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Journal articles on the topic 'Polymer tip'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Latorre, R., A. Muller, J. Y. Billard, and A. Houlier. "Investigation of the Role of Polymer on the Delay of Tip Vortex Cavitation." Journal of Fluids Engineering 126, no. 5 (2004): 724–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1792260.

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Cavitation tunnel measurements have shown tip vortex cavitation inception is delayed when polymers are injected from the hydrofoil tip. Experiments with polymers have also shown that the polymers cause the cavitation to become more violent. To better understand the role of polymer in the delay of tip vortex cavitation, a theoretical analysis of tip vortex cavitation inception in pure water and in polymer solution is presented. The analysis shows that while polymer injection causes instability in small bubbles, its main effect is an increase in tip vortex core radius, resulting in the delay of

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2

Engler, Anthony, Jared Schwartz, and Paul Kohl. "(Student Award, 1st Place, Invited) Rapid Nanometer Scale Patterning Using New High-Sensitivity, Dry-Develop Resists." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 18 (2022): 867. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0218867mtgabs.

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A family of high-resolution, photo-thermal resists based on low ceiling temperature copolymers has been developed and used in a nanometer scale, direct-write thermal patterning tool. The polymer resists are composed of cyclic, low ceiling temperature (Tc) poly(aldehydes). Tc is the thermodynamic temperature which separates polymer from monomer. The Tc of the polymers is below room temperature making the polymer meta-stable at room temperature. The resists very rapidly and cleanly decompose into monomer only when triggered during patterning because the mechanism of depolymerization is suppresse

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3

Han, Chung-Souk, Seyed H. R. Sanei, and Farid Alisafaei. "On the origin of indentation size effects and depth dependent mechanical properties of elastic polymers." Journal of Polymer Engineering 36, no. 1 (2016): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2015-0030.

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Abstract Indentation size effects have been observed in both polymers and metals but, unlike in metals, the origin of size effects in polymers is not well understood. To clarify the role of second order gradients of displacements, a model polymer is examined with spherical and Berkovich tips at probing depths between 5 and 25 μm. Applying different theories to determine the elastic modulus, it is found that with a pyramidal tip, the elastic modulus increases with decreasing indentation depth, while tests with the spherical tip yielded essentially constant values for the elastic modulus indepen

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4

King, William P., and Kenneth E. Goodson. "Thermomechanical Formation of Nanoscale Polymer Indents With a Heated Silicon Tip." Journal of Heat Transfer 129, no. 11 (2007): 1600–1604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2764088.

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In thermomechanical data storage, a heated atomic force microscope cantilever tip is in contact with and scans over a polymer film. Heating in the cantilever and cantilever tip induces local deformation of the polymer near the tip, with indents as small as 22nm. This paper reports a simple modeling approach for predicting heat and mass transfer in the cantilever tip and polymer with the goal of predicting indent formation conditions. The model accounts for subcontinuum conduction in the cantilever tip and for the time- and temperature-dependent mechanical properties of the polymer. Simulations

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5

Fruman, D. H., and S. S. Aflalo. "Tip Vortex Cavitation Inhibition by Drag-Reducing Polymer Solutions." Journal of Fluids Engineering 111, no. 2 (1989): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3243625.

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This paper presents previous and recent results obtained by the authors concerning the modification of the tip vortex cavitation of a finite span hydrofoil by drag-reducing polymer solutions. Experiments were conducted with homogeneous solutions and with semidilute solutions ejected at the tip of the wing. Measurements of the onset cavitation number for tip vortex cavitation, hydrodynamic forces on the hydrofoil and tangential velocities in the tip vortex have been conducted. The results show that tip vortex cavitation is inhibited in all cases but for different reasons. In homogeneous polymer

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6

OKAWA, Yuji, Daisuke TAKAJO, and Masakazu AONO. "Polymer Nanowires Fabricated Using a Tip." Kobunshi 56, no. 6 (2007): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/kobunshi.56.436.

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7

Donescu, Dan, Sever Serban, Kristiana Gosa, and Cristian Petcu. "Polymer-Titanium hybrids obtained by radical polymerization and Sol-Gel process." Open Chemistry 3, no. 1 (2005): 10–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bf02476234.

