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Journal articles on the topic 'Polyethylene-Clay, nanocomposites'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Zazoum, B., E. David, and A. D. Ngô. "LDPE/HDPE/Clay Nanocomposites: Effects of Compatibilizer on the Structure and Dielectric Response." Journal of Nanotechnology 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/138457.

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PE/clay nanocomposites were prepared by mixing a commercially available premixed polyethylene/O-MMT masterbatch into a polyethylene blend matrix containing 80 wt% low-density polyethylene and 20 wt% high-density polyethylene with and without anhydride modified polyethylene (PE-MA) as the compatibilizer using a corotating twin-screw extruder. In this study, the effect of nanoclay and compatibilizer on the structure and dielectric response of PE/clay nanocomposites has been investigated. The microstructure of PE/clay nanocomposites was characterized using wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Thermal properties were examined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The dielectric response of neat PE was compared with that of PE/clay nanocomposite with and without the compatibilizer. The XRD and SEM results showed that the PE/O-MMT nanocomposite with the PE-MA compatibilizer was better dispersed. In the nanocomposite materials, two relaxation modes are detected in the dielectric losses. The first relaxation is due to a Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars interfacial polarization, and the second relaxation can be related to dipolar polarization. A relationship between the degree of dispersion and the relaxation ratefmaxof Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars was found and discussed.

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2

Jamal, N. A., Hazleen Anuar, and Shamsul Bahri A. Razak. "The Effects of High Energy Radiation on the Tensile Properties of Rubber Toughened Nanocomposites." Advanced Materials Research 264-265 (June 2011): 765–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.264-265.765.

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Composites based on high density polyethylene (HDPE), ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) and Organically Modified Montmorillonite (OMMT) clays were made by melt compounding followed by compression molding. Mechanical properties, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the nanocomposites. The addition of clay, compatibilizer agent, Maleic Anhydride Polyethylene (MAPE) and irradiation technique, High Energy Electron Beam (EB) considerably improved the properties of nanocomposites. Tensile Strength and Modulus (MPa) were found to increase significantly with increasing clay content and decreasing as the clay content exceeds 4 vol%. The largest improvement in nanocomposite tensile properties occurred at clay loading of 4 vol% (2-8 vol%) with irradiation technique. The d spacings of the clay in nanocomposites were monitored using XRD and the extent of delamination was examined by TEM. TEM photomicrographs illustrated the intercalated and exfoliated structures of the nanocomposites with OMMT, MAPE and irradiation process.

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3

da Silva, Cristiane, Leonardo Canto, and Leila Visconti. "Effect of Extrusion Processing Variables in the Polyethylene/Clay Nanocomposites Rheological Properties." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 4, no. 1 (March 20, 2010): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht04.01.061.

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4

Jamal, Nur Ayuni. "A Linear Relationship between the Mechanical, Thermal and Gas Barrier Properties of MAPE Modified Rubber Toughened Nanocomposites." IIUM Engineering Journal 11, no. 2 (November 19, 2010): 225–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v11i2.114.

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Composites based on high density polyethylene (HDPE), ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) and organophilic montmorillonite (OMMT) clays were prepared by melt compounding followed by compression molding. The addition of clay as well as compatibilizer agent (maleic anhydride polyethylene (MAPE)) considerably improved the tensile properties of nanocomposites systems. The largest improvement in mechanical and thermal properties occurred at clay loading levels of 4% (2-8 wt %) with MAPE system. Interestingly, the increased in tensile properties also resulted in improve in thermal and barrier properties. Differential scanning calorimeter analysis (DSC) revealed that the barrier property of nanocomposite was influenced by the crystalline percentage of nanocomposite. Along with crystalline percentage, the crystallization temperature, Tc and melting temperature, Tm were also improved with OMMT and MAPE agent. The d-spacings of the clay in nanocomposites were monitored using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and the extent of delamination was examined by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The wide angle of XRD patterns showed the increased interplanar spacing, d of clay layers, indicating enhanced compatibility between polymer matrix and OMMT with the aid of MAPE agent. TEM photomicrographs illustrated the mixed intercalated and partial exfoliated structures of the nanocomposites with OMMT and MAPE agent.

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5

Sánchez-Valdés, Saul, and M. L. López-Quintanilla. "Polyethylene-Clay Nanocomposites Using Ionomeric Compatibilizer." Advances in Science and Technology 45 (October 2006): 1399–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.45.1399.

