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Journal articles on the topic 'Polyketide synthase (PKS-I)'

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Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Komaki, Hisayuki, Ryosuke Fudou, Takashi Iizuka, et al. "PCR Detection of Type I Polyketide Synthase Genes in Myxobacteria." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 17 (2008): 5571–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00224-08.

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ABSTRACT The diversity of type I modular polyketide synthase (PKS) was explored by PCR amplification of DNA encoding ketosynthase and acyltransferase domains in myxobacteria. The sequencing of the amplicons revealed that many PKS genes were distantly related to the published sequences. Thus, myxobacteria may be excellent resources for novel and diverse polyketides.

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2

Graziani, Stephane, Christelle Vasnier, and Marie-Josee Daboussi. "Novel Polyketide Synthase from Nectria haematococca." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 5 (2004): 2984–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.5.2984-2988.2004.

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ABSTRACT We identified a polyketide synthase (PKS) gene, pksN, from a strain of Nectria haematococca by complementing a mutant unable to synthesize a red perithecial pigment. pksN encodes a 2,106-amino-acid polypeptide with conserved motifs characteristic of type I PKS enzymatic domains: β-ketoacyl synthase, acyltransferase, duplicated acyl carrier proteins, and thioesterase. The pksN product groups with the Aspergillus nidulans WA-type PKSs involved in conidial pigmentation and melanin, bikaverin, and aflatoxin biosynthetic pathways. Inactivation of pksN did not cause any visible change in fu

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3

Sucipto, H., J. H. Sahner, E. Prusov та ін. "In vitro reconstitution of α-pyrone ring formation in myxopyronin biosynthesis". Chemical Science 6, № 8 (2015): 5076–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5sc01013f.

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α-Pyrone rings exist in many polyketide synthase (PKS) derived natural products. We report the first in vitro reconstitution of α-pyrone ring formation by a type I PKS using chemically synthesized substrates.

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4

Lohman, Jeremy R., Ming Ma, Jerzy Osipiuk, et al. "Structural and evolutionary relationships of “AT-less” type I polyketide synthase ketosynthases." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 41 (2015): 12693–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1515460112.

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Acyltransferase (AT)-less type I polyketide synthases (PKSs) break the type I PKS paradigm. They lack the integrated AT domains within their modules and instead use a discrete AT that acts in trans, whereas a type I PKS module minimally contains AT, acyl carrier protein (ACP), and ketosynthase (KS) domains. Structures of canonical type I PKS KS-AT didomains reveal structured linkers that connect the two domains. AT-less type I PKS KSs have remnants of these linkers, which have been hypothesized to be AT docking domains. Natural products produced by AT-less type I PKSs are very complex because

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Grijseels, Sietske, Carsten Pohl, Jens Christian Nielsen, et al. "Identification of the decumbenone biosynthetic gene cluster in Penicillium decumbens and the importance for production of calbistrin." Fungal Biology and Biotechnology 5, no. 1 (2018): 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40694-018-0063-4.

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<strong>Background: </strong>Filamentous fungi are important producers of secondary metabolites, low molecular weight molecules that often have bioactive properties. Calbistrin A is a secondary metabolite with an interesting structure that was recently found to have bioactivity against leukemia cells. It consists of two polyketides linked by an ester bond: a bicyclic decalin containing polyketide with structural similarities to lovastatin, and a linear 12 carbon dioic acid structure. Calbistrin A is known to be produced by several uniseriate black Aspergilli, <i>Aspergillus versicolor</i>-rela

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Trindade-Silva, Amaro E., Cintia P. J. Rua, Bruno G. N. Andrade, et al. "Polyketide Synthase Gene Diversity within the Microbiome of the Sponge Arenosclera brasiliensis, Endemic to the Southern Atlantic Ocean." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, no. 5 (2012): 1598–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03354-12.

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ABSTRACTMicrobes associated with marine sponges are considered important producers of bioactive, structurally unique polyketides. The synthesis of such secondary metabolites involves type I polyketide synthases (PKSs), which are enzymes that reach a maximum complexity degree in bacteria. The Haplosclerida spongeArenosclera brasiliensishosts a complex microbiota and is the source of arenosclerins, alkaloids with cytotoxic and antibacterial activity. In the present investigation, we performed high-throughput sequencing of the ketosynthase (KS) amplicon to investigate the diversity of PKS genes p

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Amnuaykanjanasin, Alongkorn, Suranat Phonghanpot, Nattapong Sengpanich, Supapon Cheevadhanarak, and Morakot Tanticharoen. "Insect-Specific Polyketide Synthases (PKSs), Potential PKS-Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetase Hybrids, and Novel PKS Clades in Tropical Fungi." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 11 (2009): 3721–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02744-08.

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ABSTRACT Polyketides draw much attention because of their potential use in pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications. This study identifies an abundant pool of polyketide synthase (PKS) genes from local isolates of tropical fungi found in Thailand in three different ecological niches: insect pathogens, marine inhabitants, and lichen mutualists. We detected 149 PKS genes from 48 fungi using PCR with PKS-specific degenerate primers. We identified and classified 283 additional PKS genes from 13 fungal genomes. Phylogenetic analysis of all these PKS sequences the comprising ketosynthase (KS

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8

Schirmer, Andreas, Rishali Gadkari, Christopher D. Reeves, Fadia Ibrahim, Edward F. DeLong, and C. Richard Hutchinson. "Metagenomic Analysis Reveals Diverse Polyketide Synthase Gene Clusters in Microorganisms Associated with the Marine Sponge Discodermia dissoluta." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 8 (2005): 4840–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.8.4840-4849.2005.

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ABSTRACT Sponge-associated bacteria are thought to produce many novel bioactive compounds, including polyketides. PCR amplification of ketosynthase domains of type I modular polyketide synthases (PKS) from the microbial community of the marine sponge Discodermia dissoluta revealed great diversity and a novel group of sponge-specific PKS ketosynthase domains. Metagenomic libraries totaling more than four gigabases of bacterial genomes associated with this sponge were screened for type I modular PKS gene clusters. More than 90% of the clones in total sponge DNA libraries represented bacterial DN

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9

Gaffoor, Iffa, Daren W. Brown, Ron Plattner, Robert H. Proctor, Weihong Qi, and Frances Trail. "Functional Analysis of the Polyketide Synthase Genes in the Filamentous Fungus Gibberella zeae (Anamorph Fusarium graminearum)." Eukaryotic Cell 4, no. 11 (2005): 1926–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.4.11.1926-1933.2005.

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ABSTRACT Polyketides are a class of secondary metabolites that exhibit a vast diversity of form and function. In fungi, these compounds are produced by large, multidomain enzymes classified as type I polyketide synthases (PKSs). In this study we identified and functionally disrupted 15 PKS genes from the genome of the filamentous fungus Gibberella zeae. Five of these genes are responsible for producing the mycotoxins zearalenone, aurofusarin, and fusarin C and the black perithecial pigment. A comprehensive expression analysis of the 15 genes revealed diverse expression patterns during grain co

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10

Nguyen, Hoang Nhat Tan, Thi Truc Mai Ha, Thi Thuy Duong Luong, and Vu Phong Nguyen. "Biological characteristics and ability of Streptomyces rochei BT02 to inhibit the Ralstonia solanacearum causing bacterial wilt disease." Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam 65, no. 7 (2023): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31276/vjst.65(7).67-72.

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In the agricultural field, actinomycetes are outstanding biological control agents to inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. Based on the manual of bacterial classification of the International Streptomyces Project (ISP) and the 16S-rRNA gene sequence, the actinomycete BT02 strain was named Streptomyces rochei BT02. This strain contains two polyketide synthase type I (pks-I) and polyketide synthase type II (pks-II) genes related to antibiotic synthesis. The result showed that the actinomycetes S. rochei BT02 grow well at 31οC, 1% salt, pH 7.0, and assimilate different carbon and nitr

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11

Ali, Alimuddin, and Herlina Rante. "SCREENING OF ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA PRODUCING ANTIFUNGAL ISOLATED FROM INDONESIA MEDICINAL PLANT, JAVA GINSENG (TALINUM TRIANGULARE) (JACQ.) WILLD." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 6 (2018): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2018v10i6.26037.

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Objective: The objective of this research was to isolate and characterize endophytic bacteria from Talinum triangulare having antifungal activity.Methods: The endophytic bacteria were isolated from roots tissue of Talinum triangulare by surface sterilization method. The isolates were cultured in Trypticase Soybean agar and antagonist activities were evaluated by dual culture assay against Fusarium oxysporum, Trichoderma reesei and Candida albicans. For metabolite antifungal activities, bacterial isolates were grown for 4 d in TS broth at 35 °C under shaking condition. The antifungal activities

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12

Ma, Ming, Jeremy R. Lohman, Tao Liu, and Ben Shen. "C-S bond cleavage by a polyketide synthase domain." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 33 (2015): 10359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1508437112.

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Leinamycin (LNM) is a sulfur-containing antitumor antibiotic featuring an unusual 1,3-dioxo-1,2-dithiolane moiety that is spiro-fused to a thiazole-containing 18-membered lactam ring. The 1,3-dioxo-1,2-dithiolane moiety is essential for LNM’s antitumor activity, by virtue of its ability to generate an episulfonium ion intermediate capable of alkylating DNA. We have previously cloned and sequenced the lnm gene cluster from Streptomyces atroolivaceus S-140. In vivo and in vitro characterizations of the LNM biosynthetic machinery have since established that: (i) the 18-membered macrolactam backbo

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13

Chen, Jiang, Shanwen Zhang, Yingying Chen, Xinpeng Tian, Yucheng Gu, and Jianhua Ju. "Identification and Heterologous Expression of the Kendomycin B Biosynthetic Gene Cluster from Verrucosispora sp. SCSIO 07399." Marine Drugs 19, no. 12 (2021): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19120673.