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AbstractThe possibility to prepare hybrids made by poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and/or poly(ethyl acrylate) (PEtA) with TiO2 was studied. The processes of polymer formation-radical polymerization and sol-gel process for inorganic network —were achieved simultaneously. Due to a high reactivity of titanium isopropoxide (TIP) in the sol-gel process, a complexant comonomer, allyl acetoacetate (AlAcAc), was used. Covalent bonds between polymer and inorganic chains were obtained by addition of trialkoxysilane derivates with vinyl (VTES) or methacryloyl (MPTS) groups.

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8

Klapperich, C., K. Komvopoulos, and L. Pruitt. "Nanomechanical Properties of Polymers Determined From Nanoindentation Experiments." Journal of Tribology 123, no. 3 (2000): 624–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1330736.

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The nanomechanical properties of various polymers were examined in light of nanoindentation experiments performed with a diamond tip of nominal radius of curvature of about 20 μm under conditions of maximum contact load in the range of 150–600 μN and loading/unloading rates between 7.5 and 600 μN/s. The elastic modulus of each polymer was determined from the unloading material response using the compliance method, whereas the hardness was calculated as the maximum contact load divided by the corresponding projected area, obtained from the known tip shape function. It is shown that while the el

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9

Hosseini, Nahid, Matthias Neuenschwander, Oliver Peric, Santiago H. Andany, Jonathan D. Adams, and Georg E. Fantner. "Integration of sharp silicon nitride tips into high-speed SU8 cantilevers in a batch fabrication process." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 10 (November 29, 2019): 2357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.10.226.

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Employing polymer cantilevers has shown to outperform using their silicon or silicon nitride analogues concerning the imaging speed of atomic force microscopy (AFM) in tapping mode (intermittent contact mode with amplitude modulation) by up to one order of magnitude. However, tips of the cantilever made out of a polymer material do not meet the requirements for tip sharpness and durability. Combining the high imaging bandwidth of polymer cantilevers with making sharp and wear-resistant tips is essential for a future adoption of polymer cantilevers in routine AFM use. In this work, we have deve

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10

Vacher, Robin, and Astrid S. de Wijn. "Nanoscale friction and wear of a polymer coated with graphene." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 13 (January 14, 2022): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.13.4.

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Friction and wear of polymers at the nanoscale is a challenging problem due to the complex viscoelastic properties and structure. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate how a graphene sheet on top of the semicrystalline polymer polyvinyl alcohol affects the friction and wear. Our setup is meant to resemble an AFM experiment with a silicon tip. We have used two different graphene sheets, namely an unstrained, flat sheet, and one that has been crumpled before being deposited on the polymer. The graphene protects the top layer of the polymer from wear and reduces the friction. The u

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11

Stolz, Lukas, Martin Winter, and Johannes Kasnatscheew. "Perspective on the mechanism of mass transport-induced (tip-growing) Li dendrite formation by comparing conventional liquid organic solvent with solid polymer-based electrolytes." Journal of Electrochemical Science and Engineering 13, no. 5 (2023): 715–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5599/jese.1724.

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A major challenge of Li metal electrodes is the growth of high surface area lithium during Li deposition with a variety of possible shapes and growing mechanisms. They are reactive and lead to active lithium losses, electrolyte depletion and safety concerns due to a potential risk of short-circuits and thermal runaway. This work focuses on the mechanism of tip-growing Li dendrite as a particular high surface area lithium morphology. Its formation mechanism is well-known and is triggered during concentration polarization, i.e. during mass (Li+) transport limitations, which has been thoroughly i

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12

Sorkhabi, Tannaz, Mehrab Samberan, Krzysztof Ostrowski, Paulina Zajdel, Agata Stempkowska, and Tomasz Gawenda. "Electrospinning of Poly (Acrylamide), Poly (Acrylic Acid) and Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Nanofibers: Characterization and Optimization Study on the Effect of Different Parameters on Mean Diameter Using Taguchi Design of Experiment Method." Materials 15, no. 17 (2022): 5876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15175876.