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Nanocomposites made of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and two different types of clays were obtained and studied by using zinc neutralized carboxylate ionomer as a compatibilizer. Two different clays, natural montmorillonite (Closite Na+) and a chemically modified clay Closite 20A has been used. Nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending in a twin-screw extruder using two mixing methods: two-step mixing and one-step mixing. The relative influence of each compatibilizer was observed from structural analysis by WAXD, and mechanical properties. Experimental results confirms that the film samples with ionomer showed good mechanical performance and that the two step mixing conditions resulted in a better dispersion and intercalation for the nanofillers than one step mixing.

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6

Kubisova, Hana, Dagmar Merinska, and Petr Svoboda. "Polyethylene and Poly(propylene)/Clay Nanocomposites." Macromolecular Symposia 286, no. 1 (November 2009): 210–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.200951226.

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7

Hong, Hao Qun, Hai Yan Zhang, Hui He, and De Min Jia. "Preparation of Exfoliated Polyethylene/Clay Nanocomposites at High Clay Content." Advanced Materials Research 150-151 (October 2010): 561–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.561.

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The polyethylene/montmorillonite (PE/MMT) nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending the organic MMT with the ternary-monomer graft copolymers of polyethylene (GPE) which were prepared by solid phase grafting maleic anhydride, methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate onto PE. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to characterize the structure of GPE. X-ray diffraction patterns and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the morphology of GPE/MMT nanocomposites. Results showed that GPE was an outstanding polymeric material to prepare an exfoliated polymer/layered silicates nanocomposites due to the high polarity of GPE and high graft degree. Most layered silicates still maintain the exfoliated and well dispersed state even at 40 phr OMMT content. The exfoliation of layered silicates was attributed to the well intercalation and easy wetting of the grafted oligomers.

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8

Abu-Zurayk, R. "Interfacial interactions between polyethylene matrix and clay layers in polyethylene/clay nanocomposites." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 92 (October 12, 2015): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/92/1/012010.

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9

Truong, Uyen Thi Diem, Tam Thanh Mai, Nhan Thuc Chi Ha, An Hai Thien Phung, Vi Thi Vi Do, and Huy Thuc Ha. "Synthesis and properties of bone cement based on poly(methyl methacrylate) reinforced by organo-clay." Science and Technology Development Journal 19, no. 4 (December 31, 2016): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v19i4.709.

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Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and nanocomposites PMMA/nano-clay were widely applied in many different fields. Bone cement is one of the important application which makes artificial bones and joints. The purpose of our study is the improvement of properties of PMMA. Therefore, organo-clay modified by polyethylene oxide (PEO) was used to reinforce the PMMA resin. In order to increase the interaction between PMMA and organo-clay, the in-situ emulsion polymerization has been used to synthesize nanocomposites. Accordingly, nanocomposites with the weight percentage of organo-clay of 1 %, 3 %, 5 %, 7 % increase the thermal and mechanical properties compared to PMMA. These were evidence of the good interaction between PMMA and organo-clay. In addition, PMMA/5 % MMT-PEO nanocomposite is also synthesized by in-situ Pickering emulsion polymerization [3] to compare with the method of emulsion polymerization.

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10

Famulari, A., P. Arosio, S. Filippi, C. Marazzato, P. Magagnini, L. Minkova, and S. V. Meille. "Clay‐induced Preferred Orientation in Polyethylene/Compatibilized Clay Nanocomposites." Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B 46, no. 2 (February 2007): 355–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222340601158225.

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11

Rodrigues, Tathiane, Maria Tavares, Igor Soares, Ana Moreira, and Antonio Ferreira. "The Use of Solid State NMR to Characterize High Density Polyethylene/Organoclay Nanocomposites." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 3, no. 3 (September 15, 2009): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht03.03.187.

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Recently the development of new materials, in special polymeric nanocomposites, formed by polymer and layered silicates, have gained attention. In this work nanocomposites based on high-density polyethylene matrix (HDPE) and organically modified clay were prepared by melt processing and characterized by the determination of proton spin-lattice relaxation time through solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. This work has a proposal to add one quantitative technique to help the researchers to better evaluate polymeric nanocomposite, because NMR is an important tool employed to study both molecular structure and dynamic molecular behavior. The nanocomposites were mixed in a twin-screw extruder, varying the shear rate parameter: 60 and 90 rpm at 463 K. Nanocomposites obtained were characterized through X-ray diffraction; thermal analysis; impact resistance and nuclear magnetic resonance. The T1H results showed that the samples present different molecular domains according to the clay dispersion, forming an intercalated and/or exfoliated nanocomposites. The measurement of relaxation time, using low field NMR, is a useful method to evaluate changes in the molecular mobility of nanocomposite and can infer whether the sample is exfoliated and/or intercalated, since lamellar filler is used.

