Relevant bibliographies by topics / Polymer additives

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Polymer additives'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Polymer additives"

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Hsu, S. C., D. Lin-Vien, and R. N. French. "Probing the Concentration Profiles of Additives in Polymers by IR Microspectroscopy: The Diffusion of Cyasorb UV531 in Polypropylene." Applied Spectroscopy 46, no. 2 (February 1992): 225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702924125690.

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The recent advancement in FT-IR microspectrometry has provided a convenient way to probe the concentration profiles of additives in polymers. This technique opens up intriguing prospects for investigating additive/polymer or polymer/polymer interaction. In this work, the diffusion of a UV stabilizer, UV531, in polypropylene was selected to illustrate the applications of an IR microscope to monitor the concentration profiles of additives in polymers. In addition, a nonlinear least-squares fitting program was written to obtain diffusion coefficients from concentration profiles based on a theoretical model of the diffusion process. Because IR spectroscopy is functional-group specific, this technique is relatively insensitive to the presence of impurities or other additives in studying additive diffusion in polymers. The sensitivity, the aperturing capability, and the high spatial resolution of FT-IR microprobes make it possible to characterize a wider range of diffusion experiments in a shorter period of time than can be done using traditional techniques.
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Naghiyeva, E. A., and E. I. Hasanova. "The additives of polymer type." Azerbaijan Oil Industry, no. 02 (February 15, 2023): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37474/0365-8554/2023-02-45-51.

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The paper presents the general data on various polymer additives – polyisobutylene, polyacrilates, polymetacrylates, oil-soluble polymers and copolymers of allyl and vynil monomers, the derivatives of alkylnaphtalines, alkylfenol, which improve viscous and depressor properties of the lubricants. While using polymer compounds undergo different processes of destruction and oxidation. To improve the stability, the aromatic fragments are involved in the polymers via various methods. The paper provides the results of the research surveys on the synthesis of the additives of polymer type with heat-stable, high viscous-temperature, depressor, anticorrosion, antioxidation properties, and their structure have been studied as well. It is noted that wide-range studies in the sphere of the synthesis and examination of the target, high-quality polymer additives are carried out in the Institute for the Chemistry of Additives of ANAS named after A.M. Guliyev. These additives as the depressor ones reduce the chilling temperature of the lubricants and improve their viscosity index.
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Zirdehi, Elias, Hakan Dumlu, Gunther Eggeler, and Fathollah Varnik. "On the Size Effect of Additives in Amorphous Shape Memory Polymers." Materials 14, no. 2 (January 10, 2021): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14020327.

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Small additive molecules often enhance structural relaxation in polymers. We explore this effect in a thermoplastic shape memory polymer via molecular dynamics simulations. The additive-to-monomer size ratio is shown to play a key role here. While the effect of additive-concentration on the rate of shape recovery is found to be monotonic in the investigated range, a non-monotonic dependence on the size-ratio emerges at temperatures close to the glass transition. This work thus identifies the additives’ size to be a qualitatively novel parameter for controlling the recovery process in polymer-based shape memory materials.
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Zirdehi, Elias M., Hakan Dumlu, Gunther Eggeler, and Fathollah Varnik. "On the Size Effect of Additives in Amorphous Shape Memory Polymers." Materials 14, no. 2 (January 10, 2021): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14020327.

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Small additive molecules often enhance structural relaxation in polymers. We explore this effect in a thermoplastic shape memory polymer via molecular dynamics simulations. The additive-to-monomer size ratio is shown to play a key role here. While the effect of additive-concentration on the rate of shape recovery is found to be monotonic in the investigated range, a non-monotonic dependence on the size-ratio emerges at temperatures close to the glass transition. This work thus identifies the additives’ size to be a qualitatively novel parameter for controlling the recovery process in polymer-based shape memory materials.
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Larsen, Oksana, Marsel Nurtdinov, Viktoria Shvetsova, and Ekaterina Fomina. "Influence of expansive additive on formation of fresh polymer modified pastes." MATEC Web of Conferences 239 (2018): 01023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823901023.

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Chemical admixtures are widely used in cement-based mixtures to reduce water demand, increase working time or accelerate strength development. The application of water-soluble polymers in building industry is increasing. The performance of cement mortars and concretes can be improved by the modification of their structure with additives of polymers. The use of polymers in cement-based compositions can decrease the intensity of hydration kinetic and increase the shrinkage deformation. Hardening of polymer-modified cement-based mixtures is associated with drying shrinkage which can significantly decrease crack resistance of cement concretes, especially in the case of polymer dispersions. The influence of polymer admixture with expansive additive on formation of cement-based pastes was investigated. Structure formation of fresh polymer modified cementitious mixtures with expansive additive was experimentally investigated by heat evolution behavior. Structure formation as a function of time and depends from initial mixture design properties such as water-cement ratio, polymer-cement ratio and content of expansive additive.
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Abbas, Ghulam, Sonny Irawan, Khalil Rehman Memon, and Javed Khan. "Application of cellulose-based polymers in oil well cementing." Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology 10, no. 2 (November 22, 2019): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13202-019-00800-8.

