Academic literature on the topic 'Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400)"
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Ishibashi, Riko, Rio Matsuhisa, Mio Nomoto, et al. "Effect of Oral Administration of Polyethylene Glycol 400 on Gut Microbiota Composition and Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice." Microorganisms 11, no. 8 (2023): 1882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11081882.
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Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a commonly used dispersant for oral administration of hydrophobic agents. PEG is partly absorbed in the small intestine, and the unabsorbed fraction reaches the large intestine; thus, oral administration of PEG may impact the gut microbial community. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study evaluated the effects of PEG on gut commensal bacteria. Herein, we aimed to determine whether oral administration of PEG modifies the gut microbiota. Administration of PEG400 and PEG4000 altered gut microbial diversity in a concentration-dependent manner. Taxonomic analysis revealed that Akkermansia muciniphila and particularly Parabacteroides goldsteinii were overrepresented in mice administered with 40% PEG. PEG400 administration ameliorated the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and adipose tissue inflammation. Fecal microbiome transplantation from PEG400-administered donors counteracted the HFD-induced body and epididymal adipose tissue weight gain, indicating that PEG400-associated bacteria are responsible for the anti-obesity effect. Conversely, carboxymethyl cellulose, also used as a dispersant, did not affect the abundance of these two bacterial species or HFD-induced obesity. In conclusion, we demonstrated that oral administration of a high concentration of PEG400 (40%) alters the gut microbiota composition and ameliorates HFD-induced obesity.
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Suzuk, Takayuki, Thi Thi Nge, Yusuke Matsumoto, and Tatsuhiko Yamada. "Effects of wood meal particle size and polyethylene glycol 400 content on glycol lignin production." BioResources 20, no. 1 (2024): 1286–300. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.20.1.1286-1300.
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Glycol lignin (GL) produced via acidic solvolysis of cedar wood meal with polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a highly functional material. In this study, the effects of wood meal particle size and amount of PEG added on the properties of PEG400-modified GLs (GL400s) were examined. For this purpose, cedar wood meal with four different particle sizes ranging between 0.18 and 2.00 mm and PEG400 at liquid ratios of 5 and 3 with respect to the wood meal were used. Acidic solvolysis at 140 °C successfully decreased the amount of solid residue with increasing GL400 yield and reaction time at both liquid ratios of 5 and 3. Overall, wood meal size remarkably affected the physical properties of GL400s at low PEG400 content (liquid ratio 3). In addition, the glass transition temperature Tg and thermal flow temperature Tf increased with decreasing wood meal size. Consequently, GL400s with varying thermal properties (Tg = 63 to 97 °C, Tf = 109 to 149 °C) were successfully prepared by adjusting the PEG400 liquid ratios and wood meal size. The data will support the development of a stable manufacturing process for the mass production of GL.
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Firdaus, Ansari Ammara, and K. C. Juglan. "Investigation on Acoustic Parameters of Monosodium Glutamate Food Preservative in an Aqueous Solution of PolyEthylene Glycols (400 and 600)." E3S Web of Conferences 453 (2023): 01045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345301045.
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This paper aims to examine the impact of social media on mental health. Aqueous monosodium glutamate (MSG) was mixed with polyethylene (PEG400 and PEG600), and the resulting mixture was weighed and subjected to acoustic density and velocity measurements. These combinations ranged from 0.01-0.03 mol.kg−1 in concentration. The Anton Paar DSA 5000 M was used to take the readings, which showed a temperature range of 288.15K to 318.15K. The experimental data was used to derive several acoustic and thermodynamic properties, such as intermolecular free length, acoustic impedance, adiabatic compressibility, Wada’s constant, Rao’s constant, and Vander Waal’s constant. To better comprehend the intermolecular processes occurring in a ternary mixture of monosodium glutamate (MSG), polyethylene glycols (PEG400, and PEG600), these simulations were carried out. The goal of these calculations was to produce this result.
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Zhang, Dan, Fei Qiu, and Yong Diao. "Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan-Poly(MA-PEG400-SA) Nanoparticles as Drug Carrier." Advanced Materials Research 528 (June 2012): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.528.39.
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In order to prepare chitosan-based nanoparticles for drug delivery, we synthesis chitosan-poly(methacryloyl polyethylene glycol succinic acid, MA-PEG400-SA) nanoparticles in aqueous solution via template polymerization. The structure of the chitosan-poly(MA-PEG400-SA) nanoparticles was characterized by FT-IR spectra, and the particles size and surface charge were analyzed by zetasizer, respectively. The average size of chitosan-poly(MA-PEG400-SA) nanoparticles was approximate 325 nm, and the surface charge was 33mv. Using hydrophilic drug 5-FU as the model drug, the drug loading efficiency was about 6%. In the further study, we will optimize the synthesis conditions and study on the drug release properties of the nanoparticles.
