Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Polymérisation contrôlée par nitroxide'
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Moreira, Guillaume. "Synthèse de copolymères greffés d'acétate de cellulose-g-PS par polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par les nitroxydes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4719.
Full textIn order to respond to the fossil resources depletion, a particular attention was paid to the use of renewable resources since several years. In this context, many researches focus on the use of polysaccharides such as cellulose. These compounds are attractive because of their abundance, low cost and biodegradability. On the other hand, these polymers suffer from weak mechanical resistance limiting their practical applications. Grafting synthetic polymers chains on these natural polymers is an alternative to this problem. Nevertheless, grafting strategies described in the literature involve certain limitations such as the difficulty of implementation, the toxicity of the used methods, the great number of synthesis steps or the control of molar mass. Moreover, the characterization of these complex architectures remains delicate in order to prove the covalent grafting of chains on the polysaccharide. In line with this research context, the topic of this thesis concerns the development of a robust method for cellulose acetate polymer grafting. Moreover, the selected method has to be easy to implement, with a possible application as a compatibilizer for blending of polystyrene and cellulose acetate. In order to achieve this purpose, our strategy is based on the use of Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization (NMP) where particular attention was paid to the structural characterization of synthesized materials (solid state NMR, DOSY NMR, ESR, SEC of grafts, DLS and DSC)
Moreira, Guillaume. "Synthèse de copolymères greffés d'acétate de cellulose-g-PS par polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par les nitroxydes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4719.
Full textIn order to respond to the fossil resources depletion, a particular attention was paid to the use of renewable resources since several years. In this context, many researches focus on the use of polysaccharides such as cellulose. These compounds are attractive because of their abundance, low cost and biodegradability. On the other hand, these polymers suffer from weak mechanical resistance limiting their practical applications. Grafting synthetic polymers chains on these natural polymers is an alternative to this problem. Nevertheless, grafting strategies described in the literature involve certain limitations such as the difficulty of implementation, the toxicity of the used methods, the great number of synthesis steps or the control of molar mass. Moreover, the characterization of these complex architectures remains delicate in order to prove the covalent grafting of chains on the polysaccharide. In line with this research context, the topic of this thesis concerns the development of a robust method for cellulose acetate polymer grafting. Moreover, the selected method has to be easy to implement, with a possible application as a compatibilizer for blending of polystyrene and cellulose acetate. In order to achieve this purpose, our strategy is based on the use of Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization (NMP) where particular attention was paid to the structural characterization of synthesized materials (solid state NMR, DOSY NMR, ESR, SEC of grafts, DLS and DSC)
Delplace, Vianney. "Synthèse de polymères vinyliques pégylés dégradables par polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par les nitroxydes." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA114835/document.
Full textNanomedicine, especially for cancer treatment, has attracted much interest over the last fifteen years, developing innovative strategies for targeting diseased tissues. Further improvements of these approaches will require advanced new materials affording versatility, functionalities and specific physico-chemical properties, all advantages offered by the controlled radical polymerization (CRP) techniques. These radical polymerizations already showed their great potential through various efficient anticancer polymer nanocarriers but all lacking of degradability, which may hinder any actual developments.Anticipating the needs, this project focused on the synthesis of degradable PEG-based polymers by nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP), as an early stage in the usual process of nanocarrier design. To do so, NMP of oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (MeOEGMA) has been for the first time combined to the radical ring-opening polymerization (rROP) of various cyclic ketene acetals (CKAs), known as ester precursors.Among three CKAs tested, 2-methylene-4-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane (MPDL) has shown a unique ability to copolymerize with methacrylate derivatives, likely due to a styrene-like open structure allowing for its use in NMP. Through a careful study of the control and livingness properties of these copolymers, MPDL was also demonstrated to be the first degradable controlling comonomer for polymethacrylate synthesis. The degradability of the resulting PEG-based copolymers was proven to be proportional to the adjustable amount of MPDL inserted, up to complete degradation. These copolymers showed no cytotoxic effect on various cell types (fibroblasts, endothelial cells and macrophages), and an additional study of the innocuousness of their degradation products led to similar results, underlining their potential biocompatibility which, if confirmed, would allow these materials to be used for biomedical applications.A second project about a new azlactone-functionalized SG1-based alkoxyamine (AzSG1) was also set up, as initiator for the synthesis of functionalizable polymers by NMP. Using the AzSG1 alkoxyamine, the NMP of styrene, n-butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate were successfully performed, as well as a quantitative coupling of benzylamine as proof of concept. In the near future, making use of this functionalizable initiator for copolymerizing MeOEGMA with MPDL may allow the easy synthesis of functionalized degradable copolymers by NMP, for bioconjugation and drug delivery applications
Guegain, Elise. "Prodrogues Polymères Dégradables par Polymérisation Radicalaire par Ouverture de Cycle Contrôlée par les Nitroxydes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS569.