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In this study, nanofibers of poly (acrylic acid) (PAAc), polyacrylamide (PAAm) and poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) were prepared using the electrospinning technique. Based on the Taguchi DOE (design of experiment) method, the effects of electrospinning parameters, i.e., needle tip to collector distance, polymer solution concentration, applied voltage, polymer solution feed rate and polymer type, on the diameter and morphology of polymer nanofibers were evaluated. Analyses of the experiments for the diameters of the polymer nanofibers showed that the type of polymer was the most significant factor.

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13

Furlan, R., S. V. Arroyo, R. O. F. Torres, J. A. M. Rosado, and A. N. R. Da Silva. "Study of Nanofiber Formation by Injecting Polymeric Solutions Inside Intense Electric Fields Using Different Electrode Configurations." Journal of Integrated Circuits and Systems 5, no. 2 (2010): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.29292/jics.v5i2.321.

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Electrospinning has been considered a straightforward way of producing nanofibers. In this work we are analyzing non-conventional approaches of the electrospinning process to better understand and explore the effect of electrostatic interactions. The processes we are investigating include the insertion of polymer inside the electric field keeping the capillary for polymer injection at a floating potential. Also, we are investigating different electrode configurations including: same as electrospinning (with and without polarization of the capillary for polymer injection), parallel macro electr

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14

Li, Hui-Min, Gang-Feng Wang, and T. J. Wang. "Effect of crack-tip shape on the near-tip field in glassy polymer." International Journal of Solids and Structures 45, no. 3-4 (2008): 1087–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2007.09.029.

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15

Nygren, Garrett, and Ryan L. Karkkainen. "Simulation of anisotropic crack tip deformation processes and particle interactions in toughened polymers." Polymers and Polymer Composites 28, no. 1 (2019): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967391119856168.

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This study develops a finite element-based simulation of submicrometer crack tip deformation processes in polymers to investigate local toughening effects. An initial study of how these processes interact with stiff inclusions is presented to enable further investigation of particulate toughening. Crack tip and process zone mechanisms, including polymer chain disentanglement, directional chain realignment with consequent anisotropy, and crack propagation, are considered in a dedicated user-defined material law. Such processes are generally homogenized on higher scale continuum levels analyses,

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16

Chakravarty, Rubel, Rakesh Shukla, Shyamla Gandhi, et al. "Polymer Embedded Nanocrystalline Titania Sorbent for 99Mo-99mTc Generator." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 9 (2008): 4447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.280.

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A new sorbent material, polymer embedded nano crystalline titania (Titanium Polymer-TiP) has been developed, from titanium (IV) chloride and isopropyl alcohol, for the adsorption of 99Mo, which is a precursor to 99mTc, a workhorse in radio-pharmaceuticals. The infrared absorption spectra of the TiP showed peaks corresponding to Ti-O groups. X-ray diffraction pattern of the adsorbent corresponded to rutile TiO2. The surface area of this polymer was 30 m2/g with an average pore size of 40 nm. The average crystallite size of TiO2, embedded in polymer, was found to be 5 nm. TEM micrograph of the a

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17

VanLandingham, M., J. Villarrubia, G. Meyers, and M. Dineen. "Advancing Nanoscale Indentation Measurements Toward Quantitative Characterization of Polymer Properties." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (2000): 1108–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600038034.

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The ultimate objective of instrumented indentation testing is to obtain absolute measurements of material properties and behavior. To achieve this goal, accurate knowledge of the shape of the indenter tip is required. For indentation measurements involving sub-micrometer scale contacts, accurate knowledge of the tip shape can be difficult to achieve. In this presentation, a technique referred to as blind reconstruction is applied to the measurement of tip shapes of indenters used with the atomic force microscope (AFM) to indent polymeric materials.The AFM has been used recently to make nanosca

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18

Wood, Sylvia H., Salvador J. Pastor, and Charles L. Wilkins. "Examination of the Surface of a Maldi-Ftms Probe Tip using SEM and Determination of Detection Limits for Poly(Ethylene Glycol)." Microscopy and Microanalysis 4, S2 (1998): 496–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600022601.