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12

Qian, Zhongzhong, Shimin Zhang, and Mingshu Yang. "Effect of Clay Modification on Photooxidation of Polyethylene/Clay Nanocomposites." Polymers and Polymer Composites 16, no. 8 (October 2008): 535–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739110801600807.

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In this paper, effect of clay modification and the resultant clay dispersion and orientation structure on the photooxidation of polyethylene has been investigated upon ultraviolet exposure using the technique of infrared spectroscopy. Polyethylene/clay nanocomposites have been prepared using different clay modification. Both the pristine MMT clay and CTAB ammonium intercalated clay were modified via grafting reaction of silane with hydroxyl groups on the clay edge. The grafting modification leads to decreased photooxidation rate compared with that of neat PE, while the pristine MMT and ammoniums accelerate the photooxidation rate of the corresponding composites. Effect of the dispersion and orientation structure of clay in polymer matrix has also been discussed. In addition, the influence of photooxidation behavior on crystallization and morphology of the composites was studied by means of DSC and SEM.

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13

Pegoretti, A., A. Dorigato, and A. Penati. "Tensile mechanical response of polyethylene – clay nanocomposites." Express Polymer Letters 1, no. 3 (2007): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3144/expresspolymlett.2007.21.

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14

Barbosa, R., E. M. Araújo, T. J. A. Melo, E. N. Ito, and E. Hage. "Influence of Clay Incorporation on the Physical Properties of Polyethylene/Brazilian Clay Nanocomposites." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 4 (April 1, 2008): 1937–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.18259.

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High density polyethylene/Brazilian clay nanocomposites were prepared by the melt intercalation technique. A montmorillonite sample from Boa Vista/PB, Northeast of Brazil, was organically modified with esthearildimethylammonium chloride (Praepagen WB) quaternary ammonium salt. The unmodified and modified clays with the quaternary ammonium salt were introduced in 1, 2, 3 and 5 wt% in a PE polymer matrix. The dispersion analysis and the interlayer distance of the clay particles were obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mechanical properties of tensile and the flammability of the nanocomposites were studied. In general, the mechanical properties of the systems presented superior values compared to the matrix. The systems showed a reduction on the burning rate, indicating that the flammability resistance of nanocomposites was improved.

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15

López-García, S., Saul Sánchez-Valdés, and L. F. Ramos de Valle. "Effect of Type and Concentration of Ionomer Compatibilizer on the Hdpe/ Ionomer/ Clay Nanocomposites Morphology." Materials Science Forum 644 (March 2010): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.644.17.

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A study of the effect of an ionomer compatibilizer (surlyn® 9520 and 9721, both with zinc as the neutralizing cation) on the morphology and properties of a high density polyethylene (HDPE) - montmorillonite clay nanocomposite was carried out. The nanoclay used was cloisite 20A®. Polyethylene /Ionomer /Clay nanocomposites were prepared via melt mixing in a twin screw extruder. The nanoclay dispersion and exfoliation were examined through X-Ray Difraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). TGA was carried out to determine the effect of nanoclay on the thermal stability of the HDPE nanocomposites. Results showed that both ionomers impart a marked compatibility between the polymer and the nanoclay, promoting the exfoliation of the nanoclay within the HDPE matrix. Nonetheless, ionomer 9520 (with the higher degree of neutralization) at 10 and 12 wt% content produced completely exfoliated morphologies, whereas, the ionomer 9721 produced a lesser degree of exfoliation with few tactoids.

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16

Ahmadi, Zahed. "Interfacial interaction exploration and oxygen barrier potential of polyethylene/poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol)/clay hybrid nanocomposites." e-Polymers 17, no. 2 (March 1, 2017): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2016-0240.

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AbstractHybrid nanocomposites based on high-density polyethylene (HDPE)/poly (ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) (EVOH)/clay were prepared and fully characterized. Morphological (WAXS and TEM), calorimetric (DSC), and dynamic mechanical thermal (DMTA) analyses were applied to investigate potential of nanocomposites as barrier against oxygen. Co-existence of ingredients of different nature, i.e. HDPE (general-purpose non-polar component), EVOH (engineering polar component with excellent barrier properties), nanoclay (planar one-dimensional mineral barrier nanofiller), and maleated HDPE (PE-g-MA) as coupling agent, brings about serious intricacies in view of interaction between existing phases. Conceptual/experimental analysis was performed to explore the interdependence between microstructure and oxygen barrierity of HDPE/EVOH/clay nanocomposites through the lens of interaction state in the system. Morphological measurements confirmed formation of an intercalated nanostructure, while investigations on complex viscosity, storage modulus, permeability, thermo-mechanical properties, and nanoclay interlayer galleries were all indicative of dependence of nanocomposites’ properties on molecular interactions. The performance of nanocomposite sheets as oxygen barriers was mechanistically explained.