Full textNitroxide-mediated radical ring-opening copolymerization of methacrylic esters and cyclic ketene acetals was investigated and enabled the synthesis of well-defined degradable vinyl copolymers containing ester groups along the main chain, whose amount was readily adjusted by changing the initial comonomer feed. More specifically, the copolymerizations of 2-methylene-4-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane (MPDL) and either oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA) or methyl methacrylate (MMA) were initiated by an alkoxyamine initiator based on the SG1 nitroxide. It led to a library of P(OEGMA-co-MPDL) and P(MMA-co-MPDL) materials that were hydrolytically degraded under both accelerated and physiological conditions. Their hydrolytic degradation kinetics were also benchmarked against traditional polyesters (e.g., PLGA, PLA and PCL) where P(OEGMA-co-MPDL) copolymers showed tunable degradation rates as function of the MPDL content, being in between those of PLA and PCL. Conversely, the more hydrophobic P(MMA-co-MPDL) copolymers exhibited much slower hydrolysis than that of PCL. In a second step, a new class of degradable polymer prodrugs was developed by nitroxide-mediated radical ring-opening copolymerization of MPDL with OEGMA or MMA, from a drug-bearing initiator (‘drug-initiated’ method). To do so, Gemcitabine, an anticancer drug, was derivatized with a SG1-based alkoxyamine to initiate the copolymerization reaction. The resulting degradable polymer prodrugs exhibited interesting characteristics in terms of drug release and in vitro cytotoxicity, depending on the nature of the methacrylic ester used, the nature of the linker between the drug and the polymer and the MPDL content. This study enabled us to extract important structure-activity relationships of great importance for further development
Farcet, Céline. "Polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par les nitroxydes en miniémulsion aqueuse." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066133.
Full textBosson, Julien. "Photopolymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par les nitroxydes : synthèse d'alcoxyamines photosensibles, études mécanistiques et applications." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4763.
Full textControlled radical photopolymerization represents a rapidly emerging field in material science. This process is characterized by important advantages and provides the possibility to prepare complex polymer architectures in mild conditions such as patterns. In recent years, the development of controlled radical photopolymerizations, such as RAFT, ATRP and NMP, is recognized as particularly interesting and powerful. In this context, we focused our research to the development of the NMP2 polymerization. In line with this research context, the topic of this thesis was to prepare alkoxyamines for a photochemical control. Particular attention has been focused on understanding the mechanism governing the process and structure/reactivity relationships. In addition, the best candidates were tested in NMP2 process and more particularly to the preparation of polymer patterns on surface. Finally, new approaches have been explored to perform NMP2 such as ESCP (Enhanced Spin Capturing Polymerization)
Bosson, Julien. "Photopolymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par les nitroxydes : synthèse d'alcoxyamines photosensibles, études mécanistiques et applications." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4763/document.
Full textControlled radical photopolymerization represents a rapidly emerging field in material science. This process is characterized by important advantages and provides the possibility to prepare complex polymer architectures in mild conditions such as patterns. In recent years, the development of controlled radical photopolymerizations, such as RAFT, ATRP and NMP, is recognized as particularly interesting and powerful. In this context, we focused our research to the development of the NMP2 polymerization. In line with this research context, the topic of this thesis was to prepare alkoxyamines for a photochemical control. Particular attention has been focused on understanding the mechanism governing the process and structure/reactivity relationships. In addition, the best candidates were tested in NMP2 process and more particularly to the preparation of polymer patterns on surface. Finally, new approaches have been explored to perform NMP2 such as ESCP (Enhanced Spin Capturing Polymerization)
Chevalier, Céline. "Polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par les nitroxydes : applicabilité et développements nouveaux." Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12738.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the study of the nitroxide mediated free-radical polymerization, system developed by ATOFINA company. Previous works showed that N-tert-butyl-1-diethyl phosphono-2,2-dimethyl propyl nitroxide (SG1) was very efficient in the controlled radical polymerization of styrene and acrylates. The initial purpose of this work dealt with the investigation of the impact of dilution on the control. Studies were conducted in order to determine the rate constant of recombination (kt) and the concentration of dead chains. In the next step we developed a new method to remove the alkoxyamine extremity of the polymers with a perspective towards an industrial application for such polymerizations. This has been achieved with the aid of a-methylstyrene above its ceiling temperature. This monomer surprisingly entails a chain reversible coupling which was precisely studied in the third chapter. Then, we showed that a-methylstyrene and its derivatives are able to behave as a controlling agent of the free radical copolymerizations via this mechanism
Dire, Charlotte. "Polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée du méthacrylate de méthyle par le nitroxyde SG1 en émulsion." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066036.
