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Journal articles on the topic 'Polymer chemistry|Chemical engineering|Energy'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Rostami, Alireza, Mahdi Kalantari-Meybodi, Masoud Karimi, Afshin Tatar, and Amir H. Mohammadi. "Efficient estimation of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) solution viscosity for enhanced oil recovery process by polymer flooding." Oil & Gas Sciences and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles 73 (2018): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2018006.

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Polymers applications have been progressively increased in sciences and engineering including chemistry, pharmacology science, and chemical and petroleum engineering due to their attractive properties. Amongst the all types of polymers, partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide (HPAM) is one of the widely used polymers especially in chemistry, and chemical and petroleum engineering. Capability of solution viscosity increment of HPAM is the key parameter in its successful applications; thus, the viscosity of HPAM solution must be determined in any study. Experimental measurement of HPAM solution viscosity is time-consuming and can be expensive for elevated conditions of temperatures and pressures, which is not desirable for engineering computations. In this communication, Multilayer Perceptron neural network (MLP), Least Squares Support Vector Machine approach optimized with Coupled Simulated Annealing (CSA-LSSVM), Radial Basis Function neural network optimized with Genetic Algorithm (GA-RBF), Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System coupled with Conjugate Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization (CHPSO-ANFIS) approach, and Committee Machine Intelligent System (CMIS) were used to model the viscosity of HPAM solutions. Then, the accuracy and reliability of the developed models in this study were investigated through graphical and statistical analyses, trend prediction capability, outlier detection, and sensitivity analysis. As a result, it has been found that the MLP and CMIS models give the most reliable results with determination coefficients (R2) more than 0.98 and Average Absolute Relative Deviations (AARD) less than 4.0%. Finally, the suggested models in this study can be applied for efficient estimation of aqueous solutions of HPAM polymer in simulation of polymer flooding into oil reservoirs.

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Flaaten, Adam K., Quoc P. Nguyen, Jieyuan Zhang, Hourshad Mohammadi, and Gary A. Pope. "Alkaline/Surfactant/Polymer Chemical Flooding Without the Need for Soft Water." SPE Journal 15, no. 01 (October 14, 2009): 184–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/116754-pa.

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Summary Alkaline/surfactant/polymer (ASP) flooding using conventional alkali requires soft water. However, soft water is not always available, and softening hard brines may be very costly or infeasible in many cases depending on the location, the brine composition, and other factors. For instance, conventional ASP uses sodium carbonate to reduce the adsorption of the surfactant and generate soap in-situ by reacting with acidic crude oils; however, calcium carbonate precipitates unless the brine is soft. A form of borax known as metaborate has been found to sequester divalent cations such as Ca++ and prevent precipitation. This approach has been combined with the screening and selection of surfactant formulations that will perform well with brines having high salinity and hardness. We demonstrate this approach by combining high-performance, low-cost surfactants with cosurfactants that tolerate high salinity and hardness and with metaborate that can tolerate hardness as well. Chemical formulations containing surfactants and alkali in hard brine were screened for performance and tolerance using microemulsion phase-behavior experiments and crude at reservoir temperature. A formulation was found that, with an optimum salinity of 120,000 ppm total dissolved solids (TDS), 6,600 ppm divalent cations, performed well in corefloods with high oil recovery and almost zero final chemical flood residual oil saturation. Additionally, chemical formulations containing sodium metaborate and hard brine gave nearly 100% oil recovery with no indication of precipitate formation. Metaborate chemistry was incorporated into a mechanistic, compositional chemical flooding simulator, and the simulator was then used to model the corefloods. Overall, novel ASP with metaborate performed comparably to conventional ASP using sodium carbonate in soft water, demonstrating advancements in ASP adaptation to hard, saline reservoirs without the need for soft brine, which increases the number of oil reservoirs that are candidates for enhanced oil recovery using ASP flooding.

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Al-Muntasheri, Ghaithan A., Hisham A. Nasr-El-Din, and Pacelli L. J. Zitha. "Gelation Kinetics and Performance Evaluation of an Organically Crosslinked Gel at High Temperature and Pressure." SPE Journal 13, no. 03 (September 1, 2008): 337–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/104071-pa.

