Journal articles: 'Polyester resin'

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Journal, Baghdad Science. "The use of Some Aliphatic Halorgano antimony Compounds as combustion Retarding agents of Unsaturated Polyester and Epoxy Resins." Baghdad Science Journal 7, no. 4 (December 5, 2010): 1389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.7.4.1389-1394.

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Four antimony compounds were used in this inves as additives to retard combustion of unsaturated polyester and epoxy resins, namely: 1. Tetraethyl ammonium tribromoethylantimonates (additive I). 2. Tetraethyl ammonium chlorodibromoethylantimonates (additive II). 3. Tetraethyl ammonium trichloroethylantimonates (additive III). 4. Tetraethyl ammonium bromodichloroethylantimonates (additive IV). The effects of these additives on flammability of unsaturated polyester and epoxy resins have been studied by using sheets of the resins with weight percentages of (0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5&3.0%) of the additives in dimensions of (150 X150X3)mm .Three standard test methods were used to measure the flame retardation which are: (ASTM:D -2863), (ASTM:D-635)and (ASTM:D-3014). The results obtained from these tests indicated that, additive I has a high efficiency as flame retardant causing , self – extinguishing (S.E.) at the percentage of (2.0%) for unsaturated polyester resin and the percentage (2.5%) for epoxy resin. Self – extinguishing (S.E.) of additives II and IV were at the percentage of (2.5%) for unsaturated polyester resin and (3.0%) in the case of epoxy resin. Additive III showed low effect on flammability in both resins

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Chowdhury, A., S. K. Singh, and P. Anthony. "Structural and Thermal Characterization of Castor Oil Based Unsaturated Polyester Resin." Asian Journal of Chemistry 32, no. 7 (2020): 1763–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2020.22689.

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In the present study, unsaturated polyester resins based on castor oil was synthesized. Structure elucidation of the synthesized unsaturated polyester resin was done by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to evaluate the thermal stability of cured unsaturated polyester resin. Thermogram plot was further utilized to calculate various other parameters such as statistic heat-resistant index (Ts) and the integral procedural decomposition temperature (IPDT). Comparable properties with respect to commercial resins were reported for the synthesized polymers

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Sarkar, Forkan, Mahmudul Akonda, and Darshil U. Shah. "Mechanical Properties of Flax Tape-Reinforced Thermoset Composites." Materials 13, no. 23 (December 1, 2020): 5485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13235485.

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Three thermoset resin systems—bio-epoxy, epoxy, and polyester-with 30 v% flax fiber reinforcement have been studied to identify the optimal fiber–resin combination in a typical composite structure. Tensile, interface and interlaminar shear strength together with flexural and impact damage tolerance were compared in this study. The results revealed that mechanical and interfacial properties were not significantly affected by the different resin systems. Microscopy studies reveal that epoxy laminates predominantly fail by fibre linear breakage, polyester laminates by fiber pull-out, and bio-epoxy laminates by a combination of the two. The higher failure strains and pull-out mechanism may explain the better impact damage tolerance of polyester composites. Flow experiments were also conducted, revealing faster impregnation and lower void content with polyester resin, followed by bio-epoxy, due to their lower viscosities. Overall, bio-epoxy resin demonstrates comparable performance to epoxy and polyester resins for use in (semi-)structural bio-composites.

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Hay, Iain D., Jinping Du, Natalie Burr, and Bernd H. A. Rehm. "Bioengineering of Bacteria To Assemble Custom-Made Polyester Affinity Resins." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 1 (October 24, 2014): 282–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02595-14.

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ABSTRACTProof of concept for thein vivobacterial production of a polyester resin displaying various customizable affinity protein binding domains is provided. This was achieved by engineering various protein binding domains into a bacterial polyester-synthesizing enzyme. Affinity binding domains based on various structural folds and derived from molecular libraries were used to demonstrate the potential of this technique. Designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins), engineered OB-fold domains (OBodies), and VHHdomains from camelid antibodies (nanobodies) were employed. The respective resins were produced in a single bacterial fermentation step, and a simple purification protocol was developed. Purified resins were suitable for most lab-scale affinity chromatography purposes. All of the affinity domains tested produced polyester beads with specific affinity for the target protein. The binding capacity of these affinity resins ranged from 90 to 600 nmol of protein per wet gram of polyester affinity resin, enabling purification of a recombinant protein target from a complex bacterial cell lysate up to a purity level of 96% in one step. The polyester resin was efficiently produced by conventional lab-scale shake flask fermentation, resulting in bacteria accumulating up to 55% of their cellular dry weight as polyester. A further proof of concept demonstrating the practicality of this technique was obtained through the intracellular coproduction of a specific affinity resin and its target. This enablesin vivobinding and purification of the coproduced “target protein.” Overall, this study provides evidence for the use of molecular engineering of polyester synthases toward the microbial production of specific bioseparation resins implementing previously selected binding domains.

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Li, Jian, Kai Zhang, and Xun Zhang Yu. "Thickening Mechanism of Crystalline Polyester Involved in Low Pressure Sheet Molding Compounds." Advanced Materials Research 152-153 (October 2010): 619–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.152-153.619.

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In this article, for a better understanding of the viscosity changes in LPMC (low pressure sheet molding compounds), the thickening mechanism of crystalline polyesters was studied. And by means of varying the content of crystalline polyester resin, the thickening effect on resin paste was investigated, too. Results gained during experiments showed that there existed three kinds of functions acting in the process of thickening: swelling, hydrogen bonds and induction crystallization. The thickening effect was excellent when the amount of crystalline polyester resin was 3%. This research supports the producing process for LPMC with theory basement.

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Sun, Jia Ying, Yan Qing Li, Wei Tian, and Cheng Yan Zhu. "Study on the Resin Curing Time and the Mechanical Properties of the Composites." Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (December 2012): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.33.

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In order to study the curing characteristics of common resins including bisphenol-A epoxy vinyl ester resin, phenolic epoxy vinyl ester resin and unsaturated polyester resin, the curing time of three resins was tested using cobalt naphthenate as accelerator and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide as curing agent. The results showed that the resin curing time reduces with the experimental temperature rising; in order to control the curing time at about 25 minutes when the experimental temperature is 23°C, the curing agent adding proportion of bisphenol-A epoxy vinyl ester resin, unsaturated polyester resin and phenolic epoxy vinyl ester resin are respective about 0.7%, 0.5% and 1.8%. The composites made by bisphenol-A epoxy vinyl ester resin have excellent tensile strength and composites made by phenolic epoxy vinyl ester resin have best bending strength.

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Hadavand, Behzad Shirkavand, Farhood Najafi, Mohammad Reza Saeb, and Alireza Malekian. "Hyperbranched polyesters urethane acrylate resin." High Performance Polymers 29, no. 6 (March 17, 2017): 651–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008317696566.