Full textThe nitroxide SG1-mediated polymerization of methyl methacrylate can be achieved at 90 °C with high conversion and high quality of control by introducing a small amount of styrene. Chainend analysis of the resulting copolymers has shown the presence of SG1-based alkoxyamine, supporting the livingness of the macromolecules. In particular, it was shown that the alkoxyamine endgroup was connected to a single styrene terminal unit and that the methyl methacrylate penultimate unit had a strong effect on the temperature of dissociation. Consequently, the polymerization of methyl methacrylate with a low molar proportion of styrene could be performed at temperatures below 90 °C. It was moreover demonstrated that -hydrogen transfer from propagating PMMA radical to the nitroxide SG1 cannot be completely ruled out and the rate constant was determined to be kHtr = 1. 69 103 L. Mol-1. S-1. The copolymerization strategy was then successfully applied to the polymerization of methacrylic acid (MAA) and the resulting living P(MAA-co-S)-SG1 copolymers were further used as water-soluble macroinitiators for the surfactant-free, ab initio, batch, emulsion copolymerization of methyl methacrylate and styrene, in alkaline conditions at temperature below 90 °C. The polymerizations were well-controlled, with a very high initiating efficiency, due to the high dissociation rate constant of the macroalkoxyamines. It led to the in situ formation of amphiphilic block copolymers that self-assembled into small particules with diameter below 100 nm, according to a polymerization-induced micellization process
Groison, Émilie. "Polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par les nitroxydes en émulsion sans tensioactif pour le développement industriel de latex à morphologies variées." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10204/document.
Full textWater-soluble, SG1-based macroalkoxyamines composed of methacrylic acid with a low percentage of sodium 4-styrene sulfonate were synthesized in aqueous solution. These macroalkoxyamines were used as macroinitiators in the surfactant-free emulsion polymerization ofmethyl methacrylate or n-butyl methacrylate with a low percentage of styrene. The polymerization induced self-assembly of the so-formed amphiphilic block copolymers leads to nanoobjects with various morphologies (spheres, fibers, vesicles), depending on their hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance. The most interesting morphology is the nanofiber type of organization as the suspensions presentshear-thinning properties at low concentration and viscoelastic behavior at high concentration. The synthesis of these latexes was investigated and developed in one-pot conditions in order to allow further production at the industrial scale
Blas, Hélène. "Polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par le nitroxyde SG1 à la surface de particules de silice mésoporeuse." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00813166.
Full textCouvreur, Laurence. "Polymérisation et copolymérisation radicalaires de l'acide acrylique contrôlées par le nitroxyde SG1." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066077.
Full textParvole, Julien. "Formation de brosses d'élastomères sur surfaces siliciées : Utilisation de la Polymérisation Radicalaire Contrôlée par l'intermédiaire de nitroxydes." Pau, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PAUU3021.
Full textThe main objective consisted of generating elastomer brushes via Controlled Radical Polymerization on silica substrates. In the case of the silica particles, we identified the specific characteristics of the CRP at the surface and showed the effectiveness of this tool in forming polyacrylate thin layers on porous substrates. In addition, a direct comparison of the polymer populations (grafted and free polymers) highlighted some differences. Indeed, the kinetic of polymerization starting from the surface were slower than in the volume, allowing a better control of the former. With regard to silicon wafers, the application of this system enabled us to obtainh high grafting density. Moreover, the results showed a living/controlled character of the radical polymerization starting from the surface. This type of radical polymerization thus represents an effective tool for the formation elastomers brushes
Bartholome, Christèle. "Application de la polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par les nitroxydes à la fonctionnalisation de particules de Silice." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10234.
Full textOurdouillie, Pascal. "Etude de la synthèse et de la caractérisation de réseaux polymères par polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par des radicaux nitroxyle." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10276.
Full textChagneux, Nelly. "Synthèse de copolymères diblocs par combinaison de la polymérisation par ouverture de cycle et de la polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par les nitroxydes : application au renfort de polymères amorphes." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2009AIX11009.pdf.
Full textLefay, Catherine. "Copolymérisation statistique du styrène et de l'acide acrylique contrôlée par le nitroxyde SG1 : application comme stabilisant en milieu aqueux dispersé." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066055.
Full textMa, Huanhuan. "Synthesis of silica/polymer hybrid particles with controlled morphologies through polymerization induced co-assembly of grafted and free block copolymers." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10330.