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Exploratory synthetic strategies may yield limited quantities of sample. Characterization of such limited-quantity samples is facilitated by the use of sensitive analytical methods and smart sample preparation. Polymers may be analyzed by mass spectrometry for molecular weight distributions, structural information (such as endgroups), and impurities. However, polymer research using mass spectrometry has not focused on detection limits; in some work the amount of polymer used is not even mentioned. Studies to determine detection limits of polymers and studies that characterize sample preparatio

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19

Liu, Ruixuan, Xiaoniu Li, De Yu, et al. "A 3D printed sandwich-type piezoelectric motor with a surface texture." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 10 (2022): 105003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0107009.

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Polymer-based piezoelectric motors have excellent properties, such as lightweight and corrosion resistance. In addition, 3D printing and customized additive manufacturing of polymers provide new opportunities for the development of piezoelectric motors with complex or special structures. In this paper, a 3D printed polymer-based sandwich-type piezoelectric motor operating in a single longitudinal mode is developed. A vibration decomposition model of the motor and an analytical model considering polymer viscoelasticity are established to analyze the dynamic characteristics and to determine the

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20

Vipulanandan, C., and N. Dharmarajan. "Critical crack tip opening displacement for polymer composites." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 33, no. 3 (1989): 409–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-7944(89)90090-8.

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21

Hocine, M., R. Bachelot, C. Ecoffet, N. Fressengeas, P. Royer, and G. Kugel. "End-of-fiber polymer tip: manufacturing and modeling." Synthetic Metals 127, no. 1-3 (2002): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0379-6779(01)00645-2.

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22

Xie, Zhuang, Youde Shen, Xuechang Zhou, et al. "Polymer Pen Lithography Using Dual-Elastomer Tip Arrays." Small 8, no. 17 (2012): 2664–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.201200849.

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23

Balakrishnan, Vinod Kumar, Behnam Pourdeyhimi, and Alexander L. Yarin. "Effect of inter-needle distance on jet roping and laydown structure in solution blowing." Journal of Applied Physics 132, no. 18 (2022): 184903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0127700.

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Here, a model lab-scale solution blowing setup was developed. Experiments were carried out in a model situation of two needles at several inter-needle distances and air velocities to investigate jet roping. Polymer jets issued from two needles were employed at the inter-needle distances of L = 4.5, 4, 3.5, 3, and 2.5 mm. Polymer jet intersections and merging near the needle tip and at a distance of ∼150 mm from the needle tip and near the collector were recorded employing a high-speed camera. The laydown images captured for each inter-needle distance were analyzed using scanning electron micro

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24

Knápek, Alexandr, Rashid Dallaev, Daniel Burda, et al. "Field Emission Properties of Polymer Graphite Tips Prepared by Membrane Electrochemical Etching." Nanomaterials 10, no. 7 (2020): 1294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10071294.

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This paper investigates field emission behavior from the surface of a tip that was prepared from polymer graphite nanocomposites subjected to electrochemical etching. The essence of the tip preparation is to create a membrane of etchant over an electrode metal ring. The graphite rod acts here as an anode and immerses into the membrane filled with alkali etchant. After the etching process, the tip is cleaned and analyzed by Raman spectroscopy, investigating the chemical composition of the tip. The topography information is obtained using the Scanning Electron Microscopy and by Field Emission Mi

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25

Osman, Azlin Fazlina, Asfa Amalia Ahmad Fauzi, Muaz Baderul Amin, Khairul Anwar Abdul Halim, and Anwar Ul-Hamid. "Size Reduction of Dolomite into Nano-Size Range through Milling and Tip-Sonication Processes." Materials Science Forum 1075 (November 30, 2022): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-3zkle9.

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Dolomite has great potential to be employed as filler or nanofiller in polymer composite/nanocomposite system. However, the research on dolomite as filler or nanofiller in polymer composite is still immature, requiring further investigations on how to optimize the dispersion of the dolomite in the polymer matrix, thus improving its properties. Particle size reduction of dolomite can be an efficient approach to increase its surface area and facilitate its dispersion and distribution within polymer matrix in order to develop homogeneous composite/nanocomposite system. In this study, the dolomite

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26

Chahine, G. L., G. F. Frederick, and R. D. Bateman. "Propeller Tip Vortex Cavitation Suppression Using Selective Polymer Injection." Journal of Fluids Engineering 115, no. 3 (1993): 497–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910166.