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In the present study, response surface methodology is used to synthesize hyperbranched polyesters based on variables reaction time, ratio of monomer to core, and type of catalyst. Then, the synthesized polyesters were used for preparing hyperbranched urethane acrylates in two steps. In order to characterize these polymers, infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance is used. Hyperbranched urethane acrylates were formulated and cured by ultraviolet irradiation. Finally, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) test is used to investigate the viscoelastic properties of the coatings. The results of DMTA test were shown that the higher molar mass distribution of hyperbranched polyester is associated with less uniformity of cross-link network of cured samples. Also by increasing the molar mass of hyperbranched polyester, glass transition temperature of cured urethane acrylate resins was increased. The samples produced by using methane sulfonic acid catalyst show higher strength and more uniform cross-link network than the those made by sulfuric acid catalyst.

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Benny Cherian, A., and Eby Thomas Thachil. "Toughening Studies of an Unsaturated Polyester Resin Using Maleated Elastomers." Progress in Rubber and Plastics Technology 17, no. 4 (November 2001): 205–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147776060101700401.

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Unsaturated polyester resins are extensively used in the fibre-reinforced plastic industry. The fracture toughness and impact resistance of rigid unsaturated polyester can be improved by the incorporation of elastomers by physical and chemical methods. In the physical method, two strategies are adopted. In the first, various masticated elastomers are dissolved in styrene and blended with unsaturated polyester resin. In this study, the mechanical properties of cured blends are compared with the unmodified resin and the performance of nitrile rubber is found to be far superior to all other rubbers considered. In the second approach, elastomers are modified by grafting with maleic anhydride. These maleated elastomers are then dissolved in styrene and blended with polyester resin. Maleic anhydride modified elastomers are found to improve the mechanical properties such as toughness, impact resistance and tensile strength of the cured resin to a greater extent compared to unmodified elastomers.

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Albaqami, Munirah D., Yagya Dutta Dwivedi, N. Krishnamoorthy, M. Logesh Kumar, L. H. Manjunatha, Ch Mallika Chowdary, Saikh Mohammad Wabaidur, A. Rajendra Prasad, Rupesh V. Chikhale, and S. Praveen Kumar. "Investigation on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of a Kenaf/Jute Fiber-Reinforced Polyester Hybrid Biocomposite." Advances in Polymer Technology 2022 (July 13, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7408135.

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This study investigates the mechanical and thermal properties of biocomposite in relation to their hybridization. Compression moulding was utilised to produce hybrid biocomposites composed of polyester resin reinforced with kenaf, jute, and three distinct combinations of kenaf/jute fibers. To increase the bonding of kenaf and jute fibers with polyester resin, a 5 percent NaOH solution was administered to them. The following stacking sequences were used to manufacture a total of five different types of laminates: polyester resin 80 wt%/kenaf fiber 20 wt%, polyester resin 80 wt%/jute fiber 20 wt%), polyester resin 80 wt%/kenaf fiber 5 wt%/jute fiber 15 wt%, polyester resin 80 wt%/kenaf fiber 10 wt%/jute fiber 10 wt%, and polyester resin 80 wt%/kenaf fiber 15 wt%/jute fiber 5 wt%. In the mechanical and thermal tests, it was discovered that the polyester resin 80 wt%/jute fiber 20 wt% biocomposites had increased strength compared to the other hybrid biocomposites investigated.

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BALASHOV, M. S., K. A. KIRSHANOV, R. V. TOMS, N. V. SUVOROV, and A. YU GERVALD. "Determination of the quantitative and qualitative composition of unsaturated polyester resins by NMR spectroscopy." Plasticheskie massy 1, no. 1-2 (March 30, 2022): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35164/0554-2901-2022-1-2-28-33.

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Qualitative and quantitative composition of unsaturated polyester resin derived from known monomers mixture was investigated by means of NMR spectroscopy. To obtain the most comprehensive data of polyester microstructure 1H, 13C и {1H;1H} COSY NMR spectra were registered. NMR spectroscopy has been proven to be accurate and highly reliable method for composition analysis of unsaturated polyester resins.

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Hęclik, Karol, Jerzy Duliban, Barbara Dębska, and Jacek Lubczak. "Analysis of the Possibility and Conditions of Application of Methylene Blue to Determine the Activity of Radicals in Model System with Preaccelerated Cross-Linking of Polyester Resins." International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2019 (August 1, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2879869.

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Unsaturated polyester resins are usually processed using a curing system consisting of initiator and accelerator introduced into the resin. Actually, the producers apply built-in amine accelerators which can be named as preaccelerators. Commonly used preaccelerators for unsaturated resins are tertiary aromatic amines of which incorporation into resin structure may bring better stability. It also causes shorter gelation time of resins because of formation of active RO• radicals that initiate polymerization. Investigated radical reactions are too fast and there is no possibility of freezing it (in unsaturated polyester) to measure with Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR). The analytical methodology on radicals activity measurement in model of preaccelerated unsaturated polyester resin reaction with methylene blue as indicator was presented. Using methylene blue as indicator allows us to determine the activity of forming radicals in three-component system (cobalt salt, amine preaccelerator, peroxide, or hydroperoxide) during the reaction of radicals generating. Changes in radicals activity using methylene blue as interceptor can be observed by changes of transmittance in the UV-Vis spectrum in the range 400-950 nm.

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Feng, Lifei, Ran Li, Han Yang, Shanwei Chen, and Wenbin Yang. "The Hyperbranched Polyester Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Resin." Polymers 14, no. 6 (March 11, 2022): 1127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14061127.

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We report a method of reinforcing and toughening unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) with a kind of hyperbranched polyester (HBP-1). Polyethylene glycol with different molecular weight was used as the core molecule of the preparation reaction, and the reaction product of phthalic anhydride and glycerol was used as the branching unit. The esterification reaction of polycondensation occurred, and then the hydroxyl-terminated hyperbranched polyester was prepared. The reaction product of maleic anhydride and isooctanol was added to the prepared hydroxyl-terminated hyperbranched polyester for esterification reaction. Both ends of the hyperbranched polyester had unsaturated double bond to obtain the hyperbranched polyester (HBP-1). The effects of this treatment on the morphology, mechanical properties and thermal properties of the composites were studied in detail. The HBP-1 was investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The HBP-1/UPR composites were investigated by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), mechanical properties analysis and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results showed that HBP-1 enhanced the thermostability and mechanical properties of UPR. However, DMA indicated that the addition of HBP-1 cannot effectively improve the thermodynamic properties of UPR due to the flexible chain in HBP-1 structure. The HBP-1 improves tensile strength, bending strength and impact strength compared to neat UPR.

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Falkowski, P., and P. Elert. "Application of Water-Thinnable Photopolymerizable Resin for Shaping of Microreactors - Preliminary Results." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 56, no. 4 (December 1, 2011): 1177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10172-011-0132-7.

