Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Polymères biosourcés'
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Bru, François. "Hydrophobisation de matériaux biosourcés cellulosiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2023. https://thares.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/2023GRALV004.pdf.
Full textThis PhD thesis have been made in the frame of a European project, where the objective is to produce a 100% cellulosic food packaging material that would be biobased, biodegradable and recyclable. Microfibrillated cellulose films, have shown interesting barrier properties to grease and oxygen. However, the barrier properties to water and water vapor of such film are very poor because of the hydrophilic nature of cellulose. A process of chemical modification named chromatogeny and used at pilot scale, consists to the deposition, diffusion and grafting of fatty acids at the surface of cellulosic materials to bring them hydrophobic properties. This technology has shown interesting results in the case of porous cellulosic substrates but present some grafting limitations when applied to dense structures such as microfibrillated cellulose film. In this PhD work, the objective was to bring a better understanding about the diffusion and grafting phenome in a dense microfibrillated cellulose film as well as the structure and water barrier property relationship. To do so, a gas phase process established at lab scale and already used for cellulose aerogel grafting have been investigated. In a first step, a new gas phase reactor has been designed in order to have temperature profiles to study the vaporization and condensation phenomena. Then, this process has been used to modify cellulose aerogel, using reagent with different chain length. One goal was to find the process parameters that allow to have a modification restricted to the surface or that modify the core of cellulose aerogel. In a second step, this gas phase process was used to modify microfibrillated cellulose films. Firstly, a structure modification protocol has been determined and has shown the increase of the specific surface area and the porosity of the microfibrillated cellulose film. Then, those structure modified films have been grafted using the gas phase process and different level of grafting have been reached. Different level of hydrophobic properties has also been reached and correlated with the substitution degree. Finally, a theoretical study has investigated the penetration depth of the grafting reagent in the microfibrillated cellulose film thickness. Molecular modeling and a calculation based on the volume expansion of the film are the tools that have been used. Those calculations have shown a very high increase of the thickness linked to the chemical modification with a fatty acid which have been confirmed by the measurements of the thickness of gas phase modified films. Also, a coloration technic was used to show the location of the grafting reagent in the thickness of a modified film
Balarezo, Mauricio. "Synthèse de (co)polymères biosourcés par polymérisation radicalaire (contrôlée)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS006.
Full textTo be more respectful of the environment, chemists are moving more and more towards green and eco-responsible chemistry. In this context, we wished, in this thesis, to develop the synthesis of biosourced (co)polymers by radical polymerization using particularly reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP). Indeed, this polymerization technique has allowed great progress in polymer chemistry because it combines the simplicity of radical polymerization with the advantages of living polymerizations for the development of well-defined macromolecular architectures. To achieve this, the biobased monomers used must contain a polymerizable function. Therefore, either biobased monomers or biobased molecules that have been functionalized were used. Among the RDRP methods, we opted for reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) radical polymerization. We also combined this method with the "PISA" (polymerization-induced self-assembly) approach to generate biosourced amphiphilic block copolymers in a green solvent (mainly water) and thus obtain polymeric particles with spherical morphology. For the solvophilic block, we first opted for poly(acrylic acid) because acrylic acid (AA) can be obtained from renewable resources. We then also looked at two other biobased monomers: itaconic acid (IA) and α-methylene-γ- butyrolactone (MBL). Regarding the solvophobic block, we were first interested in menthol, a terpene with a hydroxyl function that was functionalized with an acrylate group. This allowed us to synthesize for the first time biosourced nanoparticles using the RAFT-PISA process in dispersion in a green solvent. In a second step, we worked on two lignin-derived styrenic monomers, acetylated vinyl guaiacol (AcVG) and para-acetoxystyrene (AcST). Spherical nanoparticles whose diameter can be modulated with the length of the hydrophobic block were obtained using the RAFT-PISA process in water emulsion
Lagel, Marie-Christine. "Développement de nouveaux matériaux à base de polymères naturels et leurs applications." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0178/document.
Full textWith the constant increase of oil prices and with the dwindling of fossil resources, "green" alternatives must be found. Thus, first research was conducted on the possibility to develop synthetic phenolic adhesives for wood-based panels where a part of phenol was substituted by wheat proteins. Similarly, tannins which are natural polyphenolic molecules can be used as an alternative to synthetic chemical products. Chestnut tannin, a hydrolysable tannin was used to substitute part of phenol during the synthesis of phenolic resins. The characteristics of these resins were studied and the resins used for the manufacture of rigid phenolic foams. This is a new step towards the development and future commercialization of more environmentally friendly materials. Furthermore, condensed flavonoid tannins were also used in the development of tannins-furanic biobased rigid foams. Quebracho wood tannin extract was coupled with furfuryl alcohol another material of natural, agricultural origin. These "green" foams show good mechanical strength, good thermal performance and do not burn, thus they are entirely suitable for use in building insulation. Finally, new types of materials made from the same natural products (tannins and furfuryl alcohol) were developed during the research described in this thesis: biobased abrasive and friction materials. Abrasive wheels and abrasive discs for steel molding and steel cutting using a biobased matrix were thus developed and tested. Moreover, automotive brake pads were prepared and were tested under real vehicle application conditions. All these new materials showed excellent properties compared to commercial materials and yielded excellent results comparable and sometime superior to their synthetic commercial equivalents
Ecochard, Yvan. "Élaboration de polymères 100 % biosourcés pour matériaux composites à impact environnemental réduit." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS070.
Full textDIAM Bouchage develops composites from cork flour and binder in order to produce technological cork-stoppers carried out by a molding process. To get rid of the use of isocyanates for polyurethanes synthesis, new pathways for 100% biobased polymers without the use of CMR substances are considered. As the most promising route for Non-Isocyanate PolyUrethanes (NIPUs) synthesis, Polyhydroxyurethanes (PHUs) have been chosen. The presented study concerns the synthesis, the characterization and the formulation of a new PHU binder from cyclocarbonates and amines.Among available biobased reactants and synthetic pathways, few monomers have been selected in accordance with specifications. This has led to PHUs materials and cork-stoppers development to identify the best formulations. New hybrids routes have finally been developed to overcome PHUs limitations such as reactivity and conversion. Acrylates have been used as reactive additives or cross-linkers for PHU-amino telechelic prepolymers. New cyclic carbonates monomers of low viscosity and high functionality have also been synthesized to solve process issues
Lecoublet, Morgan. "Ρrοpriétés Diélectriques des Μatériaux Biοsοurcés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMR027.
Full textIn a context of sustainable development and public awareness of environmental issues, biobased polymers represent a promising niche in the industrial sector, with a strong growth potential. This is a favorable context for the development of new biobased and/or biodegradable structures suitable for a wide range of dielectric applications, but many limitations still exist to fully benefit from the dielectric performance of biobased polymers. This thesis is part of a broader effort to promote the use of biobased materials in the dielectric field, proposing an advanced study of the multiphysical properties, particularly dielectric properties, of biobased polymers to identify applications in dielectric fields suitable for such materials. In the first phase of the thesis, an advanced literature review identified three biobased polymers with high potential for the dielectric field, i.e. polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxybutyrate-co-valerate (PHBV) and cellulose acetate (CA). Their dielectric performance were comparable to conventional synthetic polymers used in electrical insulation, such as polyethylene, polypropylene and epoxy resin. In addition, the literature review also identified three potential strategies to encourage the use of bio-based polymers in electrical insulation, i.e. the development of polymer blends, the creation of bio(nano)composites based on cellulosic fillers, and the use of new processing techniques such as 3D printing. The second phase of the thesis proposes the creation of polymer blends and 3D printing to obtain 3D-printed PLA-based materials for application in electrical insulation. Preliminary results showed that PLA : CA blends were the most promising for the continuation of the project and were therefore chosen for the 3D printing step. The addition of CA improved the mechanical stability of PLA in a rubbery state, but also slightly reduced their electrical insulation capacity. An optimization step using a Taguchi design resulted in 3D-printed polymer blends samples with mechanical rigidity and electrical insulation capacity comparable to low-density polyethylene. The final phase of the thesis proposes to combine the use of cellulose-based bio(nano)composites and 3D printing to obtain PLA-based materials for application in electrical insulation. Two different fillers were used and compared: cellulose microcrystals (MCC) and cellulose nanocrystals (NCC). The results showed that the addition of cellulose fillers improved the mechanical rigidity of the materials, but also slightly reduced their electrical insulation capacity. A factorial design optimization step produced cellulose-reinforced biocomposites with superior mechanical properties to polypropylene, while offering comparable electrical insulation properties. This thesis therefore proposes biobased and even compostable alternatives to polyethylene and polypropylene in the electrical insulation field, through the combined use of different strategies easily applicable on an industrial scale, in line with a sustainable development approach
Rivieres, Bastien. "Développement de résines ablatives biosourcées." Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIMS034.