Full textOrganic/inorganic nanocomposite colloids are attracting considerable attention due to their diverse range of potential applications. Polymerization-induced self-assembly of block copolymers on the surface of inorganic nanoparticles is recognized as a particularly effective strategy for the synthesis of these materials. This study aims to synthesize hydrophilic polymer brushes on silica particles using nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization (NMP) and subsequently employ them as macroinitiators for the growth of a second hydrophobic block. Hybrid colloids with well-defined morphologies are thus obtained through the co-assembly of surface-grafted and “free” ungrafted block copolymers. The first part of this work explores the grafting of weak polyelectrolyte brushes, namely poly(methacrylic acid-co-styrene) (P(MAA-co-S)), from the surface of silica particles. Alkoxyamine initiators were covalently attached to silica particles of varying sizes in two-steps, resulting in a large range of alkoxyamine grafting densities. These modified silica particles were subsequently employed as initiators for the NMP of MAA in the presence of a small amount of styrene as a controlling comonomer. By systematically varying the experimental conditions, silica particles functionalized with P(MAA-co-S) brushes, with tunable grafting densities and molar masses, were synthesized, and their pH- and salt-responsive behaviors were investigated. The resulting P(MAA-co-S)-functionalized silica particles were then employed in the aqueous emulsion copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and styrene in the presence of free macroinitiator. Control experiments conducted without silica produced electrosterically stabilized spherical latex particles via polymerization-induced self-assembly. The effects of macroinitiator concentration, molar mass, solids content, and temperature on the polymerization kinetics and latex particles size were systematically studied. When PMAA-grafted silica particles were used, the co-assembly of the amphiphilic block copolymers on the silica surface and in solution, resulted in hybrid particles with raspberry, core-shell, or multicore morphologies depending on silica particle size, salt concentration, and the grafting density and molecular weight of the macroinitiator. The third part of this work reports the synthesis of sterically stabilized P(MAA-co-S)-b-P(BzMA-co-S) block copolymers nano-objects through alcoholic NMP dispersion polymerization of benzyl methacrylate (BzMA). The polymerization was well-controlled at 85°C in pure ethanol, producing copolymers that not only formed spherical particles but also self-assembled into more complex structures, such as worms and vesicles depending on the molar mass or concentration of the macroinitiator, and monomer content. Upon introducing P(MAA-co-S)-functionalized silica particles into the dispersion polymerization system, co-assembly of grafted and free block copolymers resulted in original hybrid morphologies composed of surface-tethered short worms or vesicles. By modifying the reaction conditions and monomer types, a wide range of nanocomposite colloidal morphologies were achieved using the same polymer brush-modified silica particles
Tardy, Antoine. "Limites et potentiels de la polymérisation radicalaire par ouverture de cycle pour la synthèse de polyesters." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4714/document.
Full textThe Radical Ring-Opening Polymerization (R-ROP) is a synthetic pathway to introduce chemical functions into a polymer backbone due to an addition-fragmentation mechanism. Using specific monomers like Cyclic Ketene Acetals (CKA) in the right conditions allows preparing aliphatic polyesters which have numerous applications thanks to their (bio)degradability. This method has been quite faintly investigated since the 1980s and even if it has a great potential, it suffers of numerous limitations. This PhD work consisted in the understanding of those limitations to try bringing solutions to them, with a combined approach of experiments and theory.We first demonstrated that the exclusive preparation of polyesters comes from a kinetic competition. The behavior of the distinct monomers is explained by orbital interactions depending on the geometry, flexibility and substitution of the cycles. Then, we highlighted the extremely difficult propagation of the monomers propagating with stabilized aromatic radicals. This low reactivity inherent to the electron-rich double link of the CKAs is also the cause of low polyester introduction during the copolymerization with usual vinyl monomers. We took advantage of the CKA copolymerization rationalization to realize statistical and alternate copolymerizations. At last, the study of the nitroxide mediated R-ROP demonstrated the occurrence of side reactions characteristic of this system that allow at present a partial control of the polymerization
Tardy, Antoine. "Limites et potentiels de la polymérisation radicalaire par ouverture de cycle pour la synthèse de polyesters." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4714.
Full textThe Radical Ring-Opening Polymerization (R-ROP) is a synthetic pathway to introduce chemical functions into a polymer backbone due to an addition-fragmentation mechanism. Using specific monomers like Cyclic Ketene Acetals (CKA) in the right conditions allows preparing aliphatic polyesters which have numerous applications thanks to their (bio)degradability. This method has been quite faintly investigated since the 1980s and even if it has a great potential, it suffers of numerous limitations. This PhD work consisted in the understanding of those limitations to try bringing solutions to them, with a combined approach of experiments and theory.We first demonstrated that the exclusive preparation of polyesters comes from a kinetic competition. The behavior of the distinct monomers is explained by orbital interactions depending on the geometry, flexibility and substitution of the cycles. Then, we highlighted the extremely difficult propagation of the monomers propagating with stabilized aromatic radicals. This low reactivity inherent to the electron-rich double link of the CKAs is also the cause of low polyester introduction during the copolymerization with usual vinyl monomers. We took advantage of the CKA copolymerization rationalization to realize statistical and alternate copolymerizations. At last, the study of the nitroxide mediated R-ROP demonstrated the occurrence of side reactions characteristic of this system that allow at present a partial control of the polymerization
Cuoq, Fabrice. "Fonctionnalisation d’un nouveau matériau pour le traitement de l’eau potable par floculation lestée." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4337.