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This paper presents results of experiments where selective injection of a drag-reducing polymer solution into the tip vortex region of the blades of an 11.5 in. diameter propeller was effective in significantly delaying tip vortex cavitation. The most critical phase of the investigation was the selection of the position of the injection ports. For well-positioned injection ports, at a fixed water channel speed the propeller cavitation number had to be decreased by as much as 35 percent in order to reestablish cavitation inception. Injections of water and a viscous mixture of water and glycerin

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27

Li, Shu Feng. "Effect of Thickness and Length of Ion Polymer Metal Composites (IPMC) on its Actuation Properties." Advanced Materials Research 197-198 (February 2011): 401–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.197-198.401.

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IPMC (ionic polymer metal composite), a kind of ionic electroactive polymer (EAP) has wide applications in the filed of bionics and artificial apparatus for its fast and large bending deformation under the low driving voltages. In this paper, thick IPMCs with various numbers of films were first fabricated by the hot-pressing method. Then the effect of the thickness on its properties, such as the tip forces and water uptake capability, were investigated. The effect of length of the IPMC on its tip forces was further studied. SEM (scanning electron microscopy) micrographs of IPMC specimen were a

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28

Zhang, Bo, Rui Shi, Weili Duan, Zhonglong Luo, Zhong-yuan Lu, and Shuxun Cui. "Direct comparison between chemisorption and physisorption: a study of poly(ethylene glycol) by means of single-molecule force spectroscopy." RSC Advances 7, no. 54 (2017): 33883–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra05779b.

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29

Gao, Haitao, Danping Xu, Yongyi Ye, Yanan Zhang, Jian Shen, and Chaoyang Li. "Fiber-tip polymer filled probe for high-sensitivity temperature sensing and polymer refractometers." Optics Express 30, no. 5 (2022): 8104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.449852.

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30

Shang, Chunyu, Hui Sun, and Yongqin Hao. "Investigation of the Propagation of Electrical Trees in a Polymer Matrix in the Corona Condition." Polymers 10, no. 9 (2018): 984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10090984.

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In a corona environment, the initiation and propagation of electrical trees in a polymer matrix originate from the field enhancement effect. Driven by the macroscopic alternating electric field, a weak alternating current (AC) was passed through the decomposition channel of an electrical tree, and a small amount of alternating electric quantity was present on the tip of the electrical tree, resulting in an enhanced local electric field around the tip of the electrical tree. The emissions of electrons accelerated in the enhanced local electric field resulted in the decomposition of the polymer

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31

Todo, Mitsugu, Yoshihiro Fukuya, Seiya Hagihara, and Kazuo Arakawa. "Finite Element Modeling of Damage Formation in Rubber-Toughened Polymer." Key Engineering Materials 297-300 (November 2005): 1019–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.297-300.1019.

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Microscopic studies on the toughening mechanism of rubber-toughened PMMA (RTPMMA) were carried out using a polarizing optical microscope (POM) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM). POM result showed that in a typical RT-PMMA, a damage zone was developed in the vicinity of crack-tip, and therefore, it was considered that energy dissipation due to the damage zone development was the primary toughening mechanism. TEM result exhibited that the damage zone was a crowd of micro-crazes generated around rubber particles in the vicinity of notch-tip. Finite element analysis was then performed t

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32

Keivanidis, Panagiotis E., Andrea di Donato, Davide Mencarelli, et al. "Determining the Efficiency of Fast Ultrahigh-density Writing of Low-Conductivity Patterns on Semiconducting Polymers." MRS Proceedings 1729 (2015): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2015.81.

