Relevant bibliographies by topics / Polymer quenchants

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Polymer quenchants'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Polymer quenchants"

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Przyłęcka, Małgorzata, and Wojciech Gęstwa. "The Possibility of Correlation of Hardening Power for Oils and Polymers of Quenching Mediums." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2009 (2009): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/843281.

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There are many literature references comparing the use of aqueous polymer quenching solutions with petroleum oil quenchants for a wide range of steels of varying hardenability and the relating parameters of describing properties of the quenching mediums. There are relatively little similar relating correlations between parameters of describing properties of the different quenching mediums. The quenchants used included: conventional quenching oil, martempering oil, and 5% and 25% aqueous polymer quenchant solutions (APQSs) of a polymer quenchant. These quenching media were selected to represent a broad range of quench severities as quantified by cooling curve analysis (ASTM D 6482) using a standard Inconel 600 probe and the Tensi Agitation Device. The test of correlation conducted between the Hardening Power parameters according to examples of oils and polymers. The enable work results in applying the Hardening Power independently from equation calculated for different quenching mediums and their work parameters.
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Chen, Nai Lu, Wei Min Zhang, Chang Yin Gao, Bo Liao, and Jian Sheng Pan. "The Effects of Probe Geometric Shape on the Cooling Rate Curves Obtained from Different Quenchants." Solid State Phenomena 118 (December 2006): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.118.227.

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In order to investigate the effects of probe geometric shape on cooling curves of quenchants, the ISO Inconel 600 alloy probe and a flat probe (Dimension: 120 mm × 120 mm × 20mm, phase-transformation free CrNi-steel) were both adopted to measure the cooling curves of oil, water and aqueous polymer quenchant. By comparing and analyzing the cooling rate curves measured by the two kinds of probes, it can be found that the shape of water and oil’s cooling rate curves obtained using different probes are almost same. While those for the aqueous polymer quenchant are not, especially at the initial cooling phase. During the initial cooling phase the cooling rate measured by the flat probe fluctuates in a narrow range, whereas this phenomenon couldn’t be seen while using the ISO Inconel 600 alloy probe. The reason could be contributed to the geometric shape difference of the two kinds of probes and the property of inverse solubility of the aqueous polymer quenchant. In order to illustrate the inverse solubility property of the aqueous polymer quenchants the probe geometric shape should be considered.
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Pai, Ashwin, U. Vignesh Nayak, K. M. Pranesh Rao, and K. Narayan Prabhu. "Wetting Kinetics and Cooling Performance of PAG Polymer Quenchants." Materials Science Forum 830-831 (September 2015): 156–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.830-831.156.

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The present research work is aimed at the estimation of quench severity Polyalkylene Glycol (PAG) polymer quenchants having varying concentrations. An Inconel600 probe instrumented with thermocouples was used for this purpose. The thermal history at various locations in the probe was used as an input to the inverse heat conduction model. The inverse analysis yields spatially dependent heat flux transients. The quench severity was assessed using the Grossmann technique. The wetting kinematics of quenching was studied by cooling curve analysis. The severity of quenching as measured by the Grossmann’s technique was found to be higher for polymer quenchants. However, the heat flux transients estimated by the inverse technique and rewetting times measured form the cooling curve analysis suggested comparable and uniform heat transfer with polymer quenchants compared to water quenchants.
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Bozhko, G. T., G. V. Izotov, A. A. Ershov, T. D. Zhukova, and N. I. Polyanskaya. "New aspects of the study of polymer quenchants." Metal Science and Heat Treatment 35, no. 5 (May 1993): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00780591.

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Goryushin, V. V., and S. Yu Shevchenko. "On the use of polymer quenchants in industry." Metal Science and Heat Treatment 52, no. 5-6 (November 2010): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11041-010-9260-3.

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Tiwary, Vivek, and K. Narayan Prabhu. "Cooling Performance of Select Mineral Oil and Polymer Quenchants." Materials Performance and Characterization 3, no. 4 (May 13, 2014): 20140014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/mpc20140014.

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Hájek, Jiří, David Rot, and Jakub Jiřinec. "Distortion in Induction-Hardened Cylindrical Part." Defect and Diffusion Forum 395 (August 2019): 30–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.395.30.

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This article concerns distortion of a workpiece after induction-hardening under various conditions. It focuses particularly on the effects of quenching water temperature, PAG polymer concentration and the rotation speed of the workpiece during induction hardening. Electrical as well as non-electrical quantities which affect the process were monitored. They included the current passing through the inductor, the power frequency, quenching water temperature, the flow rate of the quenchant through the spray-quench device, the speed of rotation of the workpiece and some others. The workpiece was a cylinder 70 mm in length which contained a drilled off-axis through hole. Prior to hardening, dimensions of the workpiece and the hole were measured on three planes set in different distances from the bottom face. The measurement was repeated after induction hardening and the findings are reported in this article. Post-process hardness was measured on the cylindrical surface of the workpiece. Hardening depths obtained with different quenchants were measured.
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Thompson, R. I. G., S. J. Randles, M. Brown, and J. L. Wood. "Aspects of the use of polyoxyalkylene glycols in polymer quenchants." Journal of Synthetic Lubrication 17, no. 4 (January 2001): 277–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsl.3000170403.

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Gestwa, Wojciech, Malgorzata Przylecka, and George E. Totten. "Use of aqueous polymer quenchants for hardening of carbonitrided parts." International Journal of Materials and Product Technology 24, no. 1/2/3/4 (2005): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmpt.2005.007944.

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10

Loshkarev, V. E., and �. Yu Kolpishon. "The use of polymer quenchants for hardening of large parts." Metal Science and Heat Treatment 28, no. 10 (October 1986): 746–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00741865.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Polymer quenchants"

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Hilder, Nicholas A. "The behaviour of polymer quenchants." Thesis, Aston University, 1988. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/11905/.

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The internationally accepted Wolfson Heat Treatment Centre Engineering Group test was used to evaluate the cooling characteristics of the most popular commercial polymer quenchants: polyalkylene glycols, polyvinylpyrrolidones and polyacrylates. Prototype solutions containing poly(ethyloxazoline) were also examined. Each class of polymer was capable of providing a wide range of cooling rates depending on the product formulation, concentration, temperature, agitation, ageing and contamination. Cooling rates for synthetic quenchants were generally intermediate between those of water and oil. Control techniques, drag-out losses and response to quenching in terms of hardness and residual stress for a plain carbon steel, were also considered. A laboratory scale method for providing a controllable level of forced convection was developed. Test reproducibility was improved by positioning the preheated Wolfson probe 25mm above the geometric centre of a 25mm diameter orifice through which the quenchant was pumped at a velocity of 0.5m/s. On examination, all polymer quenchants were found to operate by the same fundamental mechanism associated with their viscosity and ability to form an insulating polymer-rich-film. The nature of this film, which formed at the vapour/liquid interface during boiling, was dependent on the polymer's solubility characteristics. High molecular weight polymers and high concentration solutions produced thicker, more stable insulating films. Agitation produced thinner more uniform films. Higher molecular weight polymers were more susceptible to degradation, and increased cooling rates, with usage. Polyvinylpyrrolidones can be cross-linked resulting in erratic performance, whilst the anionic character of polyacrylates can lead to control problems. Volatile contaminants tend to decrease the rate of cooling and salts to increase it. Drag-out increases upon raising the molecular weight of the polymer and its solution viscosity. Kinematic viscosity measurements are more effective than refractometer readings for concentration control, although a quench test is the most satisfactory process control method.
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Griffiths, W. D. "The quenching characteristics of sodium polyacrylate solutions." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1989. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19731/.

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The quenching characteristics of a range of concentrations of sodium polyacrylate, a commercially available polymer quenchant, have been studied. These solutions showed a stable film boiling stage the duration of which increased with increasing concentration. The maximum surface heat transfer coefficients were significantly below those recorded in water or polyalkylene glycol solutions and decreased with increasing concentration. Just after the passage of this maximum the surface heat transfer coefficient declined rapidly to reach values, at a surface temperature of about 300 C, equivalent to those recorded in the film boiling stage. Photography showed that this was associated with a decline in the mobility of the vapour bubbles formed in this stage. The surface heat transfer coefficients were used to calculate the stress and strain generated during quenching using a visco-elasticplastic model of an infinite plate of a low alloy steel. Comparisons of the predicted residual stresses in the case of the sodium polyacrylate solutions with residual stresses predicted in the case of other quenchants indicated that sodium polyacrylate solutions were capable of producing residual stress distributions similar to that produced by a medium speed quenching oil and greatly below those produced in the case of polyalkylene glycol solutions. This was achieved by a decline in the temperature gradient in the specimen before transformation to martensite began associated with the rapid reduction in surface heat transfer coefficient caused by the loss of mobility of the vapour at these surface temperatures. The predicted residual stresses and strains were also compared to experimentally measured residual stresses and strains to validate the model used. Three boundary layer theory models of film boiling were evaluated in the case of quenching in both water and a sodium polyacrylate solution and the predicted surface heat transfer coefficients compared to experimentally obtained values. None of the models produced a close agreement therefore a modification has been proposed to allow the inclusion of a turbulent interface in the models.
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Lee, Lin. "The effect of flow rate, spray distance and concentration of polymer quenchant on spray quenching performance of CHTE and IVF probes." Link to electronic thesis, 2005. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-050205-151345/unrestricted/LinLeeThesis.pdf.