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AbstractCellulose-based polymers have been successfully used in many areas of petroleum engineering especially in enhanced oil recovery drilling fluid, fracturing and cementing. This paper presents the application of cellulose-based polymer in oil well cementing. These polymers work as multifunctional additive in cement slurry that reduce the quantity of additives and lessen the operational cost of cementing operation. The viscosity of cellulose polymers such as hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) has been determined at various temperatures to evaluate the thermal degradation. Moreover, polymers are incorporated in cement slurry to evaluate the properties and affect in cement slurry at 90 °C. The API properties like rheology, free water separation, fluid loss and compressive strength of slurries with and without polymer have been determined at 90 °C. The experimental results showed that the viscosity of HPMC polymer was enhanced at 90 °C than other cellulose-based polymers. The comparative and experimental analyses showed that the implementation of cellulose-based polymers improves the API properties of cement slurry at 90 °C. The increased viscosity of these polymers showed high rheology that was adjusted by adding dispersant which optimizes the rheology of slurry. Further, improved API properties, i.e., zero free water separation, none sedimentation, less than 50 ml/30 min fluid loss and high compressive strength, were obtained through HEC, CMC and HPMC polymer. It is concluded that cellulose-based polymers are efficient and effective in cement slurry that work as multifunctional additive and improve API properties and cement durability. The cellulose-based polymers work as multifunctional additive that reduces the quantity of other additives in cement slurry and ultimately reduces the operational cost of cementing operation. The comparative analysis of this study opens the window for petroleum industry for proper selection of cellulose-based polymer in designing of cement slurry.
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Kim, Yong Hee. "Continuous Release of Protein from Biodegradable In Situ Forming Depot." Key Engineering Materials 342-343 (July 2007): 461–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.342-343.461.

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Biodegradable in situ forming drug delivery systems that solidify or gel in the body from injectable fluids represent effective parenteral depot systems for controlled delivery of proteins. Various pharmaceutical additives were tested on their effectiveness as protein release modifiers and stabilizers. Mono-, di-, poly-saccharides, PEG2K and salting-out salts except cyclodextrins significantly decreased Tg of thermogelling polymers and their decreasing abilities were proportional to the polymer concentration and additive/polymer weight ratio up to solubility limits in aqueous media. For methyl cellulose (MC) gel, sodium carbonate, a strong salting-out salt, decreased Tg by 23 °C so that in situ gel can be formed at the body temperature. The incorporation of additives into thermogelling polymers significantly decreased the burst and retarded release kinetics. Although the pH inside gel gradually dropped down due to the polymer degradation, released model protein was confirmed to retain the original conformation.
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Matras, Zbigniew, and Bartosz Kopiczak. "Possibility of the drag reduction effect application to reduce the cost of transport energy in water systems." MATEC Web of Conferences 240 (2018): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824003007.

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The main aim of this paper is to present possible drag reduction effect application to reduce the energy costs in water transport systems. Results obtained in laboratory scale experiment present possibility to enhance the drag reduction effect in pipe flow by simultaneous addition to the transported water small amount of high molecular polymers and surfactants. The hypothetic mechanism of drag reduction by polymer-micellar aggregates is presented. Qualitative analysis of polymer-micellar additives influence on shape and character of flow resistance curves is performed. Complex polymer-micellar solution flow resistance curves are compared with appropriate single additive polymer or surfactant one.
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Valentina, Iozzino, Askanian Haroutioun, Leroux Fabrice, Verney Vincent, and Pantani Roberto. "Poly(Lactic Acid)-Based Nanobiocomposites with Modulated Degradation Rates." Materials 11, no. 10 (October 11, 2018): 1943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11101943.

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In the field of biodegradable polymers such as poly(Lactic Acid) (PLA), it is quite well known that their kinetics of hydrolysis strongly depend on the pH of the hydrolyzing medium. The idea explored during this study focused on PLA, is the addition of additives that are able to control the pH of water when it diffuses inside the polymer. For instance, acids (i.e. succinic acid, also used as food additive) are bio- and eco- friendly additives that are able to play this role. In order to control the release of these molecules and their dispersion inside the polymer, their intercalation in biocompatible nanofillers like layered double hydroxides (LDH) is here considered. The additives have been dispersed in the polymer by melt compounding, commonly used in the plastic industry. Several composites of PLA (4032D) and LDH intercalated with organic acids (succinic, fumaric, and ascorbic acid) have been obtained by an extrusion process. From all extruded materials, PLA films obtained by compression molding were then subjected to hydrolysis tests. The results showed that the mentioned molecules, dispersed in the polymer, are able to control the rate of hydrolysis, and experimental results show an increase of degradation time for samples containing LDH-organic acid (in particular with LDH-succinic acid), making such hybrid additives an appropriate and efficient solution for PLA.
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Palanisamy, Gowthami, Sadhasivam Thangarasu, and Tae Hwan Oh. "Effect of Sulfonated Inorganic Additives Incorporated Hybrid Composite Polymer Membranes on Enhancing the Performance of Microbial Fuel Cells." Polymers 15, no. 5 (March 3, 2023): 1294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15051294.

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Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) provide considerable benefits in the energy and environmental sectors for producing bioenergy during bioremediation. Recently, new hybrid composite membranes with inorganic additives have been considered for MFC application to replace the high cost of commercial membranes and improve the performances of cost-effective polymers, such as MFC membranes. The homogeneous impregnation of inorganic additives in the polymer matrix effectively enhances the physicochemical, thermal, and mechanical stabilities and prevents the crossover of substrate and oxygen through polymer membranes. However, the typical incorporation of inorganic additives in the membrane decreases the proton conductivity and ion exchange capacity. In this critical review, we systematically explained the impact of sulfonated inorganic additives (such as (sulfonated) sSiO2, sTiO2, sFe3O4, and s-graphene oxide) on different kinds of hybrid polymers (such as PFSA, PVDF, SPEEK, SPAEK, SSEBS, and PBI) membrane for MFC applications. The membrane mechanism and interaction between the polymers and sulfonated inorganic additives are explained. The impact of sulfonated inorganic additives on polymer membranes is highlighted based on the physicochemical, mechanical, and MFC performances. The core understandings in this review can provide vital direction for future development.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Polymer additives"

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Wang, Jiann-Hua. "Ultraviolet Raman spectroscopic and fluorescence lifetime studies of polymers and polymer additives." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621931.

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Ren, Xianjie ren. "Improving sustainability of rubber composites with renewable additives and epoxidized guayule natural rubber." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1574440536318129.

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Terranova, Steven Alfred. "Cross-Linking Additives as Smoke Suppressants for Poly(Vinyl Chloride)." W&M ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625814.

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Grabowski, Daniel W. "Drag reduction in pipe flows with polymer additives /." Online version of thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/10599.

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DeButts, Barbara Lynn. "Plant proteins as multifunctional additives in polymer composites." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/89011.

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Wheat gluten, wheat gliadin, and corn zein agricultural proteins were evaluated as multifunctional additives that: (1) provided reinforcement, (2) improved thermal stability, and (3) lowered the cost of polymer composites. Wheat proteins were utilized in two polymer matrices: poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and synthetic cis-1,4-polyisoprene rubber (IR). The proteins were hydrolyzed and dispersed in the polymer matrix, where they cooperatively self-assembled into nanostructures called amyloids. Amyloids have the potential for high rigidity and stability due to high β-sheet content. In Chapter II, trypsin hydrolyzed wheat gluten (THWG) proteins were incubated in aqueous PVA solutions, then the composite solutions were air dried and compression molded into films. Anisotropic protein aggregates formed through a typical mechanism of β-sheet self-assembly, where a greater molding time and pressure and/or a lower PVA molecular weight allowed for more protein aggregation. The larger protein structures provided less reinforcement. In Chapters III and IV, THWG and trypsin hydrolyzed gliadin (THGd), a component protein in wheat gluten, were compounded in synthetic polyisoprene rubber to form nanocomposites. The reinforcement correlated to the protein β-sheet content and varied with protein concentration, protein batch preparation, processing temperature, and compounding time. The isotropic β-sheet containing structures were very thermally stable, even under harsh rubber compounding conditions. By optimizing the processing parameters uniform protein dispersion and optimal IR reinforcement were achieved, although the protein and IR phases had poor compatibility. In Chapter V, the THGd-IR composites were cured using a typical cure package and molding process. Protein aggregation into nanostructured β-sheets was observed during the curing process. Rubber reinforcement increased as a function of protein concentration and curing time. In Chapter VI, a hydrophobic protein (zein) was substituted for the hydrophilic protein (gliadin) used previously to improve protein-IR compatibility. The zein protein was better at reinforcing IR, while gliadin improved mechanical stability. Both zein and gliadin improved the thermal stability of IR. The results from Chapters II-VI showed an interesting concept: in situ filler formation in polymer matrices where the choice of protein, polymer, and processing conditions influenced the final morphology and composite properties.
Doctor of Philosophy
We use plastics every day for a wide range of applications, from food packaging to automobile tires. Many of these plastics are composite materials, called “polymer composites,” meaning they are made of two or more chemically distinct materials where one material is a polymer. For reference, a polymer is a long chain molecule made of many (“poly-”) units (“- mer”). Polymer composites often contain additives which modify the properties of the polymer. For example, many soft polymers, such as tire rubber, need to be made stiffer and so a “reinforcing additive” is used to improve the stiffness of the rubber. Many composite materials are made stiffer so less material can be used. This process is called “lightweighting.” The automotive industry and food packaging industry use this process to reduce weight and fuel costs. In this research, plant proteins are tested as reinforcing additives in polymer composites. Plant proteins, such as wheat gluten, are abundant, non-toxic, sustainable, and can self-assemble into extremely small, stiff structures. For these reasons, plant proteins offer an environmentally friendly alternative to typical reinforcing additives. This dissertation shows that plant proteins can reinforce two polymers with very different properties. The first polymer is poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), which is biodegradable, hydrophilic (i.e., “water loving”), and is commonly used in flexible food packaging. The second polymer is synthetic cis-1,4-polyisoprene rubber (IR), which is non-biodegradable, hydrophobic (i.e., “water fearing”), and is commonly used in automotive tires. In Chapters II-V, the wheat gluten protein is hydrolyzed, i.e., chemically “chopped” into short chain peptides, to encourage the self-assembly of the plant protein into small, stiff structures. The self-assembled protein structures survive typical industrial processing techniques, such harsh rubber compounding conditions which involve high heat, pressure, and shear forces (i.e., the material is pushed in opposing directions). In Chapter VI, full corn and wheat proteins are incorporated into IR using standard industrial mixing and curing processes. The corn and wheat proteins reinforce the synthetic rubber and inhibit the degradation of the chemical structure of cured rubber under high heat. At certain protein concentrations, the proteins improve the elasticity and lessen the permanent deformation in the polymer composite. Together, Chapters II-VI show that proteins from diverse plant sources can be used to improve the performance of polymers with dissimilar properties.
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Liu, Chang. "Effect of Polymer Molecular Weight, Binary Processing Additives, Two-Dimentional Polymer on Efficiency of Polymer Solar Cells." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1396895752.

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Isaacs, Mark. "Nanoengineered polymer architectures for antimicrobial medical applications : novel additives." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2014. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/69607/.

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Silver is a clinically important, broad spectrum antibacterial, whose use extends back over several millennia. Its potent antibacterial activity, range of susceptible microorganisms, and lack of developed resistances, elevate silver as an exciting weapon in the fight against hospital acquired infections and so-called ‘superbugs’. The active, ionic form is efficacious at very low concentrations, thus controlling release rates offers potential durable, non-specific, antibacterial medical devices. This thesis examines a number of inorganic systems as potential slow-release, antibacterial silver nanocomposites for incorporation into polyurethane foam wound dressings. A range of silver core-silica shell nanocomposites were synthesised with tuneable dimensions, with porosity introduced into the silica shells, via base-etching or surfactant-templating producing disordered or ordered architectures respectively. An alternative system based on mesoporous SBA-15 silica was also investigated, which was employed as a scaffold for subsequent multilayer titania functionalisation, onto which mixed silver/silver carbonate nanoparticles were subsequently deposited. Detailed characterisation allowed fundamental structural-function relationships for silver dissolution kinetics and their associated impact upon antibacterial activity towards Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Silver ion release rates are inversely proportional to silver crystallite size, with further governance via shell thickness and mesoporosity achievable in core shell systems. The intrinsic antibacterial activity of titania coated SBA-15 further enhances performance, independent of silver, whilst support macropore introduction increases silver particle dispersion. Antibacterial prowess of all materials demonstrates a strong activity correlation with dissolution kinetics, evidencing up to seven-fold logarithmic reductions in the bacterial concentrations within four hours. Materials were potent for > 24 hours, with the reverse micelle core-shell formulation showing continuous activity over a 14 day period. Comparative benchmarking indicates mesoporous silver core-silica shell architectures as promising candidates due to antibacterial longevity, manufacturing simplicity and cost, with their hydrophilic nature and small dimensions rendering them amenable to incorporation into compatible polyurethane foams.
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Saggar, Sandeep Amar. "Additives for Increased Atomic Oxygen Resistance in Cyanate Ester Resins." W&M ScholarWorks, 1999. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626216.

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Okopi, I. A. "Solubility and migration of stabilizing additives in polyolefins." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382571.

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This thesis describes a series of studies of the physical behaviour of commercially important stabilizing additives in polyolefins. A series of nickelthiocarbamates have been synthesised and their solubilities measured as a function of temperature in linear hydrocarbon solvents, low density polyethylene and isotactic polypropylene. The results are compared with predictions from a regular solution model. The loss of three benzophenone UV-stabilizers from supersaturated solution has been investigated with the aim of determining whether the loss is a diffusion controlled blooming or involves phase separation. Our data shows this phenomenon is a diffusion controlled blooming process. The volatilities of these same UV-stabilizers have been measured as a function of temperature. The solubility of a typical hindered amine (Tinuvin 770) has been investigated in hydrocarbon solvents and in polypropylene by infrared methods. Low solubility values were obtained in all cases. The diffusion of Tinuvin 770 in polypropylene has been monitored by an infrared method developed for the purpose and the diffusion coefficient estimated over a range of temperatures. Litp.rature data on solubility of additives together with our own data are critically reviewed and the effect of structure on solubility is analysed. Data on the benzophenone additives allows prediction of loss times and mechanisms to be made for the first time.
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Hodgson, Marcelle. "Emulsion polymerization of styrene in the presence of reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer agents." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51739.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This work involves the study of the effects of Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) agents on the emulsion polymerization of styrene. The feasibility of RAFT as a method for obtaining controlled radical polymerizations in emulsion systems is also investigated. Both seeded and ab initio systems were studied with three RAFT agents of varying structure. Inhibition and retardation effects on addition of various amounts of the RAFT agents to the emulsion systems were observed and the trends noticed. The effect of the RAFT agents on the average number of radicals per latex particle was calculated from reaction rates. The effect of the RAFT agent on the molecular weight and the molecular weight distribution was monitored by gel permeation chromatography. Exit of free radicals from the latex particles proves to be a major feature in the studied RAFT emulsion systems. Fragmentation of the RAFT agent in the latex particles, gives rise to free radical species that can exit from the particle and enter other particles where they can either terminate instantaneously or propagate. The exit and termination processes presumably result in both the inhibition and retardation of the emulsion polymerizations. A linear increase in Mn with conversion is observed, however the low concentration of RAFT agent in the latex particles is responsible for the obtained number average molecular weights being much higher than predicted. The low concentrations of RAFT agents in the latex particles is also responsible for the broad molecular weight distributions that are obtained. Reaction conditions for RAFT experiments should to be chosen so that the effects of exit processes are minimized and that the RAFT agent is primarily situated in the latex particles. These conditions must be met if the RAFT process is to be successful as a method of controlled radical polymerization in emulsions.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsing behels die studie van die effek van In bygevoegde addisie-fragmentasie kettingsoordragsreagent (RAFT1) op die emulsie polimerisasie van stireen. Die uitvoerbaarheid van RAFT as 'n metode om gekontroleerde radikale polimerisasies in emulsiesisteme te verkry is ook ondersoek. Eksperimente met drie RAFTkettingoordragsreagente van gevarieerde strukture is uitgevoer in beide seeded en ab initia sisteme. Die effek van die RAFT-reagent op die inhibisie en vertraging van die emulsie polimerisasie is waargeneem en die invloed van RAFT op die gemiddelde aantal radikale per partikel is bepaal. Die ontwikkeling van die molekulêre massa en die molekulêre massadistribusie is waargeneem deur middel van gel permeasie- kromatografiese tegnieke. Die ontsnapping van vrye radikale vanuit die partikels was 'n belangrike faktor in RAFT emulsiesisteme wat ondersoek is. Hierdie radikale is gegenereer deur die fragmentasie van die oorspronklike RAFT-reagent. Fragmentasie van die RAFT-reagent in die lateks partikels lei tot die vorming van vrye radikale spesies wat uit een partikel kan ontsnap en ander partikels kan binnedring waar dit onmiddellik kan termineer of propageer. Die ontsnappings- en terminasieprosesse van vrye radikale lei oënskynlik tot die inhibering en vertraging van die emulsie polimerisasie. 'n Lineêre verhoging in die gemiddelde molekulêre massa tydens konversie is waargeneem, alhoewel die Mn-waardes baie hoër was as wat verwag is. Die verskil kan toegeskryf word aan die klein hoeveelhede van die RAFT-reagent wat in die partikels teenwoordig is. Hierdie lae RAFT-konsentrasies is ook verantwoordelik vir die breë molekulêre massa distribusie wat waargeneem is. Vir die RAFT-proses om suksesvol te wees in gekontroleerde radikale polimerisasies in emulsies, moet reaksie kondisies so gekies word dat die ontsnapping van vrye radikale tot 'n minimum beperk word en die RAFT-reagent hoofsaaklik in die lateks partikels teenwoordig is.
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Books on the topic "Polymer additives"

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Brandolini, Anita J. NMR spectra of polymers and polymer additives. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2000.

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J, Lohse David, ed. Polymeric compatibilizers: Uses and benefits in polymer blends. Munich: Hanser, 1996.

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K, Bregg Robert, ed. Frontal polymer research. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2005.

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S, Al-Malaika, Golovoy A, and Wilkie C. A, eds. Specialty polymer additives: Principles and applications. Oxford: Blackwell Science, 2001.

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1931-, Arends Charles B., ed. Polymer toughening. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1996.

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Company, Technomic Publishing, ed. New developments in polymer additives. Lancaster, PA: Technomic, 1987.

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Ezio, Martuscelli, Musto P, and Ragosta G, eds. Advanced routes for polymer toughening. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1996.

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1923-, Lutz John T., ed. Thermoplastic polymer additives: Theory and practice. New York: M. Dekker, 1989.

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Dick, John S. Compounding materials for the polymer industries: A concise guide to polymers, rubbers, adhesives, and coatings. Park Ridge, N.J., U.S.A: Noyes Publications, 1987.

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Technology Information Forecasting and Assessment Council (India), ed. Techno-market survey report on polymer additives. New Delhi: Technology Information, Forecasting, and Assessment Council, Dept. of Science & Technology, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Polymer additives"

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Pfaendner, Rudolf. "Polymer Additives." In Handbook of Polymer Synthesis, Characterization, and Processing, 225–47. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118480793.ch11.

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Osswald, Tim A., Erwin Baur, Sigrid Brinkmann, Karl Oberbach, and Ernst Schmachtenberg. "POLYMER ADDITIVES." In International Plastics Handbook, 701–15. München: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9783446407923.007.

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Marturano, Valentina, Pierfrancesco Cerruti, and Veronica Ambrogi. "5. Polymer additives." In Polymer Engineering, edited by Bartosz Tylkowski, Karolina Wieszczycka, and Renata Jastrzab, 139–70. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110469745-005.

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Rabek, Jan F. "Polymer-Bound Additives." In Photostabilization of Polymers, 357–95. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0747-8_7.

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Sobottka, Richard, and Ed Feltham. "Anti-blocking of polymer films." In Plastics Additives, 49–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5862-6_7.

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Zilles, Joerg Ulrich. "Antiblock Additives." In Fillers for Polymer Applications, 425–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28117-9_15.

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Avramova, Nadka. "Polymer additives: the miscibility of blends." In Plastics Additives, 513–18. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5862-6_56.

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Etzrodt, Günter. "Additives for Polymer Processing." In Industrial Coloration of Plastics, 317–37. München: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9781569908532.011.

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Zilles, Joerg Ulrich. "Thermally Conductive Additives." In Fillers for Polymer Applications, 355–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28117-9_37.

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Bandara, Asoka J. "Conducting fillers for plastics: (2) Conducting polymer additives." In Plastics Additives, 180–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5862-6_21.

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Conference papers on the topic "Polymer additives"

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Bacha, Tristan W., Francis M. Haas, and Joseph F. Stanzione III. "Multi-Purpose Additives Towards a Better Polymer Cold Spray Process." In ITSC 2023. ASM International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2023p0273.

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Abstract Polymers have proven to be challenging to cold spray, particularly with high efficiency and quality when using inexpensive nitrogen (N2) and air propellants. Helium (He) when used as a process propellant can improve spray deposit properties but is often undesirable due to its limited availability and high cost. In this study, additives of multiple particle sizes and materials were mixed with polymer powder in an effort to improve the performance of polymer sprays using mainly N2 as a process propellant. The effects of additives on deposit microstructure were investigated by precise ion-beam polishing of deposit cross sections and subsequent electron microscope imaging. Additional metrics including the density and post - spray composition of deposits were investigated to quantify the peening effect and the amount of embedded additive. Additives, regardless of size, were observed to embed in the spray deposits. Additionally, hard-phase additives demonstrated nozzle-cleaning properties that continually remove polymer fouling on the nozzle walls. Inversely, sprays with polymer powder and no additives tended to clog the nozzle throat and diverging section as a result of continual fouling.
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Wang, Yue, Wei-Hua Cai, Tong-Zhou Wei, Lu Wang, and Feng-Chen Li. "Experimental Study on Two-Oscillating Grid Turbulence With Polymer Additives." In ASME/JSME/KSME 2015 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2015-7904.

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In order to investigate the polymer effect on grid turbulence, the experiments study on grid turbulence has been built based on Particle Image Velocimetry. The Newtonian fluid flow and 200ppm polymer solution flow in grid turbulence were carried out at different grid oscillating frequency, such as 5Hz, 7.5Hz, 10Hz and 12.5Hz. The experimental results show that the viscous dissipation rate and vortex vector ωz is smaller and more regular in space distribution in polymer solution case at grid oscillating frequency with 5Hz. It indicates that the existence of polymer additives inhibits enormously the viscous dissipation rate and vortex vector, but this phenomenon can be attenuated with the increase of grid oscillating frequency. From this result, it shows that there exists a critical Reynolds number for the inhibition of polymer effect, which is the same as that in turbulent channel flows with polymers. Then, proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) has been used to extract coherent structures in grid turbulence. It is found that it needs 24 and 4 POD eigenfunctions to examine coherent structure in the Newtonian fluid and the polymer solution cases respectively at grid oscillating frequency with 10Hz. It suggests that the coherent structures can be inhibited due to the existence of polymers so as to the flow field to be more regular. But, with the increase of grid oscillating frequency, the number of POD eigenfunctions for the Newtonian fluid case and the polymer solution case respectively are approaching the same. Through this analysis, it can be also seen that the inhibition effect of polymers is close relation with the grid oscillating frequency.
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Patel, Hasmukh, Kenneth Johnson, and Roland Martinez. "Triazine Polymers for Improving Elastic Properties in Oil Well Cements." In SPE International Conference on Oilfield Chemistry. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204333-ms.

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Abstract The oil well cement placed in the annulus between casings and the formations experience high stresses under downhole conditions. These frequent stresses deteriorate the mechanical properties of cement and lead to the formation of micro-cracks and fractures, which affect production and increases the cost of operation. Although several polymeric materials have been employed to improve tensile properties of the cement, these additives have also adversely affected the compressive strength of the cement. A highly stable polymeric additive, triazine-based polymers, is designed, synthesized, and compounded with the cement to improve the tensile properties of the well-cement. Triazine polymer was characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The triazine polymer was mixed with cement and the cement slurries were cured at 180 °F under 3000 psi for 3 days. The set-cement samples were subjected to mechanical testing under high temperature and high pressure to study the elastic properties of the cement. The introduction of this polymer into the cement has improved the elastic properties of the cement with minimum reduction in compressive strength. The thickening time, dynamic compressive strength development, rheology, fluid loss properties, and brazilian tensile strength of the control and cement with triazine polymers were studied to understand the effect of this newly developed polymeric additive. The molecular interaction of the triazine polymer with cement particles has shown formation of covalent linkage between the polymer and cement particle. We have observed a 15 % decrease in Young's modulus for cement compounded with 2%wt. of triazine polymer, indicating the introduction of elastic properties in wellbore cement.
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Wang, Lu, Yue Wang, Wei-Hua Cai, and Feng-Chen Li. "Effects of Polymer Additives on Intermittency in Forced Homogeneous Isotropic Turbulence." In ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2014-21328.

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The drag-reducing phenomenon in forced homogeneous isotropic turbulence (FHIT) with polymer additives was realized in large eddy simulation (LES) results, which causes the variation of turbulent characteristics. Study on intermittency of turbulence is of great importance in investigating turbulent drag-reduction mechanism, because the intermittency has close relationship with coherent structures (CSs) and the transfer of energy in turbulent flows. In the present work, the influences of polymers on intermittency in FHIT were analyzed in detail by extracting CSs, researching the flatness factor based on high-order correlation function of velocity derivative and wavelet transform, surveying local intermittence measure, and discussing four rotational invariants consisting of velocity-strain tensor and vorticity tensor. From the viewpoint of the results, it can be perceived that the intermittency occurs in both the Newtonian fluid and polymer solution flows; moreover polymer additives behave inhibitive effect on the intermittency in turbulent drag-reducing flows.
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Levy, Richard, Michael A. Nichols, and William R. Opp. "Novel Superabsorbent Polymer-Based Lubricant Technology." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63030.

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Superabsorbent polymers and one or more solid and/or liquid lubricants, with and without lubricant additives, were formulated into a variety of solid and variable-viscosity lubricant compositions. A series of laboratory trials showed that superabsorbent polymer-based solid (e.g., agglomerated) lubricant compositions and variable-viscosity greases were more effective in reducing friction between moving surfaces than non-superabsorbent polymer-based lubricants.
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Ananyev, V. V., I. V. Nagornova, E. B. Bablyuk, I. Yu Vasilyev, and L. G. Varepo. "Polymer composites including natural additives degradation rate indication." In OIL AND GAS ENGINEERING (OGE-2017). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4998911.

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Steele, Adam, Ilker Bayer, Kenneth Allen, and Eric Loth. "Effect of Carbon Nanotube Additives on Drag Reduction in Pipe Flows." In ASME 2009 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2009-78122.

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The drag reduction effects of dispersing carbon nanotube (CNT) additives into water-glycerin pipe flow were investigated experimentally. While nanofluid (i.e. fluids with nano-scale additives) drag reduction from the addition of long and flexible polymers into turbulent flows has been long identified, the mechanism that causes this effect is not yet fully understood. Other additives such as rigid polymers, surfactants, and bubbles have also been shown to be effective drag reducing agents. In the current work, high molecular weight polymers such as polyethylene oxide (PEO) as well as CNT additives produced significant drag reduction in both the transitional and turbulent regimes. CNTs were shown, for the first time, to enhance the drag reducing characteristics of polymer additives. CNTs were chosen in place of traditional nano-scale fibers in order to take advantage of their high strength properties in an attempt to reduce degradation and scission effects. The results were quantified by measuring the pressure drop across a downstream test section after the flow was fully developed. Reynolds numbers between about 500 and 5000 were studied in order to provide sufficient detail from laminar to transitional and turbulent flow regimes. The additive dispersion quality was also investigated over multiple dispersion techniques.
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Contreras, Elizabeth Q., and Ashok Santra. "Wellbore Integrity and CO2 Sequestration Using Polyaramide Vesicles." In SPE International Conference on Oilfield Chemistry. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204385-ms.

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Abstract A new cementing additive is chemically engineered to react with formation fluids that act antagonistically towards cement. Engineered polymer capsules house encapsulants to react with antagonistic gases downhole like CO2 to form a more benign and beneficial material. Embedded in cement, the polymer capsules with semi-permeable shells allow fluids to permeate and react with encapsulants to produce beneficial byproducts, such as calcite and water from CO2. Reactivity between the encapsulant and antagonist gas CO2 is demonstrated using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and other tests from oilfield equipment. When cement fails, casing-in-casing events, or CCA, causes antagonistic gases like CO2 to migrate to the surface. Embedded in the cement for such moments such as cement failure, additives housed within polyaramide vesicles chemically and physically intersect CO2 from gas migration events. The shape of the polyaramide additive is unique and versatile. Furthermore, because the material is polymeric, it imparts beneficial mechanical properties like elasticity to cement. A vesicle in form, this polymer allows the manufacturing of new cement additives for applications such as increasing the integrity and sustainability of oil well cement. Data also shows production of calcite by the bulk of the material. This technology applies to CO2 fixation and self-healing cement using reactive polymer vesicles.
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Zhang, Xin, Xili Duan, Yuri Muzychka, and Zongming Wang. "Predicting Drag Reduction in Turbulent Pipe Flow With Relaxation Time of Polymer Additives." In 2018 12th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2018-78701.