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Verrucosispora sp. SCSIO 07399, a rare marine-derived actinomycete, produces a set of ansamycin-like polyketides kendomycin B–D (1–3) which possess potent antibacterial activities and moderate tumor cytotoxicity. Structurally, kendomycin B–D contain a unique aliphatic macrocyclic ansa scaffold in which the highly substituted pyran ring is connected to the quinone moiety. In this work, a type I/type III polyketide synthase (PKS) hybrid biosynthetic gene cluster coding for assembly of kendomycin B (kmy), and covering 33 open reading frames, was identified from Verrucosispora sp. SCSIO 07399. The

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14

Prayekti, Endah, Muhammad Taufiq Hidayat, Devita Rahma Putri, and Nur Syamsiatul Fajar. "PCR Optimization for Polyketide Synthase (PKS) and Non-Ribosomal Peptide Synthetase (NRPS) Gene Detection in Actinomycetes." BIO Web of Conferences 117 (2024): 01041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202411701041.

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Actinomycetes are known as a group of antimicrobial-producing bacteria. This is supported by the presence of potential genes in actinomycetes bacteria. These genes include Polyketide Synthase (PKS) and Non-Ribosomal Peptide Synthetase (NRPS). Detection of these genes using PCR requires the optimum annealing temperature so that the detection process runs accurately. The purpose of this study was to determine the appropriate annealing temperature in the detection of PKS I, PKS II and NRPS genes in actinomycetes bacterial isolates. The study was carried out experimentally with varying annealing t

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15

Escalante-Réndiz, Diana, Susana de-la-Rosa-García, Raúl Tapia-Tussell, et al. "Molecular Identification of Selected Streptomyces Strains Isolated from Mexican Tropical Soils and their Anti-Candida Activity." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 11 (2019): 1913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16111913.

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The increasing incidence of Candida albicans infections and resistance to current antifungal therapies has led to the search for new and more effective antifungal compounds. Actinobacterial species from the Streptomyces genus are recognized as some of the major producers of antimicrobial compounds. Therefore, the aims of this study were: (1) the identification of Streptomyces strains isolated from Mexican tropical acidic soils, (2) the evaluation of their antifungal activity on C. albicans, and (3) the exploration of the presence of polyketide synthase genes in their genome and antifungal seco

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16

Kaur, Christina Parvinder, Thevambiga Iyadorai, Cynthia Sears, April Camilla Roslani, Jamuna Vadivelu, and Chandramathi Samudi. "Presence of Polyketide Synthase (PKS) Gene and Counterpart Virulence Determinants in Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains Enhances Colorectal Cancer Progression In-Vitro." Microorganisms 11, no. 2 (2023): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11020443.

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Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) colonizes the human gut and is a causative factor of pyogenic liver abscess (PLA). Retrospective studies conducted on K. pneumoniae PLA patients revealed subsequent CRC development in later years of their life with increasing prevalence of these strains harbouring polyketide synthase (PKS) genes. To our knowledge there are no known studies directly implicating K. pneumoniae with CRC to date. Our aims are to characterize K. pneumoniae isolates from CRC patients and investigate its effects on cell proliferation in vitro. K. pneumoniae isolates were character

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17

Komaki, Hisayuki, Tomohiko Tamura, and Yasuhiro Igarashi. "Taxonomic Positions and Secondary Metabolite-Biosynthetic Gene Clusters of Akazaoxime- and Levantilide-Producers." Life 13, no. 2 (2023): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13020542.

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Micromonospora sp. AKA109 is a producer of akazaoxime and A-76356, whereas Micromonospora sp. AKA38 is that of levantilide C. We aimed to clarify their taxonomic positions and identify biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) of these compounds. In 16S rRNA gene and DNA gyrase subunit B gene (gyrB) sequence analyses, strains AKA109 and AKA38 were the most closely related to Micromonospora humidisoli MMS20-R2-29T and Micromonospora schwarzwaldensis HKI0641T, respectively. Although Micromonospora sp. AKA109 was identified as M. humidisoli by the gyrB sequence similarity and DNA–DNA relatedness based on

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Afegbua, S. L., Sani Y. M., A. L. Jones, C. Okoro, and M. Goodfellow. "Phylogenetic Characterization and Detection of Polyketide Synthase Type I and Non-ribosomal Peptide Synthases Genes in Micromonospora Strains Isolated from Chilean Marine Sediments." UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR) 6, no. 2 (2021): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2162.006.

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There has been an increasing emphasis on the need to exploit un- and underexplored environments especially the marine environments for microbial and chemical diversity. Previous in-depth exploration of Chilean marine sediments have led to the isolation of members of the Micromonosporaceae, which require de-replication and characterization to establish taxonomic status along with screening of the isolates for the ability to produce bioactive compounds. This study was, therefore, embarked on with the aim of assessing phylogenetic relationship of the isolates and screening for novel polyketide sy

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Wijaya, A. P., A. Sabdono, M. T. Sibero, A. Trianto, and O. K. Radjasa. "Screening of the antifungal potential of nudibranch Chromodoris lineolata associated bacteria against Candida albicans." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 967, no. 1 (2022): 012043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/967/1/012043.

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Abstract Skin disease is the fourth most common disease caused by infection of opportunistic pathogens on the skin. Skin diseases are generally treated by antibiotic products. However, overuse of antibiotics can increase the resistance of pathogens to various classes of antibiotics. Therefore, the study of new antimicrobial compounds against skin pathogens is urgently needed. This study aims to isolate nudibranch Chromodoris lineolata associated bacteria with antifungal activity against Candida albicans and detect the presence of type I polyketide synthase (PKS I), type II polyketide synthase

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20

Li, Minying, Huan Huang, Jun Liu, et al. "Deletion C-terminal thioesterase abolishes melanin biosynthesis, affects metabolism and reduces the pathogenesis of Fonsecaea monophora." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 16, no. 6 (2022): e0010485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010485.

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Dematiaceous Fonsecaea monophora is one of the major pathogens of chromoblastomycosis. It has been well established that melanization is catalyzed by the type I polyketide synthase (PKS) in F. monophora. Multidomain protein Type I PKS is encoded by six genes, in which the last enzyme thioesterase (TE) catalyzes the cyclization and releases polyketide. Two PKS genes AYO21_03016 (pks1) and AYO21_10638 have been found in F. monophora and both PKS loci have the same gene arrangement but the TE domain in AYO21_10638 is truncated at 3’- end. TE may be the key enzyme to maintain the function of pks1.

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21

Alferova, Vera A., Anna A. Baranova, Olga A. Belozerova, et al. "Molecular Decoration and Unconventional Double Bond Migration in Irumamycin Biosynthesis." Antibiotics 13, no. 12 (2024): 1167. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13121167.

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Irumamycin (Iru) is a complex polyketide with pronounced antifungal activity produced by a type I polyketide (PKS) synthase. Iru features a unique hemiketal ring and an epoxide group, making its biosynthesis and the structural diversity of related compounds particularly intriguing. In this study, we performed a detailed analysis of the iru biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) to uncover the mechanisms underlying Iru formation. We examined the iru PKS, including the domain architecture of individual modules and the overall spatial structure of the PKS, and uncovered discrepancies in substrate specif

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Komaki, Hisayuki, Yasuhiro Igarashi, and Tomohiko Tamura. "Taxonogenomic Analysis of Marine-Derived Streptomyces sp. N11-50 and the Profile of NRPS and PKS Gene Clusters." Hydrobiology 2, no. 2 (2023): 382–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrobiology2020025.

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Streptomyces sp. N11-50 was isolated from deep-sea water and found to produce diketopiperazine (DKP) compounds such as albonoursin and cyclo(Phe-Leu). This study aimed to reveal the potential to synthesize diverse nonribosomal peptide and polyketide compounds as the other secondary metabolites different from DKP after clarifying the taxonomic position. Strain N11-50 was identified as Streptomyces albus, as it showed 100% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities and 95.5% DNA–DNA relatedness to S. albus NBRC 13014T. We annotated the nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) and polyketide synthase (PKS

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23

Nguyen, Hoang-Chuong, Emmanuelle Darbon, Robert Thai, Jean-Luc Pernodet, and Sylvie Lautru. "Post-PKS Tailoring Steps of the Spiramycin Macrolactone Ring in Streptomyces ambofaciens." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 57, no. 8 (2013): 3836–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00512-13.

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ABSTRACTSpiramycins are clinically important 16-member macrolide antibiotics produced byStreptomyces ambofaciens. Biosynthetic studies have established that the earliest lactonic intermediate in spiramycin biosynthesis, the macrolactone platenolide I, is synthesized by a type I modular polyketide synthase (PKS). Platenolide I then undergoes a series of post-PKS tailoring reactions yielding the final products, spiramycins I, II, and III. We recently characterized the post-PKS glycosylation steps of spiramycin biosynthesis inS. ambofaciens. We showed that three glycosyltransferases, Srm5, Srm29,

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Otsuka, Miyuki, Koji Ichinose, Isao Fujii, and Yutaka Ebizuka. "Cloning, Sequencing, and Functional Analysis of an Iterative Type I Polyketide Synthase Gene Cluster for Biosynthesis of the Antitumor Chlorinated Polyenone Neocarzilin in “Streptomyces carzinostaticus”." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 48, no. 9 (2004): 3468–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.48.9.3468-3476.2004.

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ABSTRACT Neocarzilins (NCZs) are antitumor chlorinated polyenones produced by “Streptomyces carzinostaticus” var. F-41. The gene cluster responsible for the biosynthesis of NCZs was cloned and characterized. DNA sequence analysis of a 33-kb region revealed a cluster of 14 open reading frames (ORFs), three of which (ORF4, ORF5, and ORF6) encode type I polyketide synthase (PKS), which consists of four modules. Unusual features of the modular organization is the lack of an obvious acyltransferase domain on modules 2 and 4 and the presence of longer interdomain regions more than 200 amino acids in

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Kim, Jung-Eun, Kap-Hoon Han, Jianming Jin, et al. "Putative Polyketide Synthase and Laccase Genes for Biosynthesis of Aurofusarin in Gibberella zeae." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 4 (2005): 1701–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.4.1701-1708.2005.

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ABSTRACT Mycelia of Gibberella zeae (anamorph, Fusarium graminearum), an important pathogen of cereal crops, are yellow to tan with white to carmine red margins. We isolated genes encoding the following two proteins that are required for aurofusarin biosynthesis from G. zeae: a type I polyketide synthase (PKS) and a putative laccase. Screening of insertional mutants of G. zeae, which were generated by using a restriction enzyme-mediated integration procedure, resulted in the isolation of mutant S4B3076, which is a pigment mutant. In a sexual cross of the mutant with a strain with normal pigmen

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Hanh Nguyen, Vu Thi, Chu Ky Son, and Phi Quyet Tien. "Classification and characterization of endophytic actinomycetes isolated from cinnamomum cassia presl." Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology 16, no. 1 (2018): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/16/1/13459.

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Currently, antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria is a significant clinical problem with the increase of deseases and a serious public health concern. Thus, the identification of new antimicrobial agents, especially the secondary metabolites products by endophytic actinobacteria from medical plants could be promising sources of biologically active compounds in medical fields. This study focused on identification and evaluation of antimicrobial activity against pathogens; genes involved in their secondary metabolisms, and screening of anthracycline producing capacity (mainly presented in

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Ginolhac, Aurélien, Cyrille Jarrin, Benjamin Gillet, et al. "Phylogenetic Analysis of Polyketide Synthase I Domains from Soil Metagenomic Libraries Allows Selection of Promising Clones." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 9 (2004): 5522–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.9.5522-5527.2004.

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ABSTRACT The metagenomic approach provides direct access to diverse unexplored genomes, especially from uncultivated bacteria in a given environment. This diversity can conceal many new biosynthetic pathways. Type I polyketide synthases (PKSI) are modular enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of many natural products of industrial interest. Among the PKSI domains, the ketosynthase domain (KS) was used to screen a large soil metagenomic library containing more than 100,000 clones to detect those containing PKS genes. Over 60,000 clones were screened, and 139 clones containing KS domains were det

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Su, Xueqiang, Xu Sun, Xi Cheng, et al. "Comparative genomic analysis of the PKS genes in five species and expression analysis in upland cotton." PeerJ 5 (October 30, 2017): e3974. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3974.

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Plant type III polyketide synthase (PKS) can catalyse the formation of a series of secondary metabolites with different structures and different biological functions; the enzyme plays an important role in plant growth, development and resistance to stress. At present, the PKS gene has been identified and studied in a variety of plants. Here, we identified 11 PKS genes from upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and compared them with 41 PKS genes inPopulus tremula,Vitis vinifera,Malus domesticaandArabidopsis thaliana. According to the phylogenetic tree, a total of 52 PKS genes can be divided into

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He, Yunlong, Yuhui Sun, Tiangang Liu, Xiufen Zhou, Linquan Bai, and Zixin Deng. "Cloning of Separate Meilingmycin Biosynthesis Gene Clusters by Use of Acyltransferase-Ketoreductase Didomain PCR Amplification." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 10 (2010): 3283–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02262-09.

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ABSTRACT Five meilingmycins, A to E, with A as the major component, were isolated from Streptomyces nanchangensis NS3226. Through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) characterization, meilingmycins A to E proved to be identical to reported milbemycins α11, α13, α14, β1, and β9, respectively. Sequencing of a previously cloned 103-kb region identified three modular type I polyketide synthase genes putatively encoding the last 11 elongation steps, three modification proteins, and one transcriptional regulatory protein for meilingmycin biosynthesis. However, the expected loading module and the first

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Rittner, Alexander, Karthik S. Paithankar, Khanh Vu Huu, and Martin Grininger. "Characterization of the Polyspecific Transferase of Murine Type I Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) and Implications for Polyketide Synthase (PKS) Engineering." ACS Chemical Biology 13, no. 3 (2018): 723–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acschembio.7b00718.

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Buitimea-Cantúa, Génesis V., Nayelli Marsch-Martinez, Patricia Ríos-Chavez, Alfonso Méndez-Bravo, and Jorge Molina-Torres. "Global gene expression analyses of the alkamide-producing plant Heliopsis longipes supports a polyketide synthase-mediated biosynthesis pathway." PeerJ 8 (September 25, 2020): e10074. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10074.

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Background Alkamides are plant-specific bioactive molecules. They are low molecular weight N-substituted α-unsaturated acyl amides that display biological explicit activities in different organisms from bacteria, fungi, insects to mammals and plants. The acyl chain has been proposed to be biosynthesized from a fatty acid; however, this has not been demonstrated yet. Heliopsis longipes (Asteraceae) accumulates in root a C10 alkamide called affinin in its roots, but not in leaves. The closely related species Heliopsis annua does not produce alkamides. To elucidate the biosynthetic pathway of the

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dos Santos, José Diogo Neves, Susana Afonso João, Jesús Martín, Francisca Vicente, Fernando Reyes, and Olga Maria Lage. "iChip-Inspired Isolation, Bioactivities and Dereplication of Actinomycetota from Portuguese Beach Sediments." Microorganisms 10, no. 7 (2022): 1471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10071471.

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Oceans hold a stunning number of unique microorganisms, which remain unstudied by culture-dependent methods due to failures in establishing the right conditions for these organisms to grow. In this work, an isolation effort inspired by the iChip was performed using marine sediments from Memoria beach, Portugal. The isolates obtained were identified by 16S rRNA gene analysis, fingerprinted using BOX-PCR and ERIC-PCR, searched for the putative presence of secondary metabolism genes associated with polyketide synthase I (PKS-I) and non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS), screened for antimicrob

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Failor, Kevin C., Haijie Liu, Marco E. Mechan Llontop, et al. "Ice nucleation in a Gram-positive bacterium isolated from precipitation depends on a polyketide synthase and non-ribosomal peptide synthetase." ISME Journal 16, no. 3 (2021): 890–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41396-021-01140-4.

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AbstractEarth’s radiation budget and frequency and intensity of precipitation are influenced by aerosols with ice nucleation activity (INA), i.e., particles that catalyze the formation of ice. Some bacteria, fungi, and pollen are among the most efficient ice nucleators but the molecular basis of INA is poorly understood in most of them. Lysinibacillus parviboronicapiens (Lp) was previously identified as the first Gram-positive bacterium with INA. INA of Lp is associated with a secreted, nanometer-sized, non-proteinaceous macromolecule or particle. Here a combination of comparative genomics, tr

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Kan, Delong, Di Zhao, and Pengfei Duan. "In silico identification of Capsicum type III polyketide synthase genes and expression patterns in Capsicum annuum." Open Life Sciences 15, no. 1 (2020): 753–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/biol-2020-0077.

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AbstractStudies have shown that abundant and various flavonoids accumulate in chili pepper (Capsicum), but there are few reports on the genes that govern chili pepper flavonoid biosynthesis. Here, we report the comprehensive identification of genes encoding type III polyketide synthase (PKS), an important enzyme catalyzing the generation of flavonoid backbones. In total, 13, 14 and 13 type III PKS genes were identified in each genome of C. annuum, C. chinense and C. baccatum, respectively. The phylogeny topology of Capsicum PKSs is similar to those in other plants, as it showed two classes of

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Balzano, Sergio, Laura Villanueva, Marijke de Bar, et al. "Biosynthesis of Long Chain Alkyl Diols and Long Chain Alkenols in Nannochloropsis spp. (Eustigmatophyceae)." Plant and Cell Physiology 60, no. 8 (2019): 1666–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcz078.

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AbstractWe investigated potential biosynthetic pathways of long chain alkenols (LCAs), long chain alkyl diols (LCDs), and long chain hydroxy fatty acids (LCHFAs) in Nannochloropsis oceanica and Nannochloropsis gaditana, by combining culturing experiments with genomic and transcriptomic analyses. Incubation of Nannochloropsis spp. in the dark for 1 week led to significant increases in the cellular concentrations of LCAs and LCDs in both species. Consistently, 13C-labelled substrate experiments confirmed that both LCA and LCD were actively produced in the dark from C14–18 fatty acids by either c

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Shen, Yaoyao, Fan Sun, Liu Zhang, et al. "Biosynthesis of depsipeptides with a 3-hydroxybenzoate moiety and selective anticancer activities involves a chorismatase." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 16 (2020): 5509–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra119.010922.

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Neoantimycins are anticancer compounds of 15-membered ring antimycin-type depsipeptides. They are biosynthesized by a hybrid multimodular protein complex of nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) and polyketide synthase (PKS), typically from the starting precursor 3-formamidosalicylate. Examining fermentation extracts of Streptomyces conglobatus, here we discovered four new neoantimycin analogs, unantimycins B–E, in which 3-formamidosalicylates are replaced by an unusual 3-hydroxybenzoate (3-HBA) moiety. Unantimycins B–E exhibited levels of anticancer activities similar to those of the chemoth

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Gloria, Paul Christian, Elaine Romines, Marc Jeremie Punzalan, et al. "Genome Mining of a Novel Marine Sponge Symbiont Nocardia sp. BML-15-R-026U Reveals High Biosynthetic Potential for Secondary Metabolites, Including a Non-Ribosomal Peptide and a Polyketide of High Novelty." SciEnggJ 16, Supplement (2023): 107–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.54645/xsnn78625.

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Antibiotic and drug resistance poses serious global public health threats, leading to substantial infections and fatalities annually. Addressing these issues requires the discovery of novel bioactive compounds and a faster and more cost-effective discovery process. However, traditional approaches, which require isolation and multi-step purification of compounds from organisms and running of initial assays, suffer from serious limitations such asthe need for substantial amounts of biological material and high rates of compound rediscoveries. Because the biosynthetic capabilities of organisms ar

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Salam, Nimaichand, Thi-Nhan Khieu, Min-Jiao Liu, et al. "Endophytic Actinobacteria Associated with Dracaena cochinchinensis Lour.: Isolation, Diversity, and Their Cytotoxic Activities." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1308563.

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Dracaena cochinchinensis Lour. is an ethnomedicinally important plant used in traditional Chinese medicine known as dragon’s blood. Excessive utilization of the plant for extraction of dragon’s blood had resulted in the destruction of the important niche. During a study to provide a sustainable way of utilizing the resources, the endophytic Actinobacteria associated with the plant were explored for potential utilization of their medicinal properties. Three hundred and four endophytic Actinobacteria belonging to the genera Streptomyces, Nocardiopsis, Brevibacterium, Microbacterium, Tsukamurella

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Funa, Nobutaka, Masanori Funabashi, Yasuo Ohnishi, and Sueharu Horinouchi. "Biosynthesis of Hexahydroxyperylenequinone Melanin via Oxidative Aryl Coupling by Cytochrome P-450 in Streptomyces griseus." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 23 (2005): 8149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.23.8149-8155.2005.

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ABSTRACT Dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) melanins formed from tyrosine by tyrosinases are found in microorganisms, plants, and animals. Most species in the soil-dwelling, gram-positive bacterial genus Streptomyces produce DOPA melanins and melanogenesis is one of the characteristics used for taxonomy. Here we report a novel melanin biosynthetic pathway involving a type III polyketide synthase (PKS), RppA, and a cytochrome P-450 enzyme, P-450mel, in Streptomyces griseus. In vitro reconstitution of the P-450mel catalyst with spinach ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase/ferredoxin revealed that it catalyzed

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Shan, Wenna, Ying Zhou, Huihui Liu, and Xiaomin Yu. "Endophytic Actinomycetes from Tea Plants (Camellia sinensis): Isolation, Abundance, Antimicrobial, and Plant-Growth-Promoting Activities." BioMed Research International 2018 (November 1, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1470305.

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Endophytic actinomycetes are a promising source of novel metabolites with diverse biological activities. Tea plants (Camellia sinensis) produce arsenals of phytochemicals, which are linked to a number of medicinal and nutritional properties. However, a systematic investigation into the abundance and diversity of cultivated actinomycetes residing in tea plants has not been performed. In this study, a total of 46 actinobacteria were recovered from leaf, stem, and root samples of 15 tea cultivars collected in Fujian province, China. Their abundance and diversity were shown to be influenced by bot

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Janso, Jeffrey E., and Guy T. Carter. "Biosynthetic Potential of Phylogenetically Unique Endophytic Actinomycetes from Tropical Plants." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 13 (2010): 4377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02959-09.

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ABSTRACT The culturable diversity of endophytic actinomycetes associated with tropical, native plants is essentially unexplored. In this study, 123 endophytic actinomycetes were isolated from tropical plants collected from several locations in Papua New Guinea and Mborokua Island, Solomon Islands. Isolates were found to be prevalent in roots but uncommon in leaves. Initially, isolates were dereplicated to the strain level by ribotyping. Subsequent characterization of 105 unique strains by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that 17 different genera were represented, and rare genera, such

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Wheeler, Michael H., Dariusz Abramczyk, Lorraine S. Puckhaber, et al. "New Biosynthetic Step in the Melanin Pathway of Wangiella (Exophiala) dermatitidis: Evidence for 2-Acetyl-1,3,6,8-Tetrahydroxynaphthalene as a Novel Precursor." Eukaryotic Cell 7, no. 10 (2008): 1699–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00179-08.

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ABSTRACT The predominant cell wall melanin of Wangiella dermatitidis, a black fungal pathogen of humans, is synthesized from 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (D2HN). An early precursor, 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxynaphthalene (T4HN), in the pathway leading to D2HN is reportedly produced directly as a pentaketide by an iterative type I polyketide synthase (PKS). In contrast, the bluish-green pigment in Aspergillus fumigatus is produced after the enzyme Ayg1p converts the PKS product, the heptaketide YWA1, to T4HN. Previously, we created a new melanin-deficient mutant of W. dermatitidis, WdBrm1, by random molec

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Su, Pei, De-Xiang Wang, Shao-Xiong Ding, and Jing Zhao. "Isolation and diversity of natural product biosynthetic genes of cultivable bacteria associated with marine sponge Mycale sp. from the coast of Fujian, China." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 60, no. 4 (2014): 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2013-0785.

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The marine sponge Mycale sp., a potential source of natural bioactive products, is widely distributed along the coast of Fujian, China. The cultivable bacterial community associated with Mycale sp., the antibacterial activities, and the PKS (polyketide synthase) and NRPS (nonribosomal peptide synthetase) gene diversity of these bacteria were investigated. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene showed that the 51 isolates from Mycale sp. belonged to Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Firmicutes. Among them, some bacteria were first isolated from mar

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Hullar, Meredith A., Keith R. Curtis, Tabitha Harrison, et al. "Abstract 3039: Evaluation of intra-tumoral pks+ E. coli, enterotoxigenic B. fragilis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, overall and in early onset disease, in colorectal cancer cases." Cancer Research 83, no. 7_Supplement (2023): 3039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-3039.

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Abstract Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence has increased in those 50 years or younger compared to older individuals in recent decades. While the intra-tumoral microbiome is a potent facilitator of tumorigenesis, the role of the microbiome in early onset (eo)CRC is unclear. Identification of the intra-tumoral microbiome may enhance prediction of adverse outcomes to improve survival of CRC overall age groups and eoCRC. Methods: We performed targeted sequencing of tumor and matched normal DNA samples from 3695 colorectal cancer cases within the Genetics and Colorectal Cancer Consortiu

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Edlund, Anna, Sandra Loesgen, William Fenical, and Paul R. Jensen. "Geographic Distribution of Secondary Metabolite Genes in the Marine Actinomycete Salinispora arenicola." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 17 (2011): 5916–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00611-11.

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ABSTRACTThe molecular fingerprinting technique terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) was used in combination with sequence-based approaches to evaluate the geographic distribution of secondary metabolite biosynthetic genes in strains of the marine actinomyceteSalinispora arenicola. This study targeted ketosynthase (KS) domains from type I polyketide synthase (PKS) genes and revealed four distinct clusters, the largest of which was comprised of strains from all six global locations sampled. The remaining strains fell into three smaller clusters comprised of strains derived

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Sabdono, A., D. P. Wijayanti, and S. Subagiyo. "Marine flatworm Acanthozoon sp.-associated bacteria with antibiotic property from the Java Sea." Biosystems Diversity 31, no. 1 (2023): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/012306.

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Neglected invertebrates, marine flatworms, have attracted global research interest due to their biological and chemical potential properties. The marine flatworms (Turbellaria), Phylum Platyhelminthes, belong to the Polycladida group. There are about 3000 species of free-living flatworms that make a living by hunting and eating other animals. A marine flatworm Acanthozoon sp. was used in this study due to its abundant presence in the site location. Staphylococcus epidermidis is an opportunistic pathogenic bacterium that was previously considered a harmless skin disease bacterium. This species

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Passari, Ajit K., Vineet K. Mishra, Vijai K. Gupta, Ratul Saikia, and Bhim P. Singh. "Distribution and Identification of Endophytic Streptomyces Species from Schima wallichii as Potential Biocontrol Agents against Fungal Plant Pathogens." Polish Journal of Microbiology 65, no. 3 (2016): 319–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/17331331.1215611.

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The prospective of endophytic microorganisms allied with medicinal plants is disproportionally large compared to those in other biomes. The use of antagonistic microorganisms to control devastating fungal pathogens is an attractive and eco-friendly substitute for chemical pesticides. Many species of actinomycetes, especially the genus Streptomyces, are well known as biocontrol agents. We investigated the culturable community composition and biological control ability of endophytic Streptomyces sp. associated with an ethanobotanical plant Schima wallichi. A total of 22 actinobacterial strains w

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Quang Huy, Nguyen, Vu Thi Hanh Nguyen, Nguyen Van The, Bui Thi Lien, Le Thi Thu Hang, and Phi Quyet Tien. "Antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of endophytic Streptomyces strains isolated from Cinnamomum cassia Presl in Vietnam." Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology 17, no. 4 (2020): 757–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/17/4/14469.

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Vietnam is recognized as one of the countries with the high diversity of medicinal plant species in the world, nevertheless little is known about the distribution, diversity and biological activity of endophytic actinomycetes associated with host plants. The present study aimed to evaluate antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of four endophytic Streptomyces strains including Streptomyces sp. HBQ75, HBQ87, HBQ102 and HBQ104 isolated from different organs (roots, stems or leaves) of Cinnamomum cassia Presl. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences and the phylogenetic tree assigned them to four dif

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Gontijo, Marco Túlio Pardini, Nancy E. Ramia, Alexis Dijamentiuk, et al. "Mining Biosynthetic Gene Clusters in Carnobacterium maltaromaticum by Interference Competition Network and Genome Analysis." Microorganisms 10, no. 9 (2022): 1794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10091794.

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Carnobacterium maltaromaticum is a non-starter lactic acid bacterium (LAB) of interest in the dairy industry for biopreservation. This study investigated the interference competition network and the specialized metabolites biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) content in this LAB in order to explore the relationship between the antimicrobial properties and the genome content. Network analysis revealed that the potency of inhibition tended to increase when the inhibition spectrum broadened, but also that several strains exhibited a high potency and narrow spectrum of inhibition. The C. maltaromatic

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Hullar, Meredith A. J., Keith R. Curtis, Tabitha A. Harrison, et al. "Abstract PR008: Evaluation of intra-tumoral pathogenic bacteria pks+ E. coli, enterotoxigenic B. fragilis and fusobacterium nucleatum in 3695 colorectal cancer cases." Cancer Research 82, no. 23_Supplement_1 (2022): PR008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.crc22-pr008.

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Abstract Background: The microbiome in colorectal cancer (CRC) tumors is now recognized as a potent facilitator of tumorigenesis. Identification of the intra-tumoral microbiome may provide an avenue to enhance prediction of adverse outcomes and ultimately lead to improved survival of CRC, the second leading cause of cancer death. Methods: We performed targeted sequencing of tumor and matched normal DNA samples for 3695 colorectal cancer cases within the Genetics and Colorectal Cancer Consortium (GECCO) and the Colon Cancer Family Registry (CCFR). Tumor DNA was extracted primarily from formalin

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