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4

Shih, Yung-Tsun, and 施永村. "A Study on Steel Quenching Applications of PVP Type Polymer Quenchant." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/kw32er.

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碩士
國立虎尾科技大學
材料科學與綠色能源工程研究所在職專班
100
The article is to investigate the effect of quenchant parameters of concentration, fluid velocity (agitation intensity), temperature for PVP type SQ1501 aqueous polymer quenchant on quenching characteristics of steel by a series of experiments. Quenching experiments of some kinds selected steel alloy materials (JIS-SKT4, B30PH, 4M, AISI-4140M and JIS-SCM440) specimens were conducted at laboratory; a series of pilot tests of steel products at the heat treatment factory also were carried out to demonstrate the experimental results. The experimental results show that the full hardness of the above mentioned quenched steel alloy materials JIS-SKT4, B30PH, 4M and AISI-4140M were decreased as concentration of polymer quenchant is increased from14.3% to 20% with fluid velocity 0.05~0.1m/s at room temperature, the hardness of the low hardenability alloy steel was affected significantly by concentration increasing. It will induce quenching crack of high hardenability alloy steel JIS-SKT4 and AISI-4140M as concentration of polymer quenchant was decreased to 9.1%；the surface hardness of low hardenability alloy steel JIS-SCM440 will be increased to HRC52~55 as concentration of polymer quenchant was decreased to 5.9%.The influence of fluid velocity (agitation intensity) on hardening depth of high hardenability alloy steels(JIS-SKT4、B30PH and AISI-4140M) is insignificant compared to the low hardenability alloy steel JIS-SCM440. While temperature of polymer quenchant was increased from 26℃ to 50℃with polymer concentration of 14.3% at 0.05~0.1m/s fluid velocity, the hardness of three kinds alloy steels(JIS-SKT4, B30PH and AISI-4140M) were decreased about HRC2~3; but 4M was decreased significantly about HRC9~10. According to the experiment results from laboratory, the optimum parameter of PVP type SQ1501 aqueous polymer quenchant is 14.3% concentration, middle agitation intensity (fluid velocity is about 0.05 ~0.1m/s); and quenchant temperature is at room temperature. The above selected steel alloy materials JIS-SKT4, B30PH, 4M and AISI-4140M will obtain good harden uniformity as they were quenched in PVP type SQ1501 aqueous polymer quenchant under this optimum parameter. But the hardness of low hardenability alloy bar steel JIS-SCM440 can not fit the hardness demand；it is founded that the trapped air will affect cooling rate of polymer quenchant at boiling stage during experiment process, it will cause seriously the hardness drop；thus it is necessary to avoid air entrapping during cycling agitation. Using the experiment results, we carried out a series of pilot tests of steel products at heat treatment factory. The results show the surface hardness of different thickness bulk steel materials for B30PH which were quenched and tempered is lower than the hardness specification demand; however, the hardness difference of cross-section can fit the demand (hardness difference < HRC4). Therefore the surface hardness and hardness difference of cross-section will fit the demand provided that the full hardness of quenched material is increased about HRC2 and then through tempering treatment, or to decrease the tempering temperature. The hardness of the other bulk steel materials JIS-SKT4, B30PH and AISI-4140M can not completely fit the hardness demand of specification. The product pilot tests show that the hardness of JIS-SCM440 steel plate materials with 45, 50mm thickness and JIS-SCM440、SNCM439 circular bar steel materials with different diameters can fit the hardness demand of specification (HRC 28~32); but the hardness of JIS-S50C bar steel in product pilot test is too low (HRC18~21) to fit the hardness demand of specification(HRC22~25), therefore it is necessary to decrease the tempering temperature to 450 ℃for this carbon steel. The result hardness difference for JIS-SCM440 circular bar steel material between experiment at laboratory (1st generation quenching equipment) and pilot test at the heat treatment factory can be improved by the modification on agitation system of quenching equipment (2nd generation quenching equipment); after increasing fluid velocity (agitation intensity) in the 2nd generation quenching equipment, it is to demonstrate again the hardness result fit expectable demand.
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Tong, Shun-Chen, and 童順晨. "The Effect of PVP Polymer Quenchant Parameters and Nano-Particle Additives on Quenching Characteristics for Steels." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/su456f.

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碩士
國立虎尾科技大學
材料科學與綠色能源工程研究所
103
The purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of PVP type polymer quenchant parameters including concentration, fluid agitation velocity, temperature, and nano-particle additives on quenching characteristics for several selected steels. By changing the parameters of PVP polymer quenchant and adding montmorillonite nano-particle additives, we reveal the effect of these parameters on the hardness distribution, hardening depth, quenching distortion and microstructures for several selected steels, and also look for the optimum quenchant parameters to reduce the quenching distortion based on hardenable condition. Finally, a comparison was conducted on the quenching characteristics and the improvement condition of quenching distortion between polymer quenchant quenching and conventional oil (temperature at 70 ° C) quenching in order to estimate the feasibility of PVP polymer quenching media to replace conventional mineral oil on quenching application for steels. The experimental results show that quenched hardness of all selected steels in this study is decreased as the polymer concentration of quenchant is increased from 10% to 30% with fixed fluid agitation velocity at room temperature (26°C). Hardness decline of JIS-SNCM439 and JIS-SKD61 steels with high hardenability is not large; hardness downward tendency of middle hardenability steel JIS-SCM440 is obvious; and hardness of lower hardenability steel JIS-S45C will be significantly reduced, too. The hardness of all selected steels will increase as fluid agitation velocity of quenchant increases at room temperature (26°C); hardness increment margin is low for high hardenability steels JIS-SNCM439 and JIS-SKD61, and hardening depth of middle hardenability steel JIS-SCM440 and lower hardenability steel JIS-S45C can be significantly enhanced as fluid agitation velocity is increased. Hardness of quenched specimen will be reduced as quenchant temperature was raised from room temperature (26° C) to 40°C; the lower is the steel hardenability, the higher will be the effect result. Hardness of quenched specimens for high hardenability steels JIS-SNCM439 and JIS-SKD61 will decrease slightly as PVP polymer quenchant was added the additives of montmorillonite nano-particle; it is quite obvious that montmorillonite nano-particle has a barrier effect of heat transfer. When polymer concentration is increased from 10% to 30% and fluid agitation velocity of quenchant is constant at room temperature (26 ° C), the maximum deflections of unit length of high hardenability steels JIS-SNCM439, JIS-SKD61 and middle hardenability steel JIS-SCM440 will reduce; but the effect is not obvious significantly as polymer concentration exceeds about 20%. Maximum deflection of unit length for lower hardenability steel JIS-S45C will decrease as the polymer concentration is increased from 10% to 20%; but cross-section hardness of specimen cannot achieve hardening standards as the concentration is increased to 20%. Proper fluid agitation velocity can reduce quenching distortion of specimen; maximum deflection of unit length for specimen can be reduced to minimum as fluid agitation velocity is at 0.3m/sec for above-mentioned several selected steels. When quenchant temperature was raised from room temperature (26°C) to 40°C, maximum deflection of unit length for specimen will be decreased. Maximum deflection of unit length for high hardenability steels JIS-SNCM439 and JIS-SKD61 can be effectively reduced as montmorillonite nano-particle was added to PVP type polymer quenchant. The selected steels were quenched by using optimum polymer quenchant parameter and conventional oil quenchant parameter in this study, quenched steels will obtain approximate hardness. PVP type polymer quenchant is applicable to quenching hardening for JIS-SNCM439 and JIS-SKD61, but is not applicable for quenching of JIS-SCM440 and JIS-S45C. In this study, quenchant parameters of reducing quenching distortion for JIS-SNCM439 and JIS-SKD61, JIS-SCM440, JIS-S45C is respectively polymer concentration at 20% (and adding 4% montmorillonite nano- particle), 20%, 15% with fluid agitation velocity 0.3m/sec at room temperature (26 ° C).
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Books on the topic "Polymer quenchants"

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Hilder, Nicholas Anthony. The behaviour of polymer quenchants. Birmingham: Aston University. Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Polymer quenchants"

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Prabhu, K. Narayan. "Quenchants: Polymer." In Encyclopedia of Iron, Steel, and Their Alloys, 2744–60. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/e-eisa-120053893.