Full textAblative thermal protection materials are key components of aerospace engineering. They provide insulation to vehicles exposed to severe heating conditions. Phenolic resins are widely used in such composite materials due to their outstanding thermal properties attributed to the three-dimensional network of aromatic structures arising from polycondensation reactions between phenol and formaldehyde. However, such chemicals exhibit a negative health, safety and environment profile which induces a high risk of obsolescence for any material involving such precursors. Therefore, highly processable ablative thermosetting polymers leading to char yields higher than 50 % (at 900 °C under inert atmosphere) were developed based on environmentally more favorable chemicals. Two solvent-free resins are proposed. The first option is a commercially available grade of poly(furfuryl alcohol). The manufacturing of composite materials demonstrated the high potential of the proposed formulations. The second option was obtained at the lab scale from the introduction of propargylic functions onto aromatic precursors which can be obtained from biomass conversion processes. The optimization of the formulations led to highly promising thermal and thermomechanical properties. The manufacturing of composite materials is required to demonstrate the ablative behaviour of the proposed new thermosetting formulations
Hammami, Nadia. "Synthèse et étude des propriétés physico-chimiques de polymères biosourcés à base d'isosorbide." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS127.
Full textThis research work aims to valorise isosorbide (IS) for biobased polymeric materials using original methods. After a short introduction of this molecule, we presented the different synthesis pathways and application fields of chemical and polymers already developed in scientific community. These compounds are classically obtained through many functionalization/synthesis steps with processes far away from green chemistry. Our first strategy based on the development of polyacetals derived from isosorbide (PAIS) was explained. A reaction scheme involving isosorbide with methylene halogenate in a non-toxic solvent (DMSO) was retained. The influence of different experimental parameters (stirring mode, reaction period and stoichiometry) was carefully analysed. Best results were achieved with high-speed mechanical stirring (more homogenous reactive solution, quantitative yield). The highest isosorbide concentrations led to the exclusive production of linear polyacetals (L-PAIS) whereas a low concentration under magnetic stirring conditions induced the formation of cyclic oligomers. Other macro-cycles (C-PAIS) with high molar weight were also produced. These different kinds of PAIS were characterised by various techniques (NMR, MALDI-TOF FTIR, SEC). Their physicochemical performances were also studied (TGA, DSC, rheology…) The length increase of polymer L-PAIS chains being challenged by cyclisation, we also explored lactide use (L- and racemic) as chain extender first by the reaction with IS then with L-PAIS. The La organometallic catalysis was more efficient than enzymatic pathway (PS lipase). Both chemical and physical analyses carried out with four polymeric grades derived from IS et lactide showed the added value of isosorbide molecule. Precise and reliable "structure-properties" relations including durability study were also led. Finally, similar approach could be applied for producing linear copolymers (PLLA-b-PAIS-b-PLLA and PRLA-b-PAIS-b-PRLA)
Ben, Chrait Imen. "Développement de réseaux polyuréthane à base d’oligocarbonates dihydroxytéléchéliques partiellement biosourcés." Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R071.
Full textPartially bio-based dihydroxytelechelic oligocarbonates were synthesized by melt transcarbonatation polymerization using isosorbide as the principal bio-sourced diol and an aliphatic diol as co-monomer with diphenyl carbonate in the presence of a catalyst. The oligomers were prepared by varying the ratio of the two diol monomers. The reaction conditions were optimized to reach full conversion whilst also removing any residual phenol (by-product of the reaction). The resulting oligomers bear isosorbide units at both extremities. The hydroxyl group content is further determined by 1H-NMR according to a derivatization method. All the oligocarbonate diols were amorphous and their Tg increases with increasing isosorbide content and rigidity of the co-monomer diol. These oligocarbonates were used to develop polyurethane coatings by adding a polyisocyanate. All the coatings obtained are transparent, glossy and have a very good solvents resistance. The thermal, mechanical and physicochemical properties of polyurethanes depend on the structures of the oligocarbonate and the polyisocyanate used
Ben, Chrait Imen. "Développement de réseaux polyuréthane à base d’oligocarbonates dihydroxytéléchéliques partiellement biosourcés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LILUR071.
Full textPartially bio-based dihydroxytelechelic oligocarbonates were synthesized by melt transcarbonatation polymerization using isosorbide as the principal bio-sourced diol and an aliphatic diol as co-monomer with diphenyl carbonate in the presence of a catalyst. The oligomers were prepared by varying the ratio of the two diol monomers. The reaction conditions were optimized to reach full conversion whilst also removing any residual phenol (by-product of the reaction). The resulting oligomers bear isosorbide units at both extremities. The hydroxyl group content is further determined by 1H-NMR according to a derivatization method. All the oligocarbonate diols were amorphous and their Tg increases with increasing isosorbide content and rigidity of the co-monomer diol. These oligocarbonates were used to develop polyurethane coatings by adding a polyisocyanate. All the coatings obtained are transparent, glossy and have a very good solvents resistance. The thermal, mechanical and physicochemical properties of polyurethanes depend on the structures of the oligocarbonate and the polyisocyanate used
Nonque, Florine. "Développement de nouveaux polymères biosourcés à base d'isosorbide par polymérisation radicalaire : synthèse, caractérisations et valorisation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUR027.
Full textIsosorbide is a biobased molecule with high rigidity and two alcohol functions of different reactivity. These properties have been used in the synthesis of new biobased polymers based on (meth)acrylate. The study of their polymerizability by classical radical route, in particular by kinetic studies as well as by the application of Mayo's law, allowed to highlight the predominance of transfer reactions to monomers and to the solvent, respectively in the case of acrylate and isosorbide methacrylate. The physicochemical characterization of the polymers obtained show a strong influence of the polymer size on its thermal properties. Moreover, the composition as well as the size of the polymer chain showed an influence on their solubility in aqueous media. In a second time, the obtained polymers were valorized in various applications going from the formation of self-assembled amphiphilic polymers to the surface treatment by way of the formation of thermosetting materials
Dadouche, Tarek. "Intérêt des polyesters biosourcés à structure macromoléculaire complexe pour le développement de mélanges à morphologie (nano)fibrillaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10170.
Full textThe present study is globally included in a general context of the elaboration of biobased polymers as an alternative to the traditional fossil polymers. In a first step, structural and rheological modifications of the biobased polyesters were carried out by reactive extrusion in order to improve their melt viscosity/elasticity. It has been found that the addition of 1% wt of Joncryl to a biobased polyester makes it possible to improve its elasticity and its elongational behavior. In a second step, the strategy of modifying biobased polymers by melt blend was studied to develop a nano(fibrillar) morphology during the process of extrusion and injection of a polylactic acid/polyamide blend (PLA / PA). Increasing the elasticity of the matrix (PLA) by reactive extrusion, it was possible to develop a nano(fibrillar) morphology during extrusion and injection. Through this study, the critical shear rate related to the nodule-fibril transition was determined and the results were in good agreement with the Ca/Ca(crit)≥4 fibrillation condition. Finally, a last section was devoted to the development of biobased polymer blends with a nano(fibrillar) morphology by film blowing process. The rheological parameters controlling the evolution of the morphology were studied in the case of extensional flow using poly(butylene succinate-coadipate)/polyamide 11 (PBSA/PA11) blends. It has been shown that the nodule-fibril transition is purely related to the extensional flow applied at the die exit of the extruder and, the maintenance of the strain hardening of the PBSA matrix depends on the development of the PA11 fibrils under extensional flow
Hallavant, Kylian. "Etude de la mobilité moléculaire de polyesters biosourcés à structures chimiques contrôlées." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMR041.
Full textThe decline of fossil resources and the raise of collective awareness about the impact of plastic waste on the environment impose to look for possible alternatives to petroleum-based polymers with reduced carbon footprint and environmental risks. For this reason, bio-sourced and/or biodegradable polyesters have attracted much attention from both academic researchers and industrials. This thesis focuses on the thermal characterization of co-polyesters based on hydroxy-fatty acids, which are extracted from tomato-peel agro-wastes, and poly (alkylene trans-1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate) (PCHs), which are biodegradable and potentially biobased materials with interesting barrier properties. This thesis shows that both systems have high crystallization rates and form complex microstructures involving several polymorphs with a high density of small spherulites. The microstructure depends on the processing conditions (cooling rate from the melt, crystallization temperature) and on the chemical nature of the material (crosslinking density for the hydroxy-fatty acids, and alkyl chain length within the main structure of the repeating unit for the PCHs). Crosslinking reduces the mobility of the macromolecular chains and inhibits crystallization, whereas the alkyl chain length induces an odd-even effect with consequences on the melting and crystallization temperatures, on the coupling between the amorphous and crystalline phases, on the fragility index and on the glass-forming ability
Brignou, Pierre. "ROP duale : un concept innovant pour la polymérisation de carbonates biosourcés à partir de complexes métalliques originaux." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S165.