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Summary Organically crosslinked gels have been used to control water production in high temperature applications. These chemical systems are based on the crosslinking of a polyacrylamide-based polymer/copolymer with an organic crosslinker. Polyethyleneimine (PEI) has been used as an organic crosslinker for polyacrylamide-based copolymers to provide thermally stable gels. Literature reported that PEI can form aqueous gels with polyacrylamide (PAM) at room temperature. In this paper, we show for the first time the possibility of crosslinking polyacrylamide with PEI at temperatures up to 140°C (285°F) and pressures up to 30 bars (435 psi). This paper reports data both in bulk and in porous media. The gelation time of the PAM crosslinked with PEI at high temperatures up to 140°C (285°F) and pressures up to 435 psi (30 bars) was measured. The effects of polymer concentration, crosslinker concentration, temperature, salinity, initial pH value, and the initial degree of hydrolysis of the polymer on the gelation time were examined in detail. All measurements were conducted in the steady shear mode. 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (13C NMR) was used to relate the gelation time to changes in the structure of the polymer and hence explain the variation in the gelation time in terms of the gelling system chemistry. In bulk, thermally stable gels were obtained by crosslinking PAM with PEI at 130°C (266°F) for at least 8 weeks. The performance of the PAM/PEI system in sandstone cores at a temperature of 90°C (194°F) and pressure drops of 68.95 bars (1,000 psi) was examined. The system was found to be stable for 3 weeks, where the permeability was reduced by a factor of 100%. Introduction Water production is a serious problem in petroleum-producing operations. Additional costs are imposed by processing, treating, and disposing unwanted water. Of the available remediation techniques, chemical methods using polymer gels have been widely applied. The success rate of these chemical treatments depends, among other factors, on the understanding of gelation kinetics, gelant's compatibility with reservoir fluids, and thermal stability of the final gel. Polymer gels have been used to reduce water production through the disproportionate permeability reduction (DPR) (Zaitoun and Kohler 1988; Liang et al. 1995). In DPR, the relative permeability to water is reduced to a greater extent than that to oil (or gas). Polymer gels were also used to totally block the pore space of the water producing zones in both matrix (Vasquez et al. 2003) and fractures (Alqam et al. 2001). Polymer gels are generally classified into two categories based on the nature of polymer/crosslinker bonding chemistry. The first type is inorganic gel systems based on the crosslinking of the carboxylate groups on the partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide chain (PHPA) with a trivalent cation like Cr(III) (Sydansk 1990; Lockhart 1994). This crosslinking is believed to rely on coordination covalent bonding. It should be mentioned that Cr(III)-carboxylate/acrylamide-polymer gels (CC/AP) were reported to be stable at temperatures up to 148.9°C (300°F) in Berea cores under pressure drops of 68.95 bars (1,000 psi) (Sydansk and Southwell 2000). The second class of polymer gels is based on covalent bonds between the crosslinker and the acrylamide-based polymer (Morgan et al. 1998; Moradi-Araghi 2000). High temperature applications require the use of thermally stable covalently bonded systems. However, these covalent bonds do not guarantee long-term stability. Literature reports (Moradi-Araghi 2000) highlight the importance of using a thermally stable polymer to produce thermally stable gels. Polyacrylamide-based polymers are known to hydrolyze at high temperatures causing gel syneresis (expulsion of water out of the gel structure due to over crosslinking) (Moradi-Araghi 2000), especially in brines with high contents of Mg+2 and Ca+2, where polymer precipitation may also occur (Moradi-Araghi and Doe 1984). Therefore, more thermally stable monomers are copolymerized with the acrylamide polymer to minimize excessive hydrolysis (Moradi-Araghi et al. 1987; Doe et al. 1987) and enhance thermal stability of the produced gel.

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Bazzi, Hassan S. "Preface." Pure and Applied Chemistry 85, no. 3 (January 1, 2013): iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac20138503iv.