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Totten, G. E., and L. C. F. Canale. "Polymer Quenchants." In Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology, 1–11. Elsevier, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-08-043152-6/02036-2.

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"◾ Polymer Quenchants for Industrial Heat Treatment." In Advances in Polymer Materials and Technology, 731–62. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, 2016.: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315371054-39.

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da Silva Mattos, Wellington, Barbara Rivolta, George Totten, Lemmy Meekisho, and Lauralice de Campos Franceschini Canale. "Quenching of Aluminum Alloys." In Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000336.

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This article aims to describe the media, procedures, and techniques applied to quenching for heat treatment of aluminum alloys besides problems related to this specific process. This article presents important topics such as quench sensitivity, cooling curves analysis, showing experimental apparatus details, influence of probe format and comparison between probe types used in quenching, and problems related to surface oxidation due quenching. Polymer quenchants types are analyzed besides quenching parameters. There is a discussion related to surface rewetting and its importance for quenching successful. Different quenching process are presented like “uphill” process comparing as cryo quenching, ultrasonic agitation, and ionic liquids besides topics related to corrosion types and residual stress after quenching.
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"Type I Polymer Quenchant Data." In Handbook of Aluminum. CRC Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203912591.axa.

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Conference papers on the topic "Polymer quenchants"

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Zordão, Luis Henrique Pizetta, Lauralice de C. F. Canale, and George E. Totten. "Investigation of Quenchants Based on Sodium Aqueous Ionic Solutions." In HT2019. ASM International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.ht2019p0253.

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Abstract The mechanical properties of steel components are influenced by the microstructure, which is determined by the heat treatment cycle. In the quenching of the steel: water, oil, aqueous polymer solutions and aqueous salt solutions (brine) can be used as quenchants, which exhibit different characteristic cooling mechanisms. For example, when water is used as the cooling media, a stable vapor film is formed around the hot component resulting in nonuniformity of surface heat transfer during the cooling process, which is often responsible for distortion, and cracking. Using salt based on sodium (Na) as an additive forming a solution with distilled water was able to reduce or eliminate the vapor film, enhance the cooling rate and keep the heat flux in high values during the most part of the drop of the temperature that is better for a more homogeneous cooling. This work investigated the cooling performance of different salt solutions and quenching bath parameters (temperature and agitation). These analyses were made using cooling curves and heat flux to quantify the behavior and hardening power capacity of these salt solutions.
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Roy, Sridhin S., Augustine Samuel, and K. Narayan Prabhu. "Heat Transfer Characteristics and Cooling Performance of Treated Kitchen Coconut Oil." In HT2021. ASM International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.ht2021p0302.

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Abstract Quenching is one of the most basic and widely used heat treatment processes. Mineral Oil or petroleum oil base stocks are the conventional quench media used for quench hardening heat treatment since the 19th century. However, mineral oils are not environment friendly as they are toxic, nonbiodegradable, and non-renewable. Many alternative ecofriendly quenchants have been developed to replace mineral oil such as vegetable oils, polymer quenchants, and nanofluids. Although most of the vegetable oils show superior cooling performance to mineral oil, their practical application is limited owing to their high cost of production and low thermal stability. In this study, the kitchen coconut oil was chemically treated and its cooling performance and heat transfer characteristics were assessed and compared with that of refined coconut oil and mineral oil. The thermophysical properties of chemically treated waste cooking oil were found to be higher than refined and mineral oils. Chemically treated oil showed better wettability. The quenching experiments were conducted using an Inconel 600 standard probe according to ISO 9950 and ASTM D 6200 standards. The vapor blanket stage was shorter for the chemically treated oil as compared with refined and mineral oils. Inverse heat conduction problem (IHCP) was solved for estimating heat flux transients from the temperature data and thermo-physical properties of the Inconel probe. The average peak heat flux was highest for chemically treated oil compared to both refined coconut oil and mineral oil.
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