Full textIn light of the depletion of fossil feedstocks and to help address the global environment concerns, increasing attention should nowadays be paid to polymeric materials such as polyesters synthesized from monomers derived from readily renewable natural resources (biomass) within green and sustainable chemistry. Synthetic polyesters/polycarbonates are versatile polymers exhibiting good thermo-mechanical and physical properties, which make them leading candidates for, in particular, biomedical applications (e. G. , tissue repair and regeneration, controlled and sustained drug or gene delivery vehicles) but also as recyclable substitutes to plastic commodities (e. G. , packaging, films,…). We have thus designed and synthetized a new class of methylated seven-membered cyclic carbonates derived from the biomass. The ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of these monomers was studied using various organic and metal-organic catalytic systems. The regioselectivity of the {BDI}ZnN(SiMe3)2/BnOH catalytic system has been demonstrated in relation to the position of the substituent on the carbonate. Original metallic systems have been developed for the ROP of cyclic esters and applied to a new concept of dual organic/organometallic ROP concept. Both neutral and cationic diaminophenolates zinc and magnesium complexes were shown to be effective in ROP of lactide (LA) and trimethylene carbonate (TMC). Their successful use in the dual organic/organometallic ROP process has validated this new approach that can be extended to other cyclic esters/carbonates
Dadouche, Tarek. "Intérêt des polyesters biosourcés à structure macromoléculaire complexe pour le développement de mélanges à morphologie (nano)fibrillaire." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10170.
Full textThe present study is globally included in a general context of the elaboration of biobased polymers as an alternative to the traditional fossil polymers. In a first step, structural and rheological modifications of the biobased polyesters were carried out by reactive extrusion in order to improve their melt viscosity/elasticity. It has been found that the addition of 1% wt of Joncryl to a biobased polyester makes it possible to improve its elasticity and its elongational behavior. In a second step, the strategy of modifying biobased polymers by melt blend was studied to develop a nano(fibrillar) morphology during the process of extrusion and injection of a polylactic acid/polyamide blend (PLA / PA). Increasing the elasticity of the matrix (PLA) by reactive extrusion, it was possible to develop a nano(fibrillar) morphology during extrusion and injection. Through this study, the critical shear rate related to the nodule-fibril transition was determined and the results were in good agreement with the Ca/Ca(crit)≥4 fibrillation condition. Finally, a last section was devoted to the development of biobased polymer blends with a nano(fibrillar) morphology by film blowing process. The rheological parameters controlling the evolution of the morphology were studied in the case of extensional flow using poly(butylene succinate-coadipate)/polyamide 11 (PBSA/PA11) blends. It has been shown that the nodule-fibril transition is purely related to the extensional flow applied at the die exit of the extruder and, the maintenance of the strain hardening of the PBSA matrix depends on the development of the PA11 fibrils under extensional flow
Darroman, Emilie. "Elaboration de polymères biosourcés pour application dans un matériau composite à base de farine de liège." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENCM0018.
Full textThe presented study concerns the development of a composite material (cork flour, binder and additive) in order to produce of technological cork-stoppers carried out by a molding process. As part of this work, the synthesis, the characterization and the formulation of a biobased polymer have been developed as a binder of the composite material. The strategy of this thesis was to develop a polymer obtained by polycondensation of an epoxy compound with an amine curing agent.As a first step, a thorough characterization of the binder used by DIAM Bouchage was carried out to define the specifications of the novel polymer. The study of epoxy and amine compounds led to the selection of biobased commercial and non-classified CMR precursors that meet the specifications. Novel epoxy and amine precursors were synthesized from biobased resources such as vanillin and fatty acid derivatives. The synthesis of epoxy-amine resins was performed with the selected commercial precursors and these resins were characterized thermally, mechanically and physically. Finally, different formulations of technological cork-stoppers were synthesized and characterized to evaluate their suitability with the DIAM Bouchage specifications
Saadaoui, Asma. "Développement de nouveaux monomères biosourcés à base d’Isosorbide et applications à la synthèse de matériaux à applications spécifiques." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1036.
Full textThe isosorbide and its derivatives are chiral diols obtained from cornstarch. The use of the latter as a monomer for the development of polymers has proved to be effective. The diols match the properties of conventional polymers. As part of this thesis, the diols are used to synthesize new platforms of bio based AA and AB from the 1,4: 3,6 - dianhydrohexitols monomers. The synthesis of intermediaries based on dinitriles or mononitrilies and their derivaties starting from the three isomers as well as the test results from one of these promising monomers polymerization which have been described. The resulting polymer revealed semi-cristallin through stereoregulier AB monomers layout. This work is also the first to describe the use of the reticulants chiral at base of 1.4: 3, 6-dianhydrohexitols participating in the formation of three-dimensional network for the development of polymers to footprints (MIP) Excelsior for detection of Methyltestosterone (MT). The polymers synthesized by polymerization have been characterized by precipitation. The properties of retention were evaluated in batch mode by HPLC-MS/MS. These MIPs present good properties of adsorption towards the MT with factors of footprint greater than 1 showing the effectiveness of printing. These materials have a good ability of adsorption compared to literature. Unprinted polymers (PIN) have shown even greater adsorption capacity than the conventional MIP. The high adsorption capacity was observed in cMIP-Is based on isosorbide for the concentrations (500 mg L-1). The experimental data have been studied according to Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models to interpret the phenomena of adsorption these developed cMIP have been adapted for the methyltestoterone on the phase of extraction (SPE) solid. An extraction procedure has been developed leading through a full optimization finalized by an application in wastewater
Savourat, Pauline. "Structure et propriétés de polusaccharides et copolymères biosourcés obtenus par synthèse enzymatique." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT4107.
Full textDue to their limited carbon footprint, polysaccharide-based materials are attractive alternatives to fossil carbon based polymers. These macromolecules, which are generally biodegradable, biocompatible and highly hydrophilic . present mechanical properties that are still insufficient for applications in the field of structural materials or most non-food uses. However, their natural sensitivity to water and their biocompatibility can be used in applications with high added value, for example stimulable materials or materials for biomedical use. The project aims to produce diblock copolymers only consists of polysaccharides by combining glycoenzymology and protein engineering. The objective is to obtain new properties by associating the intrinsic properties of the building blocks. Therefore, much of this work has focused to determine and understand the relationships between the structure and the properties of a large panel of synthetic alpha-glucans, including the role of the type and/or the rate of osidic linkages in the main chain or in branching. This approach has made it possible to target the constituent blocks of original copolymers. A wide range of techniques has been used to characterize the structure, the behaviour of molecules in solution and the materials formed. Thus, this work is the subject of major advances in the understanding of the structure / conformation I properties relations of polysaccharides
Poupon, Andy. "Synthèse d’oligoesters biosourcés pour application en formulation vernis à ongles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LILUR026.
Full textIn order to satisfy the consumer, the major groups from the cosmetic field wish to sell fully biobased nail polish, without loss of performance. Currently, most components of nail polishes can be biobased. However, the secondary film-forming agent, also called resin, remains an obstacle for the production of fully biobased performants nail polishes. This is the aim of this thesis: the development of a fully biobased resin leading to similar performances to the ones reached with their current oilbased equivalents. So, biobased oligoesters have been synthesized with isosorbide and 1,2-propanediol as diols and combination of carboxylic acids. Two different polyesterification processes have been studied. First, the synthesis of oligoesters has been carried out in one step by the modification of an industrial biobased resin which leads to a nail polish showing a lack of hardness and brightness. This incorporation of isosorbide has increased the Tg of these oligoesters. However, their formulation in nitrocellulose solution has produced cloudy solutions contrary to the oil based resins which have produced clear ones. This heterogeneity has been attributed to the presence of significant quantity of residual monomers, essentially isosorbide and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, and also may be to the insolubility of oligoesters in esters solvent due to their higher polarity. Therefore, those formulations have led to coatings with poor properties in terms of adhesion, brightness and hardness. The sequencing of the polymerization in two steps combined to the modification of hydroxy:acid ratio have improved the conversion of isosorbide and other monomers, leading to clear solutions during their formulation. Coatings made from these oligoesters mixed with nitrocellulose solution have exhibited better properties, similar to the coatings made with oilbased resin. But their use in a nail polish model formulation have showed poor properties. This decrease was attributed to the higher polarity of the oligoester and so, their lower solubility in ester solvents. Therefore, an additional biobased solvent more polar has been added to this model formulation to increase its polarity. This addition has led to an increase of the brightness bringing the properties closer to those obtained with oil based resins
Jastak, Klara. "Nouveaux polyesters insaturés biosourcés pour revêtements photoréticulables." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023NORMR090.
Full textUnsaturated polyester resins (UPs) are used as coatings for wood and metal in a wide range of sectors, including automotive, construction and aerospace industries. Industrially, their synthesis and cross-linking involve numerous compounds that are currently not only highly controversial (bisphenol A) or even toxic (styrene), but also petroleum-based. These works aimed to propose a more sustainable alternative to the current UP resins. Thus, two biobased unsaturated polyester prepolymers with different structures were synthesized from pyridine dicarboxylic acid and unsaturated aliphatic derivatives with 4 or 18 carbon atoms. Then, they were crosslinked by thiol-ene reaction under UV radiation for 1 hour at 30°C in the presence of 0.1 equivalent (thiol/ene) of 7-mercapto-4-methyl coumarin. The first prepolymer, with ("M" _"n" ) ̅ = 7500 g/mol, solid at room temperature (Tg = 48°C), allowed to obtain very hard coatings (König hardness 245.5 ± 0.8 s). The second prepolymer, with ("M" _"n" ) ̅ = 1700 g/mol, produced relatively soft coatings (König hardness: 14.8 ± 0.8 s, Tg = - 40°C)
Duaux, Gabriel. "Polymères biosourcés issus de LTTM {glucide polyacide carboxylique eau} : Élaboration et applications dans les matériaux carbonés réfractaires." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI119.
Full textRefractory carbon/carbon composite materials consist of carbonaceous granular fillers shaped with a carbonisable binder. Until now, the binder used has generally been coal tar pitch, which is carcinogenic and covered by REACH. In order to replace it with a product that is more respectful of the environment and of the health of handlers, we are proposing an innovative solution in this thesis work. Carbohydrates, and more particularly sugars, are carbonisable compounds with a low carbon yield. In the presence of polycarboxylic acid, they can form a low transition temperature mixtures characterised by a eutectic or a lower flow temperature than that of its constituents taken separately. This type of mixture is capable of reacting at temperatures of the order of 100°C, thus lower than those commonly required for esterification reactions. This behaviour is similar to that already described for BADES (Brønsted Acidic Deep Eutectic Solvent). Under these conditions, linear and branched (ester-co-oside) copolymers are obtained which lead to a poly(ester-co-oside) network by continuing the reaction under vacuum. By choosing the constituents and controlling the reaction time, it is possible to control the viscosity of the polymers for use as a binder in carbon/carbon composites with granular fillers. In this case, we have shown that the use of polycarboxylic acids has three advantages: i) when mixed with sugars, LTTMs (Low Transition Temperature Mixtures) that are liquid at room temperature are formed, which facilitates their use in the process, ii) they act as a reagent and catalyst for the polymerisation of sugars and iii) they make it possible to increase the carbon yield of the binders. These results are very promising for the manufacture of refractory carbon/carbon composites as an electrode for alumina electrolysis
Vo, Van Son. "Élaboration, caractérisation et simulation de nanocomposites argile-polymère : des nouveaux matériaux pour l'éco-conception." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1162/document.
Full textClay nanoparticles (CNP) are abundantly available low-cost natural resources with numerous positive attributes such as large surface area, impermeability to gas, superior mechanical and thermal properties so that they have attracted over the last three decades significant attention, notably for the reinforcement of polymer-based materials. However, CNP suffer from incompatibility, hence weak interfacial interactions and poor dispersion with/in most of organic polymeric materials because of their intrinsic hydrophilicity and strong interlayer interactions. This limitation is one of the major reasons why polymer nanocomposites have to date remained mainly in laboratories. Thus, one of the key challenges in developing clay-based polymer nanocomposites (PCNs) with advanced thermo-mechanical, gas barrier...properties relies on the control at the molecular level of the interface properties of clay nanoplatelets-filled polymer resins. Taking into account the criteria for sustainable development, civil engineering and green economy, we have developed, in the first part of this thesis, reactive and pre-exfoliated clay nanofillers that may be further incorporated in a diverse set of biopolymer matrices and giving rise to strong energy interactions with the said matrices for improved mechanical behavior. To ensure a closer fit of these specifications we have implemented green approaches for the preparation of these generic nanofillers, namely photopolymerisation was used as a low energy consumption and fast method for the surface functionalization of native clays, solvent-free protocols were applied to prepare polymer nanocomposites, while biopolymers (starch, cellulose) or bio-based precursors (epoxidized vegetal oils) served as dispersion media. By controlling the preparation conditions, reactive clay nanofillers with adjustable interlayer spacing and chemical surface reactivity were prepared. Of particular interest is that the layered-like structure of the clay nano ller is preserved while the d-interlayer spacing can be increased though increasing the photopolymerization time, i.e. amount of polymer within the clay nanosheets. Our major results from the the first part can be summarized as follows: Morphology and reactivity of clay nanofillers are easily controlled though adjusting the photopolymerization time and selecting adequate vinyl monomer. - The newly preparation methods allow preparation of samples beyond the gram-scale. - Reactive and surface chemistry of pre-exfoliated clay nanofillers can be tuned to provide compatibility with both conventional preformed biopolymers and bio-based epoxy resins. - The mechanical properties of the resulting polymer nanocomposites are improved as compared to the neat polymeric matrices owing to the strong interface interaction between fillers and dispersion matrices
Poupon, Andy. "Synthèse d’oligoesters biosourcés pour application en formulation vernis à ongles." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1R026.
Full textIn order to satisfy the consumer, the major groups from the cosmetic field wish to sell fully biobased nail polish, without loss of performance. Currently, most components of nail polishes can be biobased. However, the secondary film-forming agent, also called resin, remains an obstacle for the production of fully biobased performants nail polishes. This is the aim of this thesis: the development of a fully biobased resin leading to similar performances to the ones reached with their current oilbased equivalents. So, biobased oligoesters have been synthesized with isosorbide and 1,2-propanediol as diols and combination of carboxylic acids. Two different polyesterification processes have been studied. First, the synthesis of oligoesters has been carried out in one step by the modification of an industrial biobased resin which leads to a nail polish showing a lack of hardness and brightness. This incorporation of isosorbide has increased the Tg of these oligoesters. However, their formulation in nitrocellulose solution has produced cloudy solutions contrary to the oil based resins which have produced clear ones. This heterogeneity has been attributed to the presence of significant quantity of residual monomers, essentially isosorbide and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, and also may be to the insolubility of oligoesters in esters solvent due to their higher polarity. Therefore, those formulations have led to coatings with poor properties in terms of adhesion, brightness and hardness. The sequencing of the polymerization in two steps combined to the modification of hydroxy:acid ratio have improved the conversion of isosorbide and other monomers, leading to clear solutions during their formulation. Coatings made from these oligoesters mixed with nitrocellulose solution have exhibited better properties, similar to the coatings made with oilbased resin. But their use in a nail polish model formulation have showed poor properties. This decrease was attributed to the higher polarity of the oligoester and so, their lower solubility in ester solvents. Therefore, an additional biobased solvent more polar has been added to this model formulation to increase its polarity. This addition has led to an increase of the brightness bringing the properties closer to those obtained with oil based resins
Denis, Maxinne. "Synthèse d'additifs retardateurs de flamme biosourcés phosphorés pour l'élaboration de nouveaux polymères pour peinture bois à faible impact environnemental." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ENCM0021.
Full textSynthesis of new difunctional reactive phosphorus flame retardants monomers and study of their introduction into the polymer matrix by copolymerization. Tests of post-functionalization on conventional polymeric resins and evaluation of the flame retardant properties of the coating. Synthesis of new reactive phosphorus flame retardants from renewable resources to integrate in a partially biosourced polymer formulation
Roux-Pertus, Charles. "Investigation de la Pulvérisation Électrohydrodynamique du Chitosan." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0335.
Full textElectrohydrodynamic (EHD) methods enable to produce with one low cost set-up polymeric films/particles by electrospray or polymeric fibres by electrospinning. Particles or fibres produced by these methods can be very uniform in size. Therefore, electrospray and electrospinning of chitosan are appealing topics of re-search. Chitosan is a bio-based material possessing numerous qualities such as biocompati-bility, biodegradability, antibacterial activity and muco-adhesion. This thesis deals with EHD methods with a focus on chitosan electrospray whose applications are abundant in health (tissue engineering, drug delivery), food (nutrients en-capsulation, cling film), wastewater treatment and textiles. However electrospray has several limitations. First, effective electrospray depends of the grade of the chitosan, of the preparation of the solution and of used set-up. Second, particle-size distribution reported in literature are broad whereas applications such as drug delivery require monodisperse particle-size distributions. Then, the question is to know how to produce chitosan particles of monodisperse controlled size. To answer this question, a critical analysis of literature led to an experimental approach divided in four steps : (1) characterization of chitosan, (2) measurement of chitosan solution properties, (3) study of stability of electrospray process, (4) assessment of deposit morphology and particle-size distribution. Finally, as part of a biomimetic approach, imitation with chitosan of natural shapes has been studied. These shapes are part of structures that confer striking properties such as hygrochromic behavior and hydrophobicity to insects
Iyer, Sweta. "Textiles luminescents utilisant des produits biosourcés : une approche bio-inspirée." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I026.
Full textTransfer of knowledge inspired by nature to technological applications has enabled scientists to create sustainable solutions. Nature has designed a few biobased molecules that are responsible for bioluminescence and photoluminescence in some living species. In this thesis, the potential use of luminescence phenomena existing in nature toward the attainment of luminescent textiles was explored. In the first part of the thesis, a detailed literature study on luminescence phenomena seen in nature, was reviewed. The results allowed the selection of luminous bacteria reaction system based upon the availability, regeneration of the substrate, and cost of biochemicals. The selected ‘luminous bacteria’ bioluminescent reaction involves two enzyme(s) bacterial luciferase (Luc) and FMN reductase (Red), a biobased substrate flavin mononucleotide (FMN) along with co-factors such as NADH and a long-chain aldehyde. Eco technologies such as air atmospheric plasma and cold remote plasma treatment were used for textile fiber surface activation, allowingenzyme immobilization. Primarily, the catalytic activity and luminescence efficiency of the luminous bacteria system were evaluated and optimized in the aqueous phase, by intensity measurements using a luminometer. Furthermore, the optimized reaction system was incorporated onto textiles to evaluate the bioluminescence effect. The evaluation of the bioluminescent system on textiles showed that the relative light intensity (RLU) as high as 60,000 RLU equivalent to that of LED light could be achieved. The study revealed its first successful attempt to utilize a biomimetic strategy for immobilization of enzyme(s) involved in the luminous bacteria reaction system onto a plasma-activated microfibrous nonwoven textile to attain bioluminescent materials that can be used for various applications. Besides, flavin mononucleotide widely known as 'FMN' is a biobased resource derived from riboflavin (RF). The isoalloxazine ring present in both the RF and FMN molecules attributes the photoluminescence phenomenon. Thus, with the emulation and design to obtain biomimetic luminescent textiles/bioluminescent materials using FMN as a substrate in enzymatic process, the potential use of native FMN molecule as such to produce photoluminescent textiles was also explored. Different functionalisation methods were used to immobilize the FMN inside the textile fiber or at the fiber surface, to produce photoluminescent textiles whose quantum efficiencies were determined Cellulosic textiles functionalized using diffusion method, exhibit greenish-yellow fluorescence, but possess equally multifunctional properties, such as UV protection and coloration. Later, the ability of FMN to implement photoluminescent textiles was explored using inkjet and chromojet (digital printing techniques) by immobilizing FMN on different textile fiber surface(cellulose and polyester). Some of such functionalized fabrics exhibit additionally, antibacterial properties along with other properties mentioned.. Furthermore, the photodegradation study of FMN on printed textiles resulted in varying fluorescence intensity and wavelength, shifting from yellow, to blue and then to white fluorescence, depending on the light irradiation time and intensity. Thereafter, glow-in-dark patterned PET nonwoven panels were designed after surface activation with plasma, using certain biopolymers through screen printing and coating methods. This can allow textile surface pattern designers to create light-emitting textiles with interesting aesthetic expressions. Hence, the study enabled to explore the use of biobased products to produce photoluminescent and bioluminescent textiles using functionalization and eco-technological methods
Rodier, Jean-David. "Nouveaux copolymères biosourcés à blocs polytriméthylène éther pour applications cosmétiques." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI053.
Full textThe aim of this project is to prepare some new hydrophilic biobased copolyethers for cosmetic applications, similar to those of polyethylene glycol (PEG). Synthesis of polytrimethylene ether glycol (PTEG) which has a chemical structure close to the PEG was studied by polymerizing 1,3-propanediol (PDO) with sulfuric acid as catalyst. This acid catalyst is appropriate to promote the polymerization of PDO without excessive degradation. We tried to increase the solubility of PTEG in water by combining to PDO units hydrophilic monomers, such as isosorbide and glycerol, to the PDO units. We showed that etherification of isosorbide and PDO (or PTEG), in the presence of acid catalyst, gives new copolyethers structures, deeply characterized by NMR and mass spectroscopy. These copolyethers are preferably ended by isosorbide units due to different reactivity between isosorbide and PDO. The etherification of the PDO and glycerol with sulfuric acid results in a cross-linked and degraded product. Basic catalytic route favored the polymerization of glycerol on itself rather than the etherification on PDO units. We also grafted glycerol carbonate on PTEG oligomer but obtained a complex composition mixture rich in polyglycerol. The most promising products of the study are PDO and isosorbide copolyethers with a molar mass of 600 g/mol, obtained by etherification with sulfuric acid as catalyst. These copolyethers have chain ends constituted by isosorbide units, are water soluble and have a higher thermal stability compared to PTEG
Fache, Maxence. "Fonctionnalisation et polymérisation de dérivés phénoliques naturels : Vers des matériaux aromatiques biosourcés Vanillin, a key-intermediate of biobased polymers Vanillin, a promising biobased building-block for monomer synthesis Biobased epoxy thermosets from vanillin-derived oligomers Amine hardeners and epoxy cross-linker from aromatic renewable resources Epoxy thermosets from model mixtures of the lignin-tovanillin process." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENCM0014.
Full textThe background of this work is the synthesis of bio-based polymers, a very active area of research. Epoxy thermosets were chosen as target because of the double problematic of bisphenol A substitution and of renewable resources use. Thus, the aim of this work is to prepare bio-based epoxy thermosets and to evaluate their potential as substitutes of current formulations. In order to display good thermo-mechanical properties, these polymers have to be prepared from renewable aromatics. Indeed, aromatic cycles bring rigidity and thermal stability to the network. Vanillin is one of the only aromatic molecules available from biomass at an industrial scale. It is obtained from the alkaline oxidative depolymerization of lignin. Recently, the preparation of renewable polymers from vanillin has been intensively explored; a review on this subject was compiled. Vanillin served as a building-block to prepare a platform of derivatives bearing various functions. Di-amine, di-epoxy, or di-(cyclic carbonate) monomers – among others – were synthesized. The di-epoxy monomers prepared were cross-linked with a common amine hardener and the polymers obtained were characterized. Their thermo-mechanical properties were linked to the monomers structure. These potentially bio-based epoxy thermosets have properties comparable to the bisphenol A-based reference. In order to tune these properties, vanillin-based epoxy oligomers were synthesized by the same method as the one used industrially. The properties of these oligomers and of the thermosets prepared from them could indeed be modulated. Other means of controlling the properties were tested, like the preparation and polymerization of new bio-based amine hardeners, or of a vanillin-based, tri-functional epoxy monomer. The thermoset prepared from this last compound displayed better properties than the bisphenol A-based reference. Finally, a work more centered on the resource was performed. Mixtures of phenolic compounds modelling the products of the lignin-to-vanillin process were prepared. The use of such mixtures instead of pure vanillin could be advantageous both from an economic and an ecologic point of view. These mixtures were glycidylated, polymerized, and the materials obtained were characterized. The excellent properties displayed by these materials allow a potential integration of this strategy in a bio-refinery
Bendaoud, Amine. "Fluide supercritique et liquide ionique comme plastifiants de polymères biosourcés : application à l'amidon et à l'acétate de cellulose." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STET4017/document.
Full textBiopolymers are viable alternatives to the use of conventional plastics derived from fossil fuels resources. In this study, our objective, beyond doing the melt processing ionic liquids plasticized starch and cellulose acetate in laboratory scale microcoumpounder which simulate the performance of a co-rotating twin screw extruder, are to investigate the effects and influence of ionic liquids and water on the intrinsic properties of the materials which are prepared. In general ways, processing with ionic liquids compared with conventional plasticizers, presents: a better interaction with starch and cellulose acetate, a more efficient depressor of glass transition temperature and allows the production of processed materials with efficient crystallinity destruction and plasticization. In the second step, we investigate the effects of supercritical carbon dioxide on the processing of starch with ionic liquid and the effects of the processing pressure, temperature and duration of supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2), which is an environmentally-friendly component, on the properties of plasticized starch. The significant results show that ScCO2 is capable of interacting with starch chains and with ionic liquids, so that it may induce a decrease in the glass transition temperature of the plasticized starch
Hadj, kacem Yosra. "Synthèse, caractérisation et propriétés des oligoesters et composites sulfonés biosourcés." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI044/document.
