Relevant bibliographies by topics / Polymer microstructures

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Polymer microstructures'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 18 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Polymer microstructures"

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Talmon, Yeshayahu. "Cryo-TEM of amphiphilic polymer and amphiphile/polymer solutions." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 51 (August 1, 1993): 876–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100150216.

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To achieve complete microstructural characterization of self-aggregating systems, one needs direct images in addition to quantitative information from non-imaging, e.g., scattering or Theological measurements, techniques. Cryo-TEM enables us to image fluid microstructures at better than one nanometer resolution, with minimal specimen preparation artifacts. Direct images are used to determine the “building blocks” of the fluid microstructure; these are used to build reliable physical models with which quantitative information from techniques such as small-angle x-ray or neutron scattering can be analyzed.To prepare vitrified specimens of microstructured fluids, we have developed the Controlled Environment Vitrification System (CEVS), that enables us to prepare samples under controlled temperature and humidity conditions, thus minimizing microstructural rearrangement due to volatile evaporation or temperature changes. The CEVS may be used to trigger on-the-grid processes to induce formation of new phases, or to study intermediate, transient structures during change of phase (“time-resolved cryo-TEM”). Recently we have developed a new CEVS, where temperature and humidity are controlled by continuous flow of a mixture of humidified and dry air streams.
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Chang, Chih-Yuan. "Nonuniform Heating Method for Hot Embossing of Polymers with Multiscale Microstructures." Polymers 13, no. 3 (January 21, 2021): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13030337.

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The hot embossing of polymers is one of the most popular methods for replicating high-precision structures on thermoplastic polymer substrates at the micro-/nanoscale. However, the fabrication of hybrid multiscale microstructures by using the traditional isothermal hot embossing process is challenging. Therefore, in this study, we propose a novel nonuniform heating method for the hot embossing of polymers with multiscale microstructures. In this method, a thin graphene-based heater with a nonuniform heating function, a facility that integrates the graphene-based heater and gas-assisted hot embossing, and a roll of thermoplastic film are employed. Under appropriate process conditions, multiscale polymer microstructure patterns are fabricated through a single-step hot embossing process. The quality of the multiscale microstructure patterns replicated is uniform and high. The technique has great potential for the rapid and flexible fabrication of multiscale microstructure patterns on polymer substrates.
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Liu, Shengda, Jiayun Xu, Xiumei Li, Tengfei Yan, Shuangjiang Yu, Hongcheng Sun, and Junqiu Liu. "Template-Free Self-Assembly of Two-Dimensional Polymers into Nano/Microstructured Materials." Molecules 26, no. 11 (May 31, 2021): 3310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113310.

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In the past few decades, enormous efforts have been made to synthesize covalent polymer nano/microstructured materials with specific morphologies, due to the relationship between their structures and functions. Up to now, the formation of most of these structures often requires either templates or preorganization in order to construct a specific structure before, and then the subsequent removal of previous templates to form a desired structure, on account of the lack of “self-error-correcting” properties of reversible interactions in polymers. The above processes are time-consuming and tedious. A template-free, self-assembled strategy as a “bottom-up” route to fabricate well-defined nano/microstructures remains a challenge. Herein, we introduce the recent progress in template-free, self-assembled nano/microstructures formed by covalent two-dimensional (2D) polymers, such as polymer capsules, polymer films, polymer tubes and polymer rings.
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Zhang, Xiang, Jiang Ma, Ran Bai, Qian Li, Bing Li Sun, and Chang Yu Shen. "Polymer Micro Hot Embossing with Bulk Metallic Glass Mold Insert." Advanced Materials Research 510 (April 2012): 639–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.510.639.

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Polymer microstructures are used more and more in many fields. Hot embossing is one of molding processing to achieve micro polymer components. In this paper, bulk metallic glass was selected as mold material to fabricate mold insert of micro hot embossing. Traditional UV-lithography and ICP-etching were used to achieve micro features on silicon wafer. And then, micro features were transferred from silicon wafer to bulk metallic glass mold insert above its glass transition temperature. Finally, applied bulk metallic glass mold insert to replicate polymer microstructure with hot embossing. Three commonly used thermoplastic polymers: high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP) and polycarbonate (PC) were selected in this study. Experiments show that microstructures can have a good replication from bulk metallic glass mold insert to the thermoplastic polymer using hot embossing.
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Xiong, Miao, Jie-Yu Wang, and Jian Pei. "Controlling the Film Microstructure in Organic Thermoelectrics." Organic Materials 03, no. 01 (January 2021): 001–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1722305.

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Doping is a vital method to increase the charge carrier concentration of conjugated polymers, thus improving the performance of organic electronic devices. However, the introduction of dopants may cause phase separation. The miscibility of dopants and polymers as well as the doping-induced microstructure change are always the barriers in the way to further enhance the thermoelectrical performance. Here, recent research studies about the influence of molecular doping on the microstructures of conjugated polymers are summarized, with an emphasis on the n-type doping. Highlighted topics include how to control the distribution and density of dopants within the conjugated polymers by modulating the polymer structure, dopant structure, and solution-processing method. The strong Coulombic interactions between dopants and polymers as well as the heterogeneous doping process of polymers can hinder the polymer film to achieve better miscibility of dopants/polymer and further loading of the charge carriers. Recent developments and breakthroughs provide guidance to control the film microstructures in the doping process and achieve high-performance thermoelectrical materials.
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Klapperich, C., K. Komvopoulos, and L. Pruitt. "Nanomechanical Properties of Polymers Determined From Nanoindentation Experiments." Journal of Tribology 123, no. 3 (July 25, 2000): 624–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1330736.

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The nanomechanical properties of various polymers were examined in light of nanoindentation experiments performed with a diamond tip of nominal radius of curvature of about 20 μm under conditions of maximum contact load in the range of 150–600 μN and loading/unloading rates between 7.5 and 600 μN/s. The elastic modulus of each polymer was determined from the unloading material response using the compliance method, whereas the hardness was calculated as the maximum contact load divided by the corresponding projected area, obtained from the known tip shape function. It is shown that while the elastic modulus decreases with increasing indentation depth, the polymer hardness tends to increase, especially for the polymers possessing amorphous microstructures or less crystallinity. Differences in the material properties, surface adhesion, and time-dependent deformation behavior are interpreted in terms of the microstructure, crystallinity, and surface chemical state of the polymers. Results obtained at different maximum loads and loading rates demonstrate that the nanoindentation technique is an effective method of differentiating the mechanical behavior of polymeric materials with different microstructures.
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Feng, Yanfeng, Yan Lou, and Jun Shen. "Microstructure-Forming Mechanism of Optical Sheet Based on Polymer State Transition in Injection-Rolling Process." Polymers 13, no. 2 (January 6, 2021): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13020181.

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Polymeric optical sheets are significant components in large-scale display devices and are difficult to fabricate due to small size and high accuracy of large-area microstructures. As a newly developed molding technique, injection-rolling is capable of continuously and efficiently achieving large-area microstructures on the polymer surface with short time and high replication. However, the microstructure-forming mechanism during the injection-rolling process has not been fully understood. In this paper, a three-dimensional steady-state heat-flow coupling simulation model of the injection-rolling zone was established to obtain the distributions of the polymer state transition interfaces. According to the state transition interfaces, the entire microstructure-forming process was numerically simulated by dividing into filling and embossing stages to systematically analyze the effects of the polymer state transition interface on filling rate. After this, the relationship between process parameters such as injection temperature, rolling speed, and roll temperature and polymer state transition interface was investigated to develop a position prediction model of the state transition interface. In addition, the optical sheet injection-rolling experiments were also carried out to reveal that the filling rate of the microstructures on the optical sheet can be affected by varying the positions of the state transition interfaces. Therefore, the microstructure-forming mechanism could be revealed as theoretical guidance for the subsequent injection-rolling production with high quality and high efficiency.
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Argyros, Alexander. "Microstructures in Polymer Fibres for Optical Fibres, THz Waveguides, and Fibre-Based Metamaterials." ISRN Optics 2013 (February 12, 2013): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/785162.

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This paper reviews the topic of microstructured polymer fibres in the fields in which these have been utilised: microstructured optical fibres, terahertz waveguides, and fibre-drawn metamaterials. Microstructured polymer optical fibres were initially investigated in the context of photonic crystal fibre research, and several unique features arising from the combination of polymer and microstructure were identified. This lead to investigations in sensing, particularly strain sensing based on gratings, and short-distance data transmission. The same principles have been extended to waveguides at longer wavelengths, for terahertz frequencies, where microstructured polymer waveguides offer the possibility for low-loss flexible waveguides for this frequency region. Furthermore, the combination of microstructured polymer fibres and metals is being investigated in the fabrication of metamaterials, as a scalable method for their manufacture. This paper will review the materials and fabrication methods developed, past and current research in these three areas, and future directions of this fabrication platform.
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Li, Yi Gui, and Susumu Sugiyama. "Fabrication Multi-Layer Polymer Microstructures by X-Ray Lithography with Alignment." Materials Science Forum 663-665 (November 2010): 1016–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.663-665.1016.

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Poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA) and Poly L-lactic acid (PLLA) are transparent and they are suitable for optical purposes. The multi-layer polymer microfabrication can be applied for a large displacement actuator and precision sensors. A new method is intruduced to generate the multi-layer polymers microstructures by X-ray lithography with alignment. The function of X-ray on polymer materials are breaking the polymer main chain and generating intermediates which can be degraded further and finally dissolved by the solvent interaction. The method for polymer micromachining by using X-ray lithography with alignment for fabrication multi-layer micro polymer structures is confirmed experimentatively.
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Baum, Martina J., Lars Heepe, Elena Fadeeva, and Stanislav N. Gorb. "Dry friction of microstructured polymer surfaces inspired by snake skin." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 5 (July 21, 2014): 1091–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.5.122.

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The microstructure investigated in this study was inspired by the anisotropic microornamentation of scales from the ventral body side of the California King Snake (Lampropeltis getula californiae). Frictional properties of snake-inspired microstructured polymer surface (SIMPS) made of epoxy resin were characterised in contact with a smooth glass ball by a microtribometer in two perpendicular directions. The SIMPS exhibited a considerable frictional anisotropy: Frictional coefficients measured along the microstructure were about 33% lower than those measured in the opposite direction. Frictional coefficients were compared to those obtained on other types of surface microstructure: (i) smooth ones, (ii) rough ones, and (iii) ones with periodic groove-like microstructures of different dimensions. The results demonstrate the existence of a common pattern of interaction between two general effects that influence friction: (1) molecular interaction depending on real contact area and (2) the mechanical interlocking of both contacting surfaces. The strongest reduction of the frictional coefficient, compared to the smooth reference surface, was observed at a medium range of surface structure dimensions suggesting a trade-off between these two effects.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Polymer microstructures"

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Nagarajan, Pratapkumar. "Rapid production of polymer microstructures." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26539.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Polymer, Textile and Fiber Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Dr. Donggang Yao; Committee Member: Dr. John.Muzzy; Committee Member: Dr. Karl Jacob; Committee Member: Dr. Wallace W. Carr; Committee Member: Dr. Youjiang Wang. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Tonry, Catherine Elizabeth Henzell. "Computational electrohydrodynamics for fabricating polymer microstructures." Thesis, University of Greenwich, 2015. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/18149/.

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The aim of the work presented in this thesis is the development of two computational models of two processes that can be used to shape molten polymers on a micro-scale, namely Electrohydrodynamic Induced Patterning (EHDIP) and Electric Field Assisted Capillarity (EFAC). These related processes both use the dielectric forces at the interface between a polymer and another dielectric such as air. When the molten polymers are placed in a shaped electric field the imbalance in these dielectric forces causes the polymer to flow in a controlled way creating shapes in the polymer melt, this is the basis for the EHDIP process. The shaped electric field is controlled by the morphology of the top mask which acts as an electrode. This process is further extended by introducing a heavily wetted surface on the top mask which results in capillary forces that cause the polymer melt to coat the top mask creating a fully enclosed shape. This process can be used to create enclosed micro-channels or micro-capsules. Thus results and discussion presented herein highlight several possible application routes for industrial manufacturing. The process is discussed here for microstructures of 1 µm to 200 µm in size. The range at which the processes work is not fully understood, however the EHDIP process has been shown to work at a nanoscale producing structures around 100 nm in size. From a comprehensive literature review, the underlying theory and mechanisms of this process were identified and the governing equations derived. Computational models were developed based on the underlying physics. These models were initially developed in PHYSICA version 3g and later they were implemented into COMSOL Multiphysics as the latter proved to be more stable. The results from the computational models were compared to the limited experimental data available. The results from the computational models show that the mask shape was found to have the largest effect on the final structure of the shaped poly-mer. Due to capillary forces the shape of the microstructure at the top mask mimics the shape of the mask. In the lower section of the enclosed microstructure there is a force balance between surface tension, dielectric forces and internal pressure, giving a rounded morphology. Furthermore, by wetting the lower mask, flat bottomed structures can be produced. By both shaping and wetting the lower mask the shape of the microstructure can be even further modified. However, sharp cornered masks are unsuitable for this process. The effects of other key parameters such as air gap, contact angle, polymer permittivity and applied voltage were investigated through a sensitivity analysis. Changing the permittivity is shown to have an effect on the final microstructure. The change is small; however the permittivity does affect the speed of the process. The contact angle between the top mask and the polymer modifies the thickness of the polymer at the top of the structures. Increasing the contact angle causes a decrease in polymer thickness due to a reduction in the capillary force. The depth of the structures can be altered by changing the air gap; hence a larger air gap gives a deeper structure. The initial polymer thickness has no effect on the top of the structure but determines the thickness, shape and curvature of the lower part of the structure. The applied voltage controls the electrostatic forces and hence the speed of the process. For a low voltage the electrostatic forces are not strong enough to initiate the process and an enclosed microstructure does not form. If the voltage is too high, the structure forms quickly and bubbles can be entrapped at the top mask. With the correct mask shapes the processes can produce a wide variety of microstructures. These would have a wide range of applications either in the communications sector as fibre-optical wave-uides or in the biomedical sector as microstructures used in BioMEMS. Further development of the process is required to ensure that the process can be controlled. The models presented here are initial investigations of this but further experimental work is required along with the expansion of the model into three-dimensions.
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Dirckx, Matthew E. "Demolding of hot embossed polymer microstructures." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/61520.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2010.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 219-229).
Polymer-based microfluidic "lab on a chip" technology promises to reduce cost and extend access to medical diagnostic tests that formerly required expensive and labor-intensive lab work. The predominant methods for manufacturing these devices are miniaturized molding processes including casting, injection molding, and hot embossing. These techniques have in common the use of a mold to define the shape of functional features (fluidic channels), the separation of the part from the mold as a process step (demolding), and the intended re-use of the mold to produce additional parts. The demolding step in particular poses significant challenges for mass production. Demolding affects several issues including production rate, part quality, and mold lifetime, and demolding-related defects are frequently observed. Despite its importance, there has been no comprehensive effort to analyze demolding theoretically or experimentally. This thesis aims to deepen the understanding of demolding of polymer microstructures in order to facilitate mass manufacturing of polymer-based devices with micro-scale functional features, such as microfluidic chips. A theory of demolding mechanics has been proposed that combines the effects of thermal stress, friction, and adhesion in a unified framework. A metric by which demolding can be characterized experimentally--the demolding work--has been proposed by analogy with interfacial fracture and has been related to underlying physical mechanisms. Finite element simulations based on this theory of demolding have been performed to investigate the effects of important parameters, including demolding temperature and feature geometry. A test method for characterizing demolding by directly measuring the demolding work for individual microstructures has been developed and applied to hot embossing to study the effects of process parameters such as demolding temperature, the effects of feature geometry and layout, and the impacts of mitigation strategies such as low-adhesion mold coatings. The results of these demolding experiments broadly agree with expected trends based on the theory of demolding mechanics proposed herein. A dimensionless parameter aggregating the effects of feature geometry and layout has been identified and related to the occurrence of demolding-related defects, the demolding process window, and the demolding temperature that minimizes the demolding work. These findings have been generalized to provide processing and design guidance for industrial application of polymer micro-molding.
by Matthew E. Dirckx.
Ph.D.
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Koucky, Michael Harten. "PIEZOELECTRIC POLYMER MICROSTRUCTURES FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1238080858.

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Rowland, Harry Dwight. "Thermomechanical Manufacturing of Polymer Microstructures and Nanostructures." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14642.

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Molding is a simple manufacturing process whereby fluid fills a master tool and then solidifies in the shape of the tool cavity. The precise nature of material flow during molding has long allowed fabrication of plastic components with sizes 1 mm 1 m. Polymer molding with precise critical dimension control could enable scalable, inexpensive production of micro- and nanostructures for functional or lithographic use. This dissertation reports experiments and simulations on molding of polymer micro- and nanostructures at length scales 1 nm 1 mm. The research investigates two main areas: 1) mass transport during micromolding and 2) polymer mechanical properties during nanomolding at length scales 100 nm. Measurements and simulations of molding features of size 100 nm 1 mm show local mold geometry modulates location and rate of polymer shear and determines fill time. Dimensionless ratios of mold geometry, polymer thickness, and bulk material and process properties can predict flow by viscous or capillary forces, shape of polymer deformation, and mold fill time. Measurements and simulations of molding at length scales 100 nm show the importance of nanoscale physical processes distinct from bulk during mechanical processing. Continuum simulations of atomic force microscope nanoindentation accurately model sub-continuum polymer mechanical response but highlight the need for nanoscale material property measurements to accurately model deformation shape. The development of temperature-controlled nanoindentation enables characterization of nanoscale material properties. Nanoscale uniaxial compression and squeeze flow measurements of glassy and viscoelastic polymer show film thickness determines polymer entanglement with cooperative polymer motions distinct from those observed in bulk. This research allows predictive design of molding processes and highlights the importance of nanoscale mechanical properties that could aid understanding of polymer physics.
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Yao, Hongyang. "Microstructures of poly(vinyl acetate) studied by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy." W&M ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623911.

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Carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy was used to investigate the microstructures of poly(vinyl acetate) prepared by solution polymerization in benzene. A series of aromatic compounds was synthesized in order to model the structures formed via chain transfer to solvent. The peaks near 126.5 and 128.5 ppm in the spectra of the polymer samples were assigned to a 1-phenyl-(2n + 1)-multi-acetoxyalkane (where n = 1, 2, 3, etc.) microstructure. The concentration of that structure obtained from NMR spectra was correlated with the concentration calculated from reported kinetic data.;Chain transfer to benzene was shown to occur by addition of the macroradical to benzene, followed by rearomatization involving loss of a hydrogen atom. No evidence was obtained for a transfer mechanism involving hydrogen abstraction from benzene, and the copolymerization of benzene with vinyl acetate also was shown to be absent. The transfer mechanism actually established accounts for the unexpectedly large transfer constant of benzene in vinyl acetate polymerization. General mechanisms are proposed for the solution polymerization of vinyl acetate in aromatic solvents.
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Laslau, Cosmin. "Novel fabrication and characterization methods for conducting polymer nanostructures and microstructures." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/19604.

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To develop devices based on conducting polymers for the benefit of humanity - such as, for example, artificial muscles and lab-on-a-chip diagnostics - we require the ability to reliably fabricate and understand these materials at the micro and nano scales. In this thesis I present research towards that goal, by developing novel experimental techniques for the fabrication and characterization of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and polyaniline (PANI), two prominent conducting polymers. Many of the strategies presented herein are based on miniaturized pipettes driven by scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM), with some complementary techniques also explored. I begin this thesis work by describing the construction of a low-cost SICM, and its further development to include novel modifications that enable its application to conducting polymers. One of these is the first SICM-based measurement of the ion flux that underpins PEDOT actuation, an important issue in artificial muscles and micropumps. Another is the first electrochemical fabrication of microscale PEDOT and PANI structures and arrays. This approach is then extended to map the activity of the resulting microstructures using modified SICM-based protocols. For example, it is demonstrated that pipette-defined cyclic voltammetry can yield highly localized characterization of microstructures, an important topic for biosensor applications. Indeed, this technique is demonstrated herein for the characterization of a PEDOT nanowire based DNA sensor. Finally, complementary studies on PANI nanostructures are also presented. The first synchrotron radiation studies of PANI nanotube self-assembly is undertaken, revealing crystallinity at critical early stages of the reaction. Furthermore, focused ion beam and electron microscopy techniques are used to perform studies on the electrical properties on individual PANI nanostructures. Both of these have relevance for potential integration with the aforementioned SICM-based techniques. Altogether, these methodological innovations and resulting findings represent significant advances in the burgeoning field of pipette-localized conducting polymer fabrication and characterization. I conclude the thesis with implications discussed for future fundamental research and device applications.
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JIANG, TAO. "ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES AND MICROSTRUCTURES OF AMORPHOUS SICN CERAMICS DERIVED FROM POLYMER PRECURSORS." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2988.

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Polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs) are a new class of high-temperature materials synthesized by thermal decomposition of polymeric precursors. These materials possess many unique features as compared with conventional ceramics synthesized by powder metallurgy based processing. For example, PDCs are neither amorphous nor crystalline. Instead, they possess nano-domain structures. Due to the direct chemical-to-ceramic processing, PDCs can be used for making components and devices with complex shapes. Thus, understanding the properties and structures of these materials are of both fundamental and practical interest. In this work, the structures and electronic behavior of polymer-derived amorphous silicon carbonitrides (SiCNs) were investigated. The materials were synthesized by pyrolysis of a commercially available liquid precursor. Ceramic materials with varied structures/properties were successfully synthesized by modifying the precursor and using different pyrolysis temperatures. The structures of the obtained materials were studied using XRD, solid state NMR, EPR, FTIR and Raman Spectroscope. The electronic behavior of the materials was investigated by measuring I-V curves, Hall effects, temperature dependent conductivity. The experiments were also performed to measure UV-Visible absorption and dielectric properties of the materials. This work leads to the following significant progresses: (i) developed quantitative technique for measuring free carbon concentration; (ii) achieved better understanding of the electronic conduction mechanisms and measured electronic structures of the materials for the first time; and (iii) demonstrated that these materials possess unusual dielectric behavior and provide qualitative explanations.
Ph.D.
Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Materials Science & Engr PhD
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Prystaj, Laurissa Alia. "Effect of carbon filler characteristics on the electrical properties of conductive polymer composites possessing segregated network microstructures." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31667.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Rosario Gerhardt; Committee Member: Gleb Yushin; Committee Member: Hamid Garmestani. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Woelfle, Caroline. "Study of Nanoparticle/Polymer Composites: I) Microstructures and Nonlinear Optical Solutions Based on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Polymers and II) Optical Properties of Quantum Dot/Polymer Composites." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26657.

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The overall research theme of this dissertation was the study of nanoparticle/polymer composites. Two types of nanoparticles were utilized: Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and quantum dots. Chapter 1 of this thesis comprises an extensive literature review on Carbon Nanotubes, which presents theoretical aspects relevant to the structure and properties of CNTs, methods of purifying and solubilizing CNTs in aqueous and organic solvents and selected applications. This literature review is followed by the study and comparison of the optical limiting performances of different Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes/conjugated polymer dispersions (Chapter 2). The results obtained are discussed in terms of dispersion of the SWNTs in the polymer solutions and resulting SWNT bundle diameters. Chapter 3 presents the spontaneous assembly of dendrimer patterns induced by SWNTs. Finally, chapter 4 presents a new method for fabricating quantum dot/polymer composites, which uses the extraction of positively charged quantum dot into a hydrophobic liquid. The resulting solution is used as a compatible polymerization medium for poly(methylmethacrylate ) networks enabling the formation of transparent and fluorescent composites.
Ph. D.
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Books on the topic "Polymer microstructures"

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Large, Maryanne C. J., Leon Poladian, Geoff W. Barton, and Martijn A. van Eijkelenborg. Microstructured Polymer Optical Fibres. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-68617-2.

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Whiskens, Mark Anthony. Polymer microstructure and modelling of polymer conformations. [s.l.]: typescript, 1991.

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Koenig, Jack L. Chemical microstructure of polymer chains. Malabar, Fla: R.E. Krieger Pub. Co., 1990.

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Tonelli, Alan E. NMR spectroscopy and polymer microstructure: The conformational connection. New York, N.Y: VCH, 1989.

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Tsukruk, Vladimir V., and Kathryn J. Wahl, eds. Microstructure and Microtribology of Polymer Surfaces. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2000-0741.

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Polymer interfaces: Structure and strength. Munich: Hanser Publishers, 1994.

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Singh, Jag J. Microstructural characterization of polymers by positron lifetime spectroscopy. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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Boudet, Alain Michel. Voyage au cœur de la matière plastique: Les microstructures des polymères. Paris: CNRS Editions, 2003.

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J, Karger-Kocsis, ed. Nano- and micromechanics of polymer blends and composites. Cincinnati, Ohio: Hanser, 2009.

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Micro- and nanostructured polymer systems: From synthesis to applications. Toronto: Apple Academic Press, 2015.

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Book chapters on the topic "Polymer microstructures"

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Tonelli, Alan, and Jialong Shen. "Polymer Chemistry or the Detailed Microstructures of Polymers." In Conformations, 9–18. Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2020]: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22496-2.

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Unertl, W. N., and X. Jin. "Atomic Force Microscopy of Polymer Surfaces." In Mechanical Properties and Deformation Behavior of Materials Having Ultra-Fine Microstructures, 581–86. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1765-4_42.

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Tonelli, Alan, and Jialong Shen. "Experimental Determination of Polymer Microstructures with 13C-NMR Spectroscopy." In Conformations, 57–107. Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2020]: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22496-4.

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Güttler, W., and M. Schwoerer. "Microstructures and Polymer Chain Length in Diacetylene Single Crystals." In Polydiacetylenes, 77–85. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2713-6_5.

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Koopmans, R. J. "Development of an Advanced Rheological Tool for Polymer Melt Processing." In Microstructures, Mechanical Properties and Processes - Computer Simulation and Modelling, 196–201. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527606157.ch31.

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Baldacchini, T., C. N. LaFratta, R. A. Farrer, A. C. Pons, J. Pons, M. J. Naughton, B. E. A. Saleh, M. C. Teich, and J. T. Fourkas. "Toward the Fabrication of Hybrid Polymer/Metal Three-Dimensional Microstructures." In Springer Series in Chemical Physics, 807–9. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27213-5_246.

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Binetruy, Christophe, Francisco Chinesta, and Roland Keunings. "Flows of Simple Fluids in Complex Microstructures: Composite Processing of Structural Polymer Composites." In Flows in Polymers, Reinforced Polymers and Composites, 109–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16757-2_3.

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Krishnan, G. Santhana. "Pyrolysis and Thermal Stability of Carbon Fiber Polymer Precursors with Different Microstructures." In ACS Symposium Series, 169–87. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2014-1173.ch008.

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Crompton, T. R. "Polymer Microstructure." In Practical Polymer Analysis, 437–505. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2874-6_10.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Microstructure." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 462. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_7489.

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Conference papers on the topic "Polymer microstructures"

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Klejwa, N., R. Misra, J. Provine, S. J. Klejwa, M. Zhang, S. X. Wang, and R. T. Howe. "Laser-printed magnetic-polymer microstructures." In TRANSDUCERS 2009 - 2009 International Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Conference. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sensor.2009.5285826.

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Korivi, N. S., S. Yellampalli, and L. Jiang. "Doped Polymer Microstructures and Devices." In 2008 40th Southeastern Symposium on System Theory (SSST). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ssst.2008.4480229.

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Yao, Donggang, Allen Y. Yi, Lei Li, and Pratapkumar Nagarajan. "Two-Station Embossing Process for Rapid Fabrication of Polymer Microstructures." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-80482.

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The hot embossing technique is becoming an increasingly important alternative to silicon-and glass-based microfabrication technologies. The advantage of hot embossing can be mainly attributed to the versatile properties and mass production capability of polymeric materials. However, because of the use of a large mass in thermal cycling, hot embossing is subject to substantially longer cycle times than those in traditional thermoplastic molding processes.1 The longer dwell time at elevated temperatures could further result in degradation of the embossing polymer, especially for thermally sensitive polymers. The problem exacerbates when thick polymer substrates are used. To address this problem, rapid thermal cycling of the tool is needed. One method for rapid thermal cycling is to employ a low-thermal-mass multilayer mold with electrical heating elements installed right beneath the mold surface.2 This method, however, is complex in nature and may be prone to problems caused by mismatching of thermal and mechanical properties between different layers.
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Filipponi, Luisa, Kristi L. Hanson, Abraham P. Lee, and Dan V. Nicolau. "Polymer microstructures for cellular growth studies." In Smart Materials, Nano-, and Micro-Smart Systems, edited by Dan V. Nicolau. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.584143.

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Xu, Hongyi, Ruoqian Liu, Alok Choudhary, and Wei Chen. "A Machine Learning-Based Design Representation Method for Designing Heterogeneous Microstructures." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-34570.

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In designing microstructural materials systems, one of the key research questions is how to represent the microstructural design space quantitatively using a descriptor set that is sufficient yet small enough to be tractable. Existing approaches describe complex microstructures either using a small set of descriptors that lack sufficient level of details, or using generic high order microstructure functions of infinite dimensionality without explicit physical meanings. We propose a new machine learning-based method for identifying the key microstructure descriptors from vast candidates as potential microstructural design variables. With a large number of candidate microstructure descriptors collected from literature covering a wide range of microstructural material systems, a 4-step machine learning-based method is developed to eliminate redundant microstructure descriptors via image analyses, to identify key microstructure descriptors based on structure-property data, and to determine the microstructure design variables. The training criteria of the supervised learning process include both microstructure correlation functions and material properties. The proposed methodology effectively reduces the infinite dimension of the microstructure design space to a small set of descriptors without a significant information loss. The benefits are demonstrated by an example of polymer nanocomposites optimization. We compare designs using key microstructure descriptors versus using empirically-chosen microstructure descriptors to validate the proposed method.
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Wang, Yancheng, Chenyang Han, Deqing Mei, and Chengyao Xu. "Localized Microstructures Fabrication Through Standing Surface Acoustic Wave and User-Defined Waveguides." In ASME 2019 14th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2019-2879.

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Abstract Polymer-based substrates with patterned microstructure on the surfaces, e.g., cell culturing scaffolds, have been utilized in biomedical applications. This paper develops a novel method to fabricate the localized microstructure on the polymer-based substrate with the assistance of standing surface acoustic wave (SAW) and user-defined acoustic waveguides. The specific designed acoustic waveguides can localize the standing acoustic waves and transmit to the liquid film and excite patterned microstructures on the surface, then using ultraviolet (UV) to solidify the substrate with patterned microstructures. The structural design and fabrication of the SAW device and three different shaped acoustic waveguides are presented. Then, experimental setup and procedures to verify the polymer-substrate with localized microstructures fabrication are performed. By using the different shape of the acoustic waveguides, several types of patterned microstructures with different morphologies are successfully fabricated. Results demonstrated that the proposed fabrication method is an effective way to fabricate polymer-based substrate with localized patterned microstructures, which may have potential in the research on tissue engineering, cell-cell interaction, and other biomedical applications.
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Liao, H., E. Beche, C. Coddet, and F. Berger. "On the Microstructures of Thermally Sprayed “Peek” Polymer." In ITSC 1998, edited by Christian Coddet. ASM International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1998p0025.

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Abstract Polymer coatings find increasing interest for anticorrosion applications and others. Thanks to its extraordinary properties (high chemical stability, low creep rate and good electrical resistivity at relatively high temperature) PEEK (Polyetheretherketone) polymer is now considered as a challenging matierial. In this work, PEEK polymer powder was thermally sprayed with different processes. Particle impacts were observed and coating was analyzed by infrared spectrometry. The temperature of the substrate was shown to play an important role in the formation of dense and continuous coatings. Thermal degradation during spraying produces new carbonyl species due to chain scissions; but the amount of decomposition could be controlled from the choice of spraying conditions.
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Reuter, D., A. Bertz, T. Werner, M. Nowack, and T. Gessner. "Thin Filmencapsulation of microstructures using Sacrificial CF-Polymer." In TRANSDUCERS 2007 - 2007 International Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sensor.2007.4300138.

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Simon, M., V. Nazmov, E. Reznikova, A. Last, J. Mohr, P. J. Jakobs, V. Saile, et al. "Refractive x-ray optics made from polymer microstructures." In SPIE Photonics Europe, edited by Hugo Thienpont, Peter Van Daele, Jürgen Mohr, and Hans Zappe. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.858894.

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Geschke, Oliver, Martin F. Jensen, Gerardo Perozziello, Frederik Bundgaard, Christian B. Nielsen, and Leif H. Christensen. "Polymer microstructures: are they applicable as optical components?" In Optics East, edited by Linda A. Smith and Daniel Sobek. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.578210.

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Reports on the topic "Polymer microstructures"

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Dillon, Gregory P. Influence of Prepreg Microstructures on Structural Performance of Polymer Matrix Composites. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada437260.

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Libera, Matthew R. Transmission Electron Holography of Polymer Microstructure. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada344467.

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Uhlmann, D. R. Microstructure of Ceramics Derived from Organo-Metallic Polymers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada190099.

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Tehrani, Ardeshir H. Microstructure-Based Computational Modeling of Mechanical Behavior of Polymer Micro/Nano Composites. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada597580.

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Martin, C. R., Z. Cai, L. S. Van Dyke, and W. Liang. Template Synthesis of Conducting Polymers - Enhanced Conductivity, Enhanced Supermolecular Order, Interesting Microstructures. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada229931.

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Wang, Michael. Photonic Band Gap Structures on Polymer Materials for Microstructure Waveguides and High-Speed Interconnects. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada294119.

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Clark, Elizabeth J. Molecular and microstructural factors affecting mechanical properties of polymeric cover plate materials. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.ir.85-3197.

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Uchida, Makoto, Yuko Fukuoka, and Yasushi Sugawara. Effects of microstructure on carbon support in the catalyst layer on the performance of polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/460305.

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Boyce, Mary C., and Edwin L. Thomas. Defense University Research Initiative on Nanotechnology: Microstructure, Processing and Mechanical Performance of Polymeric Nanocomposites. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada472407.

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Researchers Demonstrate Microstructure and Charge Yield in Semiconducting Polymers (Fact Sheet), NREL Highlights, Science. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1035397.

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