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Application of Water-Thinnable Photopolymerizable Resin for Shaping of Microreactors - Preliminary ResultsThe article presents the preliminary research on application of synthesized water-thinnable polyester resin for shaping of ceramic element by photopolymerization. The ceramic pastes made of alumina (30 vol%) and photocurable resins were used to prepare thin layers (tapes) and then were exposed to UV radiations. The cure depth and König hardness of cured layers were determined as well as the effect of a photoinitiator concentration on polymerization. The density of sintered ceramic samples also were examined. The research showed that the developed pastes with water-thinnable resin might be used to mold the ceramic elements by soft lithography method. The results obtained for polyester resin were compared with results obtained for commercially available photocurable resin.

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Brostow, Witold, Michael Bratychak, Dorota Pietkiewicz, and Petro Topilnytsky. "Polyesters on the basis of petroleum resin and polyethylene glycols." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 1, no. 3 (September 15, 2007): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht01.03.155.

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New polyesters have been obtained on the basis of C9 petroleum resin with carboxyl groups and polyethylene glycols. The average molecular mass of the petroleum resin is 1050, its functionality = 1.74. Optimal for the polyesters synthesis is the equimolar ratio between the initial compounds. The reaction is performed in the melt in the presence of p-toluenosulphuric acid as the catalyst. In the optimal temperature range 150 - 190oC the yield of the process ranges from 91 to 94 % depending on the conditions. The rate of the polyester formation reaction practically does not depend on the length of the acids or the alcohol chain molecules. The functionality is the decisive factor. We report the degrees of polycondensation of the new polyesters.

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Jatmika, Lara Putri, and Alimin Mahyudin. "Pengaruh Persentase Serat Sabut Kelapa dan Resin Polyester Terhadap Sifat Fisik dan Mekanik Papan Beton Ringan." Jurnal Fisika Unand 6, no. 4 (October 3, 2017): 387–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jfu.6.4.387-393.2017.

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Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai pengaruh persentase serat sabut kelapa dan resin polyester terhadap sifat fisik dan mekanik papan beton ringan. Persentase serat sabut kelapa yang digunakan adalah 0%, 0,2%, 0,4%, 0,6%, dan 0,8%. Persentase resin polyester pada penelitian ini adalah 0%, 0,25%, 0,5%, 0,75%, dan 1%. Pengujian yang dilakukan pada sampel meliputi uji densitas, daya serap air, porositas, kuat tekan, dan kuat lentur. Penambahan serat sabut kelapa dan resin polyester dapat membuat papan beton lebih ringan dibandingkan dengan papan GRC yang ada di pasaran. Nilai densitas yang terendah diperoleh pada 0,8% serat sabut kelapa yaitu 1,502 g/cm3 dan 0,75% resin polyester yaitu 1,509 g/cm3. Penambahan 0,6% serat sabut kelapa dan 0,75% resin polyester merupakan persentase optimum yang dapat diisikan ke dalam papan beton ringan. Nilai densitas papan beton ringan sudah memenuhi SNI 03-3449-2002 namun kuat tekan beton ringan jenis struktural belum memenuhi SNI 03-3449-2002. Nilai daya serap air beton ringan berbahan serat sabut kelapa dan resin polyester belum memenuhi SNI 03-2105-2006.Kata kunci: densitas, kuat tekan, porositas, resin polyester, serat sabut kelapa

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Heck, Christian T., Gwyneth Volkmann, and Holly N. Woodward. "Polyester or epoxy: assessing embedding product efficacy in paleohistological methods." PeerJ 8 (December 15, 2020): e10495. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10495.

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Histological examination of bone microstructure provides insight into extant and extinct vertebrate physiology. Fossil specimens sampled for histological examination are typically first embedded in an inexpensive polyester resin and then cut into thin sections, mounted on slides, and polished for viewing. Modern undecalcified bone is chemically processed prior to embedding in plastic resin, sectioning, mounting, and polishing. Conversely, small fossil material and modern undecalcified bone are typically embedded in higher priced epoxy resin because these specimen types require final sections near or below 100 µm thick. Anecdotal evidence suggests thin sections made of polyester resin embedded material polished thinner than 100 µm increases likelihood of sample peeling, material loss, and is unsuitable for modern tissue and small fossil material. To test this assertion, a sample of modern bones and fossil bones, teeth, and scales were embedded in either polyester resin or epoxy resin. Embedded specimens were sectioned and mounted following standard published protocol. Thin sections were ground on a lapidary wheel using decreasing grit sizes until tissue microstructure was completely discernible when viewed under a polarizing light microscope. Additionally, eight prepared thin sections (four from polyester resin embedded specimens and four from epoxy resin embedded specimens) were continuously ground on a lapidary wheel using 600 grit carbide paper until peeling occurred or material integrity was lost. Slide thickness when peeling occurred was measured for comparing slide thickness when specimen integrity was lost between the two resin types. Final slide thickness ranged from 38 µm to 247 µm when tissue was identifiable using a polarizing microscope. Finished slide thickness varied between resin types despite similar tissue visibility. However, finished slide thickness appears more dependent on hard tissue composition than resin type. Additionally, we did not find a difference of slide thickness when material was lost between resin types. The results of this preliminary study suggest that polyester resins can be used for embedding undecalcified modern hard tissues and fossilized hard tissues without loss of tissue visibility or material integrity, at least in the short term.

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Marinkovic, Aleksandar, Tijana Radoman, Enis Dzunuzovic, Jasna Dzunuzovic, Pavle Spasojevic, Bojana Isailovic, and Branko Bugarski. "Mechanical properties of composites based on unsaturated polyester resins obtained by chemical recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate)." Chemical Industry 67, no. 6 (2013): 913–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind130930077m.

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Composites based on unsaturated polyester (UPe) resins and fumed silica AEROSIL? RY 50, NY 50, RX 50 and NAX 50, as well as graphite, TiO2 or organically modified clay CLOISITE 30B were prepared in order to investigate the influence of reinforcing agents on the mechanical properties of composites. Unsaturated polyester resins were synthesized from maleic anhydride and products of glycolysis, obtained by depolymerization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) with dipropylene glycol (UPe1 resin) and triethylene glycol (UPe2 resin) in the presence of tetrabutyl titanate catalyst. The obtained unsaturated polyesters were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, acid and hydroxyl values, and their mechanical properties were also examined. Significant increase of the tensile modulus, tensile strength and decrease of the elongation at break was observed for composites prepared after addition of 10 wt.% of graphite or 10 wt.% of TiO2 to the UPe resins, indicating strong interaction between matrix and filler particles. On the other hand, nanocomposites prepared using UPe2 and hydrophobically modified silica nanoparticles showed lower tensile strength and tensile modulus than polymer matrix. The presence of CLOISITE 30B had no significant influence on the mechanical properties of UPe1, while tensile strength and tensile modulus of UPe2 increased after adding 10 wt.% of clay.

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Simunin, M. M., D. Yu Chirkov, A. N. Zaloga, Yu V. Fadeev, and A. A. Kuular. "Study of the distribution morphology of alumina nanofibers in polyester resins." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2388, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2388/1/012067.

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Abstract In this paper, the morphology of nanocomposite polyester resins has been studied. The basis was polyester resin NH6586 produced by Kinte. Aluminum oxide nanofibers were introduced into the resin, which are single crystals or chains of single crystals with the γ- Al2O3 structure with a diameter of 5 to 15 nm and up to 1 mm in length. The additive was introduced into the resin by the industry standard twin screw extrusion method. At the same time, the influence on the uniformity of distribution of the addition of mineral filler - submicron particles of titanium dioxide - was studied. It has been shown that conventional methods of mixing the additive do not allow the nanofibers to be completely distributed. In such cases, they are distributed in the form of microbundles. The addition of mineralfiller to the polyester resin improves the distribution of the alumina nanofibers so that no bundle inclusions are observed in the resin cleavage. Thus, it can be concluded that mineral additives of isometric particles are an effective homogenizer of aluminum oxide nanofibers in polymeric materials.

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YE, Xiufang, Jingxuan LIN, Dongchu CHEN, Menglei CHANG, and Hongyang WEI. "Design and Synthesis of Crystalline Carboxyl-terminated Polyester Resin." Materials Science 27, no. 2 (May 5, 2021): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j02.ms.24058.

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In this work, a novel semi-crystalline polyester resin synthesis was explored, then influence of alcohol/acid ratio and monomer’s structure on crystallinity of poliester resin were studied in details. The crystalline polyester resin was synthesized via a two-step melt-condensation method. The structure and performance of the polyester resin was characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared radiation, differential scanning calorimeter, thermogravimetric analysis and melt flow rate. The effect of molar ratio between alcohol monomer and carboxyl monomer on the structure and performance of polyester resin was studied, based on these, how the modifications (1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol) affected the crystalline properties of the resin were further studied and optimized with the multi-factors orthogonal test method, and the results show that the synthesized polyester resin meets the expected design, and has some crystalline structure. The change of hydroxyl/carboxyl ratio (-OH/-COOH) can affect the crystallinity: the larger the crystallinity, the smaller the melt flow rate. Two modifications containing rigid cyclohexyl groups with high symmetry can improve the crystallinity of polyester resin.

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TULLO, ALEXANDER H. "TURNING AROUND POLYESTER RESIN." Chemical & Engineering News Archive 89, no. 6 (February 7, 2011): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v089n006.p018.

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Prabha, Sachin, and G. B. Dattatray. "Experimental study of polymer matrix composites using polyester, hemp and calcium silicate." Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels 69, no. 12A (April 28, 2022): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2021/30147.

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The present study deals with the preparation of polymer matrix composites with polyester resin as matrix and hemp as reinforced material and calcium silicate as filler particles. The calcium silicate is available in powder form, and it is known that, filler particle increases the mechanical properties of polymer matrix composites. In this project work the different percentage of calcium silicate is added in polyester resin to improve its hardness, strength, and also mechanical properties of polyester resin. The objective of this project is to prepare PMCs using calcium silicate, hemp fibre and polyester resin using hand lay-up technique as per ASTM standards. In this project work, PMCs are prepared by varying three compositions i.e. 2% CaSiO3 + 5% hemp, and 93% polyester resin, 4% CaSiO3, 10% hemp and 86% polyester resin and 6% CaSiO3, 15% hemp and 79% polyester resin. The experimental test will be carried on prepared PMCs and find out the different mechanical characteristics such as tensile strength, compression strength, flexural strength and to study the dynamic behaviour of PMCs by using damping test with experimental set up.

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Fartini, M. S., M. S. Abdul Majid, Mohd Afendi, R. Daud, and Azizul Mohamad. "Effect of Nano-Clay and their Dispersion Techniques on Compressive Properties of Unsaturated Polyester Resin." Applied Mechanics and Materials 554 (June 2014): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.554.27.

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This paper aims to understand the relationship between processing parameters and compressive properties of nanoclay filled polyester resin (dispersion method and wt% of nanoclay particles). Unsaturated polyester resin with 0-5 wt% nanoclay content was prepared by hand mixing and through shears mixing of water bath shaker. Static uniaxial compression tests were conducted to investigate how the unsaturated polyester resins with nanoclay contents and processing will effect on the compressive stress-strain behaviour and compression properties. The experimental results show that the compressive strength and elastic modulus of nanomodified resin are significantly affected by type of mixing methods to prepare the specimens and the ratio of nanoparticles content during mixing. It was found out that the compressive strength and compressive modulus increase with the nanoclay content. The findings also indicate the dispersion of nanoclay by hand-mixed method yield higher compressive strength compared to that dispersed by water shaker bath.

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Laleh, F. Farhang, A. Pourtaghi Marzroud, and Naghd Ali Choupani. "Experimental and numerical investigation of the effect of adding silica nanoparticles on the behavior of composite polyester resin." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.13 (April 15, 2018): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.13.12678.

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This study examines the behavior of the composite composition of polyester resin containing silica nanoparticles and compares some of its mechanical properties, including the maximum permissible toughness and fracture toughness with the corresponding values of pure resin polyester. In other words, the present paper examines the effect of adding silica nanoparticles to polyester resins and forming a resistant nanocomposite. Silica nanoparticles are one of the important additives for polymer resins, and they promote some of their mechanical prop-erties. The experiments were carried out by the arcan device and on the butterfly arcan specimen. These specimens were loaded at seven different angles and the magnitude of maximum deflection was obtained. These angles produced pure tensile fashion, pure shear fashion, and five different modes of composite fashion, and the values of stress intensity coefficients and strain energy relaxation rates were obtained for each of the states.

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Zhang, X. R., L. Z. Liu, J. F. Li, W. W. Cui, and L. Weng. "Preparation of a low contact angle water-based coating using ultrasonic irradiation." Pigment & Resin Technology 43, no. 6 (November 3, 2014): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-10-2013-0101.

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Purpose The key purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different ultrasonic irradiation times on the wettability and other properties of the resulting water-based coating. The subject water-based coating was prepared using water-soluble polyester and amino resins by ultrasonic oscillation. Design/methodology/approach The coating was prepared by polymerising polyester and amino resins in water using ultrasonic oscillation. The coating was baked for 40 seconds at 350°C to coalesce and solidify the film. The contact angle, thermal stability and mechanical properties of the film, as well as the molecular weight (MW) and structure of the polyester resin, were determined. Findings The contact angle of the coating was found to decrease with ultrasonic irradiation; the mechanical properties and thermal stability were not altered when the irradiation time was longer than 5 hours. The MW of the polyester initially decreased then increased and stabilized with ultrasonic irradiation. The structure of polyester molecule and aggregated state of the solidified coating were not changed by ultrasonic irradiation. Research limitations/implications In the study reported here, the effects of different ultrasonic irradiation times were investigated. Results of this research could benefit in-depth understanding of the influence of ultrasonic treatment on polyester resins and polyester coatings and could further promote the development of water-based coatings. Originality/value The contact angle of the water-based coating decreased by mechanical means. The effects of ultrasound on microstructure and properties of the coating and resin were discussed in detail.

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Patel, Hasmukh S., and Kumar K. Panchal. "Interacting Blends of Novel Unsaturated Polyester Amide Resin with Styrene." E-Journal of Chemistry 1, no. 1 (2004): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2004/521631.

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Novel unsaturated poly (ester-amide) resins (UPEAs) were prepared by the reaction between an epoxy resin, namely diglycidyl ether of bisphenol–A (DGEBA) and unsaturated aliphatic bisamic acids using a base catalyst. These UPEAs were then blended with a vinyl monomer namely, Styrene (STY.) to produce a homogeneous resin syrup. The curing of these UPEAs-STY. resin blends was carried out by using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as a catalyst and was monitored by using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The glass fibre reinforced composites (i.e. laminates) of these UPEA-STY. resin blends were fabricated using the DSC data. The chemical, mechanical and electrical properties of the glass fibre composites have also been evaluated. The unreinforced cured samples of the UPEA-STY. resin blends were also analyzed by thermogravimetry (TGA).

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Muhammad, Muhammad, and Reza Putra. "Uji Mekanik Komposit Berpenguat Serat Pandan Duri dan Resin Polyester Dengan Variasi Komposisi Metoda Fraksi Berat." Jurnal Teknologi Kimia Unimal 6, no. 2 (March 23, 2018): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/jtku.v6i2.476.

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Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh nilai kekuatan tarik optimaldari komposit berpenguat serat pandan duri dan resin polyester melaluiperbandingan variasi komposisi metoda fraksi berat. Proses pembuatan spesimen uji dengan bahan serat pandan duri dan resin polyester sesuai dengan standar uji tarik ASTM D3039. Variasi perbadingan fraksi berat untuk resin dan seratadalah 30% : 70% ; 40% : 60% dan 50% : 50%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai kekuatan tarik maksimal adalah pada perbadingan komposisi komposit 40%berat resin polyester dan 60 % berat serat pandan duri, yaitu 0.45 Kg.f/mm2 dengan nilai beban maksimum rata yang mampu ditahan sebesar 43.87 Kg.f. Darihasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan komposit berpenguat serat pandan duridengan resin polyester telah memenuhi nilai standar minimum untuk sebuahmaterial baru fibreboard berdasarkan ISO 17064:2010.

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Desikan, B., and M. P. Jenarthanan. "Mathematical Modeling of Surface Roughness during Drilling of Resin Hybrid GFRP Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 854 (October 2016): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.854.18.

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The preparation, characterization and machinability of resin hybrid GFRP composites are presented in this paper. It is made up of Glass fiber and the mixture of epoxy and polyester resin. It was prepared by the traditional layout technique with the usage of Glass fiber. The weight percentages of GFRP are 0, 20 and 40 having the composition of polyester and epoxy resins. The study of ASTM revealed the variation of break loads and shear strength for three different combinations of epoxy and polyester resins. The main disadvantage of this method is that it resulted in poor dimensional stability and surface roughness. Our main goal was to minimize the surface roughness. There are certain drilling parameters such as composite material, point angle, spindle speed and feed rate during drilling of resin hybrid GFRP which are to be focused to minimize the surface roughness. The experiments were conducted and the results were obtained using Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array design. It was further analyzed using Signal-to-noise Ratio. Investigating the cutting characteristics of Resin hybrid GFRP proved to be mandatory. This was done by using the Analysis of variance (ANOVA). The Minitab 15 software was used to determine the correlation by linear Regression methods. The value obtained was subjected to a recheck to check the percentage error. The percentage error between the experimental and theoretical value was minimal.

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Allien, J. Vipin, Hemantha Kumar, and Vijay Desai. "Semi-active vibration control of MRF core PMC cantilever sandwich beams: Experimental study." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 234, no. 4 (February 4, 2020): 574–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420720903078.

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The semi-active vibration control of sandwich beams made of chopped strand mat glass fiber reinforced polyester resin polymer matrix composite (PMC) and magnetorheological fluid (MRF) core were experimentally investigated in this study. Two-, four- and six-layered glass fiber reinforced polyester resin polymer matrix composites were prepared using the hand-layup technique. The magnetorheological fluid was prepared in-house with 30% volume of carbonyl iron powder and 70% volume of silicone oil. Nine cantilever sandwich beams of varying thicknesses of the top and bottom layers glass fiber reinforced polyester resin polymer matrix composite beams and middle magnetorheological fluid core were prepared. The magnetorheological fluid core was activated with a non-homogeneous magnetic field using permanent magnets. The first three modes, natural frequencies and damping ratios of the glass fiber reinforced polyester resin polymer matrix composite-magnetorheological fluid core sandwich beams were determined through free vibration analysis using DEWESoft modal analysis software. The amplitude frequency response of the glass fiber reinforced polyester resin polymer matrix composite-magnetorheological fluid core sandwich beams through forced vibration analysis was determined using LabVIEW. The effect of various parameters such as magnetic flux density, thickness of glass fiber reinforced polyester resin polymer matrix composite layers and magnetorheological fluid core layer on the natural frequencies, damping ratio and vibration amplitude suppressions of the glass fiber reinforced polyester resin polymer matrix composite-magnetorheological fluid core sandwich beams was investigated. Based on the results obtained, 2 mm thickness top and bottom layers glass fiber reinforced polyester resin polymer matrix composite and 5 mm thickness magnetorheological fluid core sample have achieved a high shift in increased natural frequency, damping ratio and vibration amplitude suppression under the influence of magnetic flux density.

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29

Chukwunyelu, Christian Ebele, A. W. Nwosu, and Innocent Tochukwu Uzoghelu. "A Study on Tensile Strengths of Randomly Oriented Coir/Plantain Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Polyester (CPFRP) Composites." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 5, no. 2 (February 11, 2020): 138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.2.1710.

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This study focuses on determining the optimum tensile strengths of randomly oriented coir/plantain hybrid fiber reinforced polyester resin composites. The control factors of volume fraction, coupling agent and coir/plantain fiber ratio were used in forming the samples. Tensile test was conducted on the samples of Coir/plantain empty fruit bunch (CEFB) hybrid fibers and coir/plantain pseudo stem (CPS) hybrid fibers reinforced polyester resin composites respectively for the optimum tensile strengths. An OKH-600 Digital Display universal Testing Machine was used for conducting tensile tests in order to establish the control factor levels quality characteristics needed to optimize the mechanical properties being investigated. The highest signal-to-noise ratio (S/N ratio) for the quality characteristics was investigated by applying Taguchi robust design technique for the greater-the-better. The optimum values of the control factors were established for CEFB and CPS hybrid fibers reinforced polyester resin composites. The CEFB hybrid fibers reinforced polyester resin composites has the optimum tensile strength of while CPS hybrid fibers reinforced polyester resin composites has the optimum tensile strength of . The control factors contributed greatly to the tensile strength; and the CEFB hybrid fibers reinforced polyester resin composites are less in tension than that of CPS hybrid fiber.

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30

Chukwunyelu, Christian Ebele, A. W. Nwosu, and Innocent Tochukwu Uzoghelu. "Study on Tensile Strengths of Randomly Oriented Coir/Plantain Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Polyester (CPFRP) Composites." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 5, no. 2 (February 11, 2020): 138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2020.5.2.1710.

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This study focuses on determining the optimum tensile strengths of randomly oriented coir/plantain hybrid fiber reinforced polyester resin composites. The control factors of volume fraction, coupling agent and coir/plantain fiber ratio were used in forming the samples. Tensile test was conducted on the samples of Coir/plantain empty fruit bunch (CEFB) hybrid fibers and coir/plantain pseudo stem (CPS) hybrid fibers reinforced polyester resin composites respectively for the optimum tensile strengths. An OKH-600 Digital Display universal Testing Machine was used for conducting tensile tests in order to establish the control factor levels quality characteristics needed to optimize the mechanical properties being investigated. The highest signal-to-noise ratio (S/N ratio) for the quality characteristics was investigated by applying Taguchi robust design technique for the greater-the-better. The optimum values of the control factors were established for CEFB and CPS hybrid fibers reinforced polyester resin composites. The CEFB hybrid fibers reinforced polyester resin composites has the optimum tensile strength of while CPS hybrid fibers reinforced polyester resin composites has the optimum tensile strength of . The control factors contributed greatly to the tensile strength; and the CEFB hybrid fibers reinforced polyester resin composites are less in tension than that of CPS hybrid fiber.

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Patel, H. S., K. K. Panchal, S. R. Patel, and S. N. Desai. "Interacting Blends of Novel Unsaturated Polyester Amide Resin with Vinyl Acetate." E-Journal of Chemistry 1, no. 5 (2004): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2004/924136.

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Novel unsaturated poly (ester- amide) resins (UPEAs) were prepared by the reaction between an epoxy resin, namely diglycidyl ether of bisphenol–A (DGEBA) and unsaturated aliphatic bisamic acids using a base catalyst. These UPEAs were then blended with a vinyl monomer namely, Vinyl acetate (VA) to produce a homogeneous resin syrup. The curing of these UPEAs-VA resin blends was carried out by using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as an initiator for the radical polymerization and was monitored by using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The glass fibre reinforced composites (i.e. laminates) of these UPEA-VA resin blends were fabricated using the DSC data. The chemical, mechanical and electrical properties of the glass fibre composites have also been evaluated. The unreinforced cured samples of the UPEA-VA resin blends were also analyzed by thermogravimetry (TGA).

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32

Lucignano, Carmine, Erica Anna Squeo, Alessandro Guglielmotti, and Fabrizio Quadrini. "Recycling of Waste Epoxy-Polyester Powders for Foam Production." International Journal of Manufacturing, Materials, and Mechanical Engineering 1, no. 3 (July 2011): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmmme.2011070102.

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This paper proposes a new foaming technology (solid-state foaming) to produce structural foams from waste thermosetting resins. The proposed technology is easy and does not require specific and expensive equipments. Solid tablets are produced by cold compaction of resin powder, and foam by heating in an oven. Composite foams can be produced by mixing fillers and resin powder before the cold compaction. In the experiment, an epoxy-polyester (EP-PE) resin powder, deriving from the waste of a manufacturer of domestic appliances, was used with montmorillonite (MMT) particles. Resulting foams with a filler content ranging from 0 to 10 wt% were characterized in terms of physical and mechanical properties (by compression tests). Although the effect of the MMT content seems to be negative for the adopted resin, the feasibility of producing composite foams by recycling waste industrial powders is shown. The properties of the unfilled foams are sufficient for many industrial applications.

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Patel, Hasmukh S., and Amel Muhson Naji. "Novel unsaturated polyester resins based on (maleated cyclohexanone-formaldehyde resin)-(epoxy resin) condensation." International Journal of Plastics Technology 14, no. 1 (June 2010): 17–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12588-010-0012-4.

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Nair, Vanaja Kumary, and Deepali Kulkarni. "Synthesis of Unsaturated Polyester Resin Based on Pet Waste." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 8 (August 31, 2022): 1543–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46459.

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Abstract: Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) flakes are widely used as raw material for manufacturing of packaging materials. The worldwide production of PET is 30.5 million metric tons/year. With such a large consumption, the effective application of PET waste is of considerable commercial and technological significance. In this paper we used PET flakes for the synthesis of unsaturated polyester resin to go green. PET flakes were depolymerized by using Neopentyl glycol (NPG) and propylene glycol (PG). Glycolyzed product was reacted with maleic anhydride and phthalic anhydride. Then it was mixed with styrene monomer to get unsaturated polyester (UP) resins. Molecular weight, Hydroxyl value and Acid value of all synthesized UP resins were studied.

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Mustapha, Siti Noor Hidayah Binti, Muhammad Syafiq Asyraf Bin Azhman, Shamsul Zakaria, Rasidi Roslan, Rohani Binti Mustapha, and Lee Tee Chuan. "Mechanical Properties of Graphite Filled Unsaturated Polyester and Unsaturated Polyester/Palm Oil Blend Resin." Materials Science Forum 981 (March 2020): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.981.150.

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This research aim to investigate the effect of graphite loadings in unsaturated polyester (UPE) / acrylated epoxidized palm oil (AEPO) blend resin. The modification of epoxidized palm oil (EPO) to AEPO was carried out using acrylation process and further blended with synthetic UPE resin. Graphite powder was added at 0.03, 0.05 and 0.1 phr into the UPE/AEPO blend resin and cured in an oven at 100 °C and 160 °C. FTIR spectrums showed the disappearance of oxirane ring and existence of carbon double bond indicating successful of AEPO synthesis process. Tensile and Izod impact test revealed that, graphite showed different effects to neat UPE and UPE/AEPO blend resin. In neat UPE, graphite significantly improved the stiffness properties at 0.1 phr additions. However in UPE/AEPO blend resin, the toughness properties were improved with increased graphite loadings.

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36

Mohamadi, Milad, and Mahmood Heshmati. "Failure analysis of glass-reinforced polyester mortar pipes with different cores subjected to combined loading." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 21, no. 8 (July 20, 2017): 2616–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636217720214.

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In this paper, the failure of glass-reinforced polyester mortar pipes with different cores subjected to pure and combined loading are analyzed. To enhance the stiffness of fiber-reinforced polyester pipe, filler layer is incorporated in between fiber-reinforced polyester plies. Thus, in this study, new nanocomposite materials are proposed as a core layer in the glass-reinforced polyester mortar pipes. The performance of the pipes in the presence of nanosilica/resin, nanosilica/fiberglass/resin and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/resin and sand/resin cores are investigated. Finite element method is used to analyze the effects of extensive design parameters on the first ply failure and functional failure of glass-reinforced polyester mortar pipes. Maximum normal stress, Tsai–Wu and Tsai–Hill criteria are employed for the failure analysis. Two end boundary conditions are considered in the simulations. The effects of core material constituents, core thickness, filament winding angle and lay-up configurations, layers thicknesses and pipe radius are investigated. The results are also obtained under pure and combined loading conditions. The stress concentration around circular and rectangular holes in glass-reinforced polyester mortar pipes with sand/resin core is also studied. Accordingly, the stress concentration factors are reported for each case. Detailed discussions are done and brief design guidelines are given.

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Pączkowski, Przemysław, Andrzej Puszka, and Barbara Gawdzik. "Investigation of Degradation of Composites Based on Unsaturated Polyester Resin and Vinyl Ester Resin." Materials 15, no. 4 (February 9, 2022): 1286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15041286.

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This study compares the degradation process of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) and vinyl ester resin (VER) and their biocomposites with kraft lignin. In order to study their degradation, accelerated aging, immersion in different solvents, microwave radiation and high temperature were applied. The results show that, depending on the conditions, the degradation assumes a different course. The VER resin is more chemically resistant than the UPR resin. In the case of the composites immersed in an aggressive solvent (acetone), it can be observed that the polymer matrix is degraded, whereas in water only a small increase of weight takes place. Immersion in NaOH initiates the degradation process consisting in the hydrolysis of ester bonds, which are especially observed for pure resins. Under the influence of UV radiation and microwaves, the resins are additionally cross-linked. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that in the case of composites heated to 1000 °C, a residual mass remains, which is carbonized with lignin. In turn, composites treated with microwaves lost weight.

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38

Ramadan, Noha, Mohamed Taha, Angela Daniela La Rosa, and Ahmed Elsabbagh. "Towards Selection Charts for Epoxy Resin, Unsaturated Polyester Resin and Their Fibre-Fabric Composites with Flame Retardants." Materials 14, no. 5 (March 3, 2021): 1181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14051181.

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Epoxy and unsaturated polyester resins are the most used thermosetting polymers. They are commonly used in electronics, construction, marine, automotive and aircraft industries. Moreover, reinforcing both epoxy and unsaturated polyester resins with carbon or glass fibre in a fabric form has enabled them to be used in high-performance applications. However, their organic nature as any other polymeric materials made them highly flammable materials. Enhancing the flame retardancy performance of thermosetting polymers and their composites can be improved by the addition of flame-retardant materials, but this comes at the expense of their mechanical properties. In this regard, a comprehensive review on the recent research articles that studied the flame retardancy of epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin and their composites were covered. Flame retardancy performance of different flame retardant/polymer systems was evaluated in terms of Flame Retardancy index (FRI) that was calculated based on the data extracted from the cone calorimeter test. Furthermore, flame retardant selection charts that relate between the flame retardancy level with mechanical properties in the aspects of tensile and flexural strength were presented. This review paper is also dedicated to providing the reader with a brief overview on the combustion mechanism of polymeric materials, their flammability behaviour and the commonly used flammability testing techniques and the mechanism of action of flame retardants.

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Busuioceanu, Ioana Iuliana, Florin Baciu, Gabriela Dinu, Adina Negrea, and Gabriel Jiga. "Study on the Behaviour of Two Original Biocomposites Subjected to Compression Test." Materiale Plastice 56, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 661–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.19.4.5251.

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Two types of biocomposite materials are made (original fabrication recipes) containing different resins as base: version A with natural resin and version B with polyester resin. For both of them the reinforcement element is a natural one namely fir needles. The samples are mechanically tested by compression in order to obtain the stress-strain curves and the elasticity longitudinal modulus.

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Xie, Xiang Li, Lin Jiang Wang, and Guo Wei Zhang. "Preparation and Flame Retardancy of Unsaturated Polyester Resin Containing P-Toluenesulfonate-Pillared Layered Double Hydroxide." Advanced Materials Research 399-401 (November 2011): 1372–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.399-401.1372.

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The p-toluene sulfonate- pillared layered double hydroxide(PTS-LDH) was synthesized by co-precipitation method, unsaturated polyester resin/ PTS-LDH composites were prepared by solution blending and solidifying. The X-ray diffraction was used to characterize the structure of the composites. The thermal stability and fire properties of composites have been studied by thermo- gravimetric analysis, limit oxygen index and UL94 burning test. The results show that the interlayer space of original LDH was 0.775nm, which was increased to 1.73nm for PTS-LDH and 2.077 nm for unsaturated polyester resin/ PTS-LDH composite. The addition of PTS-LDH improved the flame retardancy of unsaturated polyester resin. Limit oxygen index of unsaturated polyester resin/ PTS-LDH composite was increased to 23.30 % from 21% of the pure resin, the char residue rate increased by 3.7% and the speed of horizontal burning was decreased by 20.24%. The vertical burning test (UL-94) results indicated that the materials achieved V-2 grade.

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Alikin, M. B., D. A. Panfilov, N. A. Lavrov, and I. M. Dvorko. "Obtaining unsaturated polyester resins and materials based on them using recycled polyethylene terephthalate." Plasticheskie massy, no. 9-10 (November 2, 2019): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35164/0554-2901-2019-9-10-20-22.

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A technique has been developed for producing an unsaturated polyester resin by transesterifying the product of glycolysis of secondary polyethylene terephthalate using maleic and phthalic anhydride. The curing process was studied, it was found that the unsaturated polyester resin was cured by the action of oligoether acrylate (TGM-3), peroxide compound (methyl ethyl ketone peroxide) and accelerator (manganese hydroxide divalent, acetylacetone, cobalt stearate). The physic-mechanical characteristics of polymeric materials based on unsaturated polyester resin, the analysis of which indicates a high thermal stability, have been studied.

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He, Jian Yun, Yong Liu, Li Chen He, and Qiang Wang. "Research on the Modification of Waterborne UV-Curable Polyurethane Acrylate." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 698–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.698.

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In this study, waterborne UV-curable polyurethane acrylic resin was synthesized using polypropylene glycol, toluene diisocyanate, dimethylol propionic acid and hydroxyl ethyl acrylate, and modified by hyperbranched polyester acrylate. The influent factors on hydrophilic properties and UV curing speed of the resin were discussed, and the modified resin has compared with that of unmodified resin. Results showed that the overall performance and UV curing speed of the resin modified by hyperbranched polyester was greatly enhanced, the hydrophilic property of the resin was proportional to hydrophilic group content.

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Zhang, Hong Yan, Xi Shi Tai, and Hai Quan Wang. "Preparation and Characterization of Unsaturated Polyester/Graphite Nanosheets Composites under Electric Field." Applied Mechanics and Materials 182-183 (June 2012): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.182-183.33.

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As a conductive fillers, graphite nanosheets can be induced by the AC electric field in unsaturated polyester resin and then prepared oriented unsaturated polyester resin/graphite nanosheets composite. We investigate the preparation, configuration and capability of the unsaturated resin/ graphite nanosheets conductive composites and the oriented theory of the graphite nanosheets induced in the electric field. The measures and observation of scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), electric current have shown that the graphite nanosheets are oriented by electric field which were randomly dispersed in the polymer matrix at the beginning, and then oriented with their flakes along the electric field in the polyester resin.

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Zhang, Hong Yan, Hai Quan Wang, and Su Qing Wang. "Structure Characterization of Unsaturated Polyester/Graphite Nanosheet Composite under Electric Field." Advanced Materials Research 455-456 (January 2012): 524–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.455-456.524.

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As conductive fillers, graphite nanosheets can be induced by the AC electric field in unsaturated polyester resin and then prepared oriented unsaturated polyester resin/graphite nanosheets composite. we investigate the preparation、configuration and capability of the unsaturated resin/graphite nanosheets conductive composites and the oriented theory of the graphite nanosheets induced in the electric field. The measures and observation of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electric current have shown that the graphite nanosheets are oriented by electric field which were randomly dispersed in the polymer matrix at the beginning, and then oriented with their flakes along the electric field in the polyester resin.

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Abdullah, Iram. "DSC Cure Kinetics of an Unsaturated Polyester Resin Using Empirical Kinetic Model." Pakistan Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research Series A: Physical Sciences 58, no. 2 (June 24, 2015): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.phys.sci.58.2.2015.99.105.

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In this paper, the kinetics of curing of unsaturated polyester resin initiated with benzoyl peroxide was studied. In case of unsaturated polyester (UP) resin, isothermal test alone could not predict correctly the curing time of UP resin. Therefore, isothermal kinetic analysis through isoconventional adjustment was used to correctly predict the curing time and temperature of UP resin. Isothermal kinetic analysis through isoconversional adjustment indicated that 97% of UP resin cures in 33 min at 120 °C. Curing of UP resin through microwaves was also studied and found that 67% of UP resin cures in 1 min at 120 °C. The crosslinking reaction of UP resin is so fast at 120 °C that it becomes impossible to predict correctly the curing time of UP resin using isothermal test and the burial of C=C bonds in microgels makes it impossible to be fully cured by microwaves at 120 °C. The rheological behaviour of unsaturated polyester resin was also studied to observe the change in viscosity with respect to time and temperature.

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Zhang, Xiaorui, Shuqiang Du, Xue Sun, Hengguang Zhang, Hean Liao, and Jiangfeng Ni. "Synthesis, Characterization of High Toughness Hyperbranched Unsaturated Polyester of Flexible Aliphatic Side Chains." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 16, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): 1380–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2021.3065.

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Here, a new and special unsaturated Hyperbranched polymers (HBP) structure under unsaturation were developed for co-blocking of n-Hexanoic and acroleic acid in terms of making unsaturated resin, vinyl resin and bismaleimide resin to be more toughed by chemically inducing flexible long-chain of aliphatic acid into the crosslinking structure of the copolymerized modification of styrene. Abundant unsaturated double bonds can react with styrene and unsaturated resins to form a network configuration that can interpenetrate exhibiting high toughness and considerable flexible chain segments. In addition, HBP with free volume enables the resin molecules to move when loaded.

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KIRSHANOV, K. A., R. V. TOMS, and A. YU GERVALD. "Study of methods for obtaining unsaturated polyester resins based on recycled polyethylene terephthalate." Plasticheskie massy, no. 3-4 (May 24, 2022): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35164/0554-2901-2022-3-4-46-49.

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In this work, methods for obtaining unsaturated polyester resins based on the products of chemical recycling of post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate with various agents are compared. A process based on simultaneous glycolysis and interchain exchange of polyethylene terephthalate and oligoethylene phthalate with hydroxyl end groups has been proposed. The advantages of this process are shown, including rapid obtaining polyester resins of high molecular weight and the lesser influence of side reactions and degradation reactions. The unsaturated resin with a weight average molecular weight of 3100 g/mol was obtained.

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Buketov, A., M. Brailo, S. Yakushchenko, and A. Sapronova. "Development of Epoxy-Polyester Composite with Improved Thermophysical Properties for Restoration of Details of Sea and River Transport." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (October 2, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6378782.

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The results of the experimental investigations of the optimization of the content of the polyester resin in the epoxy binder are shown in the work. It was determined that composite with concentration of the polyester (q = 10 mas.fr.) was characterized by the maximal values of the thermophysical properties. The Martens thermal resistance temperature, the linear shrinkage, the thermal coefficient of linear expansion, and the glass transition temperature of the epoxy-polyester matrix were investigated. It was found that introducing the polyester resin into the epoxy oligomer in quantity of q = 10 mas.fr. leads to improving the Martens thermal resistance of the material to the T = 352 K and decreasing the linear shrinkage to the Δl = 0.06%. The nonlinear dependence of the TCLE on the temperature was confirmed, and the tendency of changes in their values, depending on the content of polyester resin, was defined. The dilatometric curves were analyzed, and the glass transition temperature of developed epoxy-polyester matrix was determined at the level Tс = 318 K.

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He, Ying-Feng, Ssu-Ting Huang, Chia-Hao Chen, Yu-Hsuan Chang, Chi-Chung Hua, Ping-Ray Chiang, and Jien-Yi Weng. "Multiscale structures and rheology of bisurea-loaded resins for anti-sagging applications." Soft Matter 17, no. 47 (2021): 10628–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1sm00931a.

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Four representative bisurea molecules (HDI-BA, MDI-BA, TDI-BA, and IPDI-BA) were synthesized and dispersed in a polyester/ortho-xylene resin medium to produce bisurea-loaded resins for anti-sagging applications with paints and coating materials.

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Farsane, Mohamed, Khalid Saadouni, Soufia Lhasnaoui, Aziz Akhiate, Abdellah Anouar, Souad Chah, and Miloud Bouzziri. "Effect of Recycled Ceramic Waste Content on the Properties of Unsaturated Polyester Resin." Materiale Plastice 58, no. 3 (October 5, 2021): 174–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.21.3.5515.

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In this study, the properties of unsaturated polyester resin were studied in the presence of recycled ceramic waste particles. Herein, composites were created that contained 28.5-50 wt% porcelain particles (particle size [180 �m). High filler contents increased the gel time and decreased the exotherm temperature of unsaturated polyester resin during curing. The obtained results showed that physical parameters, such as the resin density and porosity, increased as the filler content increased. In addition, the X-ray diffraction results indicated that the produced samples were a combination of ceramic waste particles and unsaturated polyester resin, resulting in semi crystalline structure. The results showed that the maximum water absorption at 40�C increased from 0.97 to 1.5% as the filler content increased from 28.5 to 50 wt%; in this process, the materials experienced a color change but did not lose mechanical performance. Finally, the samples were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to study the effect of porcelain powder on the thermal degradation of the resin. The TGA scans were analyzed with the Friedman method. The results indicated that the samples with porcelain powder exhibited substantially better thermal stability than unsaturated polyester resin.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Polyester resin'

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