Full textThe research conducted in this thesis was achieved in the context of vegetal biomass valorization. It aims to develop a new family of aliphatic oligoesters from biobased monomers and incorporating into their structure sulfonated groups. This choice is justified by the following three considerations. (i) This is a contribution to the valorization of vegetal biomass. (ii) The presence of sulfonated units in the structure of this type of polymers gives them specific physicochemical properties favoring their use in various industrial sectors. (iii) These oligoesters can be subsequently used for the preparation of poly (ester-urethane) networks and ionic liquid-based composites with potentially interesting thermomechanical properties and a great tendency towards hydrolytic degradation
Marie, Jeremy. "Formulation de pâtes céramiques innovantes contenant des composés organiques biosourcés." Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0114.
Full textThe aim of this work is focused on the elaboration of new alumina suspensions with biopolymer additives and rheological properties adapted to the tape casting process. The suspensions used in the tape casting process are basically composed of a ceramic powder, a solvent, a dispersant, a binder and a plasticizer. These additives are usually polymers coming from the petrochemical sector which show risks for the operator health or the environment (in particular with organic solvents). Thus, natural polymers extracted from plants were identified as promising candidates in order to substitute the classical organic additives. Then, the study of the interactions between different organic additives with alumina led to a specific protocol for the formulation of aqueous alumina suspensions with these bio-polymers. Then, mechanical properties of the green and sintered tapes were evaluated in relation with the nature of bio-polymer additives. The obtained densities are close to the values reported in the litterature
Alibert, Adrien. "Optimisation de la rigidité et de la ténacité de systèmes polymères complexes à base d’amidon plastifié et de polyoléfines." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10178.
Full textStarch-based polymer blends were melt-compounded by extrusion aiming at combining high impact strength (> 20 kJ/m²) and reasonably high Young modulus (> 1000 MPa). At first, an elastomer, a polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-polystyrene (SEBS), was associated with a starch-grafted polypropylene, the SEBS content increase in the mixture allowing a significant increase in elongation at break and impact strength (by a factor 7 and 2,5 respectively) at the expense of Young’s modulus (divided by 2). Then, a co-continuous structure between a plasticized starch/SEBS grafted with maleic anhydride (SEBSgMA) mixture and a polypropylene (PP) was developed to stabilize the blend and to promote the compatibility between the phases. The blend having optimized mechanical properties (values however still 33% lower than the targets) is made of 35% of plasticized starch, 15% of SEBSgMA and 50% of PP. Thereafter, in order to increase the biobased content and to improve mechanical properties, blends between plasticized starch, SEBS and polyolefins grafted maleic anhydride were developed. The best compromise was identified for an oil-based formulation including as polyolefin a copolymer PE/PP grafted with maleic anhydride, complemented by a polypropylene; in that case the biobased rate reaches 50%
Breilly, Damien. "Synthèse d'adjuvant pour l'industrie du béton via la fonctionnalisation de lignines industrielles et la conception de nouveaux polymères biosourcés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AGPT0010.
Full textThe concrete industry is one of the most important, but also the most polluting industries of the 21st century due to the cement manufacturing. Many solutions exist in order to reduce its environmental impact, unfortunately they result in a significant drop of the properties of concrete in terms of fluidity, workability during time and mechanical resistance. The use of organic adjuvants allows recovering these properties, but these are petro-sourced and their synthesis is not currently sustainable. Here in, we have proposed prospects for replacing the petrochemical superplasticizers by biosourced (macro)molecules.These (macro)molecules must, at the same time, adsorb themselves on the cement but also possess a repulsive effect leading to the lowering of the critical stresses of the cement paste for the same quantity of water. To reach these performances, we presented here two strategies: (1) the chemical and enzymatic modification of an industrial lignin (i.e., sodium lignosulfonate), as well as (2) chemo-enzymatic synthesis routes for new bio-sourced monomers from vanillin, as well as their polymerization by the ADMET route, making it possible to obtain post-functionalizable polymers.The macromolecules resulting from these two strategies were then tested on cement slurry to determine their adsorption property as well as their fluidizing power. Although a non-negligible effect of these molecules on the rheology has been demonstrated, the preliminary results have not revealed properties comparable to those of the currently used superplasticizers. Nevertheless, the great flexibility of the developed synthetic routes and the structural design of the monomers should allow to modulate the properties of these new macromolecules, thus opening the way to future developments of adjuvants
Goument, Caroline. "Caractérisation, mise en forme et recyclage de polymères biosourcés pour le développement d’un procédé de fabrication plastronique respectueux de l’environnement." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, INSA, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ISAL0109.
Full textIn the majority of cases, electronic objects in our everyday life have a plastic casing made of petrochemical polymer materials. Today, replacing the petrochemical-based materials with more environmentally-friendly ones is a necessary transition. 3D plastronics is an emerging field of research than can overcome some of the limitations of conventional electronics, particularly as it requires to redefine the polymer substrates. This PhD is part of the BIOANTENNA project of the AURA Region's Ambition Research Pack, whose goal is to manufacture an innovative electronic device in terms of the materials used and the functionalities of the electronic circuit. In this thesis, we study a mass production process for electronic devices called In-Mold Electronics (IME). It comprises three main stages: screen printing, thermoforming and injection molding. In the state of the art, the reference polymer in IME is PolyCarbonate (PC). Our goal is to replace PC with a more environmentally-friendly material: Poly(Lactic Acid) (PLA). Over the last ten years, this polymer has been the subject of numerous studies in order to use it as an alternative to petrochemical-based engineering polymers. PLA is the most widely used biosourced polymer today. It is also biodegradable in industrial composting, which could provide a solution for end-of-life products and make it suitable for use in the circular economy. This manuscript is divided in two main parts : one regarding the manufacturing of a plastronic device using IME and PLA, and the other on the dismantling of the IME devices manufactured in the first part
Panwiriyarat, Wannarat. "Synthèse et étude des propriétés d'un polyuréthane biosourcé obtenu du caoutchouc naturel et du poly(ε-caprolactone)." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00795875.
Full textLe, Delliou Benjamin. "Design of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) based films for flexible food packaging in contact with fatty food and under frozen conditions." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASB033.
Full textThe main objective of the present thesis is to design a bio-based and biodegradable packaging material suitable for frozen French fries using the by-products of their fabrication. Two strategies were investigated. The first strategy was the fabrication of polymer blends based on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), which could be obtained by fermentation of by-products. PHBV-poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA) blends were designed with the aim to increase the processability and ductility of PHBV. Both polymers are immiscible, therefore the interfacial compatibility needed to be optimized. Reactive compatibilization using dicumyle peroxide (DCP) was successful and allowed the fabrication of PHBV/PBSA films by film blowing extrusion at the laboratory scale. The effect of DCP on morphological, thermal, mechanical and rheological properties was evaluated in the aim to optimize the composition at laboratory scale. To improve the mechanical properties of the films, the plasticizer acetyl tri-butyl citrate (ATBC) was used. The improved melt strength and extensional viscosity of the optimized blends allowed to perform a successful film blowing scale-up experiment to the small pilot scale using ATBC and an alternative organic peroxide LUPEROX® 101, both molecules being admitted for food contact materials. The second strategy was the direct use of waste starch and potato peels. For that, the biochemical characterization of potato peels was carried out, and the potential of extraction of high added value molecules coming was assessed. The possibility to produce potato peels and starch-based materials suitable for the fabrication of items with very short service life was investigated
Mhiri, Sirine. "Elaboration et caractérisation d’hydrogels à base de monomères biosourcés par la réaction de Diels-Alder." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSES024/document.
Full textThe research conducted for the preparation of this thesis aims to develop new thermoreversible and biodegradable polyglycolic-acid (PGA) based networks and polylactic-acid (PLA) based hydrogels, from polymers chemically modified by means of furanic, and maleimide cycle. The cross-linking of PGA to develop thermoreversible and biodegradable networks via the Diels-Alder reaction has been done by following two strategies and was the first part of this work. The aim was, among other things, to enhance the PGA by leading to reticulated structures with required mechanical properties while improving its stability properties. Hybrid networks of PLA / PEG and PLA / PHEMA were then synthesized in the melt by adopting the Diels-Alder reaction as a crosslinking mechanism. Once obtained, their contact with water leads to the formation of hydrogels. NMR structural analyzes confirmed the formation of expected structures. The thermoreversibility of the obtained networks has been shown by rheological analyzes. The morphology of the gels before and after swelling was analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy. The degradability of prepared networks was examined in two modes: hydrolytic and aerobic by microorganisms
Magliozzi, Fiona. "Synthèse de polyhydroxyuréthanes biosourcés par extrusion réactive : élaboration de matériaux aux propriétés originales." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0290.
