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Journal articles on the topic 'Polymer liquids'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Shamsuri, Ahmad Adlie, Siti Nurul Ain Md. Jamil, and Khalina Abdan. "A Brief Review on the Influence of Ionic Liquids on the Mechanical, Thermal, and Chemical Properties of Biodegradable Polymer Composites." Polymers 13, no. 16 (2021): 2597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13162597.

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Biodegradable polymers are an exceptional class of polymers that can be decomposed by bacteria. They have received significant interest from researchers in several fields. Besides this, biodegradable polymers can also be incorporated with fillers to fabricate biodegradable polymer composites. Recently, a variety of ionic liquids have also been applied in the fabrication of the polymer composites. In this brief review, two types of fillers that are utilized for the fabrication of biodegradable polymer composites, specifically organic fillers and inorganic fillers, are described. Three types of

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2

Shamsuri, Ahmad Adlie, Siti Nurul Ain Md Jamil, and Khalina Abdan. "Processes and Properties of Ionic Liquid-Modified Nanofiller/Polymer Nanocomposites—A Succinct Review." Processes 9, no. 3 (2021): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9030480.

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Ionic liquids can typically be synthesized via protonation, alkylation, metathesis, or neutralization reactions. The many types of ionic liquids have increased their attractiveness to researchers for employment in various areas, including in polymer composites. Recently, ionic liquids have been employed to modify nanofillers for the fabrication of polymer nanocomposites with improved physicochemical properties. In this succinct review, four types of imidazolium-based ionic liquids that are employed as modifiers—specifically alkylimidazolium halide, alkylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, alkylim

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3

Demir, Baris, Gabriel Perli, Kit-Ying Chan, Jannick Duchet-Rumeau, and Sébastien Livi. "Molecular-Level Investigation of Cycloaliphatic Epoxidised Ionic Liquids as a New Generation of Monomers for Versatile Poly(Ionic Liquids)." Polymers 13, no. 9 (2021): 1512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13091512.

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Recently, a new generation of polymerised ionic liquids with high thermal stability and good mechanical performances has been designed through novel and versatile cycloaliphatic epoxy-functionalised ionic liquids (CEILs). From these first promising results and unexplored chemical structures in terms of final properties of the PILs, a computational approach based on molecular dynamics simulations has been developed to generate polymer models and predict the thermo–mechanical properties (e.g., glass transition temperature and Young’s modulus) of experimentally investigated CEILs for producing mu

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4

Dembelova, Tuyana, Yuri Baloshin, Yuri Barnakov, Vitalii Petranovskii, and Bair Damdinov. "Mechanical Properties of Viscous Liquids and Nanosuspensions." Solid State Phenomena 271 (January 2018): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.271.119.

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Following the fundamental work by Bazaron, Bulgadaev and Derjaguin [6] on the observation of shear elasticity of low viscous liquids, we build on this study by examining viscous liquids, polymers and suspensions of nanoparticles. In this paper, we review our past and current efforts in these areas. The mechanical properties of liquids, polymers and nanosuspensions have been studied at relatively low frequencies of 105 Hz. The real and imaginary shear moduli of these samples were obtained on equipment using the acoustic resonance technique. It was shown that the shear modulus and viscosity decr

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5

Kumar, Rajeev, Jyoti P. Mahalik, Kevin S. Silmore, et al. "Capacitance of thin films containing polymerized ionic liquids." Science Advances 6, no. 26 (2020): eaba7952. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba7952.

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Electrode-polymer interfaces dictate many of the properties of thin films such as capacitance, the electric field experienced by polymers, and charge transport. However, structure and dynamics of charged polymers near electrodes remain poorly understood, especially in the high concentration limit representative of the melts. To develop an understanding of electric field–induced transformations of electrode-polymer interfaces, we have studied electrified interfaces of an imidazolium-based polymerized ionic liquid (PolyIL) using combinations of broadband dielectric spectroscopy, specular neutron

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6

Polevaya, Viktoriya, Viktoriya Geiger, Galina Bondarenko, Sergey Shishatskiy, and Valeriy Khotimskiy. "Chemical Modification of Poly(1-Trimethylsylil-1-Propyne) for the Creation of Highly Efficient CO2-Selective Membrane Materials." Materials 12, no. 17 (2019): 2763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12172763.

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The work is devoted to the chemical modification of a polymer that is promising for the creation of gas separation membranes, aimed at increasing the selectivity with respect to CO2. The introduction of ionic liquids into the structure of poly(1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne) is realized by a two-step process: bromination of the initial polymer with N-bromosuccinimide and subsequent addition of tertiary amine (N-butylimidazole) to it. Depending on the process conditions, the method allows polymers with different contents of the ionic liquid to be obtained. The obtained polymers show good film-formi

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7

Wang, Yannan, Qidong Hou, Meiting Ju, and Weizun Li. "New Developments in Material Preparation Using a Combination of Ionic Liquids and Microwave Irradiation." Nanomaterials 9, no. 4 (2019): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9040647.

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During recent years, synthetic methods combining microwaves and ionic liquids became accepted as a promising methodology for various materials preparations because of their high efficiency and low energy consumption. Ionic liquids with high polarity are heated rapidly, volumetrically and simultaneously under microwave irradiation. Hence, combination of microwave irradiation as a heating source with ionic liquids with various roles (e.g., solvent, additive, template or reactant) opened a completely new technique in the last twenty years for nanomaterials and polymers preparation for application

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8

Giunta, Giuliana, and Paola Carbone. "Cross-over in the dynamics of polymer confined between two liquids of different viscosity." Interface Focus 9, no. 3 (2019): 20180074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2018.0074.

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Using molecular dynamics simulations, we analysed the polymer dynamics of chains of different molecular weights entrapped at the interface between two immiscible liquids. We showed that on increasing the viscosity of one of the two liquids the dynamic behaviour of the chain changes from a Zimm-like dynamics typical of dilute polymer solutions to a Rouse-like dynamics where hydrodynamic interactions are screened. We observed that when the polymer is in contact with a high viscosity liquid, the number of solvent molecules close to the polymer beads is reduced and ascribed the screening effect to

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9

Luo, Yingjie, Xiaoxia Huang, Shun Yao, Lincai Peng, Fulin Li, and Hang Song. "Synthesis of a New Imidazole Amino Acid Ionic Liquid Polymer and Selective Adsorption Performance for Tea Polyphenols." Polymers 12, no. 10 (2020): 2171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12102171.

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A series of imidazolium ionic liquid monomers with L-Proline anions (ViImCn-L-Pro and (ViIm)2Cn(L-Pro)2) were firstly synthesized, after which new copolymer materials were prepared by polymerization of the ionic liquid monomers with N,N′-methylene diacrylamide (MBA). Polymerization conditions, including the ratio of Ils(ViImCn-L-Pro or (ViIm)2Cn(L-Pro)2) and MBA, solvent, ionic liquids and initiator’s amount, were investigated and found to have an important effect on the adsorption capacity. Polymerization conditions were shown to have more significant impacts on adsorption capacities in the f

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10

Xiao, Shuqin, Cong Liu, Lie Chen, Licheng Tan, and Yiwang Chen. "Liquid-crystalline ionic liquids modified conductive polymers as a transparent electrode for indium-free polymer solar cells." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 44 (2015): 22316–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta06810j.

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11

Zhang, Chenghong, Bin He, Zhipeng Wang, Yanmin Zhou, and Aiguo Ming. "Application and Analysis of an Ionic Liquid Gel in a Soft Robot." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019 (May 2, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2857282.

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Due to their light weight, flexibility, and low energy consumption, ionic electroactive polymers have become a hotspot for bionic soft robotics and are ideal materials for the preparation of soft actuators. Because the traditional ionic electroactive polymers, such as ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs), contain water ions, a soft actuator does not work properly upon the evaporation of water ions. An ionic liquid polymer gel is a new type of ionic electroactive polymer that does not contain water ions, and ionic liquids are more thermally and electrochemically stable than water. These liqui

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12

Atlaskin, A. A., A. A. Andronova, and O. V. Kazarina. "Thermal Decomposition Characteristics of Poly((4-Vinylbenzyl) Trimethylammonium Bis (Trifluoromethanesulfonimide)) Studied by Pyrolysis-GS / MS." Key Engineering Materials 887 (May 2021): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.887.91.

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Over the past decades, significant advances have been made in the development and research of gas separation membranes based on ionic liquids (IL) and their polymer analogs (PIL) for membrane separation of "acid gases" such as CO2 and H2S from gas mixtures. Polymers containing various amino groups are of great interest for the selective separation of acid gases from gas mixtures, since ammonia and its derivatives are used in conventional purification. In this work, we have synthesized a monomeric ionic liquid based on 4 vinylbenzyl chloride with included triethylamine by the Menshutkin reactio

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13

Eshetu, Gebrekidan Gebresilassie, David Mecerreyes, Maria Forsyth, Heng Zhang, and Michel Armand. "Polymeric ionic liquids for lithium-based rechargeable batteries." Molecular Systems Design & Engineering 4, no. 2 (2019): 294–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8me00103k.

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14

Divya, Velpula, and M. V. Sangaranarayanan. "Electrodeposition of Polymer Nanostructures using Three Diffuse Double Layers: Polymerization beyond the Liquid/Liquid Interfaces." Electrochemical Energy Technology 4, no. 1 (2018): 6–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eetech-2018-0002.

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Abstract Nanostructured conducting polymers have received immense attention during the past few decades on account of their phenomenal usefulness in diverse contexts, while the interface between two immiscible liquids is of great interest in chemical and biological applications. Here we propose a novel Electrode(solid)/Electrolyte(aqueous)/Electrolyte(organic) Interfacial assembly for the synthesis of polymeric nanostructures using a novel concept of three diffuse double layers. There exist remarkable differences between the morphologies of the polymers synthesized using the conventional elect

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15

Chremos, Alexandros, and Jack F. Douglas. "Influence of Branching on the Configurational and Dynamical Properties of Entangled Polymer Melts." Polymers 11, no. 6 (2019): 1045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11061045.

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We probe the influence of branching on the configurational, packing, and density correlation function properties of polymer melts of linear and star polymers, with emphasis on molecular masses larger than the entanglement molecular mass of linear chains. In particular, we calculate the conformational properties of these polymers, such as the hydrodynamic radius R h , packing length p, pair correlation function g ( r ) , and polymer center of mass self-diffusion coefficient, D, with the use of coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. Our simulation results reproduce the phenomenology of s

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16

FREEMANTLE, MICHAEL. "DESIGNER LIQUIDS IN POLYMER SYSTEMS." Chemical & Engineering News 82, no. 18 (2004): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v082n018.p026.

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17

Long, Timothy E., Yossef A. Elabd, and Jiayin Yuan. "Ionic Liquids in Polymer Design." Macromolecular Rapid Communications 37, no. 14 (2016): 1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.201600255.

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18

Couchman, P. R., and K. E. Van Ness. "Surface tension of polymer liquids." Polymer Engineering and Science 27, no. 5 (1987): 324–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760270504.

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19

Huang, Qian, and Ole Hassager. "Polymer liquids fracture like solids." Soft Matter 13, no. 19 (2017): 3470–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7sm00126f.

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20

Stokes, Jason R., and David V. Boger. "Mixing of viscous polymer liquids." Physics of Fluids 12, no. 6 (2000): 1411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.870392.

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21

Venerus, David C. "Modeling Diffusion-Induced Bubble Growth in Polymer Liquids." Cellular Polymers 22, no. 2 (2003): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026248930302200202.

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Accurate modeling of diffusion-induced bubble growth is essential for the development of efficient polymer foaming processes. Consequently, a large number of transport models of this complex phenomena have been formulated. In most previous studies, one or more simplifying approximations have been invoked to reduce mathematical complexity. In this paper, we present and compare several models of bubble growth in liquids and examine the effects blowing agent concentration, liquid viscosity and elasticity on bubble growth dynamics. In addition, we compare predicted and measured bubble growth behav

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22

Kanematsu, Hideyuki, Atsuya Oizumi, Takaya Sato, et al. "Biofilm Formation of a Polymer Brush Coating with Ionic Liquids Compared to a Polymer Brush Coating with a Non-Ionic Liquid." Coatings 8, no. 11 (2018): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings8110398.

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N,N-diethyl-N-(2-methancryloylethy)-N-methylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide polymer (DEMM-TFSI) brush coated specimens (substrate: glasses) and a liquid ion type of polymer brush coating were investigated for their antifouling effect on biofilms. Biofilms were produced by two kinds of bacteria, E. coli and S. epidermidis. They were formed on specimens immersed into wells (of 12-well plates) that were filled with culture liquids and bacteria. The biofilm formation was observed. Also, brush coated specimens and glass substrates were investigated in the same way. DEMM polymer brush co

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23

Dell, Zachary E., and Kenneth S. Schweizer. "Intermolecular structural correlations in model globular and unconcatenated ring polymer liquids." Soft Matter 14, no. 45 (2018): 9132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sm01722k.

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We employ the field theoretic polymer integral equation theory to construct a segment-level theory for the pair structure and thermodynamics of dense liquids of simple globule and ring polymers. We find that the partially interpenetrating behavior of rings is reflected in a deeper correlation hole and in a limited number of neighbors, in stark contrast to chains.

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24

Vijayaraghavan, Ranganathan, and Douglas R. MacFarlane. "Charge Transfer Polymerization in Ionic Liquids." Australian Journal of Chemistry 57, no. 2 (2004): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch03236.

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Charge transfer (CT) polymerization of methyl methacrylate has been successfully carried out by employing n-butyl amine and carbon tetrachloride as CT initiators and hydroquinone as promoter in room-temperature ionic liquids (ILs) as solvents. The reaction rate and polymer yields at short reaction times are enhanced in the IL solvent compared to conventional solvents. The effect of various reaction conditions including concentration of amine, IL, and temperature have been studied. The polymers were characterized for thermal and molecular weight properties and compared with the conventional CT

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25

Rynkowska, Edyta, Kateryna Fatyeyeva, and Wojciech Kujawski. "Application of polymer-based membranes containing ionic liquids in membrane separation processes: a critical review." Reviews in Chemical Engineering 34, no. 3 (2018): 341–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revce-2016-0054.

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Abstract The interest in ionic liquids, particularly in polymerizable ionic liquids, is motivated by their unique properties, such as good thermal stability, negligible vapor pressure, and wide electrochemical window. Due to these features ionic liquids were proposed to be used in the membrane separation technology. The utilization of conventional ionic liquids is, however, limited by their release from the membrane during the given separation process. Therefore, the incorporation of polymerizable ionic liquids may overcome this drawback for the industrial application. This work is a comprehen

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26

Mazurkiewicz, J. H., P. C. Innis, G. G. Wallace, D. R. MacFarlane, and M. Forsyth. "Conducting Polymer Electrochemistry in Ionic Liquids." Synthetic Metals 135-136 (April 2003): 31–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0379-6779(02)00688-4.

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27

Archer, Lynden A. "Separability criteria for entangled polymer liquids." Journal of Rheology 43, no. 6 (1999): 1555–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1122/1.551060.

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28

Dee, Gregory T., and Bryan B. Sauer. "The surface tension of polymer liquids." Advances in Physics 47, no. 2 (1998): 161–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/000187398243546.

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29

Fuller, Gerald G. "Optical rheometry of multicomponent polymer liquids." Macromolecular Symposia 98, no. 1 (1995): 997–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.19950980190.

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30

Hartmann, Bruce, and Mustafa A. Haque. "Equation of state for polymer liquids." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 30, no. 4 (1985): 1553–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1985.070300420.

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31

Dudowicz, Jacek, Karl F. Freed, and Jack F. Douglas. "Fragility of Glass-Forming Polymer Liquids†." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 109, no. 45 (2005): 21350–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp053693k.

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32

Chen, Xiangji, Samantha McRae, Debasis Samanta, and Todd Emrick. "Polymer−Protein Conjugation in Ionic Liquids." Macromolecules 43, no. 15 (2010): 6261–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma101156e.

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33

Dee, G. T., and D. J. Walsh. "Equations of state for polymer liquids." Macromolecules 21, no. 3 (1988): 811–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00181a043.

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34

Schieber, Jay D. "Fluctuations in entanglements of polymer liquids." Journal of Chemical Physics 118, no. 11 (2003): 5162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1553764.

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35

Dee, Gregory T., and Bryan B. Sauer. "The surface tension of polymer liquids." Macromolecular Symposia 139, no. 1 (1999): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.19991390113.

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36

Bair, Scott. "Elastohydrodynamic Film Forming With Shear Thinning Liquids." Journal of Tribology 120, no. 2 (1998): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2834405.