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ABSTRACTWe present a nano-patterning process for semiconducting polymeric composites that could potentially be utilized for the development of polymer-based data storage devices. Nano-patterning (writing) operates on the basis of the mechanical interaction between the electrically unbiased tip of an atomic force microscope and the surface of polymeric composite films. Via friction forces, the tip/sample interaction produces a local increase of molecular disorder in the polymer matrix, inducing a localized lowering in the conductivity of the organic semiconductor. Herein we suggest a figure of

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KAWAGUCHI, MASAMI, KYOKO MAKINO, and TADAYA KATO. "VISCOUS FINGERING PATTERNS IN HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT POLYMER SOLUTIONS." Fractals 04, no. 02 (1996): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x96000248.

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Characteristics of viscous fingering patterns in polymer solutions were investigated by introducing air into a radial Hele-Shaw cell, in which high molecular weight Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) solution was placed. HPMC chains form a chain entanglement easily, which leads to an increase in elasticity. The resulting patterns showed a drastic morphological change from highly branched patterns to tip-splitting patterns to skewering patterns, with an increase in injection pressure. Such a crossover in the fingering patterns could be well correlated with the characteristic quantities of pa

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34

Lee, Han Chang, Jinhyuk Jeong, Seunggi Jo, Dong Yun Choi, Gyu Man Kim, and Woojin Kim. "Development of a Subpath Extrusion Tip and Die for Peripheral Inserted Central Catheter Shaft with Multi Lumen." Polymers 13, no. 8 (2021): 1308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13081308.

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The tip and die for manufacturing multi-lumen catheter tubes should be designed considering the flow velocity of the molten polymer and the deformation of the final extruded tube. In this study, to manufacture non-circular double-lumen tubes for peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs), three types of tip and die structures are proposed. The velocity field and swelling effect when the circular tip and die (CTD) are applied, which is the commonly used tip and die structure, are analyzed through numerical calculation. To resolve the wall and rib thickness and ovality issues, the ellipse t

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Dey, Pradip Kumar, Soumen Das, and Pranabendu Ganguly. "Fabrication of polymer micro-tip by optical lensing technique." Microsystem Technologies 18, no. 5 (2012): 623–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00542-012-1483-3.

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36

Barber, A. H., S. R. Cohen, and H. D. Wagner. "Stepped Polymer Morphology Induced by a Carbon Nanotube Tip." Nano Letters 4, no. 8 (2004): 1439–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl049281p.

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37

Yaacob, Y., O. Mikami, C. Fujikawa, S. Nakajima, and S. Ambran. "Polymer microlens fabricated on fiber tip for optical interconnect." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 210 (June 2017): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/210/1/012029.

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VanLandingham, M., X. Gu, D. Raghavan, and T. Nguyen. "Characterization of Multi-Phase and Multi-Component Polymer Systems Using the Atomic Force Microscope." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (1999): 962–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600018134.

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Recent advances have been made on two fronts regarding the capability of the atomic force microscope (AFM) to characterize the mechanical response of polymers. Phase imaging with the AFM has emerged as a powerful technique, providing contrast enhancement of topographic features in some cases and, in other cases, revealing heterogeneities in the polymer microstructure that are not apparent from the topographic image. The enhanced contrast provided by phase images often allows for identification of different material constituents. However, while the phase changes of the oscillating probe are ass

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Negi, Alok, Gagandeep Bhardwaj, JS Saini, and Neeraj Grover. "Crack growth analysis of carbon nanotube reinforced polymer nanocomposite using extended finite element method." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 5 (2018): 1750–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406218776034.

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In this work, the crack growth analysis of carbon nanotube reinforced polymer nanocomposite has been performed using extended finite element method. The equivalent properties such as elastic modulus, Poisson’s ratio, fracture energy, and fracture toughness of the polymer nanocomposites have been evaluated by varying the percentage of carbon nanotube in terms of weight (both single-walled carbon nanotube and multi-walled carbon nanotube) in the polymer matrix. The elastic modulus of the polymer nanocomposite has been evaluated using modified Halpin–Tsai equation. The fracture energy of the poly

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40

Ichikawa, Kazuo, Kei Ichikawa, Seiji Tokiwa, et al. "Comparison of Phacoemulsification and Aspiration Parameters in Cataract Surgery: Metal Tip vs. Hybrid Tip." Bioengineering 11, no. 12 (2024): 1195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11121195.

