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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Polyglot texts

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Academic literature on the topic 'Polyglot texts'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Polyglot texts"

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Nikulicheva, Dina B. "Declared vs practiced strategies by polyglot Steve Kaufmann." Journal of Psycholinguistic, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30982/2077-5911-2023-56-2-58-67.

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Based on the study of the works of the Canadian polyglot Steve Kaufmann, a new aspect in the study of polyglottery is proposed: a comparison of linguodidactic principles that polyglots themselves formulate in their publications with those specific language learning strategies that can be identified by analyzing the language platforms created by polyglots to teach other people. In particular, the article studies conscious and unconscious attitude of polyglots to authentic educational materials and designed courses; ways of mastering grammatical forms, communication with the real and imaginary world, the use of parallel texts when learning new languages, the use of regional variants, varying the speed of educational audio materials, the use of special technical approaches to increase the motivation and optimize students’ time management.

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Wąsik, Elżbieta Magdalena. "The polyglot self in the semiotic spheres of language and culture." Sign Systems Studies 43, no. 2/3 (November 30, 2015): 207–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2015.43.2-3.04.

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The article focuses on the human individual as a signifying and communicating self whose properties can be detected or assumed on the basis of its language in verbal communication through texts and text-processing activities or, more broadly, in both verbal and non-verbal communication through signs and sign-processing activities in the semiotics of culture. The point of departure is the distinction between the observable self and the inferable self, i.e., a concrete person who transmits and receives verbal and/or non-verbal messages, and a mental subject who is engaged in creating and comprehending them. As a consequence of this distinction, it can be stated that the communicative network of the human life-world consists of two types of collectivities. On the one hand, there are speakers and listeners of particular languages who form interpersonal collectivities of those transmitting and receiving perceivable meaning bearers through physical-acoustic sound waves in the communication channel; on the other hand, there are intersubjective collectivities of those who process and understand intelligible meaning bearers while referring them to an extra-linguistic reality through acts of reasoning and interpreting. Exposing the notion of polyglotism, this paper argues that a multiaspectual typology of selves is possible on the basis of the linguistic and cultural texts that characterize the social roles and pragmatic goals of communication participants in the various domains of the human life-world. Finally, it supports the conviction that interdependencies between language and culture must be primarily explained in terms of psychological, or rather, psycho-semiotic conditionings of humans. Since particular languages are products and components of social and cultural life, constantly being shaped and changed due to personal and subjective activities of human selves, polyglotism as both multilingualism and multiculturalism also implies an inquiry into their multicultural competence and multicultural identity.

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Mishler, Craig. "‘That’s a Rubbaboo’." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 23, no. 2 (September 17, 2008): 264–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.23.2.04mis.

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A contact language called Broken Slavey or Slavey Jargon flourished among the Gwich’in in the nineteenth century. Slavey Jargon absorbed elements of at least five source languages: French, Gwich’in, South Slavey (Dene-Tha’), Chipewyan, and English. Analyzing historical sources and recorded ethnographic texts from fluent speakers of Gwich’in, I offer an explanation of how the lexicon and grammar of this kaleidoscopic language converged regionally in the small subarctic communities of Fort McPherson, La Pierre’s House, and Fort Yukon. I also conclude that there is no internal textual evidence that Slavey Jargon was used as a trading pidgin. The polyglot form of most Slavey Jargon texts represents a curious inseam of linguistic democracy, suggesting that a measure of social equality was negotiated between the speakers of its diverse component tongues.

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King, Matthew William. "Nomads and Vagabond Monks: From the Text to the Reader in 18th Century Inner Asia." Religions 13, no. 1 (January 17, 2022): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13010085.

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Buddhist Studies scholarship in general, and its (re)turn to the literary specifically, is overwhelmingly concerned with texts and authors. But what can this research into “Buddhist texts” and “Buddhist authors”, however robust, ever reliably tell us if not accompanied by comparative inquiry into the destabilizing tactics of readers? This article first highlights analytical resources for a comparative history of reading Buddhist literature in Inner Asia by looking to the work of Michel de Certeau and Roger Chartier. I then turn to a case study of collaborative reading that developed across the contiguous monastic and imperial networks binding together Tibetan, Mongolian, Manchu, and Chinese readers at the turn of the 18th century. Focused specifically on letter exchanges between the polyglot scholars Güng Gombojab, Katok Tséwang Norbu, and Situ Paṇchen, I underscore how collaborative reading developed to open the literary heritage of trans-Eurasia beyond the technical abilities or material access of any single reader.

