242.

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In this paper, intercalated and partially exfoliated melamine-formaldehyde (MF)/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites have been synthesized successfully via in-situ polymerization based on pristine montmorillonite, acidified montmorillonite and organic modified montmorillonite respectively. The obtained nanocomposites were characterized by XRD, TEM, TGA, and Raman spectroscopy. Free formaldehyde content of those composites was also determined by acetyl acetone technique. It was found that acidified montmorillonite and organic modified montmorillonite could catalyze the polycondensation reaction

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17

A.Alkskas, Ismail, Suad Abo-zariba, and Assma Alkskas. "Thermal Stability of New Polyamide Containing 1-Phenethyl-4-Piperidone Moiety in the Main Chain." مجلة العلوم الاساسية و التطبيقية, no. 13 (February 9, 2022): 59–64. https://doi.org/10.36602/jsba.2022.13.59.

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A new polyamide based on pyridine moiety was synthesized from 3,5-bis(4-aminobenzylidene) -1-Phenethyl-4-Piperidone (II) by reaction with 2,6-Pyridinedicarbonyl chloride using solution polycondensation technique. The polymer was obtained has yellow color and had inherent viscosity 0.86 dL/g. The solubility of polyamide was insoluble in common organic solvents but dissolved completely in concentrated H2SO4. The thermal properties of the polyamide was evaluated and correlated to their structural units by TGA and DSC measurements. Electrical conductivity in the range of 2.4 X 10-11 Ω-1 cm-1.at ro

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18

Tilloca, G. "Ultralow expansion ceramics in the HfO2-TiO2 system synthesized by an hydrolysis and polycondensation technique." Journal of Materials Science 27, no. 20 (1992): 5671–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00541641.

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19

Gurnule, W. B., P. G. Gupta, R. H. Gupta, Y. U. Rathod, and N. B. Singh. "Thermal degradation studies of 2-amino 6-nitrobenzothiazole-oxamide-formaldehyde copolymer and its composites." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1281, no. 1 (2023): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1281/1/012026.

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Abstract Composites are viewed as promising advanced materials because of their superior features, including enhanced flame retardancy, density, relatively large surface areas, strength and thermomechanical/optoelectronic/magnetic capabilities. 2-amino 6-nitrobenzothiazole, oxamide, and formaldehyde has been used for the synthesis of copolymerizing polycondensation technique, and newly synthesized copolymer with activated charcoal was used to synthesize its composite. Several physicochemical techniques, and Ultraviolet-visible, SEM, TGA, and FTIR techniques, have been utilized to illustrate th

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20

Rosalia, Mariella, Davide Rubes, Massimo Serra, Ida Genta, Rossella Dorati, and Bice Conti. "Polyglycerol Sebacate Elastomer: A Critical Overview of Synthetic Methods and Characterisation Techniques." Polymers 16, no. 10 (2024): 1405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16101405.

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Poly (glycerol sebacate) is a widely studied elastomeric copolymer obtained from the polycondensation of two bioresorbable monomers, glycerol and sebacic acid. Due to its biocompatibility and the possibility to tailor its biodegradability rate and mechanical properties, PGS has gained lots of interest in the last two decades, especially in the soft tissue engineering field. Different synthetic approaches have been proposed, ranging from classic thermal polyesterification and curing to microwave-assisted organic synthesis, UV crosslinking and enzymatic catalysis. Each technique, characterized b

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E, Yan Peng, Li Qiang Wan, Fa Rong Huang, and Lei Du. "Thermal Stability of a Novel Polytriazoleimide." Advanced Materials Research 557-559 (July 2012): 991–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.557-559.991.

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A new polytriazoleimide (PTAI) was prepared from 1,2,3-triazole-containing diamine and 4,4’-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride by polycondensation. The thermal stability was investigated. The PTAI was pyrolyzed at 400 °C and 750 °Cseparately and the pyrolysis was traced by the Py/GC/MS combined technique. Nitrogen and related compounds which result from the cleavage of C-N and N-N bonds in the polymer are found in the pyrolysis products at 400 °C. The further decomposition of PTAI would take place at imide rings and the chain units between imide rings at 750 °C. A degradation mech

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22

Alyami, Hamad, Dalia Ali, Qais Jarrar, et al. "Taste Masking of Promethazine Hydrochloride Using l-Arginine Polyamide-Based Nanocapsules." Molecules 28, no. 2 (2023): 748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020748.

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Promethazine hydrochloride (PMZ), a potent H1-histamine blocker widely used to prevent motion sickness, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting, has a bitter taste. In the present study, taste masked PMZ nanocapsules (NCs) were prepared using an interfacial polycondensation technique. A one-step approach was used to expedite the synthesis of NCs made from a biocompatible and biodegradable polyamide based on l -arginine. The produced NCs had an average particle size of 193.63 ± 39.1 nm and a zeta potential of −31.7 ± 1.25 mV, indicating their stability. The NCs were characterized using differential sca

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23

Pospiech, Doris, Andreas Korwitz, Hartmut Komber, et al. "In situ Synthesis of Poly(ethylene terephthalate)/layered Silicate Nanocomposites by Polycondensation." High Performance Polymers 19, no. 5-6 (2007): 565–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008307081199.

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The goal of the work presented here was to develop nanocomposites consisting of layered silicates and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). Two nanocomposite preparation methods were compared: first, the usual melt compounding technique, and second, in-situ synthesis of PET in presence of different types of layered silicates. Montmorillonite (MMT) without and with organophilic modification was employed as layered silicate. In most cases, PETs with acceptable properties (molecular weight and discoloration) were synthesized in presence of different MMTs although the molecular weights of the in-sit

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24

Faghihi, Khalil, Mohammad Naderi-Ghomi, and Mohsen Hajibeygi. "Synthesis and properties of new polyamide-organoclay nanocomposites containing pyrazine moiety in the main chain." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 19, no. 3 (2012): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2011-0105.

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AbstractA series of polyamide (PA)/montmorillonite nanocomposites containing pyrazine moiety in the main chain were synthesized by a convenient solution intercalation technique. PA 3 as a source of polymer matrix was synthesized by the direct polycondensation reaction of pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid 1 with 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone 2 in the presence of triphenyl phosphite, CaCl2, pyridine, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. The resulting nanocomposite films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (T

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25

Hamciuc, Elena, Maria Bruma, Burkhard Schulz, and Thomas Köpnick. "New Silicon-Containing Poly(Imide-Amide)s." High Performance Polymers 15, no. 3 (2003): 347–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008303015003010.

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New aromatic silicon-containing poly(imide-amide)s have been synthesized by solution polycondensation of various aromatic diamines having ether bridges between phenylene rings with a diacid chloride containing silicon. These polymers are easily soluble in polar amidic solvents such as N-methyl-pyrrolidinone or dimethylformamide and can be cast into thin flexible films or coatings from such solutions. They show high thermal stability, with an initial decomposition temperature above 410°C and a glass transition temperature in the range of 251-285°C. Very thin polymer films deposited by the spinc

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26

Gunasekhar, R., Dhevagoti Manjula Dhevi, Sathiyanathan Ponnan, and Arun Anand Prabu. "Synthesis of Aromatic Hyperbranched Polymer Based on Diphenolic Acid and Pentaerythritol: Reaction Kinetics Using FTIR Technique." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (2022): 11137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.11137ecst.

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Hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) are a common type of soft nanomaterial, but creating them from readily available monomers with a well-defined dendritic structure is difficult. Advances in the quantitative description and control of hyperbranched fine topological structures will aid their development and application in a variety of fields, including traditional polymer materials and engineering as well as energy materials, and optoelectronic materials and devices. Using a sequential polycondensation technique based on commercially accessible monomers, we present a one-pot synthesis of aromatic HB

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27

Khedkar, K. M., V. V. Hiwase, A. B. Kalambe, and S. D. Deosarkar. "Synthesis, Chacterization, and Thermal Study of Terpolymeric Resin Derived from m-cresol, Hexamine and Formaldehyde." E-Journal of Chemistry 9, no. 4 (2012): 1911–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/687860.

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Terpolymeric resin was prepared from m-cresol (0.1M), hexamine (0.05M) and formaldehyde (0.2M) by acid catalyzed polycondensation method using 1M HCl in temperature range of 122-130°C.The resin was abbreviated as m-CHF-I. The molecular weight of terpolymer was determined by non-aqueous conductometric titration technique. The structure of resin was determined by its elemental analysis, UV-VIS, IR, and NMR data. The thermokinetic parameters were determined using Freeman-Carroll (FC) and Sharp Wentworth (SW) method in temperature range (410-485°C).The values of activation energies (Ea), entropy (

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28

Indira, R., V. Jaisankar, and S. C. Vella Durai. "A study on the development of scaffold fabrication using citric acid polyester – nanohydroxyapatite composite." Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia 36, no. 4 (2022): 923–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v36i4.17.

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ABSTRACT. Nano hydroxyapatite (n-HAp) and its composites have shown a great development in the field of tissue regeneration and in controlled drug delivery due to its good biocompatibility and bioactivity behavior. Furthermore, HAp-based nanocomposites enhance mechanical properties. These synthetic HAp nanocomposites can also be tailored to fabricate scaffold with controlled porosity which facilitate the growth of the cell in the field of tissue engineering. In this paper, we focus on the synthesis of nano hydroxyapatite (n-HAp) by sol-gel method. The synthesized nano powders were calcined at

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29

Kaya, İsmet, Feyza Kolcu, Sabriye Satilmiş, and Zeynep Yazicioglu. "Synthesis and characterization of fluorescent polyphenols anchored Schiff bases via oxidative polycondensation." Materials Science-Poland 36, no. 4 (2018): 584–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msp-2018-0070.

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AbstractA series of polyimines, bearing phenolic groups were successfully synthesized in aqueous alkaline solution via chemical oxidative polycondensation. Polymeric Schiff bases were synthesized by condensation of 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde and 3-hydroxy-4-metoxybenzaldehyde with 2-aminophenol and 3-aminophenol. The molecular structures of the synthesized Schiff bases and their corresponding polymers were studied by FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopic methods. Thermal stability of the imine polymers was evidenced by their initial degradation temperatures found in the range of 170 °

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Aly, Kamal I., and Ahmed A. Geies. "New Polymer Syntheses-I. Synthesis of Linear Unsaturated Polyesters." High Performance Polymers 4, no. 3 (1992): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-0083/4/3/007.

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3,5-Bis(p-hydroxybenylidene)-isopropylpiperidinone (BHIP) and 3,5-divanillylidene-isopropylpiperidinone (DVIP) were used as new starting materials for preparing new unsaturated polyesters. The polyesters were prepared by reacting BHIP or DVIP with adipoyl, sebacoyl, isophthaloyl or terephthaloyl dichlorides utilizing the interfacial polycondensation technique. In addition, the model compounds were synthesized by reacting BHIP or DVIP with benzoyl chloride. The model compounds were characterized by 'H-NMR, IR, and elemental analyses. The polyester samples have been characterized by elemental an

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Aly, Kamal I., and Maymona M. Kandeel. "New Polymer Syntheses IV. Synthesis and Characterization of New Polyamides Containing Bis-Benzthiazolyl Sulphone Units in the Main Chain." High Performance Polymers 8, no. 2 (1996): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-0083/8/2/012.

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Bis(2-aminobenzthiazolyl) sulphone (BABS) was used as a new starting material for preparing polyamides. These polyamides were prepared by reacting BABS with adipoyl, sebacoyl, isophthaloyl and terephthaloyl dichlorides, and also with 4,4′-azodibenzoyl chloride or 3,3′-azodibenzoyl chloride, utilizing the solution polycondensation technique at low temperature. In addition, the model compound was synthesized by condensing the BABS with benzoyl chloride. Characterization of the monomer, model compound and the polyamides was accomplished by 1H NMR, IR and elemental analyses. The polyamides had red

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32

Kraiwattanawong, K., P. Kitchaiya, Arthit Neramittagapong, P. Praserthdam, and H. Tamon. "Improvement of Mesopore Structure of Resorcinol and Formaldehyde Carbon Cryogels by Acid Solution." Advanced Materials Research 55-57 (August 2008): 529–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.55-57.529.

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Resorcinol and formaldehyde (RF) carbon cryogels are prepared by sol-gel polycondensation by using sodium carbonate (C) as a catalyst with water (W) as solvent, immersed in acid solution, hydrochloric acid (HCl), dried by freeze-drying technique and then carbonized under inert atmosphere, respectively. Compared with their carbon precursors, both Vmes and mesopore size distributions of all carbon cryogels can be developed since the pore shrinkage is the crucial role in the change of pore structure of carbon gels. HCl may promote the strength of small pore structure and increase the pore shrinka

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Sudhakar, K., and B. Kalpana. "3, 3’-thiodipropionic acid: A versatile monomer to synthesis aliphatic random copolyesters with biological applications." Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 25, no. 12 (2021): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/2512rjce1927.

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A prime monomer 3,3’-thiodipropionic acid was mixed with other monomers such as 1,4 butanediol and 1,4 butanedioic acid to produce aliphatic random copolyester Poly(butylthiodipropionate-co-butylbu tanedioate) (PBTBB) by direct melt polycondensation method. The physical properties such as solubility by solubility test, inherent viscosity by Ubbelohde viscometer, Tg by differential scanning colorimetry (DSC) and the crystalline nature by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique of synthesized polymer were investigated. The chemical structure of the obtained copolyester was studied by FTIR, 1H-NMR and

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Wang, Chang, Wen Bo Zhang, and Yun Cheng. "Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Trimethylborate (TMB) Modified Poplar Wood by Sol-Gel Process." Advanced Materials Research 668 (March 2013): 920–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.668.920.

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To develop novel wood preservation technique trimethylborate(TMB) and boric dioxide were used by sol-gel process to modify poplar (Populus euramevicana cv.‘I-214'.) wood. The temperature variations of the storage modulus and the loss tangent along the grain for two kinds of chemically modified poplar woods were measured at 2Hz over a temperature range of -50 to 200°C. The storage modulus of modified woods were observed slight increases over the temperature range tested by introduction of bulky side chains and the tanδ remarkably reduced due to boric acid bridges between the hydroxyl groups whi

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Hsiao, Sheng-Huei, and Ying-Hsiu Hsiao. "Synthesis and electrochemical properties of new redox-active polyimides with (1-piperidinyl)triphenylamine moieties." High Performance Polymers 29, no. 4 (2016): 431–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008316648005.

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A series of new electroactive aromatic polyimides with (1-piperidinyl)triphenylamine moieties were prepared from 4,4′-diamino-4″-(1-piperidinyl)triphenylamine and aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides via the conventional two-step polycondensation technique. Flexible and strong polyimide films could be obtained via the thermal curing of their precursor poly(amic acid) films. The polyimides showed high glass transition temperatures between 288°C and 318°C, and they did not show significant decomposition before 500°C in air or nitrogen atmosphere. Cyclic voltammograms of the polyimide films on t

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Salek, G., C. Tenailleau, P. Dufour, and S. Guillemet-Fritsch. "Room temperature inorganic polycondensation of oxide (Cu2O and ZnO) nanoparticles and thin films preparation by the dip-coating technique." Thin Solid Films 589 (August 2015): 872–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2015.04.082.

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Nasr, Kifah, Julie Meimoun, Audrey Favrelle-Huret, Julien De Winter, Jean-Marie Raquez, and Philippe Zinck. "Enzymatic Polycondensation of 1,6-Hexanediol and Diethyl Adipate: A Statistical Approach Predicting the Key-Parameters in Solution and in Bulk." Polymers 12, no. 9 (2020): 1907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12091907.

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Among the various catalysts that can be used for polycondensation reactions, enzymes have been gaining interest for three decades, offering a green and eco-friendly platform towards the sustainable design of renewable polyesters. However, limitations imposed by their delicate nature, render them less addressed. As a case study, we compare herein bulk and solution polycondensation of 1,6-hexanediol and diethyl adipate catalyzed by an immobilized lipase from Candida antarctica. The influence of various parameters including time, temperature, enzyme loading, and vacuum was assessed in the frame o

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Faghihi, Khalil, Masoumeh Soleimani, Shabnam Nezami, and Meisam Shabanian. "Thermal and optical properties of new poly(amide-imide)-nanocomposite reinforced by layer silicate based on chiral n-trimellitylimido-L-valine." Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 31, no. 1 (2012): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.20450/mjcce.2012.59.

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Two new samples of poly(amide-imide)-montmorillonite reinforced nanocomposites containing N-trimellitylimido-L-valine moiety in the main chain were synthesized by a convenient solution intercalation technique. Poly(amide-imide) (PAI) 5 as a source of polymer matrix was synthesized by the direct polycondensation reaction of N-trimellitylimido-L-valine (3) with 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether 4 in the presence of triphenyl phosphite (TPP), CaCl2, pyridine and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). Morphology and structure of the resulting PA-nanocomposite films (5a) and (5b) with 10 and 20 % silicate particle

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He, Xiao Dong, He Xin Zhang, Yao Li, Chang Qing Hong, and Jiu Peng Zhao. "Preparation and Structural Characterization of SiO₂-ZrO₂ Aerogels." Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (April 2007): 2282–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.2282.

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Low density SiO2-xZrO2 aerogels with x=35wt%, 65wt%, 75wt%, 90wt%, 95wt% were prepared by CO2 supercritical drying technique with tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and zirconyl nitrate dihydrate (ZrO(NO3)2 .2H2O) by hydrolytic polycondensation under different chemical conditions. The prepared aerogels are performed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and BET surface areas to characterize and analyze the morphology and pore structure of SiO2-ZrO2 aerogels. The results showed that the SiO2-ZrO2 areogels are the typica

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Kandaswamy, Narendran, and Nanthini Raveendiran. "Synthesis, Characterization, and In Vitro Antimicrobial and Anticancer Evaluation of Copolyester Bearing 4-Arylidene Curcumin in the Main Chain." International Scholarly Research Notices 2014 (October 29, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/495927.

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Synthesis of random copolyester bearing 4-arylidene curcumin M1 in the polymer backbone was prepared by solution polycondensation method. The influence of copolyester bearing 4-arylidene curcumin M1 unit on the properties of copolyester such as inherent viscosity, solubility, and thermal stability was investigated and studied in detail. The inherent viscosity and polydispersity index of the copolyester were found to be 0.19 dL/g and 1.38, respectively. The chemical structure of the copolyester was investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resona

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Faghihi, Khalil, Narges Dehnavi, and Mohsen Hajibeygi. "New thermally stable poly(amide-imide)/montmorillonite reinforced nanocomposite based on N,N′-pyrromellitoyl-bis-l-valine: synthesis and characterization." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 21, no. 1 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2012-0043.

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AbstractTwo new samples of poly(amide-imide) (PAI)/nanocomposites reinforced montmorillonite containing N,N′-pyrromelitoyl-bis-l-valine moiety in the main chain were synthesized by a solution intercalation technique. PAI 3 as a source of polymer matrix was synthesized by the direct polycondensation reaction of N,N′-pyrromelitoyl-bis-l-valine 1 with 4,4′-diamino diphenyl ether 2 in the presence of triphenyl phosphite, CaCl2, pyridine and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. The morphology and structure of the resulting PAI-nanocomposite films 4a and 4b with 5% and 10% silicate particles were characterized b

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Singha, Amar S., Balbir S. Kaith, and Aishwarya J. Khanna. "Synthesis and characterization of Cannabis indica fiber reinforced composites." BioResources 6, no. 2 (2011): 2101–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.6.2.2101-2117.

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This paper reports on the synthesis of Cannabis indica fiber-reinforced composites using Urea-Resorcinol-Formaldehyde (URF) as a novel matrix through compression molding technique. The polycondensation between urea, resorcinol, and formaldehyde in different molar ratios was applied to the synthesis of the URF polymer matrix. A thermosetting matrix based composite, reinforced with lignocellulose from Cannabis indica with different fiber loadings 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% by weight, was obtained. The mechanical properties of randomly oriented intimately mixed fiber particle reinforced composites w

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Vacareanu, Loredana, Teofilia Ivan, and Mircea Grigoras. "New symmetrical conjugated thiophene-azomethines containing triphenylamine or carbazole units: Synthesis, thermal and optoelectrochemical properties." High Performance Polymers 24, no. 8 (2012): 717–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008312450595.

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New oligo- and poly(azomethine)s containing 3,4-dicyanothiophene and triphenylamine or carbazole units were synthesized under condensation reaction conditions. Although the different amino group reactivity, a one-pot synthesis of symmetric conjugated oligoazomethines was possible by judicious choice of solvent and careful control of reagent stoichiometry. Different polycondensation strategies (in solution and bulk polymerization reactions) were applied in order to obtain soluble oligoazomethines and poly(azomethine)s. Their expected chemical structures were confirmed by 1H-NMR and Fourier tran

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Fayyaz, Amir, Haroon Asghar, Muhammad Waqas, Asif Kamal, Wedad A. Al-Onazi, and Amal M. Al-Mohaimeed. "Multi-Spectroscopic Characterization of MgO/Nylon (6/6) Polymer: Evaluating the Potential of LIBS and Statistical Methods." Polymers 15, no. 15 (2023): 3156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15153156.

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The potential of using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) in combination with various other spectroscopic and statistical methods was assessed for characterizing pure and MgO-doped nylon (6/6) organic polymer samples. The pure samples, obtained through a polycondensation chemical technique, were artificially doped with MgO prior to analysis for comparative purposes. These artificially doped samples served as crucial reference materials for comparative analysis and reference purposes. The LIBS studies were performed under local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) and optically thin plasma

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Barrino, Federico. "Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Materials Prepared by Sol–Gel and Sol–Gel-Coating Method for Biomedical Use: Study and Synthetic Review of Synthesis and Properties." Coatings 14, no. 4 (2024): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings14040425.