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Lehmacher, Roman, and Claus Feldmann. "Polyol-Mediated Synthesis of Nitrogen-Containing Carbon-Dots from Tetracyanobenzene with Intense Red Fluorescence." Nanomaterials 9, no. 10 (2019): 1470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9101470.
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Nitrogen-containing C-dots were prepared by heating (160 °C, 1 h) 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene (TCB) in polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400). The as-prepared monocrystalline C-dots were 2–4 nm in diameter and contained 24.4 wt. % of nitrogen. They showed intense fluorescence under excitation at 400–500 nm as well as under excitation at 600–700 nm. In addition to an excitation-wavelength-depending emission at 400 to 650 nm, the emission spectra exhibited a strong emission peaking at 715 nm, whose position was independent from the wavelength of excitation. For this deep-red emission a remarkable quantum yield of 69% was detected. The synthesis of nitrogen-containing C-dotswas completely performed in the liquid phase. Moreover, the C-dots could be directly dispersed in water. The resulting aqueous suspensions of PEG400-stabilized nitrogen-containing C-dots also showed intense red emission that was visible to the naked eye.
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Wang, Han Min, Xue Li Gao, Bao Wei Su, and Cong Jie Gao. "Preparation and Characterization of Antimicrobial PES Ultra-Filtration Membrane Modified with Capsaicin." Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (October 2011): 2338–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.2338.
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The polyethersulfone ultra-filtration membrane was prepared by phase inversion method using polyethersulfone(PES), polyethylene glycol 400(PEG400) and N，N- dimethylamide(DMAC) as materials, and was modified by adding a capsaicin monomer named MBHBA which possess antibacterial property. The effects of MBHBA content on the ultra-filtration membrane performance were discussed. The results showed that the addition of MBHBA monomer effectively increased the membrane flux. And the modified membrane had strong inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli.
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Zhao, Mei, Pengjiao Wang, Xiaodong Sun, et al. "Detrimental Impacts of Pharmaceutical Excipient PEG400 on Gut Microbiota and Metabolome in Healthy Mice." Molecules 28, no. 22 (2023): 7562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28227562.
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Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) is a widely used pharmaceutical excipient in the field of medicine. It not only enhances the dispersion stability of the main drug but also facilitates the absorption of multiple drugs. Our previous study found that the long-term application of PEG400 as an adjuvant in traditional Chinese medicine preparations resulted in wasting and weight loss in animals, which aroused our concern. In this study, 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the diversity of gut microbiota, and LC-MS/MS Q-Exactive Orbtriap metabolomics technology was used to analyze the effect of PEG400 on the metabolome of healthy mice, combined with intestinal pathological analysis, aiming to investigate the effects of PEG400 on healthy mice. These results showed that PEG400 significantly altered the structure of gut microbiota, reduced the richness and diversity of intestinal flora, greatly increased the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila), increased the proportion of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes, and reduced the abundance of many beneficial bacteria. Moreover, PEG400 changed the characteristics of fecal metabolome in mice and induced disorders in lipid and energy metabolism, thus leading to diarrhea, weight loss, and intestinal inflammation in mice. Collectively, these findings provide new evidence for the potential effect of PEG400 ingestion on a healthy host.
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Ma, Bing-Liang, Yan Yang, Yan Dai, Qiao Li, Ge Lin, and Yue-Ming Ma. "Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) affects the systemic exposure of oral drugs based on multiple mechanisms: taking berberine as an example." RSC Advances 7, no. 5 (2017): 2435–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra26284h.
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Zhang, Qiang, Ying Dong Cheng, Yu Liu, Shu Qin Yan, and Ming Zhong Li. "Study on Silk Fibroin Gelation: Effect of Polyalcohol." Advanced Materials Research 175-176 (January 2011): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.175-176.137.
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The Bombyx mori silk fibroin gel with three dimensional structures is an important form to be developed for tissue engineering materials. In this paper, silk fibroin gels were prepared with adding polyalcohol into silk fibroin solution. The gel structure was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results demonstrated that when adding more than 100% of polyalcohol, both of glycerol and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) can accelerate the gelation process markedly. With the increase of the percentage of PEG400 and glycerol, it promoted silk fibroin molecules to cluster rapidly and inhibit silk fibroin molecules transforming from the random coil or α-helix to β-sheet in a ratio of 900% especially. Silk fibroin gels containing 100% of polyalcohol had more uniform morphology and the pores distributed uniformly.