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This paper presents an experimental study on drag reduction induced by PEO (Polyethylene oxide) in a fully turbulent pipe flow. The objective of this work is to develop a correlation to predict drag reduction using the relaxation time of the polymer additives under dilute solution conditions, i.e., the polymer concentration is less than the overlap concertation. This paper discusses the meaning of relaxation time of polymers, and why the Weissenberg number, a dimensionless number that is related to the relaxation time and shear rate, is independent on the concentration in the dilute solution. Experimental data of drag reduction in a pipe flow are obtained from measurements using a flow loop. A correlation to predict drag reduction with the Weissenberg number and polymer concentration is established and a good agreement is shown between the predicted values and experimental data. The new correlation using the Weissenberg number and polymer concentration is shown to cost less to develop than one using the Reynolds number, in which larger pipes or higher flow rates are required.
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Al-Jumaili, Mohammed. "Study Enhancing the Rutting of Flexible Pavement by Adding Selected Polymers into Asphalt Mixes." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARCHITECTURAL AND CIVIL ENGINEERING 2020. Cihan University-Erbil, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/aces2020/paper.150.

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Rutting in flexible pavement is one of the main permanent deformation which appears in most Iraqi roads owing to high temperature and the increase in axial excessive heavy trucks load, these combined conditions cause a major impact on the road performance. The polymers used as additives to improve the properties of asphalt and, that leads to achieve high quality asphalt mixture. This humble research focused on finding the suitable treatment for such issue by using SBS and HDPE. Whereas 5 percent for each polymer was used (2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%) by weight of total mix. A different percentage of polymers were used in order to achieve the best additive percent which was proved to be (8% HDPE, 6% SBS) for wearing (III A) layer and (6% HDPE, 2% SBS) for binder layer. As well as the results showed that using the optimum percent of additives for each layer of asphaltic mixture and test it as one specimen formed from two layers, has decreased the rutting percent by (72%, 65%) for (HDPE, SBS) respectively for each type of additives at (40ºC).
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Reports on the topic "Polymer additives"

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Diamond, P., J. Harvey, J. Katz, D. Nelson, and P. Steinhardt. Drag Reduction by Polymer Additives. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada258867.

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Chu, Ben. Light Scattering Characterization of Polymer Additives and Correlation of Molecular Properties of Polymer Fluids. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada238547.

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Choi, U., Y. Cho, and K. Kasza. Screening and degradation tests of linear-polymer additives for district heating applications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5487563.

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Pavlicek, Anna, ed. Polymer Nanocomposites - Additives, properties, applications, environmental aspects (NanoTrust-Dossier No. 052en – February 2020. Vienna: self, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/ita-nt-052en.

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Huckaby, James L. Evidence That Certain Waste Tank Headspace Vapor Samples Were Contaminated by Semivolatile Polymer Additives. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/876855.

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Peterson, Dominic S. An Overview of Polymer Additive Manufacturing Technologies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1119594.

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Shear, Trevor Allan. Polymer and Additive Mass Spectrometry Literature Review. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1363730.

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Bajric, Sendin. Characterizing Polymer Powders used in Additive Manufacturing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1409744.

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Lenz, Mark. RV POSEIDON Fahrtbericht / Cruise Report POS536/Leg 1. GEOMAR, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/geomar_rep_ns_56_2020.

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DIPLANOAGAP: Distribution of Plastics in the North Atlantic Garbage Patch Ponta Delgada (Portugal) – Malaga (Spain) 17.08. – 12.09.2019 The expedition POS 536 is part of a multi-disciplinary research initiative of GEOMAR investigating the origin, transport and fate of plastic debris from estuaries to the oceanic garbage patches. The main focus will be on the vertical transfer of plastic debris from the surface and near-surface waters to the deep sea and on the processes that mediate this transport. The obtained data will help to develop quantitative models that provide information about the level of plastic pollution in the different compartments of the open ocean (surface, water column, seafloor). Furthermore, the effects of plastic debris on marine organisms in the open ocean will be assessed. The cruise will provide data about the: (1) abundance of plastic debris with a minimum size of 100 μm as well as the composition of polymer types in the water column at different depths from the sea surface to the seafloor including the sediment, (2) abundance and composition of plastic debris in organic aggregates (“marine snow”), (3) in pelagic and benthic organisms (invertebrates and fish) and in fecal pellets, (4) abundance and the identity of biofoulers (bacteria, protozoans and metazoans) on the surface of plastic debris from different water depths, (5) identification of chemical compounds (“additives”) in the plastic debris and in water samples.
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Pellegrino, Joan, Tommi Makila, Shawna McQueen, and Emmanuel Taylor. Measurement science roadmap for polymer-based additive manufacturing. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, December 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ams.100-5.

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