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Lénárt-Cheng, Helga. "A Multilingual Monologue: Alexander Lenard’s Self-Translated Autobiography in Three Languages." Hungarian Cultural Studies 7 (January 9, 2015): 337–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ahea.2014.3.

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The paper investigates the question of self-translation in the work of Alexander Lenard (Lénárd Sándor). Lenard, a polyglot writer and translator, rewrote his autobiography three times, in three different languages (in German, English, and Hungarian). This process of self-translation created a fascinating web of autobiographical texts, which invite a multiscopic reading. Following in the footsteps of 18th century parodists, Lenard challenges a great number of protocols associated with life-writing. The most important among these is the authority of the proper name as a guarantee of autobiographical authenticity. To challenge the authority of the proper name Lenard purposely multiplies his own authorial identities, for example by claiming that “A. L. is only a pseudonym.” Thus, the word ‘self-plagiarism’ acquires in Lenard’s case a double meaning, implying both that the author plagiarizes his own text and that he plagiarizes his own self. The paper explains why existing theories of self-translation cannot be applied to Lenard’s texts, and why his unique case can enrich future studies of this topic.

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Lakshmi, N. "Role of Translation and Impact on Indian Literature." Dialogue: A Journal Devoted to Literary Appreciation 19, no. 01 (June 25, 2023): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.30949/dajdtla.v19i1.1.

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Translation is an age-old activity which occupied a part of all regional literatures since the past. The retracement can be traced to the times of the great epics as The Ramayana and The Mahabharata. India has been a multilinguistic, polyglot nation with translations from Sanskrit, Prakrit and Pali into many regional languages. Translation brings to the readers not just the meaning and context but also the cultural, social, philosophical, and psychological truths inherent in those texts and their transfer to the new language into which the text is translated. The present article attempts to reveal a few facets of Indian translations in literature and its impact on readers. This paper also focuses on the nature of translation by Indians done using translation as a tool of transformation of literature contributing to the language pantheon.

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Ram, Harsha. "The Sonnet and the Mukhambazi: Genre Wars on the Edges of the Russian Empire." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 122, no. 5 (October 2007): 1548–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2007.122.5.1548.

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Genres travel in multiple directions. This article maps the evolution and movement of two lyric genres in Georgia, a small nation situated south of the Caucasus mountains, between Russia, Turkey, and Iran. The mukhambazi arose from a polyglot urban culture rooted in Near Eastern traditions of bardic performance and festivity, while the sonnet was imported around the time of the Russian Revolution as a marker of European modernization. The brief coexistence of these two genres allows for a reexamination of the foundational opposition between East and West. Moving beyond the familiar dichotomy of tradition and modernity, this essay explores the texts and debates of more than a century, reconstructing the discrepant cosmopolitanisms and multiple modernities that typified the Caucasus region. In doing so, it seeks both to make available a literary archive unknown to American readers and to contribute to ongoing debates on the relations between the local, the national, and the imperial as cultural formations.

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Cazé, Antoine. "Polyphony in Robert Lowell's Poetry." Journal of American Studies 28, no. 3 (December 1994): 385–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002187580002764x.

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A Modernist at heart, writing in the wake of the polyglot tradition firmly established in the first half of the twentieth century by Joyce's operatic Babels and Pound's symphonic Cantos, Robert Lowell was a poet who spoke in many voices, a master of linguistic personae. Switching with baffling ease from the “otherworldly” Puritanic gloom shrouding his recreation of his New England ancestors, to the very worldly evocation of his own personal life, he was a writer with a keen ear for layering various types of discourse within the span of one poem. What is more, as was the case with Joyce or Pound, his mastery of tone and voice enabled him to let his readers overhear what I am tempted to call a “cultural polyphony” sounding in each of his texts, in the fleeting utterance of one single word — or better still, as I hope to demonstrate, in the discreet note of one syllable, one letter.

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Wild, Gerhard. "Ideen-Maschinen – Klang-Figuren – Bewegungs-Bilder – Sprach-Barrieren. Ebenen poetischer Subjektivität in Texten schreibender Maler (Chirico, Dalí, Giacometti, Miró, Ernst, Duchamp, Picabia, Magritte)." Zeitschrift für Katalanistik 21 (July 1, 2008): 39–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.46586/zfk.2008.39-75.

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Summary: European painters’ writing activities may be seen as an intent of “heteropoetry” with the aim of revealing aesthetic experience in a linguistic mode that avoids the traditional problem of visual art as representation of external reality. Henceforth, poetry becomes a privileged medium of expression of an imaginary which in Renaissance and Baroque art and literature is centered on the Neo-Platonist concept of “idea” (cf. Panofsky, Hocke). Studying the texts of surrealist painters, four aesthetic levels to perform poetic subjectivity can be detected. At the early beginning of 20th century, the poems of Dalí and Chirico absorb the tradition of inner landscape as a medium to reflect the painter’s perception processes as a manner of scanning older aesthetic and rhetoric features. Along with this concept of lyric texts as mechanisms to reproduce the subject’s imaginary, we find the concept of acoustic sculptures, such as the poems of Giacometti. These are characterized by a highly inventive manner of deforming standard language by means of foreign language structures referring to the poet’s polyglot education. The concept of “moving pictures” which may well be inspired by the ascent of cinematography is to be found in the poetry of Joan Miró. This type of painter’s texts may be described by its pictorial volatility pouring in an imagery which is close to the aesthetic procedures of surrealism such as the cadavre exquis. As a last level of poetic features we analyze are the various types of “linguistic hurdles”, represented by different kinds of puns (Max Ernst, Duchamp), linguistic fragmentation (Picabia) and semiotic meta-reflection (Magritte) which finally deconstruct the old contract between inner vision and outward reality. [Keywords: poetry, vanguard, surrealism, synaesthesia, intermediality, painting, mannerism, idea concept, Chirico, Dalí, Miró, Duchamp, Picabia, Ernst (Max), Giacometti, Magritte]

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Collins, James, and Stef Slembrouck. "Reading Shop Windows in Globalized Neighborhoods: Multilingual Literacy Practices and Indexicality." Journal of Literacy Research 39, no. 3 (September 2007): 335–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10862960701613128.

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Shop and café signs in multiple languages are familiar features of polyglot immigrant neighborhoods. This paper examines such signs, presenting photographic, observational, and interview data from a multisited ethnographic study of language contact in Ghent, an urban Belgian city. Drawing upon diverse ethnographic sources, especially the comparative readings of foreign, immigrant, and native adults, we analyze signs and notices in several immigrant neighborhoods as (a) literacy practices, attending to their contexts of use as well as to their interpretations, and as (b) examples of indexical orders and orders of discourse, asking what hierarchical frames of interpretation and evaluation are brought to bear on the reading of such signs. Our findings show that shop signs and notices are complex indexes of source, addressee, and community, which are manifest in different readers' interpretations. The overall argument addresses several general points: that the study of indexicality helps conceptualize and analyze the rich and unexpectedly broad frames of interpretation readers bring to situated multilingual texts; that concepts of indexical or discursive order contribute to our understanding of multilingual literacy practices in situations of globalized locality; and that, conversely, the study of literacy practices reveals unexpected dimensions of Late Modern discursive orders.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Polyglot texts"

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Romsdorfer, Harald. "Polyglot text to speech synthesis text analysis & prosody control." Aachen Shaker, 2009. http://d-nb.info/993448836/04.

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Romsdorfer, Harald [Verfasser]. "Polyglot Text-to-Speech Synthesis : Text Analysis & Prosody Control / Harald Romsdorfer." Aachen : Shaker, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1156517354/34.

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Books on the topic "Polyglot texts"

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Azevedo, Sebastião Laércio de. Pai nosso poliglota: 300 línguas e dialetos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Editora M. Saraiva, 2003.

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Ratnachandraji. An illustrated Ardha-Magadhi dictionary: Literary, philosophic, and scientific, with Sanskrit, Gujrati, Hindi, and English equivalents, references to the texts & copious quotations. Varanasi, India: Amar Publication, 1988.

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Keckeis. The white dove =: La colombe blanche. Los Angeles, Calif: Pro Lingua Press, 1993.