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The 14th International Conference on Polymers and Organic Chemistry (POC 2012) was held 6-9 January 2012 in Doha, capital of the State of Qatar. This conference followed the 13th edition of this series, which was held in Montreal, Canada in 2009, and is a biannual meeting that travels from one continent to another since its inception in 1982 in Lyon, France to discuss recent results in the fields of polymer and organic chemistry in order to promote their importance in our everyday lives. This was the first IUPAC-sponsored meeting ever in the State of Qatar and the first time this meeting (POC) took place in the Arab world since it was established. POC 2012 was a very successful event, attended by approximately 300 chemists from over 15 countries.The conference featured Dr. Robert H. Grubbs, Victor and Elizabeth Atkins Professor of Chemistry at the California Institute of Technology and 2005 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry, as keynote speaker. His lecture was titled “The synthesis of large and small molecules using olefin metathesis catalysts”.The conference consisted of eight oral sessions, which focused on:- Polyolefins (Chair: Dr. Abbas Razavi, Total Petrochemicals Research Feluy)- Responsive and smart polymers (Chair: Dr. David E. Bergbreiter, Texas A&M University)- Polymers in energy (Chair: Dr. Hiroyuki Nishide, Waseda University)- Polymers as therapeutics (Chair: Dr. Karen L. Wooley, Texas A&M University)- Advances in polymer synthesis (Chair: Prof. Brigitte Voit, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden)- Orthogonal chemistry: organic and polymer synthesis (Chair: Dr. Craig Hawker, University of California Santa Barbara)- Macromolecular engineering with biomolecules (Chair: Dr. Hanadi F. Sleiman, McGill University)- Polymers from renewable resources (Chair: Dr. Joe Kurian, Dupont Company).In addition to the keynote lecture, the conference featured an impressive 43 invited lectures by prominent chemists from all over the globe. The oral sessions featured an additional 29 contributed talks. The poster session showcased the latest results presented by 71 faculty and students attendees.The organizers of the POC 2012 would like to thank the sponsors who generously supported this event. Qatar Petrochemical Company (QAPCO) was the premier sponsor. The organizers are also grateful to the following sponsors: Qatar Fertiliser Company (QAFCO), Qatar University, Qatar Foundation, Texas A&M University at Qatar, and Qatar Airways.I would like finally to acknowledge all the members of the POC 2012 Organizing Committee and International Advisory Committee for their immense contributions. Special thanks are extended in particular to Hala El-Dakak and G. Benjamin Cieslinski for their outstanding efforts.Hassan S. BazziConference Chair

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Al-Obaidi, Hisham, Mridul Majumder, and Fiza Bari. "Amorphous and Crystalline Particulates: Challenges and Perspectives in Drug Delivery." Current Pharmaceutical Design 23, no. 3 (February 20, 2017): 350–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612822666161107162109.

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Crystalline and amorphous dispersions have been the focus of academic and industrial research due to their potential role in formulating poorly water-soluble drugs. This review looks at the progress made starting with crystalline carriers in the form of eutectics moving towards more complex crystalline mixtures. It also covers using glassy polymers to maintain the drug as amorphous exhibiting higher energy and entropy. However, the amorphous form tends to recrystallize on storage, which limits the benefits of this approach. Specific interactions between the drug and the polymer may retard this spontaneous conversion of the amorphous drug. Some studies have shown that it is possible to maintain the drug in the amorphous form for extended periods of time. For the drug and the polymer to form a stable mixture they have to be miscible on a molecular basis. Another form of solid dispersions is pharmaceutical co-crystals, for which research has focused on understanding the chemistry, crystal engineering and physico-chemical properties. USFDA has issued a guidance in April 2013 suggesting that the co-crystals as a pharmaceutical product may be a reality; but just not yet! While some of the research is still oriented towards application of these carriers, understanding the mechanism by which drug-carrier miscibility occurs is also covered. Within this context is the use of thermodynamic models such as Flory-Huggins model with some examples of studies used to predict miscibility.

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Peng, Yuankun, Tongkui Yue, Sai Li, Ke Gao, Yachen Wang, Ziwei Li, Xin Ye, Liqun Zhang, and Jun Liu. "Rheological and structural properties of associated polymer networks studied via non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation." Molecular Systems Design & Engineering 6, no. 6 (2021): 461–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1me00017a.

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The physical polymer network formed by molecular association via non-covalent interactions between end groups alters a great many rheological properties of polymers and produces some fascinating rheological phenomena.

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Zahid, Muhammad, Muhammad Zafar, Muhammad A. Rana, Muhammad S. Lodhi, Abdul S. Awan, and Babar Ahmad. "Mathematical analysis of a non-Newtonian polymer in the forward roll coating process." Journal of Polymer Engineering 40, no. 8 (September 25, 2020): 703–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2019-0297.