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17

Ratnayake, UN, Dileepa E. Prematunga, Chaminda Peiris, Veranja Karunaratne, and Gehan AJ Amaratunga. "Effect of polyethylene glycol-intercalated organoclay on vulcanization characteristics and reinforcement of natural rubber nanocomposites." Journal of Elastomers & Plastics 48, no. 8 (July 28, 2016): 711–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095244315618698.

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Organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) clay was intercalated with low-molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG) oligomer at melt stage. The intercalation behaviour of PEG into the OMMT clay galleries and its interaction with clay platelets were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetric techniques. A natural rubber (NR)–organoclay nanocomposite (NROCN) was prepared by melt-compounding of NR with PEG-treated organoclay (P-OMMT) and other compounding chemicals using a laboratory-scale internal mixer. XRD analysis of the nanocomposites revealed the intercalation of NR molecules into the P-OMMT clay galleries and subsequent exfoliation during the melt-compounding process. Vulcanization characteristics of the NROCN, especially processing safety and optimum curing time, have been interpreted with reference to the organic modifier of the montmorillonite clay, PEG modification and the degree of exfoliation. Solid-state mechanical properties of P-OMMT clay-filled NROCN vulcanizates have shown a significant enhancement in stiffness and strength characteristics whilst without scarifying the elasticity of the nanocomposites. Results have been explained in terms of the degree of exfoliation, dispersibility of the organoclay and strain-induced crystallization of the natural rubber.

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18

de Oliveira, Sara Verusca, E. A. dos Santos Filho, Edcleide Maria Araújo, C. M. Correia Pereira, and Fábio Roberto Passador. "Preparation and Flammability Properties of Polyethylene/Organoclay Nanocomposites." Diffusion Foundations 20 (December 2018): 92–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/df.20.92.

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Polyethylene (PE) nanocomposites were prepared by melt intercalation, in order to evaluate the flame retardant effect of this material. For the development of nanocomposites were used the montmorillonite clay (MMT), organoclay (OMMT) and flame retardant product (FRP) with the percentage of 1, 3, 6 and 9 wt%. Grafted polyethylene with maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA) was used as a compatibilizer of the systems. PE and its systems were evaluated: XRD, TEM, TG and flammability (UL94HB, oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimetry). The X-ray diffraction showed a partial intercalation and exfoliation as well as formation of microcomposite. The phase morphology of the systems was observed by TEM that it showed that the system with 1% OMMT clay presented a predominance of exfoliation. Already the system with 3% OMMT showed partial exfoliation and this exfoliation reduced as the clay content increased. By TG it was seen that MMT, OMMT and FRP acted improving the thermal behavior of the nanocomposites compared to PE matrix. The results obtained for the oxygen index showed that both PE and its systems presented flame retardancy behavior. By means of the horizontal flammability tests, it was found that the presence of 1% MMT clay reduced 25% the flammability of PE. By cone calorimetry it was found that the system that contains 9% of OMMT clay decreased by about 33% the flammability of PE.

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19

Sánchez-Valdes, Saúl, Maria L. López-Quintanilla, Eduardo Ramírez-Vargas, Francisco J. Medellín-Rodríguez, and Juan M. Gutierrez-Rodriguez. "Effect of Ionomeric Compatibilizer on Clay Dispersion in Polyethylene/Clay Nanocomposites." Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 291, no. 2 (February 10, 2006): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mame.200500330.

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20

Wang, Ki Hyun, Min Ho Choi, Chong Min Koo, Yeong Suk Choi, and In Jae Chung. "Synthesis and characterization of maleated polyethylene/clay nanocomposites." Polymer 42, no. 24 (November 2001): 9819–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-3861(01)00509-2.

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21

Araújo, E. M., R. Barbosa, A. W. B. Rodrigues, T. J. A. Melo, and E. N. Ito. "Processing and characterization of polyethylene/Brazilian clay nanocomposites." Materials Science and Engineering: A 445-446 (February 2007): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2006.09.012.

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22

Zhang, Jinguo, and Charles A. Wilkie. "Preparation and flammability properties of polyethylene–clay nanocomposites." Polymer Degradation and Stability 80, no. 1 (January 2003): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0141-3910(02)00398-1.

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23

Gaboune, Asmaa, Suprakas Sinha Ray, Abdellatif Ait-Kadi, Bernard Riedl, and Mosto Bousmina. "Polyethylene/Clay Nanocomposites Prepared by Polymerization Compounding Method." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 6, no. 2 (February 1, 2006): 530–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2006.094.

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24

Sheshmani, Shabnam, Alireza Ashori, and Yahya Hamzeh. "Physical properties of polyethylene-wood fiber-clay nanocomposites." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 118, no. 6 (July 13, 2010): 3255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.32623.

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25

Benali, Samira, Sophie Peeterbroeck, Patrick Brocorens, Fabien Monteverde, Leïla Bonnaud, Michaël Alexandre, Roberto Lazzaroni, and Philippe Dubois. "Chlorinated polyethylene nanocomposites using PCL/clay nanohybrid masterbatches." European Polymer Journal 44, no. 6 (June 2008): 1673–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.03.020.

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26

Cunha, Rochélia Silva Souza, Joseane Damasceno Mota, Mariaugusta Ferreira Mota, Meiry Gláucia Freire Rodrigues, and Fabricio Machado. "Preparation and Characterization of Tubular Composite Membranes and their Application in Water Flow Measurements." Materials Science Forum 912 (January 2018): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.912.263.

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The latest technologies require materials with combination of properties that are not usually found in conventional materials. Organic-inorganic hybrid materials emerge as alternatives to the synthesis of low cost new functional materials. The constituent polymer-clay nanocomposites are intended effectively for the treatment of oily effluents. The removal of oily effluents was evaluated using composite membranes with different nanocomposite percentages, consisting of a mineral clay BrasgelTM smaller than 2 μm and ultra high molecular weight polyethylene. The sample of clay was characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), while the membranes by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The produced composite membranes efficiencies were evaluated by continuous flow for 1 hour. The results clearly confirmed that membranes incorporated with a higher percentage of nanocomposites achieved greater stability and less time as assessed in water flow.

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27

Zaman, Haydar U., and Dalour Hossen Beg. "Influence of two novel compatibilizers on the properties of LDPE/organoclay nanocomposites." Journal of Polymer Engineering 34, no. 1 (February 1, 2014): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2013-0144.

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Abstract In the present investigation, low density polyethylene (LDPE)/organoclay nanocomposites with various clay contents (1–7 wt%) were prepared via a melt mixing technique, using two different compatibilizers with various contents; low molecular weight trimethoxysilyl-modified polybutadiene (Organosilane) and low molecular weight oxidized polyethylene (OxPE). The effects of incorporation of compatibilizers and clay contents on the mechanical and thermal properties of the nanocomposites were investigated. The dispersibility of silicate clay in the nanocomposites was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was found that organosilane yielded better clay dispersion and a more exfoliated structure compared with the OxPE. Rheological behavior of the samples was examined by a dynamic oscillatory rheometer in the linear viscoelastic region. The organosilane compatibilized system conferred higher tensile strength, yield strength and tensile modulus than those of an uncompatibilized system, and even higher than those of the OxPE compatibilized case. The crystallization behaviors of uncompatibilized and compatibilized nanocomposites were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). DSC results indicated that the addition of compatibilizers increased the crystallization temperature (Tc) as a result of heterogeneous nucleation effect of clay on LDPE.

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28

Araújo, Edcleide Maria, Amanda D. de Oliveira, Renata Barbosa, and Tomás Jefférson Alves de Mélo. "Influence of Organoclay on the Physical Properties of Polyethylene Nanocomposites." Materials Science Forum 530-531 (November 2006): 709–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.530-531.709.

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In this work, polyethylene/montmorillonite clay nanocomposites were produced by melt intercalation. The clays were treated with quaternary ammonium salts and then treated and untreated clays were introduced in polyethylene. The clays were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The nanocomposites were characterized by mechanical and flammability properties. The results showed that the mechanical properties were improved by introduction of organoclay in polyethylene matrix. By adding only 3wt% montmorillonite, the burning rate of the nanocomposites was reduced by 17% in relation to PE matrix.

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29

Chen, Wen-Chih, Jung-Liang Liu, Sun-Mou Lai, Shi-Xian Tang, Horng Jer Tai, Chen-Hau Yang, and Hui Cheng Kao. "Effect of intercalant types on the properties of melt blended metallocene polyethylene/metallocene polyethylene-g-silane/clay nanocomposites." Journal of Polymer Engineering 32, no. 8-9 (December 1, 2012): 475–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2012-0035.