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Keckeis. The four-leaf clover =: Le trèfle à quatre feuilles = Das vierblättrige Kleeblatt = El trébol de cuatro hojas. Los Angeles, Calif: Pro Lingua Press, 1995.

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Xaver, Stöger Franz, and Dürer Albrecht 1471-1528, eds. Oratio dominica polyglotta: Singularum linguarum characteribus expressa et delineationibus Alberti Dűreri. Budapest: Szent István Társulat, 1991.

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Anne, Beaubeau, Kaufmann Maria, and Flood Monica Grimburg, eds. The Nutcracker and other tales =: Le Casse-Noisette et autres contes = Der Nussknacker und andere Märchen = El Cascanueces y otros cuentos. Los Angeles, Calif: Pro Lingua Press, 1999.

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Mario, Negri, and M. Cislaghi. O Padre nostro che ne' cieli stai: Antologia di versioni con commento glottologico. Milano: Arcipelago, 1999.

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Jane, Yolen, ed. Street rhymes around the world. Honesdale, Pa: Wordsong, 1992.

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Society, Upper Canada Bible, ed. The Word in many tongues: Being specimens of languages spoken in the Dominion of Canada. [Toronto?: Upper Canada Bible Society, 1995.

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Kazakova, Elena. The creation: Biblical text from the Greek Septuagint. Hanover, New Hampshire: Dartmouth College Baker Library, Book Arts Workshop: Letterpress Intensive, 2016.

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Book chapters on the topic "Polyglot texts"

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Boro, Joyce. "Multilingualism, Romance, and Language Pedagogy; or, Why Were So Many Sentimental Romances Printed as Polyglot Texts?" In Tudor Translation, 18–38. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230361102_2.

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Vahedi, Masoumeh, and Henning Christiansen. "$$\text {SPL}^{{index}}$$: A Spatial Polygon Learned Index." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 271–81. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-62700-2_24.

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Abudureyimu, Halidan, Renren Deng, Kuerban Maitimusha, and Nana Yang. "Polygon-Location Method Based on Uyghur Text Regional Rules." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 40–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-42057-3_6.

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Solé Gómez, Àlex, Jorge García Castaño, Peter Leškovský, and Oihana Otaegui Madurga. "PolygloNet: Multilingual Approach for Scene Text Recognition Without Language Constraints." In Image Analysis and Processing – ICIAP 2022, 479–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06430-2_40.

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Walker, Robert J., and Jack Snoeyink. "Practical Point-in-Polygon Tests Using CSG Representations of Polygons." In Algorithm Engineering and Experimentation, 114–28. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48518-x_7.

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Piotrowski, Dariusz, Renard Korzeniowski, Alessio Falai, Sebastian Cygert, Kamil Pokora, Georgi Tinchev, Ziyao Zhang, and Kayoko Yanagisawa. "Cross-Lingual Knowledge Distillation via Flow-Based Voice Conversion for Robust Polyglot Text-to-Speech." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 252–64. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8126-7_20.

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Li, Jing, Han Zhang, and Wencheng Wang. "Fast and Robust Point-in-Spherical-Polygon Tests Using Multilevel Spherical Grids." In Next Generation Computer Animation Techniques, 56–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69487-0_5.

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"6. Titles and Texts." In Polyglot Joyce. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781442678620-008.

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"The Polyglot Sa Vocabulary Texts." In Ugaritic Vocabulary in Syllabic Transcription, 21–102. BRILL, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004385825_003.

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"The First Polyglot Bible." In The Text of the Hebrew Bible and Its Editions, 3–18. BRILL, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004335028_002.

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Conference papers on the topic "Polyglot texts"

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Nachmani, Eliya, and Lior Wolf. "Unsupervised Polyglot Text-to-speech." In ICASSP 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2019.8683519.

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Pfister, Beat, and Harald Romsdorfer. "Mixed-lingual text analysis for polyglot TTS synthesis." In 8th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (Eurospeech 2003). ISCA: ISCA, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.2003-585.

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Badawy, Wael M., and Walid G. Aref. "On local heuristics to speed up polygon-polygon intersection tests." In the seventh ACM international symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/320134.320160.

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Zainkó, Csaba, Mátyás Bartalis, Géza Németh, and Gábor Olaszy. "A polyglot domain optimised text-to-speech system for railway station announcements." In Interspeech 2015. ISCA: ISCA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2015-311.

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Sanchez, Ariadna, Alessio Falai, Ziyao Zhang, Orazio Angelini, and Kayoko Yanagisawa. "Unify and Conquer: How Phonetic Feature Representation Affects Polyglot Text-To-Speech (TTS)." In Interspeech 2022. ISCA: ISCA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2022-233.

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Yamaguchi, Fujio, Masatoshi Niizeki, and Hiroyuki Fukunaga. "Two Robust, Point-in-Polygon Tests Based on the 4 × 4 Determinant Method." In ASME 1990 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1990-0113.

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Abstract Two new, contrastive point-in-polygon algorithms based on the 4 × 4 determinant method are proposed. By employing the error-free computations of the 4 × 4 determinant method, the algorithms can be very robust. First, a brief introduction to the 4 × 4 determinant method is presented. Secondly, the ideas of reconstructing, in two contrastive ways, a polygon from a sequence of point data are explained and then two algorithms derived from the ideas are presented. Thirdly, characteristics of both algorithms are discussed and compared. The complete programs of the two algorithms are shown.

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Yamaguchi, Fujio, Masatoshi Niizeki, and Hiroyuki Fukunaga. "Two Robust, Point-in-Polygon Tests Based on the 4 × 4 Determinant Method." In ASME 1990 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1990-0011.

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Abstract Two new, contrastive point-in-polygon algorithms based on the 4 × 4 determinant method are proposed. By employing the error-free computations of the 4 × 4 determinant method, the algorithms can be very robust. First, a brief introduction to the 4 × 4 determinant method is presented. Secondly, the ideas of reconstructing, in two contrastive ways, a polygon from a sequence of point data are explained and then two algorithms derived from the ideas are presented. Thirdly, characteristics of both algorithms are discussed and compared. The complete programs of the two algorithms are shown.

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Laass, Moritz. "Point in Polygon Tests Using Hardware Accelerated Ray Tracing." In SIGSPATIAL '21: 29th International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3474717.3486796.

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Wu, Weijia, Enze Xie, Ruimao Zhang, Wenhai Wang, Ping Luo, and Hong Zhou. "Polygon-Free: Unconstrained Scene Text Detection with Box Annotations." In 2022 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icip46576.2022.9897699.

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Zhang, Ziyao, Alessio Falai, Ariadna Sanchez, Orazio Angelini, and Kayoko Yanagisawa. "Mix and Match: An Empirical Study on Training Corpus Composition for Polyglot Text-To-Speech (TTS)." In Interspeech 2022. ISCA: ISCA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2022-242.

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Reports on the topic "Polyglot texts"

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Ley, Matt, Tom Baldvins, Hannah Pilkington, David Jones, and Kelly Anderson. Vegetation classification and mapping project: Big Thicket National Preserve. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299254.

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The Big Thicket National Preserve (BITH) vegetation inventory project classified and mapped vegetation within the administrative boundary and estimated thematic map accuracy quantitatively. National Park Service (NPS) Vegetation Mapping Inventory Program provided technical guidance. The overall process included initial planning and scoping, imagery procurement, vegetation classification field data collection, data analysis, imagery interpretation/classification, accuracy assessment (AA), and report writing and database development. Initial planning and scoping meetings took place during May, 2016 in Kountze, Texas where representatives gathered from BITH, the NPS Gulf Coast Inventory and Monitoring Network, and Colorado State University. The project acquired new 2014 orthoimagery (30-cm, 4-band (RGB and CIR)) from the Hexagon Imagery Program. Supplemental imagery for the interpretation phase included Texas Natural Resources Information System (TNRIS) 2015 50 cm leaf-off 4-band imagery from the Texas Orthoimagery Program (TOP), Farm Service Agency (FSA) 100-cm (2016) and 60 cm (2018) National Aerial Imagery Program (NAIP) imagery, and current and historical true-color Google Earth and Bing Maps imagery. In addition to aerial and satellite imagery, 2017 Neches River Basin Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data was obtained from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and TNRIS to analyze vegetation structure at BITH. The preliminary vegetation classification included 110 United States National Vegetation Classification (USNVC) associations. Existing vegetation and mapping data combined with vegetation plot data contributed to the final vegetation classification. Quantitative classification using hierarchical clustering and professional expertise was supported by vegetation data collected from 304 plots surveyed between 2016 and 2019 and 110 additional observation plots. The final vegetation classification includes 75 USNVC associations and 27 park special types including 80 forest and woodland, 7 shrubland, 12 herbaceous, and 3 sparse vegetation types. The final BITH map consists of 51 map classes. Land cover classes include five types: pasture / hay ground agricultural vegetation; non ? vegetated / barren land, borrow pit, cut bank; developed, open space; developed, low ? high intensity; and water. The 46 vegetation classes represent 102 associations or park specials. Of these, 75 represent natural vegetation associations within the USNVC, and 27 types represent unpublished park specials. Of the 46 vegetation map classes, 26 represent a single USNVC association/park special, 7 map classes contain two USNVC associations/park specials, 4 map classes contain three USNVC associations/park specials, and 9 map classes contain four or more USNVC associations/park specials. Forest and woodland types had an abundance of Pinus taeda, Liquidambar styraciflua, Ilex opaca, Ilex vomitoria, Quercus nigra, and Vitis rotundifolia. Shrubland types were dominated by Pinus taeda, Ilex vomitoria, Triadica sebifera, Liquidambar styraciflua, and/or Callicarpa americana. Herbaceous types had an abundance of Zizaniopsis miliacea, Juncus effusus, Panicum virgatum, and/or Saccharum giganteum. The final BITH vegetation map consists of 7,271 polygons totaling 45,771.8 ha (113,104.6 ac). Mean polygon size is 6.3 ha (15.6 ac). Of the total area, 43,314.4 ha (107,032.2 ac) or 94.6% represent natural or ruderal vegetation. Developed areas such as roads, parking lots, and campgrounds comprise 421.9 ha (1,042.5 ac) or 0.9% of the total. Open water accounts for approximately 2,034.9 ha (5,028.3 ac) or 4.4% of the total mapped area. Within the natural or ruderal vegetation types, forest and woodland types were the most extensive at 43,022.19 ha (106,310.1 ac) or 94.0%, followed by herbaceous vegetation types at 129.7 ha (320.5 ac) or 0.3%, sparse vegetation types at 119.2 ha (294.5 ac) or 0.3%, and shrubland types at 43.4 ha (107.2 ac) or 0.1%. A total of 784 AA samples were collected to evaluate the map?s thematic accuracy. When each AA sample was evaluated for a variety of potential errors, a number of the disagreements were overturned. It was determined that 182 plot records disagreed due to either an erroneous field call or a change in the vegetation since the imagery date, and 79 disagreed due to a true map classification error. Those records identified as incorrect due to an erroneous field call or changes in vegetation were considered correct for the purpose of the AA. As a simple plot count proportion, the reconciled overall accuracy was 89.9% (705/784). The spatially-weighted overall accuracy was 92.1% with a Kappa statistic of 89.6%. This method provides more weight to larger map classes in the park. Five map classes had accuracies below 80%. After discussing preliminary results with the parl, we retained those map classes because the community was rare, the map classes provided desired detail for management or the accuracy was reasonably close to the 80% target. When the 90% AA confidence intervals were included, an additional eight classes had thematic accruacies that extend below 80%. In addition to the vegetation polygon database and map, several products to support park resource management include the vegetation classification, field key to the associations, local association descriptions, photographic database, project geodatabase, ArcGIS .mxd files for map posters, and aerial imagery acquired for the project. The project geodatabase links the spatial vegetation data layer to vegetation classification, plot photos, project boundary extent, AA points, and PLOTS database sampling data. The geodatabase includes USNVC hierarchy tables allowing for spatial queries of data associated with a vegetation polygon or sample point. All geospatial products are projected using North American Datum 1983 (NAD83) in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 15 N. The final report includes methods and results, contingency tables showing AA results, field forms, species list, and a guide to imagery interpretation. These products provide useful information to assist with management of park resources and inform future management decisions. Use of standard national vegetation classification and mapping protocols facilitates effective resource stewardship by ensuring the compatibility and widespread use throughout NPS as well as other federal and state agencies. Products support a wide variety of resource assessments, park management and planning needs. Associated information provides a structure for framing and answering critical scientific questions about vegetation communities and their relationship to environmental processes across the landscape.

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