Full textThis thesis work deals with the application of reactive extrusion to the bulk synthesis of polyhydroxyurethanes (PHUs). On the one hand, thermoplastic PHUs have been synthesized from three biobased 5-membered biscyclic carbonates, two of them being ester- or ether- chemically ‘activated’. The complete conversion of reactive functions has been reached in most cases, in relatively short reaction times (few hours), despite very cohesive systems, specifically in the case of one biscyclic carbonate bearing amide moieties. On the other hand, thermosets PHUs with shape memory capacity and reprocessability have been synthesized through this process. Simultaneously, a study was performed on model reactions in order to determine the experimental conditions that limit urea formation during the aminolysis of biscyclic carbonates. Finally, a purification protocol was developed in order to separate the two enantiomers of DGDC biscyclic carbonate. The polymerization of these two separated enantiomers with diamines demonstrated that the stereochemistry of biscyclic carbonate monomers plays a crucial role in the final polymer size and properties
Pion, Florian. "L'acide férulique, un synthon naturel pour la préparation de nouveaux polymères aromatiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AGPT0007.
Full textLignin is the most abundant component of wood after cellulose and is separated from whilepaper production. Within this lingo-cellulosic biomass, in case of graminous, ferulic acid is a crosslinkingagent binding lignin to polysaccharide fibers to increase its mechanical properties. If lignin iscomplex and poorly degradable, ferulic acid, as it is present free, is extractible in alkali media frommany resources (beetroot pulp, wheat, corn, rice...).By its aromatic nature, this p-hydroxycinnamic acid seems interesting to prepare new polymersincorporating biobased aromatic units. Indeed, if biobased polymers are more and more nowadays,today biobased aromatic units are still missing.In this aim, into the APSYNTH team, we developed a new class of biobased bisphenols obtainedthrough enzymatic catalysis. These bisphenols were then implicated in different strategies to developnew copolyesters, polyurethanes and polyphenolic oligomers. This work describes the synthesis andcharacterization of this new bisphenols derived from ferulic acid, as well as the resulting polymers
Theron, Benjamin. "Nouveaux catalyseurs pour la synthèse par polymérisation par ouverture de cycle de polyesters biosourcés et biodégradables." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCK002.
Full textResearch on catalysts for the synthesis of bio based and biodegradable (co)polymers has led to the emergence of new families of catalysts (salens, guanidines, phenoxy imines...) and a better understanding of their behavior. The work presented in this manuscript focuses on using new π-donors phenoxy amidines (FA) and biguanides complexes for the ROP of biobased and biodegradable polyesters.The implementation of this theme at the Dijon site, along with highlighting the unique and specific behavior of these new complexes, is presented in this manuscript.Initially, the synthesis of new FA and analogous phenoxy-imines complexes was carried out. Some of these complexes have been shown to produce polylactic acid (PLA) using industrial-grade monomers contaminated with significant quantities of lactic acid. A comparative study conducted with the parent phe-noxy-imine (FI) complexes, showed that they do not work under these degraded conditions. Zinc complexes with bis(phenoxy-amidine) ligands (FAlen) showed the highest activity in ROP of lactide, whereas their salen analogs do not catalyze this polymerization reaction.Tests were conducted on lactide and butyrolactone ROP using new mono- and bimetallic zinc and aluminum biguanide catalysts. The zinc biguanide catalyst produced the highest lactide ROP activity ever reported for a monometallic system
Kervran, Maël. "Vieillissement de mélanges de polymères ignifugés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0058.
Full textPolymer materials are an integral part of our daily life thanks to their large range of properties and their low cost. The amounts produced continues to increase and the environmental impact of these materials too. Prioritizing biopolymers allows limiting this environmental impact but to this end some properties need to be improved. This is the case of the fire properties which remain a brake to their industrial development. PLA which is the most used biopolymer and PHB which is an interesting candidate for a broad range of applications are concerned by this issue. The purpose of this thesis is to study the parameters which can influence the fire properties of the PLA/PHB blend (composition, processing parameters,…), to identify the efficient flame retardant systems for this blend and to evaluate the impact of aging on the fire properties. To achieve this, the influence of the ratio between the two polymers on the the physico-chemical, the thermal and the flammability properties was studied. Thanks to this study, the PLA/PHB matrix having the best thermal stability and the lowest flammability of PHB was identified. The study of the processing parameters allowed optimizing these parameters in order to obtain the best material properties. For the first time, a study on the flame retardancy of a PLA/PHB matrix was carried out. This work on the flame retardancy has enabled to identify the criteria to be effective for this blend. Moreover, efficient bio-based flame retardants were identified. Finally, a work on the evolution of the fire properties during aging was carried out. This work aimed to observe the evolution of the material and the FR when the samples are immersed in water
Tremblay-Parrado, Khantutta-Kim. "Synthesis by click chemistry of biobased polyurethane networks with advanced properties." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2020/TREMBLAY-PARRADO_Khantutta-Kim_2020_ED182.pdf.
Full textThe modern era was revolutionized by the invention of plastics and as such have gained prevalence in most aspects of our daily lives, causing an increasing appearance in landfills and oceans. For this reason, sustainable polymer design should not only require the use of renewable resources, but also factor in advanced properties to manage the end-of-life materials for the reduction of energy use, resources and waste. Developing covalent adaptable networks (CANs) has emerged as an interesting alternative to address this problematic, but with little to no application in the domain of biobased polyurethanes. In this work, we utilize the thermoreversible Diels-Alder reaction of the furan-maleimide coupling for the synthesis of vegetable oil derived polyurethanes (PUs) with thermo-reversible cross-linking points. Two new building blocks derived from sunflower oil, bearing furan and maleimide moieties, were obtained and incorporated into the synthesis of biobased PU networks. The obtained PU networks yield promising results in terms of polymer properties, thermal recyclability and heat-induced self-healing. The synthesized PU networks provide a stepping-stone in the development of biobased CANs
Picaud, Vannereux Simon. "Étude expérimentale et simulation de procédés hybrides intégrant des membranes zéolites et polymères pour la purification d’hydrocarbures gazeux biosourcés par perméation de vapeurs." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0046.
Full textThis work focused on the interest of using a zeolite composite membrane (CHA SSZ-13) accessible on a commercial scale through the membrane technology of gas and vapor permeation. The applicability of this separation technology has mainly focused on the recovery of methane, propane and isobutene from fluxes produced at industrial scales by sustainable processes. The development of an experimental lab scale pilot for gas and vapor permeation data measurements is detailed. Based on experimental permeation measurements carried out with the zeolite membrane of the study, a first case of practical application was to simulate the separation performance of a hybrid process associating a zeolite membrane module with a cryogenic condensation from an industrial specification for the recovery of isobutene. The hybrid process studied is always more efficient than the only cryogenic condensation process taken as reference in terms of purity of the condensed product obtained and energy consumption. A chart was generated to locate the simulated separation performance based on the desired isobutene recovery objective. A second theoretical case of propane recovery from nitrogen purging vents with hybrid membrane cryogenic separation process was studied. This study presented a chart of the membrane separation performance of propane over nitrogen according to data from the open literature. The most nitrogen- and propane-selective membrane (CHA SSZ-13 and PEBAX 2533 respectively) was then selected and used in order to simulate hybrid processes where separation performances were compared to a baseline cryogenic standalone process. For low propane contents in the nitrogen feed mixture, it was found that the most efficient process (energy need and quality of the condensed product) involved a PEBAX 2533 polymer membrane module with a vacuum system for the permeate
Picaud, Vannereux Simon. "Étude expérimentale et simulation de procédés hybrides intégrant des membranes zéolites et polymères pour la purification d’hydrocarbures gazeux biosourcés par perméation de vapeurs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0046.
Full textThis work focused on the interest of using a zeolite composite membrane (CHA SSZ-13) accessible on a commercial scale through the membrane technology of gas and vapor permeation. The applicability of this separation technology has mainly focused on the recovery of methane, propane and isobutene from fluxes produced at industrial scales by sustainable processes. The development of an experimental lab scale pilot for gas and vapor permeation data measurements is detailed. Based on experimental permeation measurements carried out with the zeolite membrane of the study, a first case of practical application was to simulate the separation performance of a hybrid process associating a zeolite membrane module with a cryogenic condensation from an industrial specification for the recovery of isobutene. The hybrid process studied is always more efficient than the only cryogenic condensation process taken as reference in terms of purity of the condensed product obtained and energy consumption. A chart was generated to locate the simulated separation performance based on the desired isobutene recovery objective. A second theoretical case of propane recovery from nitrogen purging vents with hybrid membrane cryogenic separation process was studied. This study presented a chart of the membrane separation performance of propane over nitrogen according to data from the open literature. The most nitrogen- and propane-selective membrane (CHA SSZ-13 and PEBAX 2533 respectively) was then selected and used in order to simulate hybrid processes where separation performances were compared to a baseline cryogenic standalone process. For low propane contents in the nitrogen feed mixture, it was found that the most efficient process (energy need and quality of the condensed product) involved a PEBAX 2533 polymer membrane module with a vacuum system for the permeate
Falco, Guillaume. "Huiles végétales époxydées et alcool furfurylique : deux types de monomères pour l’élaboration de thermodurcissables et de composites biosourcés." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4155/document.