Full textThe purpose of this project was to improve a clarification process developed by VEOLIA Environment: The Actiflo®. The Actfilo® is based on adding microsand in the flocculation stage in order to increase the speed of sedimentation. However, a significant amount of polymeric flocculant is continuously added to the process, and residuals can be found in the decanted water. Our work was to graft a polymeric flocculant onto microsand in order to recycle the full hybrid material through hydrocycloning. Functionalization by "Grafting Onto" was based on grafting a commercial polymer onto microsand whereas “Grafting From” was based on surface-initiated polymerization. Flocculation properties of functionalized microsands were then tested in conventional coagulation/flocculation tests where the effectiveness of the two grafting methods was compared. Cationic functionalized sands, obtained by “Grafting From”, exhibit the best properties as a decrease of Dissolved Organic Carbon of 25% was reached whereas a decrease of 15% was reached by adding free polymer or adding sands from the “Grafting Onto” method. However final turbidity value was always slightly lower for the flocculation that occured when free polymer was added (- 0,5 NTU). Finally, regeneration processes to recycle the functionalized sands were established. The most effective of them being a treatment with Oxalic Acid. This treatment allowed us to regenerate flocculating properties of functionalized sands twice
Vinciguerra, Daniele. "Drug-initiated synthesis and biological evaluation of heterotelechelic polymer prodrug nanoparticles." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS592.
Full textA facile and versatile synthetic platform to prepare high drug loading, heterobifunctional polymer prodrug nanoparticles was developed by combining the “drug-initiated” method to obtain α-functional polymer prodrugs by nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP), and the nitroxide exchange reaction from a functional nitroxide to attach a second molecule of interest at the ω chain-end. A library of heterotelechelic polymers prodrugs with different combinations for various purposes (e.g., drug delivery, imaging/theranostic, combination therapy, active targeting) was prepared using polyisoprene (PI) as polymer scaffold. More specifically, an alkoxyamine based on the SG1 nitroxide was functionalized with the first drug of interest and used to perform the NMP of isoprene to yield the desired polymer prodrug. Subsequently, by applying the nitroxide exchange reaction using a TEMPO nitroxide functionalized with the second molecule of interest, the SG1 nitroxide at the chain-end was quantitatively replaced by the functional TEMPO and the desired heterobifunctional polymer prodrug was formed. This general methodology was applied to the following combinations: (i) gemcitabine (Gem)/rhodamine (Rho) and Gem/cyanine for drug delivery and imaging; (ii) aminoglutethimide (Agm)/doxorubicin (Dox), Gem/Dox and Gem/Lapatinib (Lap) for combination therapy and (iii) Gem/biotin for drug delivery and active targeting in vitro and in vivo. For polymer prodrug nanoparticles bearing fluorescent dyes, in vitro and in vivo imaging studies were performed to investigate their cellular internalization and their biodistribution, respectively. As for the different combination therapies, the in vitro cytotoxicity of the nanoparticles was determined and compared to that of other strategies to deliver two different drugs (e.g., conanoprecipitation, physical mixture of nanoparticles).Finally, heterobifunctional polymer prodrugs bearing adenosine in alfa position and a maleimide moiety in omega position were synthesized to give nanoparticles that were further surface-functionalized with different proteins able to promote crossing through the blood brain barrier for drug delivery to the brain
Gle, David. "Synthèse de copolymères à architectures complexes à base de POE utilisés en tant qu'électrolytes polymères solides pour une application dans les batteries lithium métal-polymère." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4761.
Full textIn the context of sustainable development, electric vehicles appear to be a major solution for the future. Among the lastest technologies, the Lithium Metal Polymer battery has presented very interesting performances in terms of energy density. The main drawback of this system is the formation of lithium dendrites during the refill of the battery that could cause short circuits leading to the explosion of the battery. The aim of my PhD is to develop a Solid Polymer Electrolyte showing a high ionic conductivity (2.10-4 S.cm-1 at 40°C) and a high mechanical strength (30 MPa) to prevent dendritic growth. For that purpose, Nitroxide Mediated Polymerization is used to synthesize block copolymers with a PEO moiety for ionic conduction –CH2-CH2-O- and polystyrene for mechanical strength. Different kind of architectures have been synthesized : block copolymer with linear PEO moiety or with grafted PEO moiety
Gle, David. "Synthèse de copolymères à architectures complexes à base de POE utilisés en tant qu'électrolytes polymères solides pour une application dans les batteries lithium métal-polymère." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4761/document.
Full textIn the context of sustainable development, electric vehicles appear to be a major solution for the future. Among the lastest technologies, the Lithium Metal Polymer battery has presented very interesting performances in terms of energy density. The main drawback of this system is the formation of lithium dendrites during the refill of the battery that could cause short circuits leading to the explosion of the battery. The aim of my PhD is to develop a Solid Polymer Electrolyte showing a high ionic conductivity (2.10-4 S.cm-1 at 40°C) and a high mechanical strength (30 MPa) to prevent dendritic growth. For that purpose, Nitroxide Mediated Polymerization is used to synthesize block copolymers with a PEO moiety for ionic conduction –CH2-CH2-O- and polystyrene for mechanical strength. Different kind of architectures have been synthesized : block copolymer with linear PEO moiety or with grafted PEO moiety
Handke, Nadege. "Elaboration de nanoparticules de poly (acide lactique) multifonctionnelles comme adjuvants potentiels de vaccination." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10134/document.