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Iemsam-Arng, Jayanant, Saowaluk Jangkena, Kunat Suktham, Ratjika Wongwanakul, Onuma Unger, and Sukanya Thepwatee. "Effect of Co-Solvents on Physicochemical Properties and Stability of Areca Nut Extract Loaded Nanoemulsions." Key Engineering Materials 862 (September 2020): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.862.40.
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Areca nut extract provides a variety of pharmacological effects that are beneficial for skincare applications. A nanoemulsion of areca nut extract was developed to mask the intense color and to improve the water solubility of the extract. This work studied the impact of a co-solvent on the characteristics and stability of the nanoemulsion. Our former optimized nanoemulsion was modified by adding a common co-solvent, propylene glycol or polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400), to the formula. Phase separation, particle characteristics, antioxidant activity, in vitro cytotoxicity, and stability of the modified nanoemulsion were evaluated. This work has shown the successful encapsulation of areca nut extract with a great improvement of stability, well-maintained antioxidant activity and low toxicity on normal human skin fibroblast.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400)"
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Ruttenberg, David. "Intestinal permeability to polyethylene glycol 400 in patients with Crohn's disease." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25587.
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An altered small intestinal permeability has been proposed as an important aetiological factor in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. The relevant literature was reviewed. Intestinal permeability to Polyethylene glycol 400 in patients with Crohn' s disease, their relatives and healthy controls was examined and the data compared with studies of small bowel permeability to other similar sized probes. A new technique of analysis of urinary Polythylene Glycol 400 by High Performance Liquid Chromatography was described and compared with a previously established HPLC method. No evidence of an altered bowel permeability could be found using Polyethylene glycol 400, but the possibility that this may have been related to probe size and characteristics can not be excluded .
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Oshima, Mario. "Efeitos farmacologicos e morfologicos do polietilenoglicol (PEG 400) em preparações neuromusculares." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310320.
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Orientadores: Lea Rodrigues Simioni, Yoko Oshima Franco<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T21:34:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Oshima_Mario_M.pdf: 4940483 bytes, checksum: bc15df4a36f3737d47cf0f530205de21 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2009<br>Resumo: O polietilenoglicol (PEG) tem sido amplamente utilizado em diversos setores, entre eles, o cosmético, odontológico, farmacêutico (até como carreador de fármacos a órgãos-alvo), em virtude de suas fantásticas propriedades químicas. Por tal razão, é denominada uma molécula bioativa e teve o seu consumo interno aprovado pelo Food and Drug Administration (FDA). O objetivo deste trabalho foi pesquisar os efeitos farmacológicos do PEG 400 sobre a junção neuromuscular; a partir de observações experimentais em preparações de camundongo e pintainho. Concentrações de 3 µM, 20 µM e 100 µM de PEG 400, d-Tc (6 µM), neostigmina (12 µM) e dantrolene (30 µM) auxiliaram na busca do entendimento do mecanismo do PEG sobre a junção neuromuscular. Foram utilizadas em técnicas miográfica, eletrofisiológica e análise morfológica, nas preparações nervo frênico-diafragma (NFD) de camundongos e biventer cervicis (BC) de pintainhos. Especificamente, foi investigada a ação do PEG 400 sobre o terminal nervoso, fenda sináptica, receptores nicotínicos ou fibra muscular. Os resultados obtidos através da técnica eltrofisiológica mostraram que o PEG 400 não exibe ação pré-sináptica, pois não interfere no valor do CQ e nem mesmo apresenta ação anticolinesterásica quando comparado à neostigmina como controle positivo; também não mostrou qualquer efeito em receptores nicotínicos, mas alterou a polaridade do sarcolema causando despolarização das fibras musculares (-80 mV para -16 ± 1,7 mV) para o PEG 400 (100 µM). Além disso, o PEG 400 (20 µM ) em BC, exibiu antagonismo ao dantrolene (inibidor de receptor de rianodina) e impediu seu efeito sobre a contração muscular através do Cálcio. Finalmente, o PEG 400 não causa mionecrose (3 µM e 20 µM), nem mesmo em concentrações maiores (100 µM), nas quais causa bloqueio total das respostas do músculo BC.<br>Abstract: Polyethyleneglycol has been widely used in several areas such as cosmetic, odontology and pharmaceutical (even as drugs carrier) due to its chemical properties. Thus, it is considered a bioactive molecule being its internal consumption approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The aim of this study was to analyze the pharmacological effects of PEG 400 over the neuromuscular junction through experimental observations in mice preparations due to the increase of the contractile response amplitude (facilitating effect). Conventional myographic techniques, morphological and electrophysiological analysis were used in mice, phrenic nerve diaphragm preparations (PND) and chick, biventer cervicis preparations (BC). Concentrations of 3 µM, 20 µM and 100 µM of PEG 400, d-Tc 6 µM, neostigmine 12 µM and dantrolene 30 µM helped in the search for the understanding of PEG mechanism. Specifically, the action of PEG 400 was investigated over the nervous terminal, the synaptic cleft, nicotinic receptors or muscle fiber. The results obtained through the electrophysiological technique showed that PEG 400 did not exhibit pre-synaptic action and did not act as an anticholinesterasic, as well as neostigmine. It has not presented action over nicotinic receptors but it presented post-synaptic action, interfering on the sarcolemma polarity and reverting the action of the Calcium antagonist, dantrolene, suggesting an interference of the contraction mechanism through Calcium and the ryanodine receptor. Finally, PEG 400 did not cause mionecrosis (3 µM and 20 µM) even in concentrations high enough to cause total muscle blockade (100 µM).<br>Mestrado<br>Mestre em Farmacologia
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GUILMINOT, ELODIE. "Action d'un inhibiteur de corrosion du fer en milieu eau - polyethylene glycol (peg) 400 lors des traitements des objets archeologiques composites de bois gorges d'eau / fer." Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPG0100.
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La conservation des objets archeologiques composites bois gorges d'eau / fer necessite l'impregnation du bois par des melanges eau / polyethylene glycol (peg) 400. Les proprietes de ces solutions, telles que la conductivite, la viscosite, la quantite d'oxygene dissous, varient avec la concentration de peg. La corrosion du fer est aussi modifiee par la teneur en peg. Une corrosion localisee se developpe et atteint une vitesse maximale dans une solution de 20% peg. Pour proteger le fer dans ces solutions, un inhibiteur de corrosion est ajoute. Trois inhibiteurs, les tannins, un inhibiteur organique, connu sous le nom d'hostacor it, et le phosphate de di-sodium (na 2hpo 4), sont etudies par des techniques electrochimiques. Seuls l'hostacor it et les phosphates s'averent efficaces en milieu eau / peg. Un mecanisme d'action pour ces inhibiteurs est propose. Le mecanisme de l'hostacor commence par la formation d'une couche de molecules adsorbees a la surface metallique. Une faible concentration d'hostacor favorise la formation de piqures. Lorsque la concentration d'hostacor augmente, l'hostacor forme des complexes insolubles avec les ions fer qui recouvre le premier film adherent et compact d'hostacor adsorbe. Pour les faibles quantites de phosphates, la couche protectrice, composee d'oxydes de fer et de phosphates, est proche de celle observee en milieu aqueux. Lorsque la quantite de phosphates est superieure a 10 2m, il y a demixtion de la solution. Une nouvelle phase, composee de peg et de phosphates, precipite a la surface metallique et limite la corrosion du fer.
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Thong, Pham Quoc, and 范國通. "Comparison of the Efficacy and Tolerance of Outpatients Colonoscopy Using PEG4000 (Polyethylene Glycol 4000) and Picosulfate atthe Endoscopy Department-Cho Ray Hospital." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67315636272006831086.
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碩士<br>美和科技大學<br>健康照護研究所<br>103<br>BACKGROUND: Colonoscopy, which is a medical procedure used to directly observe the whole inner lining mucosa of the colon, is now a standard method for evaluating of colorectal diseases. Oral bowel preparation is essential for successful colonoscopy examination. The quality of bowel preparation depends on several factors, and the bowel preparation agent is the most important factor in cleansing the whole colon lumen. At Cho Ray hospital, Endoscopy Department, Vietnam, PEG4000 (polyethylene glycol 4000) and PICOSULFATE are available and used interchangeable. Recently, the proportion of inadequate colon preparation is high, partially affecting the colonoscopy procedure that raises the need to look for a new alternative purgative agent. Therefore, we aim to compare the differences about the efficacy of cleaning colon, tolerance, and patient comfort by using PEG4000 and PICOSULFATE in our Endoscopy department, Cho Ray hospital, Vietnam.
OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy and tolerance of outpatients colonoscopy using PEG4000 and PICOSULFATE in the Endoscopy Department, ChoRay hospital, Vietnam in order to provide a good information for selecting an alternative colon preparation agent.
METHODS: In this randomized, prospective study, 253 consecutive adultpatients (133 males/120 Females) presenting foroutpatient colonoscopy at our endoscopy department, Cho Ray hospital were enrolled. Two regimens including 3 packages of PEG 4000 mixed with 3 liters of water (Group 1) and 1 package of PICOSULFATE mixed with 2 to 3 liters of water were (Group 2) used and evaluated. All patients completed the detailed questionnaires regarding the discormfort and pain using the visual analog scale of 10 cm methods in which 0 score is for “very poor” and 10 score is for “excellent” prior and during the colonoscopy.Bowel preparation was assessed using the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale by the endoscopist. Multivariate analysis was used to compare the two regimens and identify the patient-related factors that influenced the bowel preparation.
RESULTS: Between December 2014 and May 2015, 126 (49.8%) and 127 (50.2%) patients were randomized recruited and assigned for Group 1 and Group 2, respectively. The mean age of the patients was 53.86±15.03 years (range 18 to 82 years). All patients completed the study. PICOSULFATE is significant superior to PEG4000 in regarding to patients satisfaction and colon cleansing (mean score of 8.7 vs 7.4, p<0.001 and mean score of 8.0 vs 7.4, p<0.05, respectively). No significant difference between gender, occupation, educational level, kind of food used in the last meal, history of having bowel preparation, total volumes of water drinking as well as numbers of toilet using during preparation and colon cleansing degree was found (all p>0.05). Those who walked around had a significant better bowel cleansing than those sitting down during colon preparation (mean score of 7.9 vs 7.4, p<0.05). Adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, headache, vertigo, and sweating were not significant difference between the two groups, however, the proprotion of abdominal pain in patients using PICOSULFATE was significant lower than that in those using PEG4000 (6.2% vs 19.8%, p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: PICOSULFATE is more efficacious and comfortable for the patients than PEG4000 in colon preparation prior to colonoscopy in outpatient, in the Endoscopy department, Cho Ray hospital, Vietnam. Regarding the high quality of bowel cleansing and fewer side effects, PICOSULFATE is suggested as an alternative purgative agent to PEG4000 in our daily clinical practice in Cho Ray hospital, Vietnam.
Book chapters on the topic "Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400)"
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Gooch, Jan W. "Polyethylene Glycol (400) Dilaurate." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_9078.
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Guilminot, E., F. Dalard, and C. Degrigny. "Electrochemical Study of Iron Corrosion in Various Concentrations of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG 400) Solutions." In Electrochemical Approach to Selected Corrosion and Corrosion Control Studies (EFC 28). CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003580058-28.
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Sharma, Bal Gopal, and Animesh Kumar Rakshit. "Studies on Thermodynamics of Micellization of Nonionic Surfactants Triton X-100 and Brij 35 in Aqueous Solution: Effect of Polyethylene Glycol 400 and Acetamide." In Surfactants in Solution. Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7984-7_20.
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"Polyethylene glycol (400) dilaurate." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers. Springer New York, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30160-0_8926.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400)"
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Jeannotte, D. A., J. A. Roth, L. C. Hall, J. J. Steppan, and H. Whitlow. "Electrolytic Metal Migration of Copper." In CORROSION 1989. NACE International, 1989. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1989-89349.
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Abstract The pervasive use of copper for conductors in printed circuit board manufacture presents a risk to electronic device packages for failure from metal migration of copper between adjacent biased electrodes to produce an electrical short between the electrodes. The work reported here relates to test techniques for assessing that risk. Electrolytic copper migration was studied as a function of voltage and electrolyte conductivity in a model electrolyte system which provided repeatable shorting times under controlled conditions. Polyethylene glycol, molecular weight 400, was chosen as the electrolyte base and the conductivity was varied by both water and ammonium perchlorate additions. Tests to determine shorting times of copper electrodes, spaced 0.15 or 0.21 mm apart on epoxy-glass fiber composite, were conducted at 5.5, 9 and 12 volts. It was found that shorting times decreased as voltage, water content and ammonium perchlorate increased until voltage exceeded nine volts and water content exceeded 16%. As the water content increased at 12 volts, the shorting time ceased to decrease as rapidly as at lower voltages and as water content increased above 24% the shorting times began to increase. The significance of this result in regards to accelerated testing for metal migration shorting failure mechanisms is discussed.
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Chen, Xia, and Yangdong Hu. "Anaerobic degradation of polyethylene glycol 400." In 2015 6th International Conference on Manufacturing Science and Engineering. Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icmse-15.2015.352.
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Yuniarto, Kurniawan, Yohanes Aris Purwanto, Setyo Purwanto, Bruce A. Welt, Hadi Karia Purwadaria, and Titi Candra Sunarti. "Infrared and Raman studies on polylactide acid and polyethylene glycol-400 blend." In THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (ICAMST 2015). Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4945555.
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Putra, I. A. "Selecting An Optimum Hydrophobic Groups From Vegetable Oil Derivative for Surfactants used in Enhanced Oil Recovery." In Indonesian Petroleum Association 44th Annual Convention and Exhibition. Indonesian Petroleum Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29118/ipa21-e-250.
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The need for fossil fuels which tends to increase without an increase in oil production has become the main factor in applying the Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) methods in the mature oil field. Chemical injection using surfactants is one of the EOR technologies that has been proved to be able to increase oil recovery. In this study, surfactants were synthesized using a fatty acid derived from palm oil as hydrophobic group and polyethylene-glycol as hydrophilic group. The use of vegetable oil as raw material is possible because it is abundant and environmentally friendly. Esterification of nonionic surfactant was performed by utilizing the azeotrope technique (Toluena-H2O) between fatty acid (oleic, stearic, palmitic and lauric acids) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) (200, 300, 400, 600, 1000, and 1500). The reaction was optimized with various moles of fatty acid and PEG equivalents (1:1,1; 1:2,5; 1;3) and various time reaction. Product surfactant was characterized by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) to determine the optimum condition and reaction conversion. The molecular structure of the surfactant was confirmed by 1H NMR. Nonionic surfactant was then analyzed by measuring the interfacial tension (IFT) of oil and water. The results showed that the optimum conditions to obtain the lowest IFT were achieved by reacting hydrophobic groups of oleic acid and hydrophilic groups of PEG-400 at an equivalent mole ratio of 1: 3 and a reaction time of 5 hours. Oleic PEG-400 surfactant was able to decrease the IFT of oil and water as low as 10-4 dyne/cm in brine salinity condition of 18000 ppm and oil 34,39 OAPI. The results was then used to design the synthesis of vegetable surfactant oil with various carbon chain lengths and functional groups as an EOR surfactant hydrophobic group.
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Safiullin, R. T. "OVOCIDAL ACTIVITY OF THE COMBINED DRUG AGAINST TOXOCARA CANIS EGGS IN AN IN VITRO LABORATORY EXPERIMENT." In THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Fundamental and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plant – a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Centre VIEV”, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6048555-6-0.2023.24.408-413.
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To control helminth infections in carnivores, scientists and practitioners have
 proposed a number of drugs and agents against both endogenous and exogenous
 stages. The problem of toxocariasis in carnivores continues to pose challenges for
 researchers, namely, to improve measures to control the exogenous stage of egg
 development. Of the modern drugs used against the exogenous stages of Toxocara
 egg development in carnivores, we should note chlorine-, phenol-, iodine-, caustic
 alkalis-based drugs and others which are mostly monovalent and do not meet the
 requirements of veterinary practice in terms of their efficacy. Based on the above,
 we set ourselves the task of testing the ovocidal activity of the combined agent
 Сystodesis consisting of glutaraldehyde, alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride,
 isopropyl alcohol, and polyethylene glycol-400 against Toxocara canis eggs in an
 in vitro laboratory experiment. The combined agent of disinvasion Сystodesis at
 3% concentration showed 94.06% intense-effectiveness in an in vitro laboratory
 experiment against Toxocara canis eggs. The intense-effectiveness of the test agent at
 4 and 5% concentrations against Toxocara eggs in dogs was 100%. The comparator
 4% phenol provided 86.5% intense-effectiveness.
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Lauberts, Maris, Matiss Pals, Jevgenija Ponomarenko, and Alexandr Arshanitsa. "Dissolution behaviour of black alder bark extractives in polyurethane synthesis media: a comprehensive study." In Research for Rural Development 2024 : annual 30th international scientific conference. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2024. https://doi.org/10.22616/rrd.30.2024.041.
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Two approaches to incorporating black alder (BA) bark extractives-derived polyol into a polyurethane (PU) network were studied. In the first case, fractionation of bark extractives with tetrahydrofuran (THF), focusing on isolating the biomass fraction available for obtaining PU elastomers by casting methods using cyclic ethers as a solvent, was employed. Another approach aimed to obtain liquid bio-polyols that could be suitable for producing rigid PU foams. For this purpose, oven-dried crude BA bark water extracts were liquefied with polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) at temperatures of 130-170°C. The effect of adding sulfuric acid as a catalyst on biomass processing was studied. Wet chemistry, GC, FTIR spectroscopy, analytical pyrolysis (Py-GC/MS/FID) and rheological methods were employed to characterize the obtained polyols and insoluble fractions, enabling an assessment of biomass transformation during processing. The resulting THF-soluble fraction comprised 62% of the BA bark extract, mainly consisting of the xyloside form of the diarylheptanoid compound oregonin, along with oligomeric flavonoids and carbohydrates. The THF-insoluble fraction was most enriched with carbohydrate compounds. Moreover, it was observed that the PEG 400-insoluble fractions were predominantly composed of carbohydrate components. The results indicated that the use of sulfuric acid as a catalyst (1-1.5% of solvent) promotes the complete liquefaction of extractives, enabling biomass content in polyols of up to15-25%. Surpassing the extract content in the starting suspension up to 30% resulted in incomplete liquefaction of biomass. These findings offer valuable insights into tailoring BA bark extractives as building blocks suitable for obtaining PU materials.
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Khalili, Fardin, Federico De Paoli, and Rasim Guldiken. "Impact Resistance of Liquid Body Armor Utilizing Shear Thickening Fluids: A Computational Study." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-53376.
Full textAbstract:
Since the creation of advanced knives and firearms with high rates of speed, safety has always been a vital issue for armed forces. A disadvantage of a regular fabric Kevlar is that, although it has an effective resistance against the impact of low-speed bullets, it reveals its weakness in the case of a stab wound and high-speed bullets. Under these circumstances, a new executable technology of fibers that improves the ballistic performance of the materials utilized in body armors is an essential necessity to build high quality and protective vests which are perfectly bulletproof. The purpose of this study is to investigate the physics and concepts of shear thickening fluids and perform a computational CFD simulation of liquid body armors which consist of a combination of polyethylene glycol liquid and nanoparticles of silica. A model of multiphase flow environment with STFKevlar, as a representative of the non-Newtonian shear thickening fluid (STF), is simulated in STAR-CCM+ in order to analyze the behavior of STFs under impact and performance of novel liquid body armors. In the current simulation, Eulerian multiphase flow and volume of fluid (VOF) are applied to generate three discrete regions and determine the volume fraction of each phase including gas, non-Newtonian liquid and solid which represent air, STFKevlar and bullet, respectively. Moreover, dynamic fluid body interactions (DFBI) and overset mesh are utilized to consider the interactions between the regions and forces applied. In this study, the properties of the bullet are based on characteristics of a regular pistol bullet, and it approaches the STFKevlar with the constant speed of 400 m/s. The results show that the non-Newtonian material is initially at equilibrium state and while the bullet approaches the STFKevlar, it acts like a shear thinning fluid. As a high-speed bullet nears the STFKevlar, it absorbs the significant amount of energy that is applied by the bullet. Consequently, the bullet stops penetrating the STFKevlar in a very small fraction of time due to the considerable increase in viscosity. As the shear rate increases over a certain critical value, viscosity increases remarkably which is the main characteristic of shear thickening transition and finally, it reaches to its maximum value of viscosity in approximately 8 × 10−5sec. In addition, a bullet applies a considerable amount of force on any Kevlar due to its high velocity and kinetic energy; however, the high resistant STFKevlar is approved as a high quality and protective vests which stops the bullet in 6 × 10−4sec.
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Haber, Edgar, Marchall T. Runge, Christoph Bode, Betsy Branscomb, and Janet Schnee. "ANTIBODY TARGETED FIBRINOLYSIS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643723.
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Chemical conjugates of fibrin-specificantibodies and plasminogen activators. Urokinase or tPA were linked covalently toamonoclonal antibody specific for the amino terminus of the beta chain of human fibrin (59D8) by means of the unidirectionalcross-linking reagent SPDP. The fibrinolytic potency of the conjugates at equal amidolytic activities was compared to the native plasminogen activators in an assay measuring lysis of 1251-fibrin monomer covalently linked to Sepharose CL-4B. Urokinase was least potent, tPA exhibited a 10fold increase in fibrinolysis whereas both the urokinase and tPA antibody conjugates and a urokinase-Fab conjugate were 250fold more potent than urokinase and 25 fold more potent than tPA. Enhanced fibrinolysis was fully inhibited by b peptide indicating its dependence on antigen binding. In a plasma assay conjugates of tPA orUK to antibody produced a 3.2- to 4.5-fold enhancement in clot lysis in human plasma over that of the respective unconjugated plasminogen activator. However, the UK-59D8 conjugate was only as potent as tPAalone. Antibody-conjugated tPA or UK consumed less fibrinogen, alpha 2-antiplasminand plasminogen than did the unconjugatedactivators, at equipotent thrombolytic concentrations. In a quantitative rabbit thrombolysis model, the activity of the purified conjugate was compared with that oftPA alone and that of a conjugate betweentPA and a digoxin-specific monoclonal antibody. After correction for spontaneous lysis, tPA-59D8 was shown to be 2.8 to,9.6times more potent than tPA alone. Unconjugated tPA and tPA-digoxin were equipotent.At equivalent thrombolytic concentrations, tPA-59D8 