Journal articles: 'Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)'

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INABA, Hiroshi. "Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)." Blood & Vessel 20, no. 4 (1989): 365–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2491/jjsth1970.20.365.

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YAMADA, Akira, Jiro IMANISHI, and Etsuro NAKAJIMA. "Detection of Influenza Virus with PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)." Journal of the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases 65, no. 6 (1991): 759–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.65.759.

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Prosser, Jane. "PCR The polymerase chain reaction." Trends in Biotechnology 12, no. 12 (December 1994): 521–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-7799(94)90063-9.

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McCorquodale, D. James. "PCR: the polymerase chain reaction." Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism 6, no. 3 (April 1995): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1043-2760(95)90019-5.

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Green, Michael R., and Joseph Sambrook. "Touchdown Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)." Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2018, no. 5 (May 2018): pdb.prot095133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot095133.

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Green, Michael R., and Joseph Sambrook. "Inverse Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)." Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2019, no. 2 (February 2019): pdb.prot095166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot095166.

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Green, Michael R., and Joseph Sambrook. "Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)." Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2019, no. 2 (February 2019): pdb.prot095182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot095182.

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Danilova, V. M., O. P. Matyshevska, and S. V. Komisarenko. "Nobel Prize laureate Kary Mullis and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)." Ukrainian Biochemical Journal 93, no. 5 (November 3, 2021): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ubj93.05.122.

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McInerney, Peter, Paul Adams, and Masood Z. Hadi. "Error Rate Comparison during Polymerase Chain Reaction by DNA Polymerase." Molecular Biology International 2014 (August 17, 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/287430.

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As larger-scale cloning projects become more prevalent, there is an increasing need for comparisons among high fidelity DNA polymerases used for PCR amplification. All polymerases marketed for PCR applications are tested for fidelity properties (i.e., error rate determination) by vendors, and numerous literature reports have addressed PCR enzyme fidelity. Nonetheless, it is often difficult to make direct comparisons among different enzymes due to numerous methodological and analytical differences from study to study. We have measured the error rates for 6 DNA polymerases commonly used in PCR applications, including 3 polymerases typically used for cloning applications requiring high fidelity. Error rate measurement values reported here were obtained by direct sequencing of cloned PCR products. The strategy employed here allows interrogation of error rate across a very large DNA sequence space, since 94 unique DNA targets were used as templates for PCR cloning. The six enzymes included in the study, Taq polymerase, AccuPrime-Taq High Fidelity, KOD Hot Start, cloned Pfu polymerase, Phusion Hot Start, and Pwo polymerase, we find the lowest error rates with Pfu, Phusion, and Pwo polymerases. Error rates are comparable for these 3 enzymes and are >10x lower than the error rate observed with Taq polymerase. Mutation spectra are reported, with the 3 high fidelity enzymes displaying broadly similar types of mutations. For these enzymes, transition mutations predominate, with little bias observed for type of transition.

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Kumari, S., K. Kundu J, and J. Polák. "Identification of Xiphinema vuittenezi by polymerase chain reaction." Plant Protection Science 40, No. 1 (March 7, 2010): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3120-pps.

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So far, the identification of the nematode species Xiphinema vuittenezi relied mainly on time-consuming morphological and morphometrical studies. Therefore, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol was optimised that both reliably and rapidly identifies X. vuittenezi. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) species-specific primer of ribosomal DNA gene of X. vuittenezi was used. Nine populations of this species from Central Bohemia were investigated by means of PCR.

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Green, Michael R., and Joseph Sambrook. "The Basic Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)." Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2018, no. 5 (May 2018): pdb.prot095117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot095117.

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Green, Michael R., and Joseph Sambrook. "Hot Start Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)." Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2018, no. 5 (May 2018): pdb.prot095125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot095125.

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Mohsen, A. "Molecular detection of Brucella in milk using polymerase chain reaction." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 18, No. 3 (January 1, 2000): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/8318-cjfs.