Full textVaccination represents one of the most powerful tools of medicine for the fight against infectious diseases. The improvement of vaccine efficiency needs the development of adjuvants able to increase the quality of the immune response. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles (NPs) represent an efficient system for antigen delivery. In order to improve their vaccine potential, the goal of this research work was to elaborate PLA NPs decorated at the surface with immunostimulatory molecules, D-mannose or peptide derived from interleukine-Beta, and into the core with imiquimod. Our strategy relies on the use of a macromolecular surfactant composed of a PLA block and a poly(N- acryloxysuccinimide-co-N-vinylpyrrolidone) (P(NAS-co-NVP)) block, whose N-succinimidyl (NS) activated esters allow the coupling of biomolecules. This diblock copolymer was synthesized by the combination of ring opening polymerization and nitroxide mediated polymerization (NMP). After the study of the copolymerization of NAS and NVP by NMP from the MAMA-SG1 model alkoxyamine, their copolymerization was performed from the macro-alkoxyamine PLA-SG1, leading to the desired copolymer PLA-b-P(NAS-co-NVP). PLA NPs were then prepared by nanoprecipitation and diafiltration, in the presence of the copolymer, leading to 150 nm and 500 nm sized particles, respectively. Studies of zeta potential and UV spectrometry demonstrated the presence of NS-activated esters at the NP surface (2.4 functions.nm-2), available for the coupling of biomolecules. Micelles from copolymer were also prepared, after substitution of esters with carbohydrates, and allowed an efficient encapsulation of imiquimod, contrary to PLA NPs. These systems represent a flexible platform of potential adjuvants as an alternative to non-biodegradable adjuvants currently used
Handke, Nadege. "Elaboration de nanoparticules de poly (acide lactique) multifonctionnelles comme adjuvants potentiels de vaccination." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10134.
Full textVaccination represents one of the most powerful tools of medicine for the fight against infectious diseases. The improvement of vaccine efficiency needs the development of adjuvants able to increase the quality of the immune response. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles (NPs) represent an efficient system for antigen delivery. In order to improve their vaccine potential, the goal of this research work was to elaborate PLA NPs decorated at the surface with immunostimulatory molecules, D-mannose or peptide derived from interleukine-Beta, and into the core with imiquimod. Our strategy relies on the use of a macromolecular surfactant composed of a PLA block and a poly(N- acryloxysuccinimide-co-N-vinylpyrrolidone) (P(NAS-co-NVP)) block, whose N-succinimidyl (NS) activated esters allow the coupling of biomolecules. This diblock copolymer was synthesized by the combination of ring opening polymerization and nitroxide mediated polymerization (NMP). After the study of the copolymerization of NAS and NVP by NMP from the MAMA-SG1 model alkoxyamine, their copolymerization was performed from the macro-alkoxyamine PLA-SG1, leading to the desired copolymer PLA-b-P(NAS-co-NVP). PLA NPs were then prepared by nanoprecipitation and diafiltration, in the presence of the copolymer, leading to 150 nm and 500 nm sized particles, respectively. Studies of zeta potential and UV spectrometry demonstrated the presence of NS-activated esters at the NP surface (2.4 functions.nm-2), available for the coupling of biomolecules. Micelles from copolymer were also prepared, after substitution of esters with carbohydrates, and allowed an efficient encapsulation of imiquimod, contrary to PLA NPs. These systems represent a flexible platform of potential adjuvants as an alternative to non-biodegradable adjuvants currently used
Loste, Julien. "Elaboration de matériaux composites transparents à base de nanoparticules hybrides cœur@écorce." Thesis, Pau, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PAUU3054/document.
Full textThe incorporation of inorganic particles into a polymer matrix confers new properties to the material or enhances significantly existing properties. However, the perceived visual appearance, such as loss of transparency, might be modified by the scattering of light by the particles. This light scattering is mainly due to the particle –or aggregates of particles- dimensions and the refractive index difference between matrix and fillers. In order to address both issues, the objective of the present work was to control simultaneously the dispersion state of the inorganic nanoparticles into the polymeric matrix and the refractive index of the nanoparticles to match the one of the matrix. To achieve this new composite, we designed hybrid core@shell nanoparticles with an inorganic core that brings new properties and a polymer shell of controlled thickness, obtained by surface-initiated nitroxide mediated controlled radical polymerization. The polymer shell limits the aggregation of the particles and enables us to tune the average refractive index of the hybrid core@shell particle. By controlling the thickness and the chemical nature of the polymeric shell, we targeted to match the refractive index of the hybrid core@shell particle to the one of the polymeric matrix. The nanoparticles were further dispersed into a poly(methyl methacrylate) matrix. Optical properties of composites were characterized by spectrogoniophotometry which gave us informations about the intensity and the angular distribution of the transmitted light by the nanocomposites. The transparency of the nanocomposites was strongly enhanced for core@shell particles fulfilling the refractive index matching conditions
Pelletier, Bérengère. "Caractérisation approfondie de copolymères triblocs PS-b-POE-b-PS utilisés en tant qu'Electrolytes Polymères Solides pour les batteries Lithium-Métal-Polymère." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4730/document.