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Various tips are available for phacoemulsification in cataract surgery. Evidence-based data can inform ophthalmologists, especially inexperienced ones, on tip selection. We retrospectively evaluated the energy efficiency and other parameters of two ultrasonic phacoemulsification and aspiration tips across different nuclear hardness grades in 342 cataract patients (342 eyes) with nuclear hardness grades II to IV. Surgical procedures, ultrasound settings, and instrumentation were standardized. All surgeries were performed by one experienced doctor. We compared the metal INTREPID® Balanced Tip (M

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Yan, Yongda, Shunyu Chang, Tong Wang, and Yanquan Geng. "Scratch on Polymer Materials Using AFM Tip-Based Approach: A Review." Polymers 11, no. 10 (2019): 1590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11101590.

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As a brand new nanomachining method, the tip-based nanomachining/nanoscratching (TBN) method has exhibited a powerful ability at machining on polymer materials and various structures have been achieved using this approach, ranging from the nanodot, nanogroove/channel, bundle to 2D/3D (three-dimensional) nanostructures. The TBN method is widely used due to its high precision, ease of use and low environmental requirements. First, the theoretical models of machining on polymer materials with a given tip using the TBN method are presented. Second, advances of nanostructures achieved by this metho

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Melo de Lima, Marina, Vincent Mandrillon, Jennifer Hay, Laurent-Luc Chapelon, Christophe Poulain, and Olivier Lebaigue. "Comparison of Berkovich and spherical tip indentation for determining the Young’s modulus of polymer thin films encapsulated by a dielectric." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 50 (December 17, 2024): 49–54. https://doi.org/10.14311/app.2024.50.0049.

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Pixel integrated micro-lenses for CMOS image sensors consist of a stack of polymer acrylate resin films encapsulated by a dielectric layer. Due to the mismatch of thermomechanical properties, adhesive or cohesive fractures can occur. This can lead to reliability issues requiring the knowledge of the polymer thermomechanical properties. Nanoindentation is a standard method for determining Young’s modulus of thin films. However, when performing temperature-dependent nanoindentation studies directly on the polymer film, contamination of the tip can occur near or above the glass transition tempera

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Fu, Tianyu, Paul C. Uzoma, Xiaolei Ding, Pengyuan Wu, Oleksiy Penkov, and Huan Hu. "A Novel Nano-Spherical Tip for Improving Precision in Elastic Modulus Measurements of Polymer Materials via Atomic Force Microscopy." Micromachines 15, no. 9 (2024): 1175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi15091175.

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Micro-nano-scale mechanical properties are vital for engineering and biological materials. The elastic modulus is generally measured by processing the force–indentation curves obtained by atomic force microscopy (AFM). However, the measurement precision is largely affected by tip shape, tip wear, sample morphology, and the contact model. In such research, it has been found that the radius of the sharp tip increases due to wear during contact scanning, affecting elastic modulus calculations. For flat-ended tips, it is difficult to identify the contact condition, leading to inaccurate results. O

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Lin, Jia Horng, Jin Jia Hu, Chao Tsang Lu, Wen Cheng Chen, Chien Lin Huang, and Ching Wen Lou. "Manufacturing Technique of the Biocompatible Polymer Nanofiber Membrane by Electrospinning." Applied Mechanics and Materials 184-185 (June 2012): 1404–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.184-185.1404.

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This research produced nanofiber membrane with polyethylene oxide (PEO) by electrospinning; the influence of the three parameters —mixture ratio of solution, electric field, and distance between the capillary tip and the collecting plate, on electrospinning was then explored. According to the results of the experiment, the fiber membrane with a diameter of 120 nm could be obtained when the optimum electric filed was 0.6 kV/cm and the distance between the capillary tip and the collecting board was 15 cm. Finally, the spunlace nonwoven was coated with the electrospinning solution with the optimu

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Russell, P. E., and I. H. Musselman. "Scanning tunneling microscopy of polymers: A status report." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 330–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100153622.