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Recent advances in high pressure rheometry have elucidated the shear response of liquid lubricants at the high shear stress characteristic of the traction generating region of lubricated concentrated contacts. These new measurement techniques are used to characterize the shear response of shear thinning liquids at low (<10 MPa) shear stress. A recently developed numerical scheme for calculating film thickness is extended to accommodate sliding. Film thickness predictions are compared with measurements using shear thinning liquids including a polymer/mineral oil blend, a highly elastic liqui

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37

Yu, Xiaoliang, Xiaoyan Yuan, Zhengyi Xia, and Lixia Ren. "Self-assembly of magnetic poly(ionic liquid)s and ionic liquids in aqueous solution." Polymer Chemistry 9, no. 41 (2018): 5116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8py01254g.

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38

Dealy, John M. "Rheology of Molten Polymers." MRS Bulletin 16, no. 8 (1991): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400056281.

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The term “polymeric liquids” is used to describe both solutions of polymers and molten polymers. All polymeric liquids exhibit non-Newtonian flow behavior, including a shear stress-dependent viscosity and elasticity. However, concentrated solutions and melts of polymers whose molecular weights exceed a certain critical value (the “critical molecular weight for entanglement,” Mc) exhibit quite remarkable deviations from classical fluid behavior, especially marked elasticity. Among the remarkable rheological phenomena exhibited by these materials are elastic recoil and flow-induced an-isotropy.

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39

Romm, Freddy A., and Oleg L. Figovsky. "Statistical polymer method: Modeling of macromolecules and aggregates with branching and crosslinking, formed in random processes." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2, no. 3 (1998): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1026022698000181.

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The statistical polymer method is based on the consideration of averaged structures of all possible macromolecules of the same weight. One has derived equations allowing evaluation of all additive parameters of macromolecules and their systems. The statistical polymer method allows modeling of branched crosslinked macromolecules and their systems in equilibrium or non-equilibrium. The fractal consideration of statistical polymer allows modeling of all kinds of random fractal and other objects studied by fractal theory. The statistical polymer method is applicable not only to polymers but also

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40

Udabe, Esther, Maria Forsyth, Anthony Somers, and David Mecerreyes. "Metal-free coumarate based ionic liquids and poly(ionic liquid)s as corrosion inhibitors." Materials Advances 1, no. 4 (2020): 584–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ma00243g.

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Metal-free organic inhibitors that can be incorporated into a polymer coating have great potential, since they can add their intrinsic inhibition effect to the protective layer effect of a polymer coating.

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41

Levitsky, Semyon, and Rudolf Bergman. "Modeling of Polymeric Liquid Material Properties Effect on Pressure Transients in the Elastic Pipe." Materials Science Forum 990 (May 2020): 272–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.990.272.

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Material properties of polymeric liquids are of great importance for different technological processes. Particularly, such liquids demonstrate viscoelastic behavior in non-stationary transportation regimes, widely used in polymer processing, which influence the operation of the equipment. The paper is devoted to the modeling of pressure transient in a long thin-walled elastic tube with polymeric liquid. As distinct to previous results of the authors, material properties of the liquid are described by generalized Maxwell rheological equation accounting for a spectrum of relaxation times. It is

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42

O'Rourke, Mary Jane E., and Edwin L. Thomas. "Morphology and Dynamic Interaction of Defects in Polymer Liquid Crystals." MRS Bulletin 20, no. 9 (1995): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400034904.

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The liquid crystal phase is an anisotropic mesophase, intermediate in order between the liquid and crystal phases. Liquid crystals have less translational order than crystals and more rotational order than isotropic liquids. The liquid crystal phase does not support finite shear stresses and thus behaves like a fluid. Molecules that display a liquid crystal phase are referred to as mesogenic. Mesogenic molecules exhibit shape anisotropy: either large length to diameter ratio (needlelike) or large diameter to thickness ratio (disklike). Because of their shape anisotropy, all liquid crystals dis

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43

Poon, Louis, Jacob R. Hum, and Richard G. Weiss. "Neat Linear Polysiloxane-Based Ionic Polymers: Insights into Structure-Based Property Modifications and Applications." Macromol 1, no. 1 (2020): 2–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/macromol1010002.

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A diverse range of linear polysiloxane-based ionic polymers that are hydrophobic and highly flexible can be obtained by substituting the polymers with varying amounts of ionic centers. The materials can be highly crystalline solids, amorphous soft solids, poly(ionic) liquids or viscous polymer liquids. A key to understanding how structural variations can lead to these different materials is the establishment of correlations between the physical (dynamic and static) properties and the structures of the polymers at different distance scales. This short review provides such correlations by examin

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44

Gizelter, Rudolf. "Buildings Materials & Structures Based on Advanced Polymer Nanostructured Matrix." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 28 (February 2014): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.28.103.

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Development of manufacture of linear diene oligomers belonging to a liquid rubbers class with viscous liquids consistence allowed to create a new class of conglomerate polymer composite materials - rubber concrete (RubCon®). Rubber concrete is the advanced constructional material created for last years. It is polymer concrete with a unique set of physical-mechanical, chemical and technological properties which allow to obtain highly effective building structures and products on its basis.

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45

Balart, Rafael, Nestor Montanes, Franco Dominici, Teodomiro Boronat, and Sergio Torres-Giner. "Environmentally Friendly Polymers and Polymer Composites." Materials 13, no. 21 (2020): 4892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13214892.

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In the last decade, continuous research advances have been observed in the field of environmentally friendly polymers and polymer composites due to the dependence of polymers on fossil fuels and the sustainability issues related to plastic wastes. This research activity has become much more intense in the food packaging industry due to the high volume of waste it generates. Biopolymers are nowadays considered as among the most promising materials to solve these environmental problems. However, they still show inferior performance regarding both processability and end-use application. Blending

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46

WOODCOCK, JAMES D., JOHN E. SADER, and IVAN MARUSIC. "On the maximum drag reduction due to added polymers in Poiseuille flow." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 659 (July 27, 2010): 473–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112010003083.

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The addition of elastic polymers to turbulent liquids is known to produce significant drag reduction. In this study, we prove that the drag in pipe and channel flows of an unforced laminar fluid constitutes a lower bound for the drag of a fluid containing dilute elastic polymers. Further, the addition of elastic polymers to laminar fluids invariably increases drag. This proof does not rely on the adoption of a particular constitutive equation for the polymer force, and would also be applicable to other similar methods of drag reduction, which are also achieved by the addition of certain partic

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47

Liu, Yi, Yongfeng Liu, Ting Huo, et al. "Effect of the ionic liquid group in novel interpenetrating polymer networks on the adsorption properties for oleuropein from aqueous solutions." New Journal of Chemistry 39, no. 12 (2015): 9181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nj01475a.

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Combining the advantages of ionic liquids with interpenetrating polymer networks, a novel ionic liquid modified adsorbent (PS/PVIm) was prepared and then used to enrich oleuropein to investigate the interactive forces between the adsorbent and oleuropein.

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48

Fuller, Joan, Amy C. Breda, and Richard T. Carlin. "Ionic liquid–polymer gel electrolytes from hydrophilic and hydrophobic ionic liquids." Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 459, no. 1 (1998): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0728(98)00285-x.

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49

Sedláček, Jan, and Jiří Vohlídal. "Controlled and Living Polymerizations Induced with Rhodium Catalysts. A Review." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 68, no. 10 (2003): 1745–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20031745.

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In the last fifteen years, a large variety of specialty polymers of diverse chemical structure and functionality have been synthesized with the rhodium-based catalysts. The high tolerance to the reaction medium and functional groups of monomers, as well as ability to control various structure features of the polymer formed are typical properties of these catalysts. In addition, some rhodium catalysts can be anchored to inorganic or organic supports or dissolved in ionic liquids to form heterophase polymerization systems, which opens the way to pure, well-defined polymers free of the catalyst r

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Gaiser, Sandra, Urs Schütz, Patrick Rupper, and Dirk Hegemann. "Plasma Processing of Low Vapor Pressure Liquids to Generate Functional Surfaces." Molecules 25, no. 24 (2020): 6024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25246024.

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Abstract:

The concept of depositing solid films on low-vapor pressure liquids is introduced and developed into a top-down approach to functionalize surfaces by attaching liquid polyethylene glycol (PEG). Solid-liquid gradients were formed by low-pressure plasma treatment yielding cross-linking and/or deposition of a plasma polymer film subsequently bound to a flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) backing. The analysis via optical transmission spectroscopy (OTS), optical, confocal laser scanning (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectr

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