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Abstract Melt mixed metallocene-catalyzed polyethylene elastomer (mPE)/clay nanocomposites, using a functionalized polyolefin elastomer (mPE-g-silane) as a compatibilizer, with the addition of the commercial clay with different intercalant types (Cloisite 20A and 30B) were prepared to investigate the importance of interfacial interaction. Cloisite 30B gave a relatively higher polarity than Cloisite 20A, but smaller original d-spacing. According to X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results, Cloisite 20A-filled nanocomposites depicted fairly well-dispersed clay within the mPE matrix, except with higher clay content. By contrast, the clay agglomerates were evident for Cloisite 30B-filled cases. A continuous increase of gel content for Cloisite 20A-filled systems was observed, but only a limited variation for Cloisite 30B-filled systems was found. The roles of the polarity degree of the organically modified clay, original d-spacing, and the compatibilizer, were quite essential. Young’s modulus of Cloisite 20A-filled samples increased with increasing clay content, from 23.8±1.3 MPa [0 parts per hundred resins (phr)] to 34.1±2.0 MPa (9 phr), whereas modulus of Cloisite 30B-filled samples did not show a significant variation. The tear strength of Cloisite 20A-filled nanocomposites increased up to two-fold with increasing clay content, reaching 9 phr. Only a slight increase in tear strength of Cloisite 30B-filled nanocomposites was observed. For the cutting strength, Cloisite 20A-filled cases also conferred higher values in comparison with Cloisite 30B-filled cases.

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30

Zazoum, B., E. David, and A. D. Ngô. "Correlation between Structure and Dielectric Breakdown in LDPE/HDPE/Clay Nanocomposites." ISRN Nanomaterials 2014 (March 19, 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/612154.

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Cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) is commonly used in medium/high voltage insulation due to its excellent dielectric properties and acceptable thermomechanical properties. To improve both electrical and thermal properties to a point that would possibly avoid the need for crosslinking, nanoclay fillers can be added to polymer matrix to form nanocomposites materials. In this paper, PE/clay nanocomposites were processed by mixing a commercially available premixed polyethylene/O-MMT masterbatch into a polyethylene blend matrix containing 80 wt% low density polyethylene LDPE and 20 wt% high density polyethylene HDPE with and without compatibilizer using a corotating twin-screw extruder. Various characterization techniques were employed in this paper, including optical microscopy, AFM, TEM, TGA, DMTA, and dielectric breakdown measurements in order to understand the correlation between structure and short-term dielectric breakdown strength.

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31

Zhao, Chungui, Meng Feng, Fangling Gong, Huaili Qin, and Mingshu Yang. "Preparation and characterization of polyethylene-clay nanocomposites by using chlorosilane-modified clay." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 93, no. 2 (2004): 676–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.20515.

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32

Morlat-Therias, Sandrine, Elisabeth Fanton, Jean-Luc Gardette, Nadka Tzankova Dintcheva, Francesco P. La Mantia, and Vincenzo Malatesta. "Photochemical stabilization of linear low-density polyethylene/clay nanocomposites: Towards durable nanocomposites." Polymer Degradation and Stability 93, no. 10 (October 2008): 1776–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.07.031.

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Holešová, Sylva, Magda Samlíková, Michal Ritz, and Erich Pazdziora. "Antibacterial Polyethylene/clay Nanocomposites Using Chlorhexidine as Organic Modifier." Materials Today: Proceedings 2, no. 1 (2015): 246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2015.04.031.

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34

Mistretta, M. C., M. Morreale, and F. P. La Mantia. "Thermomechanical degradation of polyethylene/polyamide 6 blend-clay nanocomposites." Polymer Degradation and Stability 99 (January 2014): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.12.009.

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35

Zhao, Chungui, Huaili Qin, Fangling Gong, Meng Feng, Shimin Zhang, and Mingshu Yang. "Mechanical, thermal and flammability properties of polyethylene/clay nanocomposites." Polymer Degradation and Stability 87, no. 1 (January 2005): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2004.08.005.

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36

Yuan, Q., S. Awate, and R. D. K. Misra. "Nonisothermal crystallization behavior of melt-intercalated polyethylene-clay nanocomposites." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 102, no. 4 (2006): 3809–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.24852.

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37

Minkova, L., Y. Peneva, M. Valcheva, S. Filippi, M. Pracella, I. Anguillesi, and P. Magagnini. "Morphology, microhardness, and flammability of compatibilized polyethylene/clay nanocomposites." Polymer Engineering & Science 50, no. 7 (March 17, 2010): 1306–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.21659.

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38

Botta, Luigi, Francesco Paolo La Mantia, Nadka Tzankova Dintcheva, and Roberto Scaffaro. "Rheological Response of Polyethylene/Clay Nanocomposites to Annealing Treatment." Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 208, no. 23 (December 4, 2007): 2533–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.200700241.

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39

Panupakorn, Pimpatima, Ekrachan Chaichana, Piyasan Praserthdam, and Bunjerd Jongsomjit. "Polyethylene/Clay Nanocomposites Produced byIn SituPolymerization with Zirconocene/MAO Catalyst." Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/154874.

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Two commercial nanoclays were used here as catalytic fillers for production of polyethylene (PE) and linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) nanocomposites viain situpolymerization with zirconocene/MAO catalyst. It was found that both types of nanoclays designated as clay A and clay B can improve thermal stability to the host polymers as observed from a thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The distribution of the clays inside the polymer matrices appeared good due to thein situpolymerization system into which the clays were introduced during the polymer forming reaction. Upon investigating the clays by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), it was observed that the crucial differences between the two clays are the crystallite sizes (A < B) and the amounts of amine group (A < B). The higher amount of amine group in clay B was supposed to be a major reason for the lower catalytic activity of the polymerization systems compared to clay A resulting from its deactivating effect on zirconocene catalyst. However, for both clays, increasing their contents in the polymerization systems reduced the catalytic activity due to the higher steric hindrance occurring.

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Ujianto, Onny, Margaret Jollands, and Nhol Kao. "Polyethylene/Clay Nanocomposites Prepared in an Internal Mixer: Effect of Processing Variable on Mechanical Properties." Advanced Materials Research 1105 (May 2015): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1105.46.

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Polymer/clay nanocomposites have been explored extensively over the last two decades. Many studies report nanocomposite properties. However, studies on the effect of processing conditions are still limited. This study evaluates the effect of rotor type, rotor rotation (rpm) and mixing time on mechanical properties of polyethylene organoclay composites. Samples were fabricated using two different rotors; roller and Banbury, in an internal batch mixer at various mixing conditions. The analysis shows that the Banbury rotor improved mechanical properties more than the roller rotor. Shear and diffusion mechanism, as well as material degradation, were the controlling factors at different processing conditions.

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Sarkari, Nima Mostofi, Ali Asghar Katbab, and Hossein Nazockdast. "Evaluation of flow-induced nanoclay orientation and microstructural stability in polyethylene/clay nanocomposites via melt rheological and thermal analysis." e-Polymers 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 85–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2013-0005.

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AbstractThe effects of shear rate upon the flow-induced nanoclay orientation and morphological stability in film blown polyethylene clay nanocomposites were studied by means of linear and nonlinear rheological characterization parallel with differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. Nanocomposite samples were prepared using a modular twin screw extruder followed by film processing technique. XRD analysis performed on film samples showed that the samples exhibited intercalated/exfoliated microstructure. The 3D physical networks were formed by the clay nanolayers in the structures of undrawn samples. However, the breakdown of the clay physical networks during film processing as a result of the imposed shear field within the die area and also an elongational flow field was evidenced. Time sweep test performed at various shear rates and shearing times using a rheometric mechanical spectrometer showed that, in all samples, the time required for the restructurization of the clay nanolayers during relaxation of the melt was found to be higher than 3600 s.

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Sánchez-Valdes, S., J. Méndez-Nonell, F. J. Medellín-Rodríguez, E. Ramírez-Vargas, J. G. Martínez-Colunga, H. Soto-Valdez, L. Muñoz-Jiménez, and G. Neira-Velázquez. "Effect of PEgMA/amine silane compatibilizer on clay dispersion of polyethylene-clay nanocomposites." Polymer Bulletin 63, no. 6 (October 11, 2009): 921–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00289-009-0170-8.

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43

Zapata, Paula A., Carolina Belver, Raúl Quijada, Pilar Aranda, and Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky. "Silica/clay organo-heterostructures to promote polyethylene–clay nanocomposites by in situ polymerization." Applied Catalysis A: General 453 (February 2013): 142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2012.12.012.

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44

Barbosa, Renata, Edcleide M. Araújo, Tomas Jeferson A. Melo, and Edson N. Ito. "Comparison of flammability behavior of polyethylene/Brazilian clay nanocomposites and polyethylene/flame retardants." Materials Letters 61, no. 11-12 (May 2007): 2575–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2006.09.055.

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45

Lee, Jennifer A., Marianna Kontopoulou, and J. Scott Parent. "Rheology and Physical Properties of Polyethylene/Polyethylene-Ionomer Blends and their Clay Nanocomposites." Macromolecular Rapid Communications 28, no. 2 (January 23, 2007): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.200600611.

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46

Jamal, N. A., Hazleen Anuar, and Shamsul Bahri A. Razak. "Effect of Electron Beam Irradiation (EB) on Gas Barrier Property of HDPE/EPDM Nanocomposites." Key Engineering Materials 471-472 (February 2011): 775–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.471-472.775.