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Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has evolved rapidly in the past few years. Major developments have occurred in instrumentation, theory, and in a wide range of applications. In this paper, an overview of the application of STM and related techniques to polymers will be given, followed by a discussion of current research issues and prospects for future developments. The application of STM to polymers can be conveniently divided into the following subject areas: atomic scale imaging of uncoated polymer structures; topographic imaging and metrology of man-made polymer structures; and modificat

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Bass, Patrick, Lin Zhang, Maobing Tu, and ZhongYang Cheng. "Enhancement of Biodegradable Poly(Ethylene Oxide) Ionic–Polymer Metallic Composite Actuators with Nanocrystalline Cellulose Fillers." Actuators 7, no. 4 (2018): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act7040072.

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Biodegradable ionic polymer metallic composite (IPMC) electroactive polymers (EAPs) were fabricated using poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) with various concentrations of lithium perchlorate. Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) rods created from a sulfuric acid hydrolysis process were added at various concentrations to increase the EAPs’ elastic modulus and improve their electromechanical properties. The electromechanical actuation was studied. PEONCC composites were created from combining a 35-mg/mL aqueous NCC suspension with an aqueous, PEO solution at varying vol.%. Due to an imparted space charge fr

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Li, Shufeng, and Joanne Yip. "Characterization and Actuation of Ionic Polymer Metal Composites with Various Thicknesses and Lengths." Polymers 11, no. 1 (2019): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11010091.

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Ionic polymer metal composites (IPMCs) with various thicknesses of 1, 2, 4, and 6 nafion films (denoted as 1-film, 2-film, 4-film and 6-film, respectively) are fabricated, and their characterization and actuation performances are then investigated. The effects of the thickness of the IPMCs on their morphology, surface resistance, and water uptake capability are studied. Their actuation performances are further evaluated by examining the tip force and displacement in terms of the length and the thickness of the IPMCs, under a direct current (DC) power of 3.0 or 4.5 V. In comparison with the 1-f

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D’Acunto, Mario, Franco Dinelli, and Pasqualantonio Pingue. "Nanoscale rippling on polymer surfaces induced by AFM manipulation." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 6 (December 2, 2015): 2278–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.6.234.

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Nanoscale rippling induced by an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip can be observed after performing one or many scans over the same area on a range of materials, namely ionic salts, metals, and semiconductors. However, it is for the case of polymer films that this phenomenon has been widely explored and studied. Due to the possibility of varying and controlling various parameters, this phenomenon has recently gained a great interest for some technological applications. The advent of AFM cantilevers with integrated heaters has promoted further advances in the field. An alternative method to hea

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Hussain, Saleha, Lars Bjørndal, and Merete Markvart. "In vitro assessment of needle and irrigant penetration when using different irrigation needle tips." Biomaterial Investigations in Dentistry 12 (February 18, 2025): 17–24. https://doi.org/10.2340/biid.v12.42896.

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Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the needle and irrigant penetration depth of a newly developed multi-vented polymer needle (30G), with three established needle designs – an open-ended metal needle (30G), a side-vented polymer needle (30G), and a notched metal needle (27G) used as a reference control. The effect of manual dynamic activation (MDA) was also measured. The null hypotheses were that the irrigant penetration would be the same regardless of needle tip, and the addition of MDA would make no difference in terms of irrigant penetration. Materials and methods: A total of 1

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Lee, Woo-Kyung, Minchul Yang, Arnaldo R. Laracuente, William P. King, Lloyd J. Whitman, and Paul E. Sheehan. "Direct-write polymer nanolithography in ultra-high vacuum." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 3 (January 19, 2012): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.3.6.

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Polymer nanostructures were directly written onto substrates in ultra-high vacuum. The polymer ink was coated onto atomic force microscope (AFM) probes that could be heated to control the ink viscosity. Then, the ink-coated probes were placed into an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) AFM and used to write polymer nanostructures on surfaces, including surfaces cleaned in UHV. Controlling the writing speed of the tip enabled the control over the number of monolayers of the polymer ink deposited on the surface from a single to tens of monolayers, with higher writing speeds generating thinner polymer nanost

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