Full textThe research on electrochemical storage of energy is today in a stage of fast and profound evolution owing to the strong development of portable electronics requesting power energy as well as the requirement of greener transport modes. Most commercial batteries use liquid or liquid-based electrolytes, which limits their thermal stability, energy density and safety. These limitations could be considerably offset by the use of solid polymer electrolytes (SPE) and lithium metal polymer technology (LMP). However, the main drawback of the SPE is the decrease of the ionic conductivity with increasing mechanical strength, necessary to avoid the formation of lithium dendrites during the recharge of the battery. In this context, triblock copolymers PS-b-PEO-b-PS with a PEO block as ionic conductor and PS block providing mechanical strength was a promising candidate as SPE. In order to build composition/morphology/performance relationships, the aim of my PhD is to characterize carefully the block copolymer. For that purpose, the PS-b-PEO-b-PS synthesized (NMP) were characterized using Liquid Chromatography under Limiting Conditions of Desorption (LC LCD). Furthermore, analyses of morphologies and nano-structure by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) techniques, analyses of thermal (DSC) and mechanical (DSC) properties will be also discussed. Finally, measures of impedance were made via symmetric cells Lithium / Electrolyte / Lithium
Lepoittevin, Bénédicte. "Synthèse et caractérisation d'architectures à base de polystyrène cyclique préparé par polymérisations contrôlées." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066291.
Full textChauvin, Florence Marie. "Matériaux acryliques nanostructurés par polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée." Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX11041.
Full textPelletier, Bérengère. "Caractérisation approfondie de copolymères triblocs PS-b-POE-b-PS utilisés en tant qu'Electrolytes Polymères Solides pour les batteries Lithium-Métal-Polymère." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4730.
Full textThe research on electrochemical storage of energy is today in a stage of fast and profound evolution owing to the strong development of portable electronics requesting power energy as well as the requirement of greener transport modes. Most commercial batteries use liquid or liquid-based electrolytes, which limits their thermal stability, energy density and safety. These limitations could be considerably offset by the use of solid polymer electrolytes (SPE) and lithium metal polymer technology (LMP). However, the main drawback of the SPE is the decrease of the ionic conductivity with increasing mechanical strength, necessary to avoid the formation of lithium dendrites during the recharge of the battery. In this context, triblock copolymers PS-b-PEO-b-PS with a PEO block as ionic conductor and PS block providing mechanical strength was a promising candidate as SPE. In order to build composition/morphology/performance relationships, the aim of my PhD is to characterize carefully the block copolymer. For that purpose, the PS-b-PEO-b-PS synthesized (NMP) were characterized using Liquid Chromatography under Limiting Conditions of Desorption (LC LCD). Furthermore, analyses of morphologies and nano-structure by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) techniques, analyses of thermal (DSC) and mechanical (DSC) properties will be also discussed. Finally, measures of impedance were made via symmetric cells Lithium / Electrolyte / Lithium
Bonnevide, Marine. "Nanocomposites élastomère-nanoparticules de silice greffées : de la synthèse aux mécanismes de dispersion." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0354.
Full textThe addition of nanometric fillers into a polymer matrix significantly improves its use properties. Optimization of nanocomposite reinforcement is related to the filler dispersion state in the matrix as well as to the filler/filler and filler/matrix interactions. In the tire industry, numerous studies have been devoted to these parameters in order to understand and control the reinforcement of elastomeric matrices such as Styrene Butadiene Rubber by silica nanoparticles. On an industrial scale, functional polymer or coupling agents such as bis(triethoxysilyl)propyl tetrasulfide are used to improve the dispersion of silica particles in elastomers and strengthen the matrix. However, it is difficult to control the grafting density and to modulate some parameters that may influence the dispersion state and interactions e.g. the nature and molar mass of the polymer chains covalently attached to the surface. To address these limitations, in this project we propose to synthesize silica nanoparticles grafted with polyisoprene, polybutadiene and statistical poly(butadiene-co-styrene) chains using the “grafting from” method associated to nitroxide mediated polymerization. In this aim, an alkoxyamine is grafted onto the nanoparticle surface in two steps by keeping the colloidal stability of the particles. After optimizing grafting parameters and polymerize the different monomers, the obtained grafted nanoparticles are characterized in terms of molar mass, microstructure, grafting density and gyration radius of the grafted chains. Their dispersion state is evaluated in solution as well as in matrices of various molecular weight and composition after the elaboration of nanocomposites
Balarezo, Mauricio. "Synthèse de (co)polymères biosourcés par polymérisation radicalaire (contrôlée)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS006.