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AbstractThis article describes the development of a mathematical model of forward roll coating of a thin film of a non-Newtonian material when it passes through a small gap between the two counter-rotating rolls. The conservation equations of mass, momentum, and energy in the light of LAT (lubrication approximation theory) are non-dimensionalized and solutions for the velocity profile, flow rate, pressure distribution, pressure, forces, stresses, power input to the roller, and temperature distribution are calculated analytically. It is found that by changing (increasing/decreasing) the value of material parameters, one can really control the engineering parameters like, stress and the most important the coating thickness and is a quick reference for the engineer working in coating industries. Some results are shown graphically. From the present study, it has been established that the material parameter is a device to control flow rate, coating thickness, separation points, and pressure distribution.

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Yadav, Neha, Farzad Seidi, Daniel Crespy, and Valerio D'Elia. "Polymers Based on Cyclic Carbonates as Trait d'Union Between Polymer Chemistry and Sustainable CO2 Utilization." ChemSusChem 12, no. 4 (February 15, 2019): 724–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201802770.

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Osokin, Yu G. "Vinylnorbornene: Preparation, chemical transformations, and use in organic synthesis and polymer chemistry. Vinylnorbornene synthesis and isomerization to ethylidenenorbornene (Review)." Petroleum Chemistry 47, no. 1 (February 2007): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s096554410701001x.

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Kim, Kyung-su, You Kyoung Chung, Hyunwoo Kim, Chae Yeon Ha, Joonsuk Huh, and Changsik Song. "Additive-free photo-mediated oxidative cyclization of pyridinium acylhydrazones to 1,3,4-oxadiazoles: solid-state conversion in a microporous organic polymer and supramolecular energy-level engineering." RSC Advances 11, no. 4 (2021): 1969–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra09581h.

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Kuksenok, Olga, Debabrata Deb, Pratyush Dayal, and Anna C. Balazs. "Modeling Chemoresponsive Polymer Gels." Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering 5, no. 1 (June 7, 2014): 35–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-060713-035949.

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You, Hoseon, Hyunbum Kang, Donguk Kim, Jin Su Park, Jin‐Woo Lee, Seungjin Lee, Felix Sunjoo Kim, and Bumjoon J. Kim. "Cyano‐Functionalized Quinoxaline‐Based Polymer Acceptors for All‐Polymer Solar Cells and Organic Transistors." ChemSusChem 14, no. 17 (March 11, 2021): 3520–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202100080.

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Taylor, Phillip A., and Arthi Jayaraman. "Molecular Modeling and Simulations of Peptide–Polymer Conjugates." Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering 11, no. 1 (June 7, 2020): 257–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092319-083243.

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Peptide–polymer conjugates are a class of soft materials composed of covalently linked blocks of protein/polypeptides and synthetic/natural polymers. These materials are practically useful in biological applications, such as drug delivery, DNA/gene delivery, and antimicrobial coatings, as well as nonbiological applications, such as electronics, separations, optics, and sensing. Given their broad applicability, there is motivation to understand the molecular and macroscale structure, dynamics, and thermodynamic behavior exhibited by such materials. We focus on the past and ongoing molecular simulation studies aimed at obtaining such fundamental understanding and predicting molecular design rules for the target function. We describe briefly the experimental work in this field that validates or motivates these computational studies. We also describe the various models (e.g., atomistic, coarse-grained, or hybrid) and simulation methods (e.g., stochastic versus deterministic, enhanced sampling) that have been used and the types of questions that have been answered using these computational approaches.

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Dumskii, Yu V., M. E. Belyakov, A. K. Suroto, G. F. Cherednikova, and L. B. Grin'ko. "Production of petroleum polymer resins." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 24, no. 1 (January 1988): 8–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00736148.

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Guraieb, Paula, Ross Tomson, Victoria Brooks, Ji-young Lee, and Jay Weatherman. "A Game Changer in Scale-Squeeze Technology." Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, no. 02 (February 1, 2021): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0221-0040-jpt.

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Background Field trials using a new scale-inhibitor technology that improves treatment lifetime of scale squeezes have been successfully performed in the Gulf of Mexico. Tomson Technologies, in partnership with Shell, developed proprietary nanoparticle carriers that enhance scale-inhibitor adsorption to the reservoir and control the return rate for extended periods of time. This technology results in less chemical bleed off in the initial flowback and increases the chemical retained in the reservoir, allowing for more effective squeeze treatments. Both nanoparticle-enabled phosphonate and polymer inhibitors have now been developed and successfully squeezed in the field. Phosphonate inhibitors are widely used for squeeze treatment due to their desirable adsorption and release properties in carbonate and sandstone reservoirs. Minor changes have been made to the chemistry, but overall, the fundamentals have remained unchanged for decades. Polymeric scale inhibitors have also been developed for cases in which phosphonates are not applicable. The nano-enhanced technology provides a large improvement of treatment lifetime of 2 to 4 times (200-400%) when compared to incumbents, making this technology advancement attractive even in cases where current squeezes are considered successful. The well selected for this case study is an offshore formation with a predominantly sandstone mineralogy (approximately 80% quartz) with 25-30% porosity and bottomhole temperature of 183°F (83°C). Technology From the Lab to Field A sandpack sample from the trial well was used in the laboratory to deter-mine the adsorption and desorption properties of the nano-enabled inhibitor in realistic rock conditions. Multiple conditioning steps were used before product was injected in a sequence that mimicked field squeeze treatments. Mass-balance results from the sandpack experiment show adsorption of approximately 8 mg of polymer retained per gram of crushed reservoir rock used in the experiment. A typical rule of thumb for phosphonate-scale inhibitors (only as a comparison since this is a polymeric scale inhibitor) is 1-2 mg of inhibitor retained per gram of rock. Therefore, this is considered a large improvement on adsorption. There are challenges associated with measuring polymers in brine as residuals; however, multiple methods, both in-house and external, were com-pared to ensure accuracy. The results using the nano-enhanced scale inhibitor show concentrations higher than 1 mg/L of active polymer for over 7,000 pore volume of return in the sandpack experiment. Complete intact core experiments were also conducted with reservoir fluids and showed no formation damage during the injection of the product with regained oil permeability of 96%. Oil permeability was in the 150-200 mD range for the intact core experiments. Third-party coreflood testing was performed with nitrified and foamed stages to ensure compatibility with the nano-enabled chemistry. No formation damage was observed with the nitrification of the stages containing the nano-enabled chemistry. Field Application Case Study After extensive lab validation of the product and supporting corefloods to de-risk the technology, Well A was selected by Shell to be the first well treated with the new nano-enabled extended-lifetime inhibitor.

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McBride, Matthew K., Brady T. Worrell, Tobin Brown, Lewis M. Cox, Nancy Sowan, Chen Wang, Maciej Podgorski, Alina M. Martinez, and Christopher N. Bowman. "Enabling Applications of Covalent Adaptable Networks." Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering 10, no. 1 (June 7, 2019): 175–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-060718-030217.

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The ability to behave in a fluidlike manner fundamentally separates thermoset and thermoplastic polymers. Bridging this divide, covalent adaptable networks (CANs) structurally resemble thermosets with permanent covalent crosslinks but are able to flow in a manner that resembles thermoplastic behavior only when a dynamic chemical reaction is active. As a consequence, the rheological behavior of CANs becomes intrinsically tied to the dynamic reaction kinetics and the stimuli that are used to trigger those, including temperature, light, and chemical stimuli, providing unprecedented control over viscoelastic properties. CANs represent a highly capable material that serves as a powerful tool to improve mechanical properties and processing in a wide variety of polymer applications, including composites, hydrogels, and shape-memory polymers. This review aims to highlight the enabling material properties of CANs and the applied fields where the CAN concept has been embraced.

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Venkatesh, R. Bharath, Neha Manohar, Yiwei Qiang, Haonan Wang, Hong Huy Tran, Baekmin Q. Kim, Anastasia Neuman, et al. "Polymer-Infiltrated Nanoparticle Films Using Capillarity-Based Techniques: Toward Multifunctional Coatings and Membranes." Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering 12, no. 1 (June 7, 2021): 411–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101220-093836.

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Polymer-infiltrated nanoparticle films (PINFs) are a new class of nanocomposites that offer synergistic properties and functionality derived from unusually high fractions of nanomaterials. Recently, two versatile techniques,capillary rise infiltration (CaRI) and solvent-driven infiltration of polymer (SIP), have been introduced that exploit capillary forces in films of densely packed nanoparticles. In CaRI, a highly loaded PINF is produced by thermally induced wicking of polymer melt into the nanoparticle packing pores. In SIP, exposure of a polymer–nanoparticle bilayer to solvent vapor atmosphere induces capillary condensation of solvent in the pores of nanoparticle packing, leading to infiltration of polymer into the solvent-filled pores. CaRI/SIP PINFs show superior properties compared with polymer nanocomposite films made using traditional methods, including superb mechanical properties, thermal stability, heat transfer, and optical properties. This review discusses fundamental aspects of the infiltration process and highlights potential applications in separations, structural coatings, and polymer upcycling—a process to convert polymer wastes into useful chemicals.

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Jin, Baoguang, Hanqiao Jiang, Xiansong Zhang, Jing Wang, Jing Yang, and Wei Zheng. "Numerical Simulation of Surfactant-Polymer Flooding." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 50, no. 1 (March 2014): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10553-014-0490-8.

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Tagavifar, M., H. Sharma, D. Wang, S. H. Jang, and G. A. Pope. "Alkaline/Surfactant/Polymer Flooding With Sodium Hydroxide in Indiana Limestone: Analysis of Water/Rock Interactions and Surfactant Adsorption." SPE Journal 23, no. 06 (September 10, 2018): 2279–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/191146-pa.

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Summary We recently used sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in Indiana limestone coreflood experiments to lower anionic-surfactant adsorption. This study presents analysis of the limestone geochemistry and the surfactant adsorption under static and dynamic conditions. Analysis of the effluent ionic composition using ion chromatography and inductively coupled plasma showed the presence of sulfate (SO42−) aluminum (Al), and iron (Fe), as well as calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). To determine the likely source of each geochemical species and to characterize how the dissolution kinetics changes the slug chemistry, PHREEQC was used to inverse-model Indiana limestone rock using the bulk X-ray-diffraction (XRD) mineralogical composition and the influent and effluent water chemistry. Results showed that all Indiana limestone cores contained anhydrite, which was not detected by XRD. The effluent concentration of Al increased with pH to approximately 15 mg/L, whereas Fe concentration remained fairly independent of pH at 0.04 ± 0.02 mg/L. These trends suggest the likely source of Al and Fe to be either clay dissolution or the release of natural clay colloids with NaOH. Simulations suggested that in Fe-bearing carbonates, alkali consumption is fast but limited with NaOH, which is observed as pH-front delay, whereas alkali consumption is slow but severe with sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) resulting in minimal pH-front delay but lower effluent pH compared with influent pH for prolonged injection times. Using the PHREEQC calculations, the ionic composition of the chemical slug in subsequent alkali/surfactant/polymer (ASP) experiments was adjusted. In addition, the coupled adsorption/transport of anionic surfactants in carbonate rocks was also investigated using surface-complexation-model adsorption under static and dynamic conditions. Model predictions agree with the single-phase-adsorption coreflood results and suggest that the adsorption on the metal oxides or clay could be comparable with that on calcite. This arises from the higher surface area and the point of zero charge of pH (pHpzc) of metal oxides.

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Lee, K. S. "Effects of Polymer Adsorption on the Oil Recovery during Polymer Flooding Processes." Petroleum Science and Technology 28, no. 4 (February 10, 2010): 351–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10916460802686301.

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Li, Yingcheng, Weidong Zhang, Bailing Kong, Maura Puerto, Xinning Bao, Ou Sha, Zhiqin Shen, et al. "Mixtures of Anionic/Cationic Surfactants: A New Approach for Enhanced Oil Recovery in Low-Salinity, High-Temperature Sandstone Reservoir." SPE Journal 21, no. 04 (August 15, 2016): 1164–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/169051-pa.

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Summary Test results indicate that a lipophilic surfactant can be designed by mixing both hydrophilic anionic and cationic surfactants, which broaden the design of novel surfactant methodology and application scope for conventional chemical enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) methods. These mixtures produced ultralow critical micelle concentrations (CMCs), ultralow interfacial tension (IFT), and high oil solubilization that promote high tertiary oil recovery. Mixtures of anionic and cationic surfactants with molar excess of anionic surfactant for EOR applications in sandstone reservoirs are described in this study. Physical chemistry properties, such as surface tension, CMC, surface excess, and area per molecule of individual surfactants and their mixtures, were measured by the Wilhelmy (1863) plate method. Morphologies of surfactant solutions, both surfactant/polymer (SP) and alkaline/surfactant/polymer (ASP), were studied by cryogenic-transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-TEM). Phase behaviors were recorded by visual inspection including crossed polarizers at different surfactant concentrations and different temperatures. IFTs between normal octane, crude oil, and surfactant solution were measured by the spinning-drop-tensiometer method. Properties of IFT, viscosity, and thermal stability of surfactant, SP, and ASP solutions were also tested. Static adsorption on sandstone was measured at reservoir temperature. IFT was measured before and after multiple contact adsorptions to recognize the influence of adsorption on interfacial properties. Forced displacements were conducted by flooding with water, SP, and ASP. The coreflooding experiments were conducted with synthetic brine with approximately 5,000 ppm of total dissolved solids (TDS), and with a crude oil from a Sinopec reservoir.

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Long, Fei, Shuanshi Fan, Yanhong Wang, and Xuemei Lang. "Promoting effect of super absorbent polymer on hydrate formation." Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 19, no. 3 (May 2010): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1003-9953(09)60074-8.

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Jiang, H., Q. Yu, and Z. Yi. "The Influence of the Combination of Polymer and Polymer–Surfactant Flooding on Recovery." Petroleum Science and Technology 29, no. 5 (January 5, 2011): 514–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10916466.2010.529551.

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Aleksandrova, E. A., Zh T. Khadisova, Kh Kh Aklimadova, L. Sh Makhmudova, and A. S. Abubalcarova. "Structuraland Mechanical Properties of Polymer—Paraffin Composites." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 55, no. 4 (September 2019): 404–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10553-019-01045-1.

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Konstantinova, S. A., L. I. Semkina, B. M. Anikushin, A. A. Zuikov, O. F. Glagoleva, and V. A. Vinokurov. "Natural Polymer Additives for Strengthening Packaging Materials." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 55, no. 5 (November 2019): 561–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10553-019-01067-9.

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Yadav, Neha, Farzad Seidi, Daniel Crespy, and Valerio D'Elia. "Cover Feature: Polymers Based on Cyclic Carbonates as Trait d'Union Between Polymer Chemistry and Sustainable CO2 Utilization (ChemSusChem 4/2019)." ChemSusChem 12, no. 4 (February 15, 2019): 721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201900355.

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Oka, Kouki, Christian Strietzel, Rikard Emanuelsson, Hiroyuki Nishide, Kenichi Oyaizu, Maria Strømme, and Martin Sjödin. "Conducting Redox Polymer as a Robust Organic Electrode‐Active Material in Acidic Aqueous Electrolyte towards Polymer–Air Secondary Batteries." ChemSusChem 13, no. 9 (April 27, 2020): 2280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202000627.

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Kashiwagi, Takashi. "Combustion of polymer materials." Combustion and Flame 70, no. 1 (October 1987): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(87)90164-7.

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Chen, Chao-Hsuan, Zhi-Wei Lin, Kuan-Min Huang, Hsin-Fei Meng, Szu-Han Chen, Ziyi Ge, Hsiao-Wen Zan, Chih-Yu Chang, Yu-Chiang Chao, and Sheng-Fu Horng. "Thermally Stable High-Performance Polymer Solar Cells Enabled by Interfacial Engineering." ChemSusChem 11, no. 14 (June 27, 2018): 2429–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201800768.

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Bird, R. B., and A. J. Giacomin. "Polymer Fluid Dynamics: Continuum and Molecular Approaches." Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering 7, no. 1 (June 7, 2016): 479–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-080615-034536.

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Lukyanov, Daniil A., Anatoliy A. Vereshchagin, Anastasiya V. Soloviova, Olga V. Grigorova, Petr S. Vlasov, and Oleg V. Levin. "Sulfonated Polycatechol Immobilized in a Conductive Polymer for Enhanced Energy Storage." ACS Applied Energy Materials 4, no. 5 (May 10, 2021): 5070–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.1c00639.

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Jiang, Weidong, Xiangguo Lu, and Xinxia Xu. "Effect of Oxygen and Bacteria on the Property of Polymer Gel." Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 16, no. 4 (December 2007): 437–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1003-9953(08)60017-1.

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Likhterova, N. M., Yu P. Miroshnikov, and E. S. Lobankova. "Tar-based polymer-bitumen binder for road construction." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 45, no. 6 (November 2009): 429–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10553-010-0169-8.

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Kulikova, V. A., A. I. Bukhter, L. K. Davidyan, G. S. Krasnov, and Yu A. Avdonin. "Treatment of polymer-compounded hydraulic oils by ultrafiltration." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 25, no. 11 (November 1989): 539–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00726820.

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Chen, Changlong, Shuoshi Wang, Jeffrey H. Harwell, and Bor-Jier Shiau. "Polymer-free viscoelastic fluid for improved oil recovery." Fuel 292 (May 2021): 120331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120331.

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Capeletto, Claudia A., Claudia Sayer, and Pedro H. H. Araújo. "Post-modification of preformed polymer latex." Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification 103 (May 2016): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2015.11.005.

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Gajewski, Piotr, and Francois Béguin. "Hydrogel–Polymer Electrolyte for Electrochemical Capacitors with High Volumetric Energy and Life Span." ChemSusChem 13, no. 7 (March 5, 2020): 1876–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201903077.

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Kim, Han-Jung, Jihye Lee, Sang Eon Lee, Wanjung Kim, Hwan Jin Kim, Dae-Geun Choi, and Jong Hyeok Park. "Polymer-free Vertical Transfer of Silicon Nanowires and their Application to Energy Storage." ChemSusChem 6, no. 11 (September 12, 2013): 2144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201300202.

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Wang, Shaoyang, Albert Min Gyu Park, Paraskevi Flouda, Alexandra D. Easley, Fei Li, Ting Ma, Gregory D. Fuchs, and Jodie L. Lutkenhaus. "Solution‐Processable Thermally Crosslinked Organic Radical Polymer Battery Cathodes." ChemSusChem 13, no. 9 (March 5, 2020): 2371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201903554.

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Okuno, Yoshinori, Shigeki Isomura, Takahiro Kamakura, Fumiaki Sano, Kaoru Tamahori, Takahiro Goto, Takahiro Hayashida, Yuuichi Kitagawa, Ami Fukuhara, and Kazuyoshi Takeda. "Dimethylaminopyridine-Supported Graft Polymer Catalyst and its Flow System." ChemSusChem 8, no. 10 (April 8, 2015): 1711–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201500092.

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Bitenc, Jan, Klemen Pirnat, Tanja Bančič, Miran Gaberšček, Boštjan Genorio, Anna Randon-Vitanova, and Robert Dominko. "Anthraquinone-Based Polymer as Cathode in Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries." ChemSusChem 8, no. 24 (November 26, 2015): 4128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201500910.

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Ali, Mohammed Farhat, I. M. Asi, H. I. Al-Abdul Wahhab, and I. A. Al-Dubabe. "CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYMER MODIFIED GULF ASPHALTS." Petroleum Science and Technology 17, no. 1-2 (January 1999): 125–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10916469908949711.

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Keyf, S., O. Ismail, and B. D. Çorbacioğlu. "Polymer-Modified Bitumen Using Ethylene Terpolymers." Petroleum Science and Technology 25, no. 7 (July 27, 2007): 915–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10916460500411812.

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Quintiere, James G. "Fundamental aspects of polymer flammability." Combustion and Flame 74, no. 3 (December 1988): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(88)90078-8.

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Ji, Pengfei, Yiming Cao, Xingming Jie, and Quan Yuan. "Fabrication of polymer/fluoride-containing salts blend composite membranes for CO2 separation." Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 19, no. 6 (November 2010): 560–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1003-9953(09)60132-8.

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Zhang, Bao, Jianfeng Li, Ailing Tang, Yanfang Geng, Qiang Guo, and Erjun Zhou. "Utilizing Benzotriazole-Fused DAD-Type Heptacyclic Ring to Construct n-Type Polymer for All-Polymer Solar Cell Application." ACS Applied Energy Materials 4, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 4217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.1c00584.

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Zhu, Ming-Xiao, Qiu-Cheng Yu, Heng-Gao Song, Ting-Xin Chen, and Ji-Ming Chen. "Rational Design of High-Energy-Density Polymer Composites by Machine Learning Approach." ACS Applied Energy Materials 4, no. 2 (January 22, 2021): 1449–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.0c02647.

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Amirian, Ehsan, Morteza Dejam, and Zhangxin Chen. "Performance forecasting for polymer flooding in heavy oil reservoirs." Fuel 216 (March 2018): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.11.110.

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Zheng, Wenlong, Xiaoming Wu, and Yuming Huang. "Thermal Stability of Sodium Formate in Polymer Drilling Fluids." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 55, no. 2 (May 2019): 174–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10553-019-01018-4.

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Lubinskii, I. V., and E. A. Makarevich. "Directions in the development of production of polymer products." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 44, no. 2 (March 2008): 120–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10553-008-0020-7.

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