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The need to improve the expectancy and quality of life of subjects affected by disabling pathologies that require the replacement or regeneration of tissues or parts of the body has fueled the development of innovative, better-performing materials that are capable of integrating into and being tolerated by body tissues. Materials with these characteristics, i.e., bio-functionality, bio-safety, and biocompatibility, are defined as biomaterials. One of the many methods for producing such materials is the sol–gel technique. This process is mainly used for the preparation of ceramic oxides at low

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Xing, Xiaotong, Jiangxiong Wei, Weiting Xu, Beihan Wang, Shunjie Luo, and Qijun Yu. "Effect of Organic Polymers on Mechanical Property and Toughening Mechanism of Slag Geopolymer Matrix." Polymers 14, no. 19 (2022): 4214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14194214.

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In this work, two series of chemically reactive polymers, silane coupling agents (SCAs) and water-soluble polymers, were specifically designed as an additive to improve the ductility of slag geopolymer paste by vibration pressure technique. The influences of organic polymers on the fluidity, rheological behavior, mechanical property, porosity, and toughening mechanism of slag geopolymer were investigated. The polycondensation and bonding characteristics of organic–inorganic products were calculated by 1H liquid nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR).

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Wang, Song, Ming Xie, Jiming Zhang, and Yongtai Chen. "Synthesis and properties of 0.3%Y2O3/0.3%La2O3/0.3%Al2O3/Cu composite." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 21, no. 4 (2014): 517–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2012-0147.

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AbstractThe 0.3%Y2O3/0.3%La2O3/0.3%Al2O3/Cu composite was prepared by oxygen and nitrogen atomization spray deposition technique, internal oxidation, and then treated by annealing at different temperatures. Physical properties such as microstructures, fracture appearance, hardness, strength, electrical conductivity, and arc erosion surface of the composite were investigated. The experimental results show that with an increase in the annealing temperature, the grains of the composite grow up obviously and the electrical conductivity of the composite increases gradually, while the hardness and t

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LIU, PENG, and LIUXUE ZHANG. "HYPERBRANCHED ALIPHATIC POLYESTER MODIFIED ACTIVATED CARBON PARTICLES WITH HOMOGENIZED SURFACE GROUPS." Surface Review and Letters 14, no. 06 (2007): 1025–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x07010585.

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The hyperbranched aliphatic polyester grafted activated carbon (HAPE-AC), was successfully prepared by the simple "one-pot" method. The surface functional groups of commercial activated carbon particles were homogenized to hydroxyl groups by being oxidized with nitric acid and then reduced with lithium tetrahydroaluminate ( LiAlH 4) at first. Secondly, the surface hydroxyl groups were used as the active sites for the solution polycondensation of the AB2 monomer, 2, 2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid (bis-MPA), with the catalysis of p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TSA). The homogenization of the surf

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Kacem, Yosra Hadj, Abdelkader Bougarech, Souhir Abid, Majdi Abid, and Etienne Fleury. "Fully Biobased Aliphatic Anionic Oligoesters: Synthesis and Properties." International Journal of Polymer Science 2019 (March 31, 2019): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3186202.

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Biobased aliphatic sulfonated oligoesters with 10 to 30% of sulfonated units were synthesized by melt polycondensation of biobased monomers such as diethyl succinate, z-octadec-9-enedioic acid, dimer fatty acid, sodium (sulfonated dimethyl succinate), and various diols like 1,4-butane diol and isosorbide. Structural characterization of the resulting oligoesters was determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF MS technique. Showing a regular structure, the nature of the different expected species present in the macromolecular structure allowed the detection of etherification and cyclisation

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Rosales, A., F. García, V. Storaci, and J. Medina. "Obtaining Polylactic Acid as an Input for the Production of Biopolymeric Material from Whey." Ciencia en Revolución 7, no. 22 (2021): 101–12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6428019.

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The research consisted of using whey from semi-industrial and artisanal cheese factories as raw material for the production of polylactic acid (PLA). Initially, the physicochemical properties of the collected whey were determined. For the fermentation, the microorganism \emph{Lactobacillus casei} was used, the process was carried out by loading for 24 hours and the purification of the resulting lactic acid (LA) was achieved by means of the liquid-liquid separation technique with 1-butanol, reaching the concentrations \hbox{(18.53 $\pm$ 0.05) \% w/v} for the solution obtained from the aqueous p

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