degraded less fibrinogen and consumed less alpha 2-antiplasmin than did tPA alone. These results suggest that tPA can be efficiently directed to the site of a thrombus by conjugation to an antifibrin monoclonal antibody, resulting in both more potent and more selective thrombolysis.A recombinant fusion protein comprising a fibrin-specific antibody site and theB chain of tPA. The rearranged 59D8 heavychain gene was cloned and combined in theexpression vector pSV2gpt withsequence coding for a portion of the Gamma 2b constant region and the catalytic beta chain of t-PA. This construct was transfected into heavy chain loss variant cells derived from the 59D8 hybridoma. Recombinant protein was purified by affinitychromatography and analyzed with Western blots. These revealed a 65-kD heavy chain-t-PA fusion protein that is secreted in association with the 59D8 light chain in the form of a 170-kD disulfide linked dimer. A chromogenic substrate assay showed the fusion protein to have 70 percent of the peptidolytic activity of native t-PA and to activate plasminogen as efficiently as t-PA. In a competitive binding assay, reconstituted antibody was shown to have a binding profile similar to that of native 59D8. Thus by recombinant techniques we have produced a novel hybrid protein capable of high affinity fibrin binding andplasminogen activation.Chemical conjugates between a fibrin-specific and a tPA-specific antibody. A heteroantibody duplex (duplex) with specificities for both tPA and fibrin was synthesized by conjugating iminothiolane-modified anti-tPA monoclonal antibody (TCL8) toantifibrin antibody 59D8. Addition of both duplex and tPA to a plasma clot assay gave more lysis (200 units produced 23.1 lysis; 400 units, 29.5 lysis) than did tPAalone (200 units, 1.8% lysis; 400 units,19% lysis). Despite increased potency associated with duplex addition, fibrinogen and alpha-2-antiplasmin levels at equal tPA concentrations did not differ. Thus, itis possible to concentrate tPA (added separately) to the site of a thrombus in plasma using a heteroantibody duplex with specificities for both tPA and fibrin.Biosynthetically produced heteroduplexantibodies that are both fibin and tPA-specific. The bispecific antibodies were prepared in two ways. First, polyethylene glycol-mediated fusions were performed with two different hybridoma cell lines: anti-fribrin b chain producer, 59D8 and anti-tPA producer, TCL8. TCL8 cells were selected for HPRT-minus variants and then fused with TK-deficient 59D8 cells. One cell line, F36.23, possessed both anti-human fibrin and anti-human t-PA immunoreactivities. A second method yielded another bispecific antibody, F32.1. This cell line was selected after fusing TCL8 (HPRT-minus) cells with spleen cells from a mouseimmunized with a fibrin-like peptide corresponding to the amino terminus of fibrinalpha-chains. Affinity-purified F32.1 andF36.23 retained anti-fibrin and anti-t-PAactivity and enhanced fibrinolytic potency of tPA by a factor of 10.
Reports on the topic "Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400)"
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Chutimaworapan, Suchada. Fast release solid dispersion system of nifedipine. Chulalongkorn University, 1999. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.1999.28.
Full textAbstract:
Nifedupine solid dispersions in polyethylene glycols (PEG4000 and PEG6000), poloxamers (poloxamer188 poloxamer288 and poloxamer407), [beta]-cyclodextrin (BCD) and 2-hydroxypropyl-[beta]-cyclodextrin (HPBCD), at the drug:carrier ratio if 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, and 1:10 were investigated. The systems were prepared by melting, solvent and kneading method and compared to physical mixtures. It was found that the drug:carrier ratio of 1:10 and by melting and solvent methods showed most conspicuous dissolution rates in most systems (p<0.05). The most markedly improved rate was exhibited from the poloxamers. The prominently increased dissolution rates and the time for 80% drug dissolved of only 15 min were obtained in poloxamer 188 and poloxamer 407 from melting method at the 1:3, 1:5, 1:10 ratios. PEG 4000 and PEG 6000 exhibited a very close dissolution rates when compared within the same method and ratio. Whereas BCD and HPBCD showed only a slightly increase of dissolution rate constants. Physicochemical characterizations showed that the possible key mechanism for fast release was the amorphous transformation of nifedipine in carriers, which shown via X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. The marked improved wettability and solubility of nifedipine also gave beneficial effects. The intermolecular H-bonding between nifedipine and carriers was exhibited from the infrared spectral analyses.