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Brucellosis is a highly contagious disease affecting a wide variety of farm animals. It is also an important zoonosis, and man is often infected following contact with infected animals or the consumption of contaminated milk and milk products. At present, mainly bacteriological and serological detection methods are used. A bacteriological method takes days to weeks to grow the organism besides its health hazard. Serological tests are faster but antigen–antibody interactions can be faulted by non-specific interactions. A method for direct detection of Brucella melitensis in 1 ml of milk was developed on the basis of enzymatic treatment of milk components and subsequent PCR and line probe assay (LPA). After PCR, 3 × 104 CFU/ml sensitivity was obtained by agarose gel electrophoresis and LPA. The safety and sensitivity of LPA combined with its speed suggests the potential of this technique for diagnosis of brucellosis in milk rather than the time consuming classical methods.

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Nazir, Iffat, Hafiz Zaid Mahmood, and Sana E Mustafa. "Polymerase chain reaction: a creative review." Journal of Applied Biotechnology & Bioengineering 7, no. 4 (July 23, 2020): 157–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jabb.2020.07.00228.

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In molecular biology, a scientific technique PCR (polymerase chain reaction) is used to generate thousands to millions of copies of a single particular DNA sequences to amplify a single or few copies of a piece of DNA across several orders of magnitude. For multiple applications, PCR is an ordinary and often vital practice used in medicinal and biological research labs and is used for diagnosis and investigation of multiple diseases. In PCR mainly three major steps are involved. Denaturation, annealing, and extension. PCR can be used to detect not only the human genome but also the genome of viruses and bacteria. PCR is especially useful in forensic laborites because a very small amount of original DNA is required. In the development of cancer, genes have been implicated through PCR

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Ahrberg, Christian D., Andreas Manz, and Bong Geun Chung. "Polymerase chain reaction in microfluidic devices." Lab on a Chip 16, no. 20 (2016): 3866–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6lc00984k.

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Amigo, Cristina Román, Debora Dirani Sena de Gobbi, Vasco Túlio de Moura Gomes, Danilo do Prado Perina, Pedro Henrique Nogueira de Lima Filsner, Barbara Letícia Pereira Costa, Maria Garcia Spindola, Thais Sebastiana Porfida Ferreira, Paulo Eduardo Brandão, and Andrea Micke Moreno. "Actinobaculum suisDetection Using Polymerase Chain Reaction." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/572732.

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Actinobaculum suisis an important agent related to urinary infection in swine females. Due to its fastidious growth characteristics, the isolation of this anaerobic bacterium is difficult, thus impairing the estimation of its prevalence. The purpose of this study was to develop and test a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection and identification ofA. suisand then compare these results with traditional isolation methods. Bacterial isolation and PCR were performed on one hundred and ninety-two urine samples from sows and forty-five preputial swabs from boars. The results indicate that this PCR was specific forA. suis, presenting a detection limit between1.0×101 CFU/mL and1.0×102 CFU/mL.A. suisfrequencies, as measured by PCR, were 8.9% (17/192) in sow urine samples and 82.2% (37/45) in preputial swabs. Assessed using conventional culturing techniques, none of the urine samples were positive forA. suis; however,A. suiswas detected in 31.1% (14/45) of the swabs. This PCR technique was shown to be an efficient method for the detection ofA. suisin urine and preputial swabs.

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Rahman, Md Tahminur, Muhammed Salah Uddin, Razia Sultana, Arumina Moue, and Muntahina Setu. "Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): A Short Review." Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal 4, no. 1 (February 6, 2013): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/akmmcj.v4i1.13682.

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Diagnosis of disease now a days is mostly laboratory dependent. Due to recent advances in medical science and molecular biology, most of the diagnosis of uncommon, complicated, unusual presentation of disease has left the option of molecular diagnosis as the number one diagnostic modalities. Many molecular techniques are now being widely used throughout the world including PCR, flow cytometry, tissue microarray, different blots, and genetic diagnosis. Among these PCR is the most widely accepted, commonly used diagnostic modalities with very high specificity and sensitivity for correct diagnosis. We have reviewed the principle, application, advantages and disadvantages of PCR in laboratory diagnosis of disease. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/akmmcj.v4i1.13682 AKMMC J 2013: 4(1): 30-36

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Carlos Navarro Venegas. "In memorial: The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 11, no. 1 (July 30, 2022): 074–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2022.11.1.0101.

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A minute of silence. Kary Banks Mullis has died (08/07/2019). Kary Mullis was an American Biochemist and Doctor of Chemistry who developed the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in 1985, considered one of the most important legacies in the history of Humanity, along with the description of DNA (Watson, Crick and Franklin) and the theory of Relativity (Einstein). Currently, I consider anyone who does not know the PCR developed by Kary Mullis to be illiterate, since it is a molecular technique that came to stay just like COVID19. Unlike the current disease, PCR is a molecular tool that allows a DNA fragment of interest to be amplified to a level of at least one billion copies.

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Ehtisham, Mohammad, Firdous Wani, Iram Wani, Prabhjot Kaur, and Sheeba Nissar. "Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): Back to Basics." Indian Journal of Contemporary Dentistry 4, no. 2 (2016): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2320-5962.2016.00030.9.

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Ederhof, Tobias, Nils G. Walter, and Andreas Schober. "On-line polymerase chain reaction (PCR) monitoring." Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Methods 37, no. 3 (November 1998): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-022x(98)00011-6.

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Green, Michael R., and Joseph Sambrook. "Screening Colonies by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)." Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2019, no. 6 (June 2019): pdb.prot095224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot095224.

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Forloni, Matteo, Alex Y. Liu, and Narendra Wajapeyee. "Megaprimer Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-Based Mutagenesis." Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2019, no. 6 (June 2019): pdb.prot097824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot097824.

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Abdel-Hamid, Nour H., Eman I. M. Beleta, Mohamed A. Kelany, Rania I. Ismail, Nadia A. Shalaby, and Manal H. M. Khafagi. "Validation of real-time polymerase chain reaction versus conventional polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of brucellosis in cattle sera." January-2021 14, no. 1 (2021): 144–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.144-154.

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Background and Aim: Different polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques have and are still being used for the direct detection of Brucella DNA in serum samples of different animal species and humans without being validated or properly validated, resulting in discrepancies. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the TaqMan Real- Time-PCR (RT-PCR) targeting the bcsp31 gene versus conventional PCR for the accurate diagnosis of brucellosis at the genus level in cattle sera. Materials and Methods: One hundred and eighty-four serum samples were collected from bacteriologically positive and negative cows with ages ranging from 1 to 5 years old at some infected private farms in the Nile Delta under quarantine measures as well as brucellosis free farms. These samples were classified into four groups after serological diagnosis and investigated by TaqMan RT-PCR and conventional PCR targeting the IS711 gene for Brucella DNA detection. The diagnostic performance characteristics of both PCR techniques were estimated considering the bacteriological results as a gold standard. Results: TaqMan RT-PCR revealed superiority over conventional PCR; it was able to detect Brucella DNA in 95% (67/70) and 89% (25/28) of the cattle sera samples belonging to Group 1 (serologically and bacteriologically positive) and Group 2 (serologically negative but bacteriologically positive), respectively. On evaluating the diagnostic performance, TaqMan RT-PCR showed superior diagnostic sensitivity (93.9%), diagnostic specificity (88.4%), performance index (182.3), almost perfect kappa agreement (0.825±0.042), strong positive correlation (r=0.826), high accuracy based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and area under the ROC curve (0.911) at p<0.05 and CI of 95%. Conclusion: A cattle serum sample is not the metric of choice for targeting Brucella genomic DNA by conventional PCR. The time-saving and rapid TaqMan RT-PCR method revealed a better diagnostic performance in the detection of Brucella DNA in cattle sera. Such performance offered by TaqMan RT-PCR may be considered a step toward the possibility of using such technology in the direct differentiation between Brucella-infected and -vaccinated cattle immunized by smooth vaccines from cattle sera using primers specific for such vaccines.

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Reno, William L., D. Olga Mcdaniel, William W. Turner, and Mark D. Williams. "Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Detection of Bacteremia." American Surgeon 67, no. 6 (June 2001): 508–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313480106700603.

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Analysis of blood by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a more rapid and sensitive method to detect bacteremia than blood culture. The PCR was performed on blood obtained from patients during blood culture draws and on blood from normal volunteers. Eighty-seven patients provided 125 blood samples for blood culture comparison with PCR. Specific PCR primers for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli that targeted conserved regions common to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were used. Selective stringency conditions identified other Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The blood culture agreed with the PCR in 93 of the 125 patient specimens (74%). In 29 of these specimens the PCR was positive yet the blood culture was negative. When clinical information was included with positive blood culture to define sepsis in these patients and their specimens were added to the positive blood cultures the statistical accuracy of PCR was 93 per cent. Only three of the 78 specimens with negative PCR had positive blood cultures. The PCR was negative in all but one of the 50 volunteers. PCR is more sensitive than blood culture, and it can quickly rule out bacteremia.

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Herponi, Arpian. "Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique : Overview and Evolution Uses." Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology Journal 1, no. 2 (August 19, 2021): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37275/nasetjournal.v2i2.7.

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PCR has gotten one among the chief important strategies presently used in bioscience, diagnostics and measurable science. Here we survey the historical backdrop of PCR improvement and subsequently the advances that have developed from the principal PCR technique. As of now, there are two principle regions of PCR usage in bioscience: high-throughput PCR frameworks and microfluidics-based PCR gadgets for purpose of-care (POC) applications. We likewise examine the commercialization of those strategies and close with a look into their changes and use in imaginative territories of biomedicine. for example , ongoing opposite record PCR is that the highest quality level for SARS-CoV-2 judgments. It could even be utilized for POC applications, being a critical segment of the example to-answer framework.

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Kalina, J., J. Mucksová, H. Yan, and P. Trefil. " Rapid sexing of selected Galliformes by polymerase chain reaction." Czech Journal of Animal Science 57, No. 4 (April 27, 2012): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5894-cjas.

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Vent sexing of one-day-old chicks in commercial hatcheries has long been common practice and can be highly accurate. However, there are circumstances when this technique is not applicable such as smaller breeds, non-domestic birds, or where is the necessity of precise sexing. In this study we present a simple and reliable method for fast gender determination in selected Galliformes for which phenotypic determination of sex is difficult until maturity. Four species were tested: two commercial species – chicken (Gallus gallus) and turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), and two game birds – common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) and wood grouse (Tetraro urogallus). DNA was tested with universal single-pair primers polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detecting W chromosome specific sequence yielding a single band of length specific for each species. The method was developed with regards to time consumption and cost-effectiveness giving results in less than two hours. The method may also be used for early sexing in commercial chicken and turkey flocks as well as sexing of smaller game birds flocks or for research laboratories when rapid sexing of selected Galliformes cells is required.  

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Cahill, P., K. Foster, and D. E. Mahan. "Polymerase chain reaction and Q beta replicase amplification." Clinical Chemistry 37, no. 9 (September 1, 1991): 1482–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/37.9.1482.

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Abstract The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Q beta replicase are two methods in which nucleic acid polymerases are used for amplification. Although these approaches share many similar problems concerning target contamination and probe specificity, they differ dramatically in their mechanisms of action and modes of application. The PCR method amplifies target sequences between two priming oligonucleotides and in essence amplifies a portion of the analyte. Q beta replicase, on the other hand, amplifies a specific template molecule hybridized to target sequences and therefore amplifies a signal component of the system. For this reason, Q beta replicase amplification has applications in areas other than for the detection of nucleic acid sequences. The requirements for application and the advantages of both PCR and Q beta replicase amplification are reviewed.

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Yang, Zhu, Bei Shen, Lihuan Yue, Yuqing Miao, Yihong Hu, and Ruizhuo Ouyang. "Application of Nanomaterials to Enhance Polymerase Chain Reaction." Molecules 27, no. 24 (December 13, 2022): 8854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27248854.

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Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is one of the most common technologies used to produce millions of copies of targeted nucleic acid in vitro and has become an indispensable technique in molecular biology. However, it suffers from low efficiency and specificity problems, false positive results, and so on. Although many conditions can be optimized to increase PCR yield, such as the magnesium ion concentration, the DNA polymerases, the number of cycles, and so on, they are not all-purpose and the optimization can be case dependent. Nano-sized materials offer a possible solution to improve both the quality and productivity of PCR. In the last two decades, nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted significant attention and gradually penetrated the field of life sciences because of their unique chemical and physical properties, such as their large surface area and small size effect, which have greatly promoted developments in life science and technology. Additionally, PCR technology assisted by NPs (NanoPCR) such as gold NPs (Au NPs), quantum dots (QDs), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), etc., have been developed to significantly improve the specificity, efficiency, and sensitivity of PCR and to accelerate the PCR reaction process. This review discusses the roles of different types of NPs used to enhance PCR and summarizes their possible mechanisms.

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Dell'isola, B., O. Gaillot, P. Amouriaux, G. Baranton, I. Saint Girons, M. Simonet, and J. C. Valcke. "Diagnostic biologique de la leptospirose par PCR (polymerase chain reaction)." La Revue de Médecine Interne 14, no. 8 (January 1993): 805–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0248-8663(05)81430-4.

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Pan, Jiakui, Haikuo Li, Xueyan Cao, Jiehuan Huang, Xiaodong Zhang, Chunhai Fan, and Jun Hu. "Nanogold-Assisted Multi-Round Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 7, no. 12 (December 1, 2007): 4428–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2007.887.

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We have previously demonstrated that nanogold effectively enhances the specificity and yield of error-prone two-round polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Here we reported that, with the assistance of nanogold, we could perform multi-round PCR. In the presence of appropriate amount of 10 nm nanogold, we could obtain the target product even after six rounds of PCR, as manifested by a single bright band in gel electrophoresis (1% agarose). In fact, we could still observe the target band even at the 7th round of PCR, which nevertheless was accompanied by smearing bands (non-specific amplification). In contrast, in the absence of nanogold, the target band was completely lost only after four rounds of amplification. This marked difference in the performance of multi-round PCR clearly showed that nanogold was a powerful enhancer for PCR. More importantly, with this nanogold-assisted multi-round PCR, it might be possible to produce a large amount of target DNA, or to amply very low copies of genomic DNA from rare sources.

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Green, Michael R., and Joseph Sambrook. "Labeling of DNA Probes by Polymerase Chain Reaction." Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2022, no. 3 (December 14, 2021): pdb.prot100610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot100610.

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The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be used to produce both nonradiolabeled DNA probes and radiolabeled DNA probes with high specific activity. In this protocol, PCR is used to generate double-stranded probes. Related methods, including the generation of asymmetric probes by PCR, are also discussed.

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Pascual, Leonor, Sara Pérez-Luz, Antonio Amo, Carmen Moreno, David Apraiz, and Vicente Catalán. "Detection ofLegionella pneumophilain bioaerosols by polymerase chain reaction." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 47, no. 4 (April 1, 2001): 341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w01-012.

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Most studies focusing on detecting microorganisms in air by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have used a liquid impinger to sample bioaerosols, mainly because a liquid sample is easy to be processed by PCR analysis. Nevertheless, the use of multiple-hole impactors for the analysis of bioaerosols by PCR has not been reported despite its great utility in culture analysis. In this study we have modified the impaction onto an agar surface sampling method to impaction onto a liquid medium using the MAS-100 air sampler (Merck) (single-stage multiple-hole impactor). To evaluate the recovery of airborne microorganisms of both sampling methods, a suspension containing Escherichia coli was artificially aerosolized and bioaerosols were collected onto Tergitol-7 agar and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) with the MAS-100. A linear regression analysis of the results showed a strong positive correlation between both sampling methods (r = 0.99, slope 0.99, and y intercept 0.07). Afterwards, the method of impingement into a liquid medium was used to study airborne Legionella pneumophila by PCR. A total of 64 samples were taken at a wastewater treatment plant, a chemical plant, and an office building and analyzed by culture and PCR. Results showed that three samples were positive both by PCR and plate culture, and that nine samples negative by plate culture were positive by PCR, proving that L. pneumophila was present in bioaerosols from these three different environments. The results demonstrate the utility of this single-stage multiple-hole impactor for sampling bioaerosols, both by culture and by PCR.Key words: Legionella pneumophila, bioaerosols, PCR, multiple-hole impactor.

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Green, Michael R., and Joseph Sambrook. "Cloning Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Products: TA Cloning." Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2021, no. 6 (June 2021): pdb.prot101303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot101303.

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TRIVIZAKI (Σ. ΤΡΙΒΙΖΑΚΗ), S., and G. THEODOROPOULOS (Γ. ΘΕΟΔΩΡΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ). "Application of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in parasitology." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 51, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15652.

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The method of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is applied for parasite identification, for studying genetic diversity between phylums, families and species of parasites, as well as for the diagnosis and epidemiological study of parasitic diseases. The biggest advantage of PCR is its higher sensitivity in comparison to other classical indirect diagnostic methods.

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Mueller, R. F., G. R. Taylor, A. D. Stewart, J. S. Noble, P. Quirke, G. Batcup, and A. Ivinson. "Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on fixed necropsy material." Journal of Medical Genetics 27, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 67–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jmg.27.1.67.

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&NA;. "Diagnostic applications of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 789 (June 1991): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199107890-00064.

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Wheeler, Ross C., Joseph E. Chaiban, and Kenneth H. Johnston. "POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR) ANALYSIS OF NEPHRITOGENIC STREPTOKINASES." Southern Medical Journal 83, Supplement (September 1990): 2S—58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-199009001-00228.

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Chaudhry, Uma, and Daman Saluja. "Detection ofNeisseria Gonorrhoeae by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)." Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry 14, no. 2 (July 1999): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02867911.

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Haas, A., H. M. Nitschko, G. Anding, and G. Ruckdeschel. "Detection ofAspergillus fumigatus by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)." Experientia 52, no. 4 (April 1996): 295–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01919510.

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Green, Michael R., and Joseph Sambrook. "Long and Accurate Polymerase Chain Reaction (LA PCR)." Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2019, no. 3 (March 2019): pdb.prot095158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot095158.

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Ross, Robert S., and Kenneth R. Chien. "The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cardiovascular diagnosis." Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine 1, no. 1 (January 1991): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1050-1738(91)90051-f.

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Porta, Angela R., and Edward Enners. "Determining Annealing Temperatures for Polymerase Chain Reaction." American Biology Teacher 74, no. 4 (April 1, 2012): 256–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2012.74.4.9.

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The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a common technique used in high school and undergraduate science teaching. Students often do not fully comprehend the underlying principles of the technique and how optimization of the protocol affects the outcome and analysis. In this molecular biology laboratory, students learn the steps of PCR with an emphasis on primer composition and annealing temperature, which they manipulate to test the effect on successful DNA amplification. Students design experiments to test their hypotheses, promoting a discovery-based approach to laboratory teaching and development of critical-thinking and reasoning skills.

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Kilpatrick, D. C. "HLA-B27 Determination by Polymerase Chain Reaction." Disease Markers 12, no. 4 (1996): 247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1996/184375.

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A method for determining the presence or absence of HLA-827 by selective amplification of a region in the third exon of the HLA-B27 gene common to B*270 I to B*2705 inclusive, was evaluated. This polymerase chain reaction/sequence specific primer (PCR-SSP) method gave perfect correlation with serological typing on 40 individuals of previously determined HLA type and on 50 further clinical samples elaluated blind. It was concluded that HLA-B27 determination by PCR-SSP is simple, reliable. cost-effectile and convient for laboratory staff.

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Koesharyani, Isti, Lila Gardenia, and Hambali Supriyadi. "MULTI INFEKSI PADA UDANG Litopenaeus vannamei : DIAGNOSIS DENGAN POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR) DAN REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE-POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (RT-PCR)." Jurnal Riset Akuakultur 7, no. 1 (April 30, 2012): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.7.1.2012.73-84.

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Penelitian ini dilakukan karena adanya masalah yang dihadapi seperti pertumbuhan udang yang tidak seragam (ukuran bervariasi), penampakan klinis yang abnormal dan organ yang tidak sempurna. Gejala tersebut akibat dari infeksi penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus. Untuk mengetahui jenis virus yang menyerang udang tersebut, maka dilakukan analisis Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) dan Reverse TranscriptasePolymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) menggunakan berbagai jenis spesifik primer WSSV, IHHNV, MBV, TSV, IMNV, dan PvNV. Sampel udang yang secara visual normal dan abnormal diambil lalu disimpan dalam larutan pengawet 90% Ethanol dan RNAlater kemudian dianalisis di laboratorium dengan metode yang sudah dikembangkan oleh Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perikanan Budidaya. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa udang yang tumbuh lambat dan mempunyai rostrum bengkok dan warna otot daging memutih ternyata tidak hanya diserang oleh satu virus namun dua virus IHHNV dan IMNV. Hasil penelitian ini juga mengindikasikan bahwa udang yang terserang IHHNV akan tumbuh lambat walaupun tidak mematikan, sedangkan udang yang diserang IMNV otot daging di tubuh memutih terutama pada bagian punggung dan dapat menimbulkan kematian.

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Gubiš, J., M. Hudcovicová, and M. Gubišová. "Rapid Detection and Quantification of Rhynchosporium secalis in Barley Using a Polymerase Chain Reaction." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 42, No. 3 (November 21, 2011): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3650-cjgpb.

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PCR primers for diagnosis of Rhynchosporium secalis in seed samples of barley were developed. For the quantification of the pathogen in seed samples a real-time PCR with SYBR Green approach was used. Amounts from 1.8 to 419.1 pg of R. secalis DNA per 100 ng of total DNA were detected in 18 samples of barley seeds contaminated by R. secalis in field conditions. The correctness of this quantitative analysis was checked using an artificial infection of seeds with 1, 2, 5 and 20% level of infection by R. secalis. The level of contamination of artificially infected samples decreased with a lowering amount of added seed powder contaminated by the pathogen, the correlation coefficient for this analysis was 0.98. While the primer pair used in these analyses shows cross-reactions with other pathogens (P. teres, Drechslera tritici-repentis, F. culmorum and F. poe), it is recommended to check the products of RT-PCR by agarose-gel electrophoresis, in which these pathogens are easily distinguishable from R. secalis by different lengths of the amplified fragments.  

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Zurak, Dora, Kristina Kljak, and Željka Cvrtila. "Polymerase chain reaction in meat species identification." Meso 23, no. 6 (December 15, 2021): 514–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31727/m.23.6.1.

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Lebensmittel gelten als authentisch, wenn das Produkt oder sein Inhalt mit dem Originalzustand und den Angaben auf der Deklaration übereinstimmt. Abweichungen von den Behauptungen und Angaben auf der Deklaration werden als Verstöße gegen die Lebensmittelvorschriften angesehen. Aufgrund des gestiegenen Bewusstseins für das Problem und die negativen Auswirkungen von Lebensmittelbetrug wird der Fleischkonsum maßgeblich von der Wahrnehmung der Verbraucher in Bezug auf die Lebensmittelqualität und Sicherheit beeinflusst. Daher ist eine genaue Etikettierung einer der wichtigsten Faktoren, die die Verbraucherpräferenzen bei der Auswahl und dem Kauf von Fleisch und Fleischerzeugnissen beeinflussen. Aus diesem Grund sind Analysemethoden zur Überprüfung der Echtheit von Fleisch und Fleischerzeugnissen wichtig, um die Produktqualität, Lebensmittelsicherheit und den Verbraucherschutz zu gewährleisten. Die Substitution von Fleischsorten ist nicht das einzige Kriterium für die Bestimmung der Echtheit von Fleisch und Fleischerzeugnissen, sondern auch die Herkunft des Fleisches, die Behandlung des Fleisches und der Zusatz von sonstigen Zutaten. Die Polymerase-Kettenreaktion (PCR) und die davon abgeleiteten Technologien haben sich als die am besten geeigneten Methoden zur Identifizierung von Arten in rohem und technologisch verarbeitetem Fleisch erwiesen. Die PCR-Methoden basieren hauptsächlich auf der Identifizierung der Zielregion der mitochondrialen DNA, was den Nachweis von Arten in einer breiten Palette von Fleischerzeugnissen ermöglicht, einschließlich aller Haustiere und des für den menschlichen Verzehr bestimmten Wildfleischs. Sie haben jedoch auch einige Nachteile. So eignet sich beispielsweise die zufällig amplifizierte polymorphe DNA (PCR-RAPD) nicht für den Artennachweis in Fleischmischungen und in thermisch verarbeitetem Fleisch. Andererseits sind einige Methoden teuer und zeitaufwendig, und die Ergebnisse sind schwer zu interpretieren. In diesem Artikel werden die wichtigsten PCR-basierten Methoden zur Identifizierung von Fleischarten vorgestellt und beschrieben.

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Zagklavara, Foteini, Peter K. Jimack, Nikil Kapur, Osvaldo M. Querin, and Harvey M. Thompson. "Optimisation of microfluidic polymerase chain reaction devices." E3S Web of Conferences 321 (2021): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132101007.

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The invention and development of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technology have revolutionised molecular biology and molecular diagnostics. There is an urgent need to optimise the performance of these devices while reducing the total construction and operation costs. This study proposes a CFD-enabled optimisation methodology for continuous flow (CF) PCR devices with serpentine-channel structure, which enables the optimisation of DNA amplification efficiency and pressure drop to be explored while varying the width (W) and height (H) of the microfluidic (μ) channel. This is achieved by using a surrogate-enabled optimisation approach accounting for the geometrical features of a μCFPCR device by performing a series of simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4®. The values of the objectives are extracted from the CFD solutions, and the response surfaces are created using polyharmonic splines. Genetic algorithms are then used to locate the optimum design parameters. The results indicate that there is the possibility of improving the DNA concentration and the pressure drop in a PCR cycle by ~2.1 % ([W, H] = [400 μm, 50 μm]) and ~95.2 % ([W, H] = [400 μm, 80 μm]) respectively, by modifying its geometry.

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Ma, Shou-Yu, Yu-Cheng Chiang, Chia-Hsien Hsu, Jyh-Jian Chen, Chin-Chi Hsu, An-Chong Chao, and Yung-Sheng Lin. "Peanut Detection Using Droplet Microfluidic Polymerase Chain Reaction Device." Journal of Sensors 2019 (May 2, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4712084.

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In this study, we integrated genetic detection for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with microfluidics technology for the detection of peanut DNA. A cross-junction microchannel was used to induce emulsion droplets of water in oil for PCR on a chip. Compared with the single-phase flow, the emulsion droplet flow exhibited a 7.24% lower evaporation amount and prevented air bubble generation. PCR results of the droplet microfluidic PCR chip for peanut DNA fragment detection was verified by comparison with a commercial PCR thermal cycler and increased fluorescence intensity in SYBR Green reagent-based PCR. Moreover, PCR on the microfluidic PCR chip was successful for sesame, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus aureus. The droplet microfluidic PCR device developed in this study can be applied for peanut detection in the context of food allergy.

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McBride, L. J., S. M. Koepf, R. A. Gibbs, W. Salser, P. E. Mayrand, M. W. Hunkapiller, and M. N. Kronick. "Automated DNA sequencing methods involving polymerase chain reaction." Clinical Chemistry 35, no. 11 (November 1, 1989): 2196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/35.11.2196.

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Abstract Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as a method for preparing DNA templates has been used for several DNA sequencing applications. An in situ procedure for directly sequencing PCR products by the dideoxy-termination method has been developed by using fluorophore-labeled sequencing primers. Completed sequence reactions were combined and loaded into a single electrophoretic lane of a fluorescence-based DNA sequence analyzer. DNA targets devoid of a universal primer sequence could be sequenced with labeled universal primers by incorporating a universal primer sequence into the PCR product. With this method, the sequence of a 351-bp region in the bacteriophage lambda genome was fully analyzed in a single lane with automatic base identification accuracy of greater than 99%. An unknown sequence, 1.7 kb long, also was sequenced by this procedure, in combination with a "PCR gene walking" strategy. Comparison of the 1110 bases in overlapping sequence data from both strands yielded only two single-base ambiguities. Automated DNA sequence analysis of the highly polymorphic HLA-DQA-1 (alpha) region in the human genome can be performed with this simple methodology. Use of this PCR-sequencing method to analyze DNA extracted from a one-month-old blood sample from an individual who is heterozygous at this locus allowed unambiguous assignment of genotype.

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Saeed, Kordo B. A., and Nusreen S. Ahmad. "Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction: Applications in Diagnostic Microbiology." International Journal of Medical Students 1, no. 1 (April 30, 2013): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ijms.2013.22.

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The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has revolutionized the detection of DNA and RNA. Real-Time PCR (RT-PCR) is becoming the gold standard test for accurate, sensitive and fast diagnosis for a large range of infectious agents. Benefits of this procedure over conventional methods for measuring RNA include its sensitivity, high throughout and quantification. RT-PCR assays have advanced the diagnostic abilities of clinical laboratories particularly microbiology and infectious diseases. In this review we would like to briefly discuss RT-PCR in diagnostic microbiology laboratory, beginning with a general introduction to RT-PCR and its principles, setting up an RT-PCR, including multiplex systems and the avoidance and remediation of contamination issues. A segment of the review would be devoted to the application of RT-PCR in clinical practice concentrating on its role in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)'

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