Full textThe work presents the elaboration of biobased thermosets and composites synthesized from epoxidized vegetable oils (linseed and soybean) and furfuryl alcohol (FA). A first area of research focused on the study of the polymerisation of FA into polyfurfuryl alcohol (PFA) (i) in protic polar solvents, (ii) in combination with wood and (iii) in the presence of new reaction initiators. In presence of solvents, the observed structural changes have been linked to the thermomechanical properties. Another PFA structure modification was obtained with 2,5 dimethylfuran. This work allowed a better understanding of the reactivity of FA within the wood and shows that the obtained wood/PFA composites have higher density and resistance than their non-modified equivalents. Finally, the initiation of FA polymerization by levulinic acid and p-toluene sulfonylhydrazine, respectively biobased and « latent » initiators has been studied. The second topic of thesis concerns a new type of fully bio-based epoxy resin synthesized from epoxidized vegetable oils. Linseed and soybean oils have both been copolymerized with a dicarboxylic acid as curing agent. A first fundamental work was to correlate the reactivity of copolymerization with the polymer structure and to link them with thermomechanical properties. The obtained thermosets have been used to prepare nanocomposites with sepiolite. Different methods of dispersion and/or modification of sepiolite conduct to diverse morphologies of nanofiller dispersions into the matrix
Mallek, Hichem. "Les réseaux biodégradables autocicatrisants utilisant des monomères biosourcés par réactions de Diels-Alder." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STET4019.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to elaboration of the thermoreversible elastomers networks. These polycaprolactone-based networks (PCL-based networks), most of which of the constituents from biomass, will have the particularity of being recyclable and biodegradable
Deleage, Fanny. "Formulations et modifications par extrusion réactive d'un mélange de polymères biodégradable et partiellement biosourcé." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSES030.
Full textBiodegradable plastics need to be more and more competitive. This work, conducted between IMP@UJM laboratory and LCI company had the main objective of increasing the content of renewable materials in the biodegradable blend of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT)/ thermoplastic flour (TPF), without decreasing its mechanical properties. The blend was obtained by a single step extrusion, including flour thermoplastification and blending with the polyester. The scientific challenge was to understand the relationship between processing parameters, the morphology establishment, the concentration of each phase of the blend and its mechanical properties. Then, these results were exploited in order to increase the mechanical properties of the mixture. The influence of the concentration of TPF and the viscosity ratio between the phases was highlighted over the entire concentration range. This highlighted the importance of controlling the interfacial tension of the blend. Mechanisms of the morphology establishment were proposed, as well as interpretations about its effect on the mechanical properties of the blend. Then, a study of the PBAT modification by reactive extrusion was proposed. The evolution of the polyester structure was characterized by size exclusion chromatography, according to various parameters including the mixing time. Finally, various modifications of PBAT/TPF mixture were tested. Modifying the PBAT, the TPF phase or the interface via the compatibilizers were studied in order to tailor the rheological, morphological and mechanical properties
Dellière, Pierre. "Résines furaniques modulables et durables." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023COAZ4106.
Full textThis doctoral project was conducted within the ANR FUTURES (FUranic TUnable REsins for Sustainable materials) project.Poly(furfuryl alcohol) is a bio-based thermoset with excellent chemical and thermal properties. Yet, it may mechanically behave in a brittle manner. The aim of the project was to pave the way for new applications of poly(furfuryl alcohol) by exploiting side reactions occurring during polymerization. This leads to additional functionalities that could be exploited to, among others, reduce the brittleness of the material.First, the reactive carbonyl resulting from the furan ring opening side reaction were quantified by potentiometry and quantitative NMR. The key factors that were influencing the carbonyl content were assessed and water proved to be the main one. The chemical nature of the carbonyls was thoroughly investigated by 2D NMR and a new surface crosslinking phenomenon was identified and explained. The impact of this surface crosslinking on the materials' properties was evaluated. Finally, the presence of carbonyls due to the ring-opening side reaction was exploited to functionalize the polymer. The use of large flexible amines allowed to shift the materials properties from brittle to ductile therefore paving to way to new applications for poly(furfuryl alcohol). Finally, factors governing the properties of the amine-functionalized materials were studied
Bouchneb, Kerkoub Maroua. "Synthèse sol-gel non hydrolytique de catalyseurs stables pour l’hydrogénation en phase aqueuse de substrats biosourcés." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS147.
Full textFor a more environmentally friendly process, the hydrogenation of biosourced platform molecules such as succinic acid has to be carried out in the aqueous phase. Considering the harsh reaction conditions (160 °C, 150 bars H2, acid aqueous medium), the design of new, highly stable catalysts is needed. The most active and selective catalysts described for the aqueous phase hydrogenation of succinic acid to 1,4-butanediol are based on palladium promoted by rhenium, impregnated on a TiO2 anatase support. In this thesis, the non-hydrolytic sol-gel process has been used to prepare different oxide and mixed oxide supports based on TiO2 and ZrO2, which are the most stable oxides under hydrothermal conditions. This process allowed the one-step synthesis of high specific surface area mesoporous supports with a controlled crystalline structure and composition. In particular, we showed that it was possible to prepare “promoted supports” (TiO2-Re2O7, TiO2-MoO3, ZrO2-Re2O7, ZrO2-MoO3), incorporating the transition metal promoter, which migrates toward the surface during the calcination. Our hypothesis was that this approach would lead to a better dispersion and possibly a better stability of the promoter, and thus to a more efficient catalyst. The first catalytic tests carried out by our partners at IRCELYON showed that the Pd-based catalysts obtained with our promoted TiO2 supports were more selective and more active than the equivalent catalysts prepared by impregnation from Pd. Then the promoter on a TiO2 support, which seems to validate our initial hypothesis. Catalysis tests on the promoted ZrO2 and ZrO2 substrates are ongoing
Cabral, Almada Cédric. "Étude sur la dépolymérisation catalytique de la lignine en milieu oxydant : vers la production d’aromatiques biosourcés." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10301/document.
Full textThis work is part of the CHEMLIVAL project aiming at the lignin valorization into functionalized aromatics compounds (functions : aldehydes, carboxylic acids, phenols) for fine chemistry or polymer applications. With this in mind, we studied lignin valorization through heterogeneous catalytic oxidation in alkaline media, an environmental friendly approach, for the production of aromatic compounds such as vanillin or syringaldehyde. After an extensive characterization of the different lignin samples used, we proceeded to an optimization of the conditions parameters (temperature, pressure, catalysts…) and kinetics study. As a results, yields similar or even higher than those reported in the literature were obtained. This work demonstrated that the lignin source as well as its extraction process has a great influence over the aromatic yields. Furthermore, the results acquired allowed us to propose a reaction scheme for lignin oxidation. The use of a catalyst (Pt/TiO2) was found to be beneficial for the production of aromatic compounds probably due to metallo-initiated mechanism that still needs to be identified
Giraud, Lauriane. "Bis-vanillin substrates as source of π-conjugated polymers for organic electronic." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0404.
Full textThe objective of this PhD is to synthesize π-conjugated bio-based polymers from vanillin, with potential applications in the field of organic electronic (photovoltaic, Organic Light Emitting Diode, OLED). Polyazomethines with high molar masses were obtained via the copolymerization of divanillin with various diamines. This polycondensation was performed in 5 minutes under microwave irradiation, followed by solvent removal using a rotary evaporator. Divanillin-based polyazomethines absorb in the near-UV range but have a short conjugation pathway, as revealed investigations on model compounds. To improve this conjugated pathway, a divanillin-based molecule bearing aldehyde functions in para positions with respect to the link between the rings, was designed. This so-called para-divanillin, never reported before, was copolymerized to yield polyazomethines. These latter polymers also have a short conjugation pathway due to steric hindrance between the two aromatic rings of the para-divanillin skeleton. A last family of divanillin-based polymers was thus investigated: polythiazolothiazoles. The latter exhibit specific emission properties as they emit in the blue range in solution and in the yellow range in films. Benzothiazole-based model compounds were also synthesized and exhibited a fluorescence quantum yield of 20% and “herringbone-like” π-stacking, giving them a strong potential for various organic electronic applications