Full textTo be more respectful of the environment, chemists are moving more and more towards green and eco-responsible chemistry. In this context, we wished, in this thesis, to develop the synthesis of biosourced (co)polymers by radical polymerization using particularly reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP). Indeed, this polymerization technique has allowed great progress in polymer chemistry because it combines the simplicity of radical polymerization with the advantages of living polymerizations for the development of well-defined macromolecular architectures. To achieve this, the biobased monomers used must contain a polymerizable function. Therefore, either biobased monomers or biobased molecules that have been functionalized were used. Among the RDRP methods, we opted for reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) radical polymerization. We also combined this method with the "PISA" (polymerization-induced self-assembly) approach to generate biosourced amphiphilic block copolymers in a green solvent (mainly water) and thus obtain polymeric particles with spherical morphology. For the solvophilic block, we first opted for poly(acrylic acid) because acrylic acid (AA) can be obtained from renewable resources. We then also looked at two other biobased monomers: itaconic acid (IA) and α-methylene-γ- butyrolactone (MBL). Regarding the solvophobic block, we were first interested in menthol, a terpene with a hydroxyl function that was functionalized with an acrylate group. This allowed us to synthesize for the first time biosourced nanoparticles using the RAFT-PISA process in dispersion in a green solvent. In a second step, we worked on two lignin-derived styrenic monomers, acetylated vinyl guaiacol (AcVG) and para-acetoxystyrene (AcST). Spherical nanoparticles whose diameter can be modulated with the length of the hydrophobic block were obtained using the RAFT-PISA process in water emulsion
Lin, Anna. "Nitroxide-mediated photo-polymerization." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0264.
Full textNowadays, photopolymerization has become an important process in the field of polymer science. This method presents several advantages such as the speed of the reaction, the environmental-friendly side (limited formation of released volatile organic compound and possibility of a reaction at room temperature) but also a spatial and temporal control. This photochemical approach applied in the past decades to controlled radical polymerization techniques such as ATRP, RAFT or NMP enable the control of polymer properties but also the preparation of block polymers. Among these techniques, the Nitroxide-Mediated Photopolymerization (NMP²) requires the use of a photosensitive alkoxyamine which has a chromophore group on the nitroxide moiety. In this manuscript, we present both the synthesis of photosensitive alkoxyamines and the studies of their photochemical properties investigated by absorption spectroscopy and by electron spin resonance experiments. We evaluated the polymerization abilities of the best obtained candidates. Finally, another approach has been tested to perform a reaction of NMP² from alkoxyamines made by ESCP (Enhanced Spin Capturing Polymerization) or via NMRC (Nitrone-Mediated Radical Coupling)
Asgarzadeh, Firouz. "Synthèse et caractérisation de réseaux polymères par polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10342.
Full textStoffelbach, François. "Etudes de processus de polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par des complexes de molybdène." Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOS030.
Full textOrganometallic and coordination complexes of molybdenum (Mo) have been studied in controlled radical polymerisation. A new tunable family of CpMoX2L2 complexes (L2 = R2-diazadiene; X = Cl, I) active in ATRP has been introduced. The ATRP method with organometallic Mo complexes has been extended successfully to acrylate monomers and to a PMA-b-PS block copolymer. A reasonable hypothesis for the role of Al(OiPr)3 on the ATRP rate has been formulated. A relationship between electronic structure and Al(OiPr)3 catalysis for the halogen exchange between ATRP catalyst and initiator has been dicovered. New and simpler syntheses of the commonly used MoCl4(Et2O)2 and MoCl3(THF)3 starting materials have been optimized. Simple (non organometallic) coordination compouds of Mo(III) are effective for the ATRP of styrene. New organometallic compounds of Mo(II) containing a diazadiene ligand have been synthesized; complex CpMo(CO)2(iPr2-dad)+,I- is capable of controlling the radical polymerisation of methyl acrylate
Dronet, Séverin. "Matériaux nanostructurés obtenus par combinaison de polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée et de mélangeage réactif." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00430883.
Full textGaillard, Nicolas. "Nouveaux tensioactifs par polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée : synthèse, application et interactions avec les épaississants associatifs." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10031.
Full textRead, Emmanuelle. "Nouveaux copolymères thermoépaississants par polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée RAFT/MADIX : synthèse, caractérisation et propriétés rhéologiques." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU30159.
Full textThis work deals with the synthesis of watersoluble thermoassociative polymers by controlled radical copolymerization by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer