Relevant bibliographies by topics / Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC)

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC)"

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Mulyazmi, Wan Ramli Wan Daud, and Edy Herianto Majlan. "Design Models of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell System." Key Engineering Materials 447-448 (September 2010): 554–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.447-448.554.

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One important aspect to develop fuel cell design is to use the concept of computational models. Mathematical modeling can be used to help research complex, estimates the optimal performance of fuel cells stack, compare several different processes, save costs and time in the investigation. This paper focuses on several reviews of research models to develop the system design of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). Purposes of this study are to determine the factors that affect system performance include: stack of PEMFC system, water management system and Supply of reactants to the PEMFC stack.
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Lee, Sangrae, Ki-Ho Nam, Kwangwon Seo, Gunhwi Kim, and Haksoo Han. "Phase Inversion-Induced Porous Polybenzimidazole Fuel Cell Membranes: An Efficient Architecture for High-Temperature Water-Free Proton Transport." Polymers 12, no. 7 (July 19, 2020): 1604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12071604.

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To cope with the demand for cleaner alternative energy, polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have received significant research attention owing to their high-power density, high fuel efficiency, and low polluting by-product. However, the water requirement of these cells has necessitated research on systems that do not require water and/or use other mediums with higher boiling points. In this work, a highly porous meta-polybenzimidazole (m-PBI) membrane was fabricated through the non-solvent induced phase inversion technique and thermal cross-linking for high-temperature PEMFC (HT-PEMFC) applications. Standard non-thermally treated porous membranes are susceptible to phosphoric acid (PA) even at low concentrations and are unsuitable as polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs). With the porous structure of m-PBI membranes, higher PA uptake and minimal swelling, which is controlled via cross-linking, was achieved. In addition, the membranes exhibited partial asymmetrical morphology and are directly applicable to fuel cell systems without any further modifications. Membranes with insufficient cross-linking resulted in an unstable performance in HT-PEMFC environments. By optimizing thermal treatment, a high-performance membrane with limited swelling and improved proton conductivity was achieved. Finally, the m-PBI membrane exhibited enhanced acid retention, proton conductivity, and fuel cell performance.
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Seng, Leong Kok, Mohd Shahbudin Masdar, and Loh Kee Shyuan. "Ionic Liquid in Phosphoric Acid-Doped Polybenzimidazole (PA-PBI) as Electrolyte Membranes for PEM Fuel Cells: A Review." Membranes 11, no. 10 (September 24, 2021): 728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11100728.

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Increasing world energy demand and the rapid depletion of fossil fuels has initiated explorations for sustainable and green energy sources. High-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) are viewed as promising materials in fuel cell technology due to several advantages, namely improved kinetic of both electrodes, higher tolerance for carbon monoxide (CO) and low crossover and wastage. Recent technology developments showed phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole (PA-PBI) membranes most suitable for the production of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). However, drawbacks caused by leaching and condensation on the phosphate groups hindered the application of the PA-PBI membranes. By phosphate anion adsorption on Pt catalyst layers, a higher volume of liquid phosphoric acid on the electrolyte–electrode interface and within the electrodes inhibits or even stops gas movement and impedes electron reactions as the phosphoric acid level grows. Therefore, doping techniques have been extensively explored, and recently ionic liquids (ILs) were introduced as new doping materials to prepare the PA-PBI membranes. Hence, this paper provides a review on the use of ionic liquid material in PA-PBI membranes for HT-PEMFC applications. The effect of the ionic liquid preparation technique on PA-PBI membranes will be highlighted and discussed on the basis of its characterization and performance in HT-PEMFC applications.
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Sheebha Jyothi, G., and Y. Bhaskar Rao. "Simulation of Fuel Cell Technology Using Matlab." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.27 (August 15, 2018): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.27.17660.

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This paper represents a mathematical model for proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)system. Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (also called polymer Electrolyte Membrane fuel cells(PEM)) provides a continuous electrical energy supply from fuel at high levels of efficiency and power density. PEMs provide a solid, corrosion free electrolyte, a low running temperature, and fast response to power.
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Ling, H. H., N. Misdan, F. Mustafa, N. H. H. Hairom, S. H. Nasir, J. Jaafar, and N. Yusof. "Triptycene copolymers as proton exchange membrane for fuel cell - A topical review." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 17, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 321–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v17n4.1492.

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In view of the pressing need for alternative clean energy source to displace the current dependence on fossil fuel, proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology have received renewed research and development interest in the past decade. The electrolyte, which is the proton exchange membrane, is a critical component of the PEMFC and is specifically targeted for research efforts because of its high commercial cost that effectively hindered the widespread usage and competitiveness of the PEMFC technology. Much effort has been focused over the last five years towards the development of novel, durable, highly effective, commercially viable, and low-cost co-polymers as alternative for the expensive Nafion® proton exchange membrane, which is the current industry standard. Our primary review efforts will be directed upon the reported researches of alternative proton exchange membrane co-polymers which involved Triptycene derivatives. Triptycene derivatives, which contain three benzene rings in a three-dimensional non-compliant paddlewheel configuration, are attractive building blocks for the synthesis of proton exchange membranes because it increases the free volume in the polymer. The co-polymers considered in this review are based on hydrocarbon molecular structure, with Triptycene involved as a performance enhancer. Detailed herein are the development and current state of these co-polymers and their performance as alternative fuel cell electrolyte.
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Chu, Deryn, and Rongzhong Jiang. "Performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stacks." Journal of Power Sources 83, no. 1-2 (October 1999): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7753(99)00285-2.

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Li, Xin, Qun Yan, and Da Tai Yu. "Parameter Optimization for a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 37-38 (November 2010): 834–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.37-38.834.

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The accurate mathematical model is an important tool for simulation and design analysis of fuel cell power systems. Semi-empirical models are easier to be obtained and can also be used to accurately predict the performance of fuel cell system for engineering applications. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a recently invented high-performance algorithm. In this paper, a parameter optimization technique of PEMFC semi-empirical models based on DKPSO was proposed in terms of the voltage-current characteristics. The simulated and experimental data confirmed the validity of the optimization technique, and indicated that PSO is an effective tool for optimizing the parameters of PEMFC models.
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Kim, Hong Gun, Lee Ku Kwac, Yoo Shin Kim, and Young Woo Kang. "Effects of Flow Characteristics in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell." Materials Science Forum 620-622 (April 2009): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.620-622.77.

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An experimental and numerical study of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is presented and compared with the experimental data to investigate the effects of pressure gradient, flow rate, humidification and supplied oxidant type for the practical application. The membrane and electrolyte assembly (MEA) materials are implemented by double-tied catalyst layers. A single-phase two-dimensional steady-state model is is implemented for the numerical analysis. Testing condition is fixed at 60sccm and 70°C in anode and cathode, respectively. It is found that the performance of PEMFC depend highly on the conditions as gas pressure, temperature, thickness, supplied oxidant type (Oxygen/Air) as well as humidification. The results show that the humidification effect enhances the performance more than 20% and the pure oxygen gas as fuel improves current density more than 25% compared to ambient air suppliance as oxidant.
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Dickinson, Edmund J. F., and Graham Smith. "Modelling the Proton-Conductive Membrane in Practical Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) Simulation: A Review." Membranes 10, no. 11 (October 28, 2020): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes10110310.

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Theoretical models used to describe the proton-conductive membrane in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are reviewed, within the specific context of practical, physicochemical simulations of PEMFC device-scale performance and macroscopically observable behaviour. Reported models and their parameterisation (especially for Nafion 1100 materials) are compiled into a single source with consistent notation. Detailed attention is given to the Springer–Zawodzinski–Gottesfeld, Weber–Newman, and “binary friction model” methods of coupling proton transport with water uptake and diffusive water transport; alongside, data are compiled for the corresponding parameterisation of proton conductivity, water sorption isotherm, water diffusion coefficient, and electroosmotic drag coefficient. Subsequent sections address the formulation and parameterisation of models incorporating interfacial transport resistances, hydraulic transport of water, swelling and mechanical properties, transient and non-isothermal phenomena, and transport of dilute gases and other contaminants. Lastly, a section is dedicated to the formulation of models predicting the rate of membrane degradation and its influence on PEMFC behaviour.
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Chitsazan, Azin, and Majid Monajje. "Increasing the efficiency Proton exchange membrane (PEMFC) & other fuel cells through multi graphene layers including polymer membrane electrolyte." French-Ukrainian Journal of Chemistry 8, no. 1 (2020): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/fujcv8i1p95-107.

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Multi layers Graphene has been simulated theoretically for hydrogen storage and oxygen diffusion at a single unit of fuel cell. Ion transport rate of DFAFC, PAFC, AFC, PEMFC, DMFC and SOFC fuel cells have been studied. AFC which uses an aqueous alkaline electrolyte is suitable for temperature below 90 degree and is appropriate for higher current applications, while PEMFC is suitable for lower temperature compared to others. Thermodynamic equations have been investigated for those fuel cells in viewpoint of voltage output data. Effects of operating data including temperature (T), pressure (P), proton exchange membrane water content (λ) , and proton exchange membrane thickness on the optimal performance of the irreversible fuel cells have been studied.Obviously, the efficiency of PEMFC extremely related to amount of the H2 concentration, water activities in catalyst substrates and polymer of electrolyte membranes, temperature, and such variables dependence in the direction of the fuel and air streams.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC)"

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Whiteley, Michael. "Advanced reliability analysis of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells in automotive applications." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/21517.

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Hydrogen fuel cells have the potential to dramatically reduce emissions from the energy sector, particularly when integrated into an automotive application. However, there are three main hurdles to the commercialisation of this promising technology; one of which is reliability. Cur- rent standards require an automotive fuel cell to last around 5000 h of operation (equivalent to around 150,000 miles), which has proven difficult to achieve to date. This hurdle can be overcome through in-depth reliability analysis including techniques such as Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) and Petri-net simulation. This research has found that the reliability field regarding hydrogen fuel cells is still in its infancy, and needs development, if the current standards are to be achieved. In this research, a detailed reliability study of a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is undertaken. The results of which are a qualitative and quantitative analysis of a PEMFC. The FMEA and FTA are the most up to date assessments of failure in fuel cells developed using a comprehensive literature review and expert opinion. Advanced modelling of fuel cell degradation logic was developed using Petri-net modelling techniques. 20 failure modules were identfied that represented the interactions of all failure modes and operational parameters in a PEMFC. Petri-net simulation was used to overcome key pitfalls observed in FTA to provide a verfied degradation model of a PEMFC in an automotive application, undergoing a specific drive cycle, however any drive cycle can be input to this model. Overall results show that the modeled fuel cell's lifetime would reach 34 hours before falling below the industry standard degradation rate of more than 5%. The degradation model has the capability to simulate fuel cell degradation under any drive cycle and with any operating parameters. A fuel cell test rig was also developed that was used to verify the simulated degradation. The rig is capable of testing single cells or stacks from 0-470W power. The results from the verification experimentation agreed strongly with the degradation model, giving confidence in the accuracy of the developed Petri-net degradation model. This research contributes greatly to the field of reliability of PEMFCs through the most up-to-date and comprehensive FMEA and FTA presented. Additionally, a degradation model based upon Petri-nets is the first degradation model to encompass a 1D performance model to predict fuel cell life time under specific drive cycles.
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Shevock, Bryan Wesley. "System Level Modeling of Thermal Transients in PEMFC Systems." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31079.

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Fuel cell system models are key tools for automotive fuel cell system engineers to properly size components to meet design parameters without compromising efficiency by over-sizing parasitic components. A transient fuel cell system level model is being developed that includes a simplified transient thermal and parasitics model. Model validation is achieved using a small 1.2 kW fuel cell system, due to its availability. While this is a relatively small stack compared to a full size automotive stack, the power, general thermal behavior, and compressor parasitics portions of the model can be scaled to any number of cells with any size membrane area. With flexibility in membrane size and cell numbers, this model can be easily scaled to match full automotive stacks of any size. The electrical model employs a generalized polarization curve to approximate system performance and efficiency parameters needed for the other components of the model. General parameters of a stackâ s individual cells must be known to scale the stack model. These parameters are usually known by the time system level design begins. The thermal model relies on a lumped capacity approximation of an individual cell system with convective cooling. From the thermal parameters calculated by the model, a designer can effectively size thermal components to remove stack thermal loads. The transient thermal model was found to match experimental data well. The steady state and transient sections of the curve have good agreement during warm up and cool down cycles. In all, the model provides a useful tool for system level engineers in the early stages of stack system development. The flexibility of this model will be critical for providing engineers with the ability to look at possible solutions for their fuel cell power requirements.
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McCarthy, Nicholas. "Multivariate characterisation of dual-layered catalysts, reliability and durability of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/26273.

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Hydrogen fuel cells have held out the promise of clean, sustainable power generation for decades, but have failed to deliver on that potential. Inefficiencies in research and development work can be overcome to increase the rate of new knowledge acquisition in this field. A number of medical and engineering disciplines utilise a wide variety of statistical tools in their research to achieve this same end, but there has been little adoption of such statistical approaches within the fuel cell research community. This research undertakes a design of experiments (DoE) approach to the analysis of multiply-covarying (M-ANOVAR) factors by using historic data, and direct experimental work, on a wide variety of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) cathode gas diffusion media (GDM) and dual layered catalyst structures. This research developed a gradient of polarisation regions' approach; a method for making robust numerical comparisons between large numbers of samples based on polarisation curves, while still measuring the more usual peak power of the PEMFC. The assessment of polarisation gradients was completed in a statistically robust fashion that enabled the creation of regression models of GDMs for multiple input and multiple output data sets. Having established the multivariate method; a set of possibly co-varying factors, a DoE approach was used to assess GDM selection, dual layered catalyst structures and degradation of membrane electrode assembly (MEA) performance over time. Degradation studies monopolise resources to be monopolised for protracted periods. M-ANOVAR allows the addition of other factors in the study, and the total efficiency of the degradation experiment is increased. A 20% reduction in the number of samples to be tested was achieved in the case study presented in this thesis (compared to the usual one factor at a time (OFAT) approach). This research highlights the flexibility and efficiency of DoE approaches to PEMFC degradation experimentation. This research is unique in that it creates catalyst ink formulations where the variation in catalyst loading in each sub-layer of the catalyst layer (CL) was achieved by having a different concentration of the catalyst material on the carbon supports. The final M-ANOVAR analysis indicates a simple average of the individual responses was appropriate for the experiments undertaken. It was shown that low concentration dual layer catalysts on paper GDMs have improved performance compared to paper GDMs with uniform, single layer catalysts: Demonstrating reduced platinum concentrations to achieve equivalent open cell performance. The time to peak power during testing (how long after starting the test it takes to achieve the maximum performance in the cell) was strongly impacted by GDM selection. Furthermore, there was a strong suggestion that previously published results crediting a change in performance due to a single layer, or multi-layered catalyst structures may, in fact, have been due to the selection of GDM used in the experiment instead.
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Brunello, Giuseppe. "Computational modeling of materials in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/48937.

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Fuel cells have the potential to change the energy paradigm by allowing more efficient use of energy. In particular, Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) are interesting because they are low temperature devices. However, there are still numerous challenges limiting their widespread use including operating temperature, types of permissible fuels and optimal use of expensive catalysts. The first two problems are related mainly to the ionomer electrolyte, which largely determines the operating temperature and fuel type. While new ionomer membranes have been proposed to address some of these issues, there is still a lack of fundamental knowledge to guide ionomer design for PEMFC. This work is a computational study of the effect of temperature and water content on sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) and the effect of acidity on sulfonated polystyrene to better understand how ionomer material properties differ. In particular we found that increased water content preferentially solvates the sulfonate groups and improves water and hydronium transport. However, we found that increasing an ionomer’s acid strength causes similar effects to increasing the water content. Finally, we used Density Functional Theory (DFT) to study platinum nano-clusters as used in PEMFCs. We developed a model using the atom’s coordination number to quickly compute the energy of a cluster and therefore predict which platinum atoms are most loosely held. Our model correctly predicted the energy of various clusters compared to DFT. Also, we studied the interaction between the various moieties of the electrolyte including the catalyst particle and developed a force field. The coordination model can be used in a molecular dynamics simulation of the three phase region of a PEMFC to generate unbiased initial clusters. The force field developed can be used to describe the interaction between this generated cluster and the electrolyte.
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Wang, Yuhua. "Conductive Thermoplastic Composite Blends for Flow Field Plates for Use in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC)." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/2893.

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This project is aimed at developing and demonstrating highly conductive, lightweight, and low-cost thermoplastic blends to be used as flow field bipolar plates for polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells.

The research is focused on designing, prototyping, and testing carbon-filled thermoplastic composites with high electrical conductivity, as well as suitable mechanical and process properties.

The impact of different types of fillers on the composite blend properties was evaluated, as well as the synergetic effect of mixtures of fill types within a thermoplastic polymer matrix. A number of blends were produced by varying the filler percentages. Composites with loadings up to 65% by weight of graphite, conductive carbon black, and carbon fibers were investigated. Research results show that three-filler composites exhibit better performance than single or two-filler composites.

Injection and compression molding of the conductive carbon filled polypropylene blend was used to fabricate the bipolar plates. A Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) was used to determine the actual filler loading of composites. A Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) technique was use as an effective way to view the microstructure of composite for properties such as edge effects, porosity, and fiber alignment. Density and mechanical properties of conductive thermoplastic composites were also investigated. During this study, it was found that 1:1:1 SG-4012/VCB/CF composites showed better performance than other blends. The highest conductivity, 1900 S/m in in-plane and 156 S/m in through plane conductivity, is obtained with the 65% composite. Mechanical properties such as tensile modulus, tensile strength, flexural modulus and flexural strength for 65% 1:1:1 SG-4012/VCB/CF composite were found to be 584. 3 MPa, 9. 50 MPa, 6. 82 GPa and 47. 7 MPa, respectively, and these mechanical properties were found to meet minimum mechanical property requirements for bipolar plates. The highest density for bipolar plate developed in this project is 1. 33 g/cm³ and is far less than that of graphite bipolar plate.

A novel technique for metal insert bipolar plate construction was also developed for this project. With a copper sheet insert, the in-plane conductivity of bipolar plate was found to be significantly improved. The performance of composite and copper sheet insert bipolar plates was investigated in a single cell fuel cell. All the composites bipolar plates showed lower performance than the graphite bipolar plate on current-voltage (I-V) polarization curve testing. Although the copper sheet insert bipolar plates were very conductive in in-plane conductivity, there was little improvement in single cell performance compared with the composite bipolar plates.

This work also investigated the factors affecting bipolar plate resistance measurement, which is important for fuel cell bipolar plate design and material selection. Bipolar plate surface area (S) and surface area over thickness (S/T) ratio was showed to have significant effects on the significance of interfacial contact resistances. At high S/T ratio, the contact resistance was found to be most significant for thermoplastic blends. Other factors such as thickness, material properties, surface geometry and clamping pressure were also found to affect the bipolar plate resistance measurements significantly.
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Liu, Qingting. "Poly (2,5-benzimidazole) based polymer electrolyte membranes for high temperature fuel cell applications." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6933.

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Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are one of the most promising clean technologies under development. However, the main obstacles for commercialising PEMFCs are largely attributed to the technical limitations and cost of current PEM materials such as Nafion. Novel poly(2,5-benzimidazole) (ABPBI)/POSS based polymer composite electrolyte membranes with excellent mechanical and conductivity properties were developed in this project including (I) ABPBI, polybenzimidazole (PBI) and their copolymers were synthesised by solution polymerisation and their chemical structures were confirmed by FTIR and elemental analysis. ABPBI/ActaAmmonium POSS (ABPBI/AM) and ABPBI/TriSilanolPhenyl POSS (ABPBI/SO) composites were also synthesised in situ. High quality polymer and composite membranes were fabricated by a direct cast method; and (II) The mechanical and thermal properties, microstructure and morphology, water and H3PO4 absorbility and proton conductivity of phosphoric acid doped and undoped ABPBI and ABPBI/POSS composite membranes were investigated. SEM/TEM micrographs showed that a uniform dispersion of POSS nano particles in ABPBI polymer matrix was achieved. The best performances on both mechanical properties and proton conductivities were obtained from the ABPBI/AM composite membrane with 3 wt% of POSS (ABPBI/3AM). It was found that both the water and H3PO4 uptakes were increased significantly with the addition of POSS due to formation of hydrogen bonds between the POSS and H2O/H3PO4, which played a critical role in the improvement of the conductivity of the composite membranes at temperatures over 100oC. ABPBI/3AM membranes with H3PO4 uptake above 117% showed best proton conductivities at both hydrous and anhydrous conditions from room temperature to 160oC, which is comparable with the conductivity of commercial Nafion 117 at 20oC in water-saturated condition, indicating that these composite membranes could be excellent candidates as a polymer electrolyte membrane for high temperature applications. A new mechanism for illustrating the improved proton conductivity of composite membranes was also developed.
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Ma, Yulin. "The Fundamental Studies of Polybenzimidazole/Phosphoric Acid Polymer Electrolyte for Fuel Cells." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1089835902.

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Morgan, Jason. "Towards an Understanding of the Gas Diffusion Layer in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells." Digital WPI, 2016. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/555.

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The gas diffusion layer (GDL) is one of the key components in a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell. It performs several functions including the transport of reactant gases and product water to and from the catalyst layer, conduction of both electrons and heat produced in the catalyst layer, as well as mechanical support for the membrane. The overarching goal of this work is to thoroughly examine the GDL structure and properties for use in PEM fuel cells, and more specifically, to determine how to characterize the GDL experimentally ex-situ, to understand its performance in-situ, and to relate theory to performance through controlled experimentation. Thus, the impact of readily measured effective water vapor diffusivity on the performance of the GDL is investigated and shown to correlate to the wet limiting current density, as a surrogate of the oxygen diffusivity to which it is more directly related. The influence of microporous layer (MPL) design and construction on the fuel cell performance is studied and recommendations are made for optimal MPL designs for different operating conditions. A method for modifying the PTFE (Teflon) distribution within the GDL is proposed and the impact of distribution of PTFE in the GDL on fuel cell performance is studied. A method for characterizing the surface roughness of the GDL is developed and the impact of surface roughness on various ex-situ GDL properties is investigated. Finally, a detailed analysis of the physical structure and permeability of the GDL is provided and a theoretical model is proposed to predict both dry and wet gas flow within a GDL based on mercury intrusion porosimetry and porometry data. It is hoped that this work will contribute to an improved understanding of the functioning and structure of the GDL and hence advance PEM fuel cell technology.
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Davies, Benjamin. "Enhancing fuel cell lifetime performance through effective health management." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2018. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/36322.

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Hydrogen fuel cells, and notably the polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC), present an important opportunity to reduce greenhouse gas emissions within a range of sectors of society, particularly for transportation and portable products. Despite several decades of research and development, there exist three main hurdles to full commercialisation; namely infrastructure, costs, and durability. This thesis considers the latter of these. The lifetime target for an automotive fuel cell power plant is to survive 5000 hours of usage before significant performance loss; current demonstration projects have only accomplished half of this target, often due to PEFC stack component degradation. Health management techniques have been identified as an opportunity to overcome the durability limitations. By monitoring the PEFC for faulty operation, it is hoped that control actions can be made to restore or maintain performance, and achieve the desired lifetime durability. This thesis presents fault detection and diagnosis approaches with the goal of isolating a range of component degradation modes from within the PEFC construction. Fault detection is achieved through residual analysis against an electrochemical model of healthy stack condition. An expert knowledge-based diagnostic approach is developed for fault isolation. This analysis is enabled through fuzzy logic calculations, which allows for computational reasoning against linguistic terminology and expert understanding of degradation phenomena. An experimental test bench has been utilised to test the health management processes, and demonstrate functionality. Through different steady-state and dynamic loading conditions, including a simulation of automotive application, diagnosis results can be observed for PEFC degradation cases. This research contributes to the areas of reliability analysis and health management of PEFC fuel cells. Established PEFC models have been updated to represent more accurately an application PEFC. The fuzzy logic knowledge-based diagnostic is the greatest novel contribution, with no examples of this application in the literature.
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Subbaraman, Ramachandran. "A multi-scale hierarchical approach for understanding the structure of the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) electrodes - from nanoparticales to composites." online version, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=case1205852564.

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Books on the topic "Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC)"

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N, Büchi Felix, Inaba Minoru 1961-, and Schmidt Thomas J, eds. Polymer electrolyte fuel cell durability. New York: Springer, 2009.

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Polymer Electrolyte Membrane And Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Technology. Woodhead Publishing, 2012.

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Hartnig, Christoph, and Christina Roth. Polymer electrolyte membrane and direct methanol fuel cell technology. Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9780857095473.

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Hartnig, Christoph, and Christina Roth. Polymer electrolyte membrane and direct methanol fuel cell technology. Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9780857095480.

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Book chapters on the topic "Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC)"

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Fontananova, Enrica. "Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC)." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1–2. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40872-4_861-1.

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Park, Jung Ock, and Suk-Gi Hong. "Design and Optimization of HT-PEMFC MEAs." In High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells, 331–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17082-4_16.

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Kramm, Ulrike I., Peter Bogdanoff, and Sebastian Fiechter. "Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEM-FC) polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and Non-noble Metal Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) non-noble metal catalysts for oxygen reduction." In Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, 8265–307. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_153.

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Yoon, Wonseok, Xinyu Huang, and Roham Solasi. "Experimental Validation of A Constitutive Model for Ionomer Membrane in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC)." In Experimental Mechanics on Emerging Energy Systems and Materials, Volume 5, 33–40. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9798-2_5.

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Vakouftsi, E., G. Marnellos, C. Athanasiou, and Frank A. Coutelieris. "Modeling of Flow and Transport Processes Occurred in a Typical Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC)." In Diffusion in Solids and Liquids III, 87–92. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-51-5.87.

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Zaidi, S. M. Javaid. "Research Trends in Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for PEMFC." In Polymer Membranes for Fuel Cells, 1–19. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-73532-0_2.

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Engl, Tom, Lorenz Gubler, and Thomas J. Schmidt. "Catalysts and Catalyst-Layers in HT-PEMFCs." In High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells, 297–313. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17082-4_14.

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Jörissen, Ludwig, and Jürgen Garche. "Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells." In Hydrogen and Fuel Cell, 239–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44972-1_14.

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Kwon, Kilsung, and Daejoong Kim. "Polymer Electrolyte Membrane and Methanol Fuel Cell." In Nanostructured Polymer Membranes, 209–49. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118831823.ch5.

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Wang, Yun, and Ken S. Chen. "Modeling of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel-Cell Components." In Fuel Cell Science and Engineering, 839–78. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527650248.ch30.

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Conference papers on the topic "Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC)"

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Banan, Roshanak, Jean W. Zu, and Aimy Bazylak. "Mechanical Damage Propagation in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells." In ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with the ASME 2012 6th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2012-91174.

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While significant advances in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology have taken place in the past decade, challenges still remain in the area of mechanical degradations [1]. Mechanical degradations and damage in PEMFCs including cracks and failure in the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) [2–5] can lead directly to fuel crossover, performance degradation, and reduced durability. It is therefore critical to identify and control the mechanisms that can contribute to damage initiation and propagation in the PEMFC. In this work, we investigate the damage propagation in the MEA, with a special focus on the gas diffusion layer (GDL)/catalyst layer (CL) and the membrane/CL interfaces. A numerical cohesive constitutive model is developed to explore the effect of geometry, the material properties of each component, and the location of the delamination on the propagation behaviour of through-plane delaminations.
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Kamarajugadda, Sai, and Sandip Mazumder. "Cathode Catalyst Layer Model for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-85952.

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The flooded agglomerate model has found prolific usage in modeling the oxygen reduction reaction within the cathode catalyst layer of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The assumption made in this model is that the ionomer-coated carbon-platinum agglomerate is spherical in shape and that the spheres are non-overlapping. This assumption is convenient because the governing equations lend themselves to closed-form analytical solution when a spherical shape is assumed. In reality, micrographs of the catalyst layer show that the agglomerates are best represented by sets of overlapping spheres of unequal radii. In this article, the flooded agglomerate is generalized by considering overlapping spheres of unequal radii. As a first cut, only two overlapping spheres are considered. The governing reaction-diffusion equations are solved numerically using the unstructured finite-volume method. The volumetric current density is extracted for various parametric variations, and tabulated. This sub-grid-scale generalized flooded agglomerate model is first validated and finally coupled to a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code for predicting the performance of the PEMFC. Results show that when the agglomerates are small (< 200 nm equivalent radius), the effect of agglomerate shape on the overall PEMFC performance is insignificant. For large agglomerates, on the other hand, the effect of agglomerate shape was found to be critical, especially for high current densities for which the mass transport resistance within the agglomerate is strongly dependent on the shape of the agglomerate, and was found to correlate well with the surface-to-volume ratio of the agglomerate.
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Wu, Yan Ling, Hee Joo Poh, Kah Wai Lum, and Xiu Qing Xing. "Numerical Study of Dead-End Micro Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell." In ASME 2008 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the Heat Transfer, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2008-55308.

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In this paper, 3D full size simulation on single cell dead-end micro PEMFC is carried out using Computational Fuel Cell Dynamics (CFDC) analysis. The active area in this Micro PEMFC is about 10 cm2, producing 1A of current under standard condition (25 °C and 1 atm). The dead end anode configuration is achieved by increasing the air flow rate well above stoichometric at the cathode to obtain the complete depletion of hydrogen at anode exit. It is also assumed that the presence of water is only in the vapor phase. Different types (single serpentine and triple serpentine) of gas channel design in dead-end anode are studied and results are compared. The polarization curves for both designs as well as contour plots for the different cell region are presented.
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Wang, Jingwen, Hani E. Naguib, and Aimy Bazylak. "Investigation of Electroactive Polymers for the PEMFC GDL." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2010-33168.

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In this work, electroactive polymers (EAPs) are introduced as novel materials for the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Polypyrrole (PPy) is selected as a promising EAP for the PEMFC. The fabrication procedures including the polymer solution preparation and the electro-chemical deposition process for producing a thin and porous PPy film are presented. The activation behavior of PPy thin film is observed, and the surface properties are analyzed.
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Sharma, Raghunandan, and Kamal K. Kar. "Carbon nanomaterials for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) cathode catalyst layer." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Nanotechnology for Better Living. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-09-7519-7nbl16-rps-48.

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Kakati, Biraj Kumar, Avijit Ghosh, and Anil Verma. "Graphene Reinforced Composite Bipolar Plate for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell." In ASME 2011 9th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2011-54661.

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Composite bipolar plates for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) were developed by compression molding technique using vinyl ester resin as a binder and natural graphite, carbon black, and carbon fiber as conductive reinforcements. The developed bipolar plates were characterized for electrical conductivity, flexural strength, deflection at mid-span, hydrogen permeability, and morphology. The in-plane and through-plane electrical conductivities of the composite bipolar plate (VER:25%;CB:5%;CF:5%;NG:65%) were 355.05 and 95.96 S·cm−1, respectively. The flexural strength of the same bipolar plate was 53.50 MPa with a deflection of 5.37%. The hydrogen permeability of the bipolar plate was in the order of 10−9 cm3·cm−1·s−1 at 50°C. The overall properties of the composite bipolar plate were found to achieve the benchmark set by USA-Department of Energy. However, the through-plane electrical conductivity of the above composite was edge below the target value. Therefore, graphene, being one of the most electrical conductive materials, has been reinforced into the composite bipolar plate. The results were very encouraging as 1% graphene reinforcement increased the in-plane and through-plane electrical conductivities of the bipolar plate by around 6 and 35%, respectively. The performance of a PEMFC was evaluated using the developed bipolar plate in in-situ condition.
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Luo, Hongze, Guntars Vaivars, Mkhulu Mathe, Shakes Nonjola, and Mark Rohwer. "Proton Conducting Membrane Prepared by Cross-Linking Highly Sulfonated Peek for PEMFC Application." In ASME 2009 7th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2009-85205.

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The proton conducting membrane was prepared by cross-linking highly sulfonated and sulfinated poly(etheretherketone) (SsPEEK). The cross-linked membrane is low cost due to its use of non-expensive chemical and simple production procedure. The membrane exhibited high proton conductivity (0.04 S/cm at 60 °C), extremely reduced water uptake, enhanced strength and stability compared with that of non-cross-linked membrane. These results suggested that the cross-linked PEEK membrane is a suitable candidate of proton conducting membranes for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) applications, particularly promising to be used in direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) due to its lower methanol crossover.
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Zhang, Xiaoyu, Joshua Preston, Ugur Pasaogullari, and Trent Molter. "Influence of Ammonia on Membrane-Electrode Assemblies in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells." In ASME 2009 7th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2009-85041.

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An experimental investigation of contamination of polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) membranes and catalyst layers with ammonia (NH3) is reported. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) scans and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analyses show that trace amounts of ammonia can significantly contaminate both the polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) and the catalyst layers. The results show that the catalyst layer contamination can be reversed under certain conditions, while the membrane recovery tends to be much slower, and permanent effects of ammonia contamination is observed. Mechanisms of contamination of the polymer electrolyte and catalyst layers, and performance degradation of the PEFC are also postulated.
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Fishman, Z., J. Hinebaugh, and A. Bazylak. "Anisotropic Porosity Profiles of PEMFC GDLs." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2010-33118.

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A first comparison is made of the anisotropic porosity profiles for various polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) gas diffusion layer (GDL) materials. Microscale computed tomography (μCT) imaging is performed for two main categories of commercially available GDL materials (carbon fibre paper and felt). The methodology to analyze the through-plane porosities for various materials is presented, and conclusions are drawn about the material pore structures. This work provides insight into both the internal GDL material properties for liquid water transport and the external GDL properties for droplet transport in a PEMFC gas channel.
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Litster, S., and N. Djilali. "An Analytical Model of the Membrane Electrode Assembly in a PEMFC." In ASME 2005 3rd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2005-74174.

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An analytical model of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEM) has been developed for investigating the effect of catalyst layer specifications. Emphasis is placed on the cathode catalyst layer, which is modeled using a finite-thickness formulation with parameters obtained from a variable-width macrohomogeneous model. The variable-width formulation accounts for the effect of changing catalyst layer specifications on the dimensions of the catalyst layer by assuming a constant void fraction. Interest in low-humidity operation of micro-fuel cells that are passively fed ambient air has facilitated the present derivations and assumptions. The model is shown to agree well with experimental data over a substantial range of catalyst layer specifications. In addition, the model shows excellent promise as a tool for optimizing catalyst layers in micro-fuel cells with passive ambient air breathing.
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Reports on the topic "Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC)"

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Dickinson, E. J. F. Review of methods for modelling two-phase phenomena in a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). National Physical Laboratory, September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47120/npl.mat93.

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Kim, Yu. Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Electrode Compositions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1756777.

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Mahadevan, Kathyayani. Economics of Direct Hydrogen Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1098144.

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Chu, Deryn, and Rongzhong Jiang. Comparative Studies of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Stacks and Single Cells. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada375122.

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Chu, Deryn, and Rongzhong Jiang. Simulation of Mass Transfer Process for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Stack. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada375286.

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Stringer, Steven F. High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Electrode Composition: Durable Fuel Cell Power under Anhydrous Conditions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1615642.

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Jiang, Rongshong, and Deryn Chu. Strip Cell Stack Design and Mass Transfer Phenomena in a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Stack. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada375261.

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Bose, Anima. Multi-Hybrid Power Vehicles with Cost Effective and Durable Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell and Li-ion Battery. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1121743.

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Thomas E. Springer. Task 1: Modeling Study of CO Effects on Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Anodes Task 2: Study of Ac Impedance as Membrane/Electrode Manufacturing Diagnostic Tool. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/758777.

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