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Journal articles on the topic 'Polyester polyurethane'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Correia, Cristina Borges, and João C. Bordado. "Synthesis and Characterization of New Polyurethane Adhesives." Materials Science Forum 514-516 (May 2006): 843–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.514-516.843.

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Polyurethane adhesives provide excellent flexibility, impact resistance and durability. Polyurethanes are formed through the reaction of an isocyanate component with polyether or polyester polyols or other active hydrogen compounds. This paper refers to polyurethane adhesives made from polyester polyols with long aliphatic chains (up to 36 carbon atoms) and MDI (diphenylmethane-4,4’-diisocyanate). The polyester polyols have been made from dimer acids obtained from renewable sources and short chain diols. The polyols that were used presented different degrees of unsaturation. The influence of the different raw materials in the adhesives performance is studied. The polyurethanes were produced by reaction between quasi-stoichiometric quantities of polyol and MDI, at several temperatures. The reaction was carried under inert atmosphere and at temperatures below 100°C. Performance of the adhesives was tested by carrying adhesion, hardness and water absorption tests. Characterization of both the polyester polyols and polyurethane adhesives was carried by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Magnetic Nuclear Resonance (NMR), X-Ray Diffraction (WAXD), Scanning RMN Imaging of 1H of Stray- Field b (MRI) and Brookfield viscometry.

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2

Gunatillake, Pathiraja A., Darren J. Martin, Gordon F. Meijs, Simon J. McCarthy, and Raju Adhikari. "Designing Biostable Polyurethane Elastomers for Biomedical Implants." Australian Journal of Chemistry 56, no. 6 (2003): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch02168.

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The chemical structure, synthesis, morphology, and properties of polyurethane elastomers are briefly discussed. The current understanding of the effect of chemical structure and the associated morphology on the stability of polyurethanes in the biological environments is reviewed. The degradation of conventional polyurethanes appears as surface or deep cracking, stiffening, and deterioration of mechanical properties, such as flex-fatigue resistance. Polyester and poly(tetramethylene oxide) based polyurethanes degrade by hydrolytic and oxidative degradation of ester and ether functional groups, respectively. The recent approaches to develop polyurethanes with improved long-term biostability are based on developing novel polyether, hydrocarbon, polycarbonate, and siloxane macrodiols to replace degradation-prone polyester and polyether macrodiols in polyurethane formulations. The new approaches are discussed with respect to synthesis, properties and biostability based on reported in vivo studies. Among the newly developed materials, siloxane-based polyurethanes have exhibited excellent biostability and are expected to find many applications in biomedical implants.

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3

Rutkowska, Maria. "Polyester polyurethane ionomers." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 31, no. 5 (April 1986): 1469–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1986.070310528.

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4

Nakajima-Kambe, T., Y. Shigeno-Akutsu, N. Nomura, F. Onuma, and T. Nakahara. "Microbial degradation of polyurethane, polyester polyurethanes and polyether polyurethanes." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 51, no. 2 (February 25, 1999): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051373.

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5

Chen, Hao, Hai Jun Zhou, De Ju Liu, and Yan Tao Li. "The Effect of Polyester Structures on the Damping Property of Polyurethane Elastomers." Advanced Materials Research 581-582 (October 2012): 710–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.581-582.710.

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Polyurethane elastomers (PU) based on polyester, TDI-100 and MOCA were synthesized by two step method. The polyurethane elastomers were investigated by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscope (AFM) and dynamic thermal mechanical analyses (DMA). The results show that the structure of polyester plays an important role in polyurethane damping materials. When the polyester contains more side methyl groups, the polyurethane material has high damping properties (tan δ) and wide damping zones. So the polyurethane damping property can be improved by choosing polyester with appropriate structure.

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6

Zheng, Qin, Shuling Gong, Haiqing Dong, and Yuanyin Chen. "Calix[4]arenes Used as a New Type of Chain Extender in the Preparation of Polyurethanes." Australian Journal of Chemistry 60, no. 3 (2007): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch06387.

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A series of polyether– or polyester–polyurethanes based on tetrahydrofuran–propylene oxide copolyether diol (PTMG/PPG) or poly(ethylene terephthalate) diol (PET), toluene diisocyanate (TDI), and three kinds of chain extenders including two calix[4]arene derivatives and 3,3´-dichloro-4,4´-diaminodiphenylmethane (MOCA) were synthesized in toluene. The thermal stability and mechanical properties of solvent-type polyurethanes were investigated. Incorporation of calixarenes into polyurethane backbones improved the thermal properties of the polyurethane as a result of the residual phenol hydroxy groups of the calix[4]arene units. Compared with polyurethane chain-extended by MOCA, the polyurethanes with calix[4]arene derivatives had higher elongation at break, lower elastic modulus, and lower yield strength, as a result of the larger steric cubage of calix[4]arene units and relatively large free volume of the polymer.

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7

Schmidt, Juliane, Ren Wei, Thorsten Oeser, Lukas Dedavid e Silva, Daniel Breite, Agnes Schulze, and Wolfgang Zimmermann. "Degradation of Polyester Polyurethane by Bacterial Polyester Hydrolases." Polymers 9, no. 12 (February 16, 2017): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym9020065.

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8

Zhu, Chun Liu, Can Tao, Jun Jie Bao, Yi Ping Huang, and Ge Wen Xu. "Waterborne Polyurethane Used as Binders for Lithium-Ion Battery with Improved Electrochemical Properties." Advanced Materials Research 1090 (February 2015): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1090.199.

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LiFePO4based Lithium-ion batteries are prepared by nonionic waterborne polyurethane with different soft segments which act as binder. FTIR is used to characterize the structure of waterborne polyurethanes .The emulsion viscosity, mechanical properties of films are measured. The result shows that, the emulsion viscosity and tensile strength of polyurethane based polyether glycol are smaller than polyurethane based polyester. Charge-discharge, cycle performance and AC impedance spectroscopy measurement indicat that the first charge-discharge efficiency is 92%, the biggest discharge capacity is 115 mAh/g for lithium-ion batteries based on waterborne polyurethane as adhesive which equaled to PVDF, the batteries have a good cycle performance and high cycle efficiency and the impedance of batteries are small than PVDF.

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9

Xu, Tingting, Cuifeng Zhang, and Lijun Chen. "Synthesis and characterisation of heatproof polyester polyols used in polyurethane adhesive." Pigment & Resin Technology 45, no. 6 (November 7, 2016): 439–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-11-2015-0109.

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Purpose Presently, a wide range of polyurethane adhesives can be obtained using different kinds of polyols and isocyanates. However, the applied temperature of the polyurethane adhesive is not more than 80°C. The film of polyurethane adhesive will be softened and deformed when its applied temperature is more than 100°C. Thus, the mechanical property of the polyurethane adhesive is decreased clearly, which limits its further application. The purpose of the study is to improve the heat resistance of polyols, especially polyester polyols and its resultant polyurethane adhesives. Design/methodology/approach The more rigid benzene ring is introduced into the polyester polyols to improve the heat resistance of its resultant polyurethane adhesive. Findings The more rigid benzene ring has ben introduced into the polyester polyols and the heat resistance of its resultant polyurethane adhesive is improved. Originality/value The polyester polyols with more rigid benzene ring have been prepared successfully by the vacuum melting method when diethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, ethanediol, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, sebacic acid and adipic acid are used as raw materials and tetra-isopropyl titanate is adopted as the catalyst.

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10

Kay, M. J., L. H. G. Morton, and E. L. Prince. "Bacterial degradation of polyester polyurethane." International Biodeterioration 27, no. 2 (January 1991): 205–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0265-3036(91)90012-g.

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11

Schmutz, Axel, Lea Menz, Stefan Schumann, and Sebastian Heinrich. "Dislodgement Forces and Cost Effectiveness of Dressings and Securement for Peripheral Intravenous Catheters: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 3192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9103192.

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Objectives: Peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVC) are the most frequently used invasive devices in medicine. PIVC failure before treatment completion is a significant concern and occurs in 33–69% of patients. Partial dislodgement and accidental removal are some of the reasons for PIVC failure. The most effective dressing and securement method for preventing accidental removal remains unclear. It was the aim of this study to compare the force required to dislodge a PIVC with four commonly used dressing and securement methods. Additionally, costs were calculated. Methods: Truncated 18-gauge i.v. cannulas were attached onto the forearm of 209 volunteers using four different dressings and securements (sterile absorbent wound dressing covered by two different types of elastic polyester fleece, bordered and non-bordered polyurethane). The force during continuously stronger pulling until dislodgement was recorded. Results: The highest resistance against dislodgement forces could be observed with a sterile absorbent wound dressing covered by two incised elastic polyester fleece dressings. Commercially-manufactured bordered and non-bordered polyurethan film dressings were 20% to 75% more expensive than sterile absorbent wound dressings covered by elastic polyester fleece dressing. Conclusions: Elastic polyester fleece secured a PIVC against accidental removal by external force best, compared to commercially-manufactured bordered and non-bordered polyurethane film dressing.

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12

Wu, Xiong, Bai Jie Zhou, Fan Zhuo Meng, Qian Hu, and Ji Lin Pan. "Influence of Aluminum Hydroxide Particles on the Properties of Polyurethane Based on Unsaturated Polyester." Advanced Materials Research 721 (July 2013): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.721.210.

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A polyurethane based on unsaturated polyesters (PUP) was prepared, which can be cured and cross-linking reaction under room temperature. The polyurethane-based resin exhibited excellent endurance to acid and base relative to traditional unsaturated polyester resin. Different content and particle size of aluminum hydroxide particles were added into the PUP to improve the properties of final materials. Experiment results showed that proper content and size of aluminum hydroxide particles can improve the mechanic properties, thermal stability and electrical insulation of PUP materials to some extent. Such result was confirmed by the fracture morphology of the samples because of the well dispersion of aluminum hydroxide particles into PUP phase.

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13

Pergal, Marija, Jasna Dzunuzovic, Sanja Ostojic, Miodrag Pergal, Aleksandra Radulovic, and Slobodan Jovanovic. "Poly(urethane-siloxane)s based on hyperbranched polyester as crosslinking agent: Synthesis and characterization." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 77, no. 7 (2012): 919–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc111013006p.

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A series of novel polyurethane crosslinked structures (PUs) was prepared from ?,?-dihydroxy-(ethylene oxide-poly(dimethylsiloxane)-ethylene oxide) (EO-PDMS-EO), 4,4?-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate and Boltorn? hyperbranched polyester of the third pseudo generation. The hydroxyfunctional hyperbranched aliphatic polyester with 26 end groups was used as crosslinking agent. In order to improve the compatibility of all reactants during the synthesis, PU samples were prepared by a step-growth polymerization in two stages in solution. The soft EO-PDMS-EO segment content was varied in the range from 15 to 40 wt.%. The influence of the EO-PDMS-EO content on the swelling behavior, crosslinking density, hardness, thermal and surface properties of the synthesized PUs was investigated. The structure of the synthesized polyurethanes was confirmed by the presence of specific bands in Fourier transform infrared spectra. Swelling studies were carried out to determine the crosslinking density and polyurethane networks with lower EOPDMS- EO content revealed higher crosslinking density. The glass transition temperature of the synthesized PUs, determined by differential scanning calorimetry, slightly increased from 50 to 58?C by decreasing EO-PDMS-EO content as a consequence of higher crosslinking density of samples. The increase of EO-PDMS-EO content leads to the better thermal stability, as it was confirmed by the value of the starting temperature of thermal degradation. The surface of the polyurethane networks became more hydrophobic with increasing EO-PDMS-EO content. The surface morphology of synthesized polyurethanes was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy.

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14

Ren, Long Fang, Zhen Li, and Xue Chuan Wang. "Characterization of Polyester Type Hyperbranched Polyurethane." Advanced Materials Research 554-556 (July 2012): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.554-556.187.

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Hyperbranched polyurethane (HPBU) was synthesized by the method of “arm first and core later”. The FT-IR and GPC were used to characterize the structure of HBPU. The results showed that the reaction happened as expected routine. Compared with common liner polyurethane, the Mn of HBPU increased 22% and Mw increased 37% at the same viscosity, which demonstrated that HBPU had advantage in low viscosity and easy flowing. The spectrum of X-ray shows the crystallinity of HBPU is higher than the PU, so the cell arranged of the HBPU is more regular.

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15

Chen, Lijun, and Wei Jiang. "Modification of polyurethane with novel blocking agent." Pigment & Resin Technology 43, no. 2 (February 25, 2014): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-04-2013-0030.

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Purpose – Fluorinated polyurethane combines some virtues of polyurethane and fluorinated polymer, such as low water absorption, attractive surface properties, good wearability and high weatherability. Fluorocarbon chains have been incorporated into polyurethanes by fluorinated diisocyanates, chain extenders, polyether glycols, polyester glycols and end-cappers. However, the fluorinated polyurethane, which is prepared with monohydric fluorocarbon alcohol, is seldom reported. The purpose of this research is to prepare and apply the novel fluorocarbon alcohols with side chain to modify polyurethane as the blocking agent. Design/methodology/approach – The novel fluorocarbon alcohol with side chain 2-methoxy-3-nonene perfluorinated oxygen propanol (MNPOP) can be prepared via alcoholysis reaction of methanol and 2,3-epoxypropyl perfluorinated nonene ether (EPPNE), which was prepared with etherification of hexafluoropropene trimer (HFPT) and 2,3-glycidol. Structures of EPPNE and MNPOP are confirmed with FTIR and NMR. The polyurethane can be modified when MNPOP is used as blocking agent. Findings – In comparison with the conventional polyurethane, the hydrophobic property of fluorinated polyurethane is improved. However, the increase of tensile strength of modified polyurethane is not obvious because MNPOP belongs to monohydric alcohol. And the function of MNPOP in the modified polyurethane is the blocking agent. The thermal stability of conventional and modified polyurethane is almost the same because MNPOP is de-blocked and fluorocarbon chains have not been incorporated into polyurethanes when the temperature is more than 150°C. Originality/value – The polyurethane is modified with the novel fluorocarbon alcohols with side chain, which functions as the blocking agent. The hydrophobic property of fluorinated polyurethane is improved.

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16

Oprea, S., V. E. Musteata, and V. O. Potolinca. "Molecular Dynamics of Linear and Crosslinked Polyester Urethanes Studied by Dielectric Spectroscopy." Journal of Elastomers & Plastics 43, no. 6 (September 26, 2011): 559–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095244311413645.

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The molecular dynamics of crosslinked polyurethanes have been studied by dielectric spectroscopy and compared with the dynamics of linear polyurethanes. Two local relaxations, γ and β, and a primary relaxation, α, were observed for all the samples, appearing in relation with the increase in temperature. The conductivity was studied at temperatures higher than the glass transition temperature and it was found to decrease with the increasing content of crosslinker. The presence of crosslinks strongly influences their dielectric properties, especially in the elastic state. The linear polyurethane exhibits the lowest α-relaxation temperature. For the crosslinked samples, α-relaxation temperature increases with increase in the amount of crosslinkers; β- and γ-relaxations are less affected by chemical crosslinking and their activation energies are in the ranges 40–55 and 34–37 kJ/mol, respectively. For the linear polyurethane, there is an exception in the case of the γ-relaxation, which has a higher activation energy determined by its physical crosslinks. Conductivity analysis reveals a high mobility of charge carriers and low barriers for the transport of the charged particles. Also, the conductivity process is dependent on the segmental mobility of polymers.

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17

Zhang, Junrui, Guojun Jiang, Tianhao Huang, Jun Xie, and Da Shi. "Preparation and characterization of polyurethane–silica hybrid films." Pigment & Resin Technology 48, no. 5 (September 2, 2019): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-03-2019-0029.

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Purpose The paper aims to provide a facile approach to the synthesis of polyurethane–silica nanocomposites by introducing self-made aqueous silica sols with different particle sizes into polyurethane materials. This paper investigates the effects of the silica nanoparticles on the polyester polyol, as well as the physical properties and transmittance of the hybrid polyurethane coatings. Design/methodology/approach Colloidal silica particles of different sizes were obtained using a sol–gel process and were then embedded into polyester polyol by in-situ polymerization. These polyester polyol–silica resins were synthesized using an azeotrope process, using xylene to remove the water generated in the system and present in the dispersion medium for the colloidal silica. The polyester polyol–silica resins were further cured using isocyanate trimers to form polyurethane–silica hybrid films. Findings The paper observed that the viscosity of the polyester polyol–silica nanocomposite resins increased and their appearance changed from transparent to ivory white as the particle size of the added silica was increased. It was found that increasing the hydroxyl content of the silica improved the film transmittance in the visible light region. However, the transmittance decreased sharply once the diameter of the silica particles reached 100 nm. Research limitations/implications Because of the limitation of experimental conditions, some performances have not been tested. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to conduct further tests. Practical implications The paper provides a method of preparing hybrid polyurethane film by using silica; the results indicate that the introduction of nano-silica can improve the wear resistance and glass transition temperature of polyurethane coatings. Originality/value The results obtained in this study will be extremely useful to enhance the understanding of organic–inorganic hybrid materials.

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18

Lin, Jia Horng, You Cheng Liao, Chao Chiung Huang, Chia Chang Lin, Chin Mei Lin, and Ching Wen Lou. "Manufacturing Process of Sound Absorption Composite Planks." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 1801–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.1801.

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In this study, the basic material for sound absorption was porous nonwoven made of polyester nonwoven and low-melting polyester fiber. Nonwoven was then attached with foam polyurethane as composite plank for sound absorption and sound isolation. We used two microphone impedance tubes for sound absorption test and INSTRON 5566 mechanical testing machine for tensile test. The optimum sound absorption coefficients as 0.67 ± 0.008 was obtained when density of foam polyurethane was 1.0 Kg/m3 with thickness of 20 mm; Polyester nonwoven were 9 layers; and low-melting polyester fiber was 30 wt% with thickness of 10 mm. Specimens obtained the maximum fracture stress when it contained low-melting polyester fiber at 30~40 wt%. The results of this study could be applied in the partitions inside ships, vehicles or buildings.

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19

Wang, Qing, Guang Xue Chen, Shuang Lian Chen, Jing Lei Tai, and Qi Feng Chen. "Research on Synthesis and Performance of Solvent-Free Aluminum-Plastic Composite Polyurethane Adhesive." Advanced Materials Research 583 (October 2012): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.583.9.

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A low-viscosity and solvent-free polyurethane adhesive was prepared with mixed polyester, polyether and IPDI as main raw materials. The influences of different moral ratios of polyester and polyether on reaction time, viscosity and water resistance, adhesive strength were researched. The effects of catalysts to adhesive were well discussed. The experimental results showed that polyurethane adhesives composed by mixed polyester and polyether had low viscosity and had better waterproof quality. The adhesives showed the best comprehensive properties when the mole ratio of OHs of polyether to OHs of polyester was 0.3/0.7. Catalysts added to this adhesive could speed the curing reaction, but it reduced the peel strength of the adhesives.

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20

Chen, Yi, Guang Sheng Zeng, Wen Yong Liu, and Yu Gang Huang. "Study on the Synthesis and Characters of Waterborne Polyester Resin." Advanced Materials Research 430-432 (January 2012): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.430-432.92.

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The waterborne polyester resin was synthesized by esterification between different dibasic acids and diatomic alcohols, while the self-emulsifying groups were introduced to the end of the molecular chain. The influences of the kinds and mass of reactants on the characters of waterborne polyester and polyurethanes film were researched. The results showed that with the increase of blocking agent TMA or HHPA as blocking agent to introduce self-emulsifying group, in waterborne polyester resin, the acid value and molecular weight rise obviously, Mn/Mw rises slightly, the storage stability becomes better, the glass-transition temperature and temperature at the biggest speed of losing weight both become higher. When the mass of TMA and HHPA is 6%wt of whole acids and alcohols, the polyester with appropriate acid value, molecular weight and saving stability could be prepared. The polyurethane film, made by waterborne polyester synthesized through such formula: acids: alcohols = 1, in acids, PA: IPA: AA =1:5:1.5; in alcohols, NPG: BEPG =1/2 (all mass ratio), owns good mechanical characters and stability.

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21

Senichev, V. Y., E. V. Pogorel’tsev, A. I. Slobodinyuk, and M. A. Makarova. "THE RELATIONSHIP OF ABRASIVE WEAR OF URETHAN-CONTAINING ELASTOMERS WITH THEIR PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES." Materials Science, no. 2 (2021): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31044/1684-579x-2021-0-2-25-28.

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The relationship between abrasive wear and the physicomechanical properties of casting polyurethane and polyurethane urea elastomers based on P-6BA polyester in the widest range of their elastic properties was investigated.

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22

Hung, Chia-Suei, Daniel E. Barlow, Vanessa A. Varaljay, Carrie A. Drake, Audra L. Crouch, John N. Russell, Lloyd J. Nadeau, Wendy J. Crookes-Goodson, and Justin C. Biffinger. "The biodegradation of polyester and polyester polyurethane coatings using Papiliotrema laurentii." International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 139 (April 2019): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2019.02.002.

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23

Chuang, Yu-Chun, Limin Bao, Pey Yu Chen, Ching-Wen Lou, and Jia-Horng Lin. "Buffering sandwiches made of thermoplastic polyurethane honeycomb grids: Manufacturing technique and property evaluations." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 21, no. 6 (November 19, 2017): 1975–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636217739547.

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Diverse products are delivered from the production place to different destinations, during which any impacts or shakes easily lead to the damage of products. Buffering packaging materials are thus used to absorb the energy caused by damage, thereby preserving the goods. Buffering packaging materials are commonly made of plastics and foams, which are the materials that have limited buffering effect and cannot be repetitively used. Therefore, this study proposes eco-friendly buffering sandwich-structured composites using thermoplastic polyurethane honeycomb grids and three-dimensional crimped, flame-resistant polyester nonwoven fabrics. Thermoplastic polyurethane honeycomb grids have advantages of a lightweight, a high strength, and high impact resistance. Thus, thermoplastic polyurethane honeycomb grids can be combined with flexible nonwoven fabrics that features ease of process to form environmentally friendly buffering packaging materials. Polyester nonwoven fabrics are made of differing basic weights. A total of one to three layers of polyester nonwoven fabrics serve as the cover sheets of the sandwiches, while a thermoplastic polyurethane grid serves as the interlayer in order to obtain different thicknesses. The buffering sandwiches are tested for bursting strength, air permeability, resilience rate, limited oxygen index, and drop-weight impact test, thereby characterizing their mechanical properties and buffering efficacy. The buffering sandwiches have an optimal residual impact stress of 4762 N when the polyester nonwoven fabrics have a basic weight of 150 g/m2. Moreover, the buffering sandwiches have an optimal resilient rate of 41.8% when they are composed of three-layered polyester cover sheets on both upper and lower sides, and are industrial product that qualified for use as buffering packaging.

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Zhang, Peng, and Heng Quan. "Study on the Micro-Phase Structure of Hydrophilic Polyurethane with Mixed Polyester and Polyether Soft Segments." Advanced Materials Research 554-556 (July 2012): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.554-556.195.

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Polyether-polyester nonionic hydrophilic polyurethanes with amorphous soft segment phase are prepared from 4,4’- diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), polybutylene adipate glycol 2000 (PBA2000) and polyethylene glycol 1000 (PEG1000) with 1,4-butanediol (BDO) as chain extender. Further more, the relationships between micro-phase structure and chemical structure of samples is investigated. The studies show that the chemical structure has remarkable effects on the micro-phase structure of hydrophilic polyurethane and micro-phase separation degree of the mixed soft domains.

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25

Damani, S. G., and L. James Lee. "The resin-fiber interface in polyurethane and polyurethane-unsaturated polyester hybrid." Polymer Composites 11, no. 3 (June 1990): 174–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750110306.

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26

Lin, Jia Horng, Chia Chang Lin, Chao Chiung Huang, Ching Wen Lin, You Cheng Liao, and Ching Wen Lou. "Manufacturing Technique and Property Evaluation of Sound Absorption Composite Planks." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 1933–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.1933.

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In this study, the basic material for sound absorption was porous nonwoven made of polyester nonwoven and low-melting polyester fiber. Nonwoven was then attached with foam polyurethane as composite plank for sound absorption and sound isolation. We used two microphone impedance tube for sound absorption test and INSTRON 5566 mechanical testing machine for tensile test. The optimum sound absorption coefficients as 0.67 ± 0.008 was obtained when density of foam polyurethane was 1.0 Kg/㎥ with thickness of 20 mm; Polyester (PET) nonwoven were laminated with 9 layers in a total thickness of 10 mm; and its low-melting polyester fiber was 30 wt%. The composite plank obtained the maximum fracture stress when it contained low-melting-point (low-Tm) PET fiber at 30~40 wt%. The results of this study could be applied in the partitions inside ships, vehicles or buildings.

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27

Ni, Hai, Jeremy L. Daum, Pauline R. Thiltgen, Mark D. Soucek, William J. Simonsick, Wenqing Zhong, and Allen D. Skaja. "Cycloaliphatic polyester-based high-solids polyurethane coatings." Progress in Organic Coatings 45, no. 1 (September 2002): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-9440(02)00100-5.

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28

Mhatre, R. A., P. A. Mahanwar, V. V. Shertukde, and V. A. Bambole. "UV curable polyester‐based polyurethane acrylate nanocoating." Pigment & Resin Technology 39, no. 5 (September 14, 2010): 268–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03699421011076371.

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Valette, Ludovic, and Chih-Pin Hsu. "Polyurethane and unsaturated polyester hybrid networks: 2." Polymer 40, no. 8 (April 1999): 2059–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-3861(98)00428-5.

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30

Russell, Jonathan R., Jeffrey Huang, Pria Anand, Kaury Kucera, Amanda G. Sandoval, Kathleen W. Dantzler, DaShawn Hickman, et al. "Biodegradation of Polyester Polyurethane by Endophytic Fungi." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 17 (July 15, 2011): 6076–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00521-11.

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ABSTRACTBioremediation is an important approach to waste reduction that relies on biological processes to break down a variety of pollutants. This is made possible by the vast metabolic diversity of the microbial world. To explore this diversity for the breakdown of plastic, we screened several dozen endophytic fungi for their ability to degrade the synthetic polymer polyester polyurethane (PUR). Several organisms demonstrated the ability to efficiently degrade PUR in both solid and liquid suspensions. Particularly robust activity was observed among several isolates in the genusPestalotiopsis, although it was not a universal feature of this genus. TwoPestalotiopsis microsporaisolates were uniquely able to grow on PUR as the sole carbon source under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Molecular characterization of this activity suggests that a serine hydrolase is responsible for degradation of PUR. The broad distribution of activity observed and the unprecedented case of anaerobic growth using PUR as the sole carbon source suggest that endophytes are a promising source of biodiversity from which to screen for metabolic properties useful for bioremediation.

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Diaconu, I., D. O. Dorohoi, and F. Topoliceanu. "Electrostriction of a Polyurethane Elastomer-Based Polyester." IEEE Sensors Journal 6, no. 4 (August 2006): 876–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2006.877978.

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Khan, Sehroon, Sadia Nadir, Zia Ullah Shah, Aamer Ali Shah, Samantha C. Karunarathna, Jianchu Xu, Afsar Khan, Shahzad Munir, and Fariha Hasan. "Biodegradation of polyester polyurethane by Aspergillus tubingensis." Environmental Pollution 225 (June 2017): 469–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.03.012.

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Motawie, A. M., E. M. Sadek, M. M. B. Awad, and A. Fakhr El-Din. "Coatings from epoxidized (polyurethane-polyester) resin system." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 67, no. 3 (January 18, 1998): 577–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19980118)67:3<577::aid-app20>3.0.co;2-r.

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Yang, Dong Ya, Li Han, Han Qing Zhang, and Feng Xian Qiu. "Investigation of Hyperbranced Polyesters with Different Generation and their Application in Waterborne Polyurethanes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 152-154 (January 2012): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.152-154.91.

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The 1st, 2nd and 3rd generations of hydroxyl-terminated hyperbranched polyesters (HBPE-1, HBPE-2, and HBPE-3) were synthesized. A3rd generation hyperbranched polyester (HBPE-3) was used as original crosslinking agent to prepared hyperbranched waterborne polyurethane dispersions (HPU). FTIR spectra confirmed that this reaction really took place. The experimental data indicated that, compared with the linear one, the hyperbranched HPU aqueous dispersions exhibited lower viscosity, and larger particle size. For the hyperbranched HPU films, mechanical properties were obviously enhanced.

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Du, Wen Qin, and Ren Wang. "Study on Environmental-Friendly Waterborne Polyurethane Flame-Retardant Coating Polyester Fabric." Advanced Materials Research 1088 (February 2015): 455–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1088.455.

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A flame-retardant polyester fabric was obtained by eco-friendly water-based polyurethane adhesive for coating, which was made of waterborne polyurethane and several flame retardants. It was found that the combination of Doher6206 and MCA is an effective flame retardant. The concentrations of the combination and polyurethane as well as the process conditions were optimized. The optimize result was gained while the cure temperature was 150°C, cure time was 3 min, coating width was 0.1mm and coating rate was 4.15 m/min. Because of the good performance in flame-retardant and eco-friendly, the flame-resistant polyester fabric has the potential to be used in the inner decoration of the car and the plane, curtain, and the inhibitor of baby car and so on.

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Rajić, Ivona, Emi Govorčin Bajsić, and Tamara Holjevac Grgurić. "Application of polyurethane in the production of shoe soles." Koža & obuća 69, no. 1 (2021): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.34187/ko.69.1.2.

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Good footwear should be comfortable, long-lasting and fit for purpose, polyurethanes allow designers to meet all of these objectives. Polyurethanes are used in the footwear industry to make insoles and shoe soles.There are two types of PU soles a polyether and polyester based PU sole. Polyether based PU soles have a high resistance against hydrolysis and low oil resistance while polyester based PU soles have a low resistance against hydrolysis and high oil resistance. In this work thermal and mechanical properties of PU elastomers with polyether and polyester polols with different hard segment content were investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicated partial crystalinity structure of the PU elastomers. PU elastomers based on polyether type polyol show the higher degree of crystalization. Based on DMAresults , Tgvalues of the PU increases and broadened with increasing hard segment content in the PU elastomers based on polyester polyol, due to the interaction between the urethane groups and the ester carbonyl groups. Mechanical studies indicated that the tensile strength of PU elastomers increased with hard segment.

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Álvarez-Barragán, Joyce, Lilianha Domínguez-Malfavón, Martín Vargas-Suárez, Ricardo González-Hernández, Guillermo Aguilar-Osorio, and Herminia Loza-Tavera. "Biodegradative Activities of Selected Environmental Fungi on a Polyester Polyurethane Varnish and Polyether Polyurethane Foams." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, no. 17 (June 17, 2016): 5225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01344-16.

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ABSTRACTPolyurethane (PU) is widely used in many aspects of modern life because of its versatility and resistance. However, PU waste disposal generates large problems, since it is slowly degraded, there are limited recycling processes, and its destruction may generate toxic compounds. In this work, we isolated fungal strains able to grow in mineral medium with a polyester PU (PS-PU; Impranil DLN) or a polyether PU (PE-PU; Poly Lack) varnish as the only carbon source. Of the eight best Impranil-degrading strains, the six best degraders belonged to theCladosporium cladosporioidescomplex, including the speciesC. pseudocladosporioides,C. tenuissimum,C. asperulatum, andC. montecillanum, and the two others were identified asAspergillus fumigatusandPenicilliumchrysogenum. The best Impranil degrader,C. pseudocladosporioidesstrain T1.PL.1, degraded up to 87% after 14 days of incubation. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis of Impranil degradation by this strain showed a loss of carbonyl groups (1,729 cm−1) and N—H bonds (1,540 and 1,261 cm−1), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed a decrease in ester compounds and increase in alcohols and hexane diisocyanate, indicating the hydrolysis of ester and urethane bonds. Extracellular esterase and low urease, but not protease activities were detected at 7 and 14 days of culture in Impranil. The best eight Impranil-degrading fungi were also able to degrade solid foams of the highly recalcitrant PE-PU type to different extents, with the highest levels generating up to 65% of dry-weight losses not previously reported. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of fungus-treated foams showed melted and thinner cell wall structures than the non-fungus-treated ones, demonstrating fungal biodegradative action on PE-PU.IMPORTANCEPolyurethane waste disposal has become a serious problem. In this work, fungal strains able to efficiently degrade different types of polyurethanes are reported, and their biodegradative activity was studied by different experimental approaches. Varnish biodegradation analyses showed that fungi were able to break down the polymer in some of their precursors, offering the possibility that they may be recovered and used for new polyurethane synthesis. Also, the levels of degradation of solid polyether polyurethane foams reported in this work have never been observed previously. Isolation of efficient polyurethane-degrading microorganisms and delving into the mechanisms they used to degrade the polymer provide the basis for the development of biotechnological processes for polyurethane biodegradation and recycling.

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Yeoh, Fang Hoong, Choy Sin Lee, Yew Beng Kang, Shew Fung Wong, Sit Foon Cheng, and Wei Seng Ng. "Production of Biodegradable Palm Oil-Based Polyurethane as Potential Biomaterial for Biomedical Applications." Polymers 12, no. 8 (August 17, 2020): 1842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12081842.

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Being biodegradable and biocompatible are crucial characteristics for biomaterial used for medical and biomedical applications. Vegetable oil-based polyols are known to contribute both the biodegradability and biocompatibility of polyurethanes; however, petrochemical-based polyols were often incorporated to improve the thermal and mechanical properties of polyurethane. In this work, palm oil-based polyester polyol (PPP) derived from epoxidized palm olein and glutaric acid was reacted with isophorone diisocyanate to produce an aliphatic polyurethane, without the incorporation of any commercial petrochemical-based polyol. The effects of water content and isocyanate index were investigated. The polyurethanes produced consisted of > 90% porosity with interconnected micropores and macropores (37–1700 µm) and PU 1.0 possessed tensile strength and compression stress of 111 kPa and 64 kPa. The polyurethanes with comparable thermal stability, yet susceptible to enzymatic degradation with 7–59% of mass loss after 4 weeks of treatment. The polyurethanes demonstrated superior water uptake (up to 450%) and did not induce significant changes in pH of the medium. The chemical changes of the polyurethanes after enzymatic degradation were evaluated by FTIR and TGA analyses. The polyurethanes showed cell viability of 53.43% and 80.37% after 1 and 10 day(s) of cytotoxicity test; and cell adhesion and proliferation in cell adhesion test. The polyurethanes produced demonstrated its potential as biomaterial for soft tissue engineering applications.

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Wang, Yu Xiu, and Guang Xue Chen. "Synthesis of Novel Hyperbranched Polyurethane Acrylate Based on Pentaerythritol." Applied Mechanics and Materials 731 (January 2015): 515–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.731.515.

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To study the structure and properties of hyperbranched polyesters as well as the modified ones. Three generations of hyperbranched polyesters named HBPE-1, HBPE-2 and HBPE-3 were synthesized by the reactions from pentaerythritol and 2,2-dihydroxy-methyl-propionic acid by single-step polycondensation. They were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and the results indicated they possessed a high degree of branching. Then homemade urethane acrylate prepolymer reacted with three generations of hydroxyl-terminated hyperbranched polyesters introducing C=C contents, the product was characterized by FT-IR, DSC, TGA techniques. The results of TGA showed well thermal stability of all the products. TGA curves of the modified HBPES showed two stages, 280-350°C means pyrolysis of main chain ester section and 400-450°C means pyrolysis of urethane acrylate section. The results of DSC indicated that glass transition temperature increased with the number of the hyperbranched polyester units’ increment. What’s more, glass transition temperature of HBPE-3 was 48.13°C. HPUA-3 was semi-crystalline material, its glass transition temperature was-12.59°C, cold crystallization temperature Tc 110.92°C, melting temperature Tm 134.74°C. Since the introduction of a large number of unsaturated units to the end, the resin can be introduced into the UV-curable systems for paints, inks, adhesives and some other fields.

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WANG, Xuemei, Xiang GUI, Yingping QI, Yongfeng SHEN, and Hua LI. "Research Progress of Biodegradable Polyester Polyols Based on Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclohexene Carbonate." Materials Science 26, no. 3 (February 27, 2020): 323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.26.3.21964.

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The polycarbonate polyols(PCD) obtained by ring-opening polymerization of a general cyclic monomer is mostly a linear flexible structure, which is used as a raw material to synthesize polyurethanes, and it is difficult to simultaneously ensure good thermal-mechanical properties and weather resistance due to insufficient rigidity of the main chain. However, PCD based on ring-opening polymerization of cyclohexene carbonate (CHC), endowing with polyurethanes good mechanical properties, weather ability and biological stability because of the rigid structure of six-membered aliphatic rings in the main chain. Therefore, in this paper, the method and principle of preparing new polycarbonate polyols based on ring-opening polymerization of cyclohexene carbonate (CHC) are introduced. And the problems and countermeasures in its development and its application in polyurethane materials are discussed.

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Chen, Yi, Wen Yong Liu, Guang Sheng Zeng, Xiang Gang Li, and Ling Gu. "Study on the Synthesis of Polyester Type Waterborne Polyurethane and Modifying by Nano-Sized Particles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 656–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.656.

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The waterborne polyurethane was prepared by reaction between polyester polyol and isophorone diisocyanat, different nanoparticles were filled into the system for modification. The effect of different ratio of materials, the kinds and mass of nanoparticles on the characters of waterborne polyurethane latex and film were investigated. The results showed that the stable polyurethane latex and polyurethane film with perfect characters could be prepared when the ratio of NNCO/NOH was 2.5~3.0, the DMPA with a mass fraction of 5%~6% was added into reaction as a macromolecule extender after adding small molecule chain extender BPO. Filling nanoparticles into the polyurethane latex could improve the water resistance and mechanical characters of the film. Nano-sized SiO2 was a better modifier than TiO2, and the appropriate mass fraction of SiO2 was 6% of polyurethane raw materials.

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ASAI, Kiyotsugu, Hohei LIN, Shin-ichi INOUE, Kenzo KOJIMA, and Hiroshi OKAMOTO. "The Electrostrictive Response of Polyester-Based Polyurethane Elastomers." KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 56, no. 11 (1999): 725–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/koron.56.725.

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袁, 凤. "Synthesis and Performance Research of Polyester Polyurethane Elastomers." Material Sciences 06, no. 02 (2016): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ms.2016.62013.

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44

Schwab, Johann, Giancarlo C. Bagaglio, J. Martin Bentley, and Annette Christfreund. "Tailor Made Polyester Polyurethane Elastomers for Shoe Soling." Journal of Elastomers & Plastics 20, no. 3 (July 1988): 208–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009524438802000304.

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Cherian, A. Benny, Beena T. Abraham, and Eby Thomas Thachil. "Modification of unsaturated polyester resin by polyurethane prepolymers." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 100, no. 1 (2006): 449–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.23131.

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Hsu, T. Jeffrey, and L. James Lee. "Processing of polyurethane–polyester interpenetrating polymer network (IPN)." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 36, no. 5 (August 20, 1988): 1157–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1988.070360517.

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Yang, Y. S., and L. James Lee. "Polymerization of polyurethane-polyester interpenetrating polymer network (IPN)." Macromolecules 20, no. 7 (July 1987): 1490–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00173a008.

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KROL, PIOTR, and JOANNA WOJTURSKA. "Interpenetrating polymer networks of polyurethane and unsaturated polyester." Polimery 47, no. 04 (April 2002): 242–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2002.242.

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Foks, J., H. Janik, and M. Pohl. "Ruthenium tetroxide staining of semicrystalline polyester polyurethane films." European Polymer Journal 27, no. 7 (January 1991): 729–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-3057(91)90165-k.

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KRYSINSKI, E. P., L. J. BROWN, and T. J. MARCHISELLO. "Effect of Cleaners and Sanitizers on Listeria monocytogenes Attached to Product Contact Surfaces." Journal of Food Protection 55, no. 4 (April 1, 1992): 246–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-55.4.246.

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A variety of chemical cleaning and sanitizing compounds were evaluated for their ability to remove and/or inactivate surface adherent Listeria monocytogenes. Adherent cells were obtained by incubating 1-cm2 chips of stainless steel or plastic conveyor belts with a multistrain cocktail of L. monocytogenes for 24 h at 25°C. Resistance of adherent cells to sanitizers was dependent upon the surface studied, being greatest on polyester/polyurethane followed by polyester and stainless steel. Biofilm removal with cleaners followed the same pattern as sanitizers with the polyester/polyurethane surface being most difficult to clean. Complete biofilm removal and/or inactivation was obtained in many cases where the surface was first cleaned prior to exposure to sanitizer. The data support conventional wisdom in that cleaning must precede sanitizing in order to remove and inactivate microorganisms. Listeria biofilms should be controllable by combining Good Manufacturing Practices with the discipline of a Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point Program.

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