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In this study, electron beam irradiated (EB) was applied as a crosslinker agent for both pristine high density polyethylene (HDPE) and HDPE/ ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) nanocomposite systems. The doses rate for EB irradiated technique were varied between 50, 100, 150 and 200 kGy. The nanocomposites systems were first prepared via melt intercalation method with different organophilic montmorillonite (OMMT) loadings. It was found that, with 4 vol% organophilic montmorillonite (OMMT) loading, the barrier resistance of nanocomposite against oxygen transmission was significantly enhanced by EB irradiation dose rate of 100 kGy. The oxygen transmission for nanocomposite was reduced by 23.48%. The interplanar spacing, d-spacings of OMMT in nanocomposites were monitored using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and the extent of delamination was examined by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The wide angle of XRD patterns showed the increased interplanar spacing, d of clay layers, indicating enhanced compatibility between polymer matrix and OMMT with EB irradiation. TEM photomicrographs illustrated the mixed intercalated and partial exfoliated structures of the nanocomposites with the irradiation process.

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47

Pettarin, V., Victor Jayme Roget Rodriguez Pita, Francisco Rolando Valenzuela-Díaz, S. Moschiar, L. Fasce, R. Seltzer, Marcos Lopes Dias, and P. Frontini. "Preparation, Physical and Mechanical Characterization of Montmorillonite/Polyethylene Nanocomposites." Key Engineering Materials 312 (June 2006): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.312.205.

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In this paper, we report the preparation of polyethylene composites with organically modified montmorillonite. Three different Na+-montmorillonites were modified in order to obtain organoclays and two grades of high-density polyethylene were used as composite matrices. All composites were prepared by melt blending, and their physical and mechanical properties were thoroughly characterized. The extent of clay platelet exfoliation in the composites was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Mechanical properties under static and impact conditions were evaluated to assess the influence of the reinforcement on the properties of polyethylene.

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48

Nguyen, Mao Dang, Trung Tien Vu, Huy Thuc Ha, and Nhan Thuc Chi Ha. "Study on the effect of modified clay on the properties of high density polyethylene and Vietnamese starch blend." Science and Technology Development Journal 16, no. 4 (December 31, 2013): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v16i4.1600.

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This study focuses on the preparation of organoclay by intercalating the new kind of modifying agent, monoglyceride (M-Gly), into the Vietnamese Na-saturated montmorillonite (Na-MMT) layers. The modification of clay was conducted in using internal thermo Hakee mixer with high shear rate which gave the obviously expansion of the layer galleries of clay, in having the dspacing more than 60Å showed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The Low density polyethylene (LDPE)/thermal plastic starch (TPS) blend has been studied to prepare the green nanocomposite material in using the montmorillonite clay as the reinforced phase. The mixtures of LDPE/TPS/ montmorillonite nanocomposites have been elaborated by melting method at 1600C in 5 minutes. The nanocomposite morphology was investigated by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electronic Microscopy (TEM), and the results have shown the good dispersion of clay in the matrix polymer blend. As result, the thermal and mechanical properties of material are also enhanced when the claywas added. By mechanical testing machine showed tensile strength and modules of the mixture increased and good result in 3%wt of organoclay, which have shown interface adhesion between components so good in mixture

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49

Dabbaghianamiri, Maedeh, Sayantan Das, and Gary W. Beall. "Improvement Approach for Gas Barrier Behavior of Polymer/Clay Nanocomposite Films." MRS Advances 2, no. 57 (2017): 3547–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2017.458.

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ABSTRACTPolymer nanocomposites (PNC) include a copolymer or polymer which has nanoparticles dispersed in the polymer matrix at the nano-level. One of the most common types of polymer nanocomposites contain smectic clays as the nanoparticles. These clay minerals increase the mechanical properties of standard polymers and improve barrier properties. For optimum barrier properties, Layer-by-Layer assembly (LbL) is one of the most effective methods for depositing thin films. LbL methods however, are quite tedious and produce large quantities of waste. A newly discovered phenomenon of self-assembled polymer nanocomposites utilizes entropic forces to drive the assembly to spontaneously form a larger nanostructured film. This approach allows polymers and nanoparticles with high particle loadings to be mixed, and create the super gas barrier films. We have developed a coating technique which can be employed to make self-assembled gas barrier films via inkjet printing. This technique is industrially scalable and efficient. This is because it does not need any rinsing step and drying steps as required in LbL. The influence of different polymers Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and Poly (acrylic acid) PAA with Montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclay solutions on Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate is examined to study their effectiveness as a gas barrier film. The results showing the excellent oxygen barrier behavior of a combination of PVP and MMT Nano clay nanocomposite with high transparency. These high barrier gas nanocomposite films are good candidates for a variety of food packaging applications.

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Dintcheva, N. Tz, S. Al-Malaika, and F. P. La Mantia. "Effect of extrusion and photo-oxidation on polyethylene/clay nanocomposites." Polymer Degradation and Stability 94, no. 9 (September 2009): 1571–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.04.012.

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