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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Polycrystalline Oxides - Grain Boundaries

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Academic literature on the topic 'Polycrystalline Oxides - Grain Boundaries'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 September 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Polycrystalline Oxides - Grain Boundaries"

1

Carter, C. Barry, and Lisa A. Tietz. "Interfaces in high-Tc superconducting oxides." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 178–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100152860.

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Interfaces in high-Tc superconducting oxides are influential during both the processing of bulk materials and the growth of thin epitactically aligned layers. In the first case, the formation of the superconducting phase involves the movement of phase boundaries during the solid-state reaction, while in the second, the phase boundary is formed as the superconducting material grows on the single-crystal substrate. Having formed the superconducting material, the superconducting phase will, in general, contain a large number of grain boundaries varying from the simple twin boundaries which can be

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2

Yoshida, Hidehiro, Koji Morita, Byung Nam Kim, et al. "High Temperature Plastic Flow and Ductility in Polycrystalline Oxide Ceramics: Doping Effect and Related Phenomena." Advances in Science and Technology 45 (October 2006): 1620–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.45.1620.

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High temperature creep and superplastic flow in high-purity oxide ceramics such as alumina and tetragonal zirconia polycrystals is very sensitive to a small amount of doping by various oxides. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis revealed that grain boundaries in high-purity oxide ceramics are free from amorphous phase, and that the doped cations tend to segregate along the grain boundaries. Since the high temperature plastic flow in oxide ceramics takes place mainly by grain boundary matter transport by atomic diffusion, the gra

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3

Nguyen, Viet Huong, Ulrich Gottlieb, Anthony Valla, Delfina Muñoz, Daniel Bellet, and David Muñoz-Rojas. "Electron tunneling through grain boundaries in transparent conductive oxides and implications for electrical conductivity: the case of ZnO:Al thin films." Materials Horizons 5, no. 4 (2018): 715–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8mh00402a.

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OSHIO, T., Y. SAKAI, and S. EHARA. "STM STUDY OF POLYCRYSTALLINE COPPER." Modern Physics Letters B 04, no. 22 (1990): 1411–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021798499000177x.

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Grain boundaries and their electric potential were studied in connection with the electric conduction in polycrystalline copper using a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). It was found that the grain boundaries consist mainly of cuprous oxide ( Cu 2 O ) and electric potential barriers are formed at most grain boundaries.

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Moriyama, Takumi, Sohta Hida, Takahiro Yamasaki, Takahisa Ohno, Satoru Kishida, and Kentaro Kinoshita. "Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Resistive Switching in Grain Boundaries of Polycrystalline Transition Metal Oxide Film." MRS Advances 2, no. 4 (2017): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2017.7.

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ABSTRACTPractical use of Resistive Random Access Memory (ReRAM) depends on thorough understanding of the resistive switching (RS) mechanism in polycrystalline metal oxide films. Based on experimental and theoretical results of NiO based ReRAM, we have proposed a grain surface tiling model, in which grain surfaces (i.e. grain boundaries) are composed by insulating and conductive micro surface structures. This paper reports the adequacy of our model to the NiO based ReRAM and universality of surface electronic properties in metal oxides of NiO, CoO and MgO. Experimental results of RS operating m

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Welsh, Shery L., Monica Kapoor, Olivia D. Underwood, Richard L. Martens, Gregory B. Thompson, and Jeffrey L. Evans. "Influence of Grain Boundary Character and Annealing Time on Segregation in Commercially Pure Nickel." Journal of Materials 2016 (February 16, 2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4597271.

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Commercially pure nickel (Ni) was thermomechanically processed to promote an increase in Σ3 special grain boundaries. Engineering the character and chemistry of Σ3 grain boundaries in polycrystalline materials can help in improving physical, chemical, and mechanical properties leading to improved performance. Type-specific grain boundaries (special and random) were characterized using electron backscatter diffraction and the segregation behavior of elements such as Si, Al, C, O, P, Cr, Mg, Mn, B, and Fe, at the atomic level, was studied as a function of grain boundary character using atom prob

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Vahidi, Hasti, Komal Syed, Huiming Guo, et al. "A Review of Grain Boundary and Heterointerface Characterization in Polycrystalline Oxides by (Scanning) Transmission Electron Microscopy." Crystals 11, no. 8 (2021): 878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11080878.

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Interfaces such as grain boundaries (GBs) and heterointerfaces (HIs) are known to play a crucial role in structure-property relationships of polycrystalline materials. While several methods have been used to characterize such interfaces, advanced transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning TEM (STEM) techniques have proven to be uniquely powerful tools, enabling quantification of atomic structure, electronic structure, chemistry, order/disorder, and point defect distributions below the atomic scale. This review focuses on recent progress in characterization of polycrystalline oxide int

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Zaborac, J. A., J. P. Buban, H. O. Moltaji, S. Stemmer та N. D. Browning. "Cation Coordination At Σ Grain Boundaries in TiO2 and SrTiO3, and its Effect on the Local Electronic Properties". Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (1999): 792–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600017281.

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Grain boundaries have long been known to have a dominant effect on the electronic properties of polycrystalline materials. In the case of electroceramic oxides, the thermodynamics of defect formation (vacancies or interstitials, cations or anions) are usually invoked to predict the presence of a space charge potential at the grain boundaries. The relative energetics for the formation of each type of defect determines the size and sign of this potential barrier and thus, the effect that boundaries have on the overall electronic properties of the materials. However, a limitation to this continuu

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Rathore, Divya, Chenxi Geng, Nafiseh Zaker, et al. "Tungsten Infused Grain Boundaries Enabling Universal Performance Enhancement of Co-Free Ni-Rich Cathode Materials." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 168, no. 12 (2021): 120514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac3c26.

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Ni-rich cathode materials suffer from poor capacity retention due to micro-cracking and interfacial reactivity with electrolyte. Addition of tungsten (W) to some Ni-rich materials can improve capacity retention. Here, a WO3 surface coating is applied on Ni-rich hydroxide precursors before heating with lithium hydroxide. After heating in oxygen, Ni-rich materials with any of the commonly used dopants (magnesium, aluminum, manganese, etc.) show a “universal” improvement in capacity retention. Experimental characterization and theoretical modelling showed W was concentrated in the grain boundarie

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Wang, Xiao, and Alfred Ludwig. "Recent Developments in Small-Scale Shape Memory Oxides." Shape Memory and Superelasticity 6, no. 3 (2020): 287–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40830-020-00299-7.

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Abstract This review presents an overview of the developments in small-scale shape memory materials: from alloys to oxides and ceramics. Shape memory oxides such as zirconia, different ferroelectric perovskites and VO2-based materials have favorable characteristics of high strength, high operating temperature and chemical resistance, which make this class of shape memory materials interesting for special applications, e.g., in harsh environments or at the nanoscale. Because of the constraint and mismatch stress from neighboring grains in polycrystalline/bulk oxides, the transformation strain o

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Polycrystalline Oxides - Grain Boundaries"

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Bhatt, Jayesh S., and Marc-Olivier Coppens. "Diffusion at tilt grain boundaries in polycrystalline porous materials." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-198033.

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Bhatt, Jayesh S., and Marc-Olivier Coppens. "Diffusion at tilt grain boundaries in polycrystalline porous materials." Diffusion fundamentals 24 (2015) 6, S. 1, 2015. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A14520.

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Ayres, J. R. A. "Electrically active defects associated with dislocations and grain boundaries in silicon." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307235.

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Ritherdon, Justin. "Surface segregation and its influence on the oxidation of polycrystalline nickel." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318238.

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Sarrazit, Franck. "Structure of grain boundaries in hexagonal materials." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367291.

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Chen, Hon-Wen James. "Crystal orientation of polycrystalline diamond tip array /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17687.pdf.

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Zhao, Jingyi Zhao. "Relating Grain Boundaries to the Mechanical Properties of Polycrystalline Material: Gradient Nanocrystalline Material and Electro-Plasticity." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron153296020243128.

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Gonzalez, David. "A contribution on modelling deformation and residual stress in 3D polycrystals." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-contribution-on-modelling-deformation-and-residual-stress-in-3d-polycrystals(dad0c6be-0494-46e6-8dc8-d3a968212401).html.

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Polycrystalline materials are widely used for industrial applications. These materials are highly anisotropic with different responses under different loading conditions. This dissertation uses a crystal plasticity scheme in the finite element framework (CPFEM) to study deformation mechanisms in alumina, aluminium and stainless steel – all polycrystalline. Four research cases in this dissertation have been presented in the form of manuscripts for publication. When possible, modelling predictions have been compared against various experimental techniques such as Diffraction Contrast Tomography

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Nicoletti, Sergio. "Elaboration et caractérisation de jonctions Josephson YBaCuO sur joints de grains artificiels." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10091.

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Cette these presente une etude de realisation et de caracterisation de jonctions josephson fabriquees a partir de joints de grains artificiels induits dans le film d'ybco. Deux procedes differents ont ete etudies: la fabrication du joint de grains par bi-epitaxie et le depot d'une couche supraconductrice sur substrat bi-cristallin. Le but du travail a ete de developper un procede de fabrication reproductible et d'etudier les proprietes des dispositifs obtenus. Les couches minces ont ete fabriquees par ablation laser pulse. Les dispositifs ont ete obtenus en gravant des lignes de differentes la

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Berenov, Andrey Valdimirovich. "Cation deficiency in lanthanum manganites." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322303.

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Books on the topic "Polycrystalline Oxides - Grain Boundaries"

1

Möller, Hans J. Polycrystalline Semiconductors: Grain Boundaries and Interfaces. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989.

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2

International Conference on Grain Growth in Polycrystalline Materials (2nd 1995 Kitakyushu, Japan). Grain growth in polycrystalline materials II: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Grain Growth in Polycrystalline Materials, held in Kitakyushu, Japan, 17-20 May, 1995. Edited by Yoshinaga Hideo 1931-, Watanabe T, and Takahashi N. Transtec Publications, 1996.

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International Conference on Grain Growth in Polycrystalline Materials (1st 1991 Rome, Italy). Grain growth in polycrystalline materials: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Grain Growth in Polycrystalline Materials, held in Rome, Italy, 18-21 June 19[91]. Trans Tech Publications, 1992.

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4

Novikov, V. I͡U. Grain growth and control of microstructure and texture in polycrystalline materials. CRC Press, 1997.

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5

1946-, Möller H. J., Strunk H. P. 1940-, and Werner J. H. 1952-, eds. Polycrystalline semiconductors: Grain boundaries and interfaces : proceedings of the international symposium, Malente, Fed. Rep. of Germany, August 29-September, 2, 1988. Springer-Verlag, 1989.

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6

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Sulfur impurities and the microstructure of alumina scales. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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7

Polycrystalline semiconductors: grain boundaries and interfaces. Springer-Verlag, 1989.

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Möller, Hans J., Horst P. Strunk, and Juergen Werner. Polycrystalline Semiconductors: Grain Boundaries and Interfaces. Springer, 2014.

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9

Moller, H. J., and H. P. Strunk. Polycrystalline Semiconductors: Grain Boundaries and Interfaces (Springer Proceedings in Physics). Springer, 1989.

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10

(Editor), H. Yoshinaga, T. Watanabe (Editor), and N. Takahashi (Editor), eds. Grain Growth in Polycrystalline Materials II: Icgg-II (Materials Science Forum , Vol 204-206). Trans Tech Publications, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Polycrystalline Oxides - Grain Boundaries"

1

Hollricher, O., M. Kolbe, H. Gottschalk, and H. Alexander. "EBIC Investigations of Grain Boundaries n Polycrystalline Silicon." In Springer Proceedings in Physics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76385-4_13.

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Häßler, Ch, G. Pensl, and M. Schulz. "Hydrogen-Passivation of Grain Boundaries in Polycrystalline Silicon." In Springer Proceedings in Physics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76385-4_37.

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3

Kalya, Shubhakar, Sean Joseph O'Shea, and Kin Leong Pey. "Characterization of Grain Boundaries in Polycrystalline HfO2 Dielectrics." In Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527699773.ch5.

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4

Browning, N. D., R. F. Klie, and Y. Lei. "Vacancy Segregation at Grain Boundaries in Ceramic Oxides." In Mixed Ionic Electronic Conducting Perovskites for Advanced Energy Systems. Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2349-1_2.

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Raza, B., and D. B. Holt. "EBIC Contrast of Grain Boundaries in Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cells." In Springer Proceedings in Physics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76385-4_10.

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6

Kazmerski, L. L. "Atomic-Level Imaging and Microanalysis of Grain Boundaries in Polycrystalline Semiconductors." In Springer Proceedings in Physics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-93413-1_13.

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7

Zheng, Lei, Q. Deng, and Ting Dong Xu. "The Evaluation of Elastic Modulus at Grain Boundaries for Polycrystalline Materials." In Materials Science Forum. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-960-1.3847.

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Škipina, B., T. Čajkovski, M. Davidović, D. Čajkovski, V. Likar-Smiljanić, and U. B. Mioč. "Conductivity of Grains and Grain Boundaries in Polycrystalline Heteropoly Acid Salts." In Materials Science Forum. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-971-7.101.

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Abelard, P., and J. F. Baumard. "The Electrical Properties of Grain and Grain Boundaries in Y-Doped Fluorite Type Oxides." In Zirconia’88. Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1139-0_1.

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Lin, Feng Xiang, Andrew Godfrey, and Qing Liu. "Grain Orientation Dependence of Extended Planar Dislocation Boundaries in Cold-Rolled Polycrystalline Aluminium." In Key Engineering Materials. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-456-1.711.

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Conference papers on the topic "Polycrystalline Oxides - Grain Boundaries"

1

Rowley, P. N., and M. J. Graham. "Characterization of High Temperature Oxides Using Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy." In CORROSION 1992. NACE International, 1992. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1992-92134.

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Abstract Oxide films have been characterized in a transmission electron microscope using Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) and Electron Spectroscopic Imaging (ESI). Analysis has been performed on sputtered oxide film standards (NiO, Fe2O3, Cr2O3, ZrO2, CeO2, La2O3, Y2O3 and HfO2), and on thermally-grown oxides on Fe-25Cr alloy. Spectroscopy of the standard oxides showed significant differences in the oxygen near-edge structure allowing identification of the oxide from this 'fingerprint'. Quantification of the metal:oxygen ratio in unknown oxide films is possible using efficiency or k-fa

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2

Lin, P., G. Palumbo, D. Limoges, D. Lee, and M. MacKenzie. "Corrosion Performance of Grain Boundary Engineered Alloy 22 for Application in Nuclear Waste Storage Containers." In CORROSION 2002. NACE International, 2002. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2002-02547.

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Abstract As a result of its excellent corrosion resistance, Alloy 22 (UNS N06022), has been selected a candidate material for the construction of high level nuclear waste storage containers. However, its intergranular corrosion resistance is known to be affected by simulated long term aging at elevated temperatures, and may also be compromised by container closure weld operations. Advances in understanding structure-property relationships for grain boundaries in polycrystalline materials have led to the development of cost-effective thermomechanical processes for the control of grain boundary

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3

Lim, Yun Soo, Sung Woo Kim, Seong Sik Hwang, and Hong Pyo Kim. "Stress Corrosion Cracking Behaviour of Ni-based Welding Alloys 182 and 152 in PWR Primary Water Environments." In CORROSION 2018. NACE International, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2018-11444.

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Abstract PWSCC testing of Alloy 182 and 152 welds was conducted using 1/2 compact tension (CT) specimens at 325 ℃ in simulated primary water environments of a PWR, and a surface oxidation test using plate specimens was conducted in the same autoclave for 3600 hours. The average measured crack growth rate of Alloy 182 was found to be 1.0 x 10-7 mm/s, while that of Alloy 152 was 2.4 x 10-9 mm/s at K = 30 MPa√m. The cracking of Alloy 182 showed a purely intergranular aspect, and it was revealed from a microscopic investigation that oxygen diffused into the grain boundaries from the external prima

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Simonen, E. P., L. E. Thomas, and S. M. Bruemmer. "Diffusion Kinetic Issues During Intergranular Corrosion of Ni-Base Alloys." In CORROSION 2000. NACE International, 2000. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2000-00226.

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Abstract Exposure of Ni-base alloys to hot water results in corrosion reactions at advancing stress corrosion cracks and intergranular degradation at crack walls. The morphology of the corrosion is characterized by very narrow widths of oxides for long distances along grain boundaries. Of particular interest is that this response of alloys occurs during exposure to non-oxidizing water at 330°C. The mechanisms by which oxidation reactions occur in these tight restricted pathways have critical impact on stress corrosion cracking susceptibility. In the present paper, diffusion kinetic analyses ar

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Chen, Y., K. Sridharan, and T. R. Allen. "Corrosion of Candidate Austenitic Stainless Steels for Supercritical Water Reactors." In CORROSION 2007. NACE International, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2007-07408.

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Abstract Supercritical water (SCW) has attracted increasing attention since SCW boiler power plants were implemented to increase the efficiency of fossil-base power plants. The SCW reactor (SCWR) design has been selected as one of the Generation IV reactor concepts because of its higher thermal efficiency and plant simplification as compared to current light water reactors (LWRs). To support SCWR development, a study of the corrosion behavior of austenitic steels 316, D9, NF709 and Alloy 800H in supercritical water (SCW) at 500°C and 600°C was conducted. The measured weight changes indicate th

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Kim, Hojong, D. B. Mitton, and R. M. Latanision. "Stress Corrosion Cracking of Alloly 625 in pH 2 Aqueous Solution at High Temperature and Pressure." In CORROSION 2010. NACE International, 2010. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2010-10194.

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Abstract Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of Alloy 625 (N06625) has been investigated in pH 2 aqueous solution at high temperatures (300-426°C) and high pressure (24.1MPa) to understand the corrosion behavior in supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) systems, which can destroy aqueous organic waste water with high efficiency with no harmful byproducts. Alloy 625 was exposed to 11 operational (chemical, thermal, pressure) cycles. SCC at subcritical temperature comes from the chemical stability of the elements, which produces a dealloyed oxide layer where Ni is selectively dissolved and Cr forms st

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Sisak, W. J., H. E. Chaung, and C. W. Petersen. "Corrosion and Cracking of Alloy C-276 in High Temperature Sour Brines." In CORROSION 1992. NACE International, 1992. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1992-92060.

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Abstract The corrosion and stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) of Alloy C-276 (UNS N10276) has been studied in high-temperature sour brines. The long-term effects of exposure to sour brines were evaluated using C-ring specimens tested at 400°F (204°C), 500°F (260°C), and 600°F (316°C) for up to 3 years. Microstructures of the C-276 samples were characterized before and after sour brine testing using TEM to evaluate the effects of initial microstructure and of temperature-related changes in microstructure on corrosion and cracking. The corrosion scales formed on exposed surfaces and within SCC crac

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Shei, S. A., and W. J. Yang. "Stress Corrosion Crack Tip Microstructure in Nickel-Base Alloys." In CORROSION 1994. NACE International, 1994. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1994-94154.

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Abstract Stress corrosion cracking behavior of several nickel-base alloys in high temperature caustic environments has been evaluated. The crack tip and fracture surfaces were examined using Auger/ESCA and Analytical Electron Microscopy (AEM) to determine the near crack tip microstructure and microchemistry. Results showed formation of chromium-rich oxides at or near the crack tip and nickel-rich de-alloying layers away from the crack tip. The stress corrosion resistance of different nickel-base alloys in caustic may be explained by the preferential oxidation and dissolution of different alloy

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Yoffe, Pavel. "Sulphur Containing Sediments Influenced Wear of Superheater Tubes." In CORROSION 1996. NACE International, 1996. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1996-96534.

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Abstract The failed superheater tube was investigated at the point of failure and at a distance of 25 cm. At both of the cross sections two layers of sediment were detected. The external one contained Na2SO4 and Na3VO3 in concentration relation 6.4:1 approximately. The “internal” layer that situated on the tube surface consisted of V2O3 mainly (about 70%) and sodium pyrosulphates Na2SO3•×SO3. The tube surface was covered with usual “passive” oxides such as Cr2O3, Fe2CrO4, and magnetite. In the failed section the last layer contained iron and chromium sulfides. Thinning of the wall was detected

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Lim, Yun Soo, Hong Pyo Kim, Dong Jin Kim, Jong Yeon Lee, and Sung Woo Kim. "Influence of Dissolved Hydrogen on the Internal and Intergranular Oxidation of Ni-base Alloys in Simulated PWR Primary Water." In CORROSION 2021. AMPP, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2021-16282.

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Abstract Internal and intergranular (IG) oxidation phenomena in Alloys 600 and 690 depending on the hydrogen concentration were characterized to obtain clear insight into the different resistance to primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC) and the cracking behavior when exposed to pressurized water reactor (PWR) primary water. It was revealed from a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination that surface grain boundaries were oxidized in Alloy 600; IG oxidation did not occur, however, in Alloy 690 within a range of hydrogen concentration between 5 and 30 cm3 H2/kg H2O. Ni was en

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Reports on the topic "Polycrystalline Oxides - Grain Boundaries"

1

Chiang, Yet-Ming. Grain boundaries in complex oxides. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6856279.

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Chiang, Yet-Ming. Grain boundaries in complex oxides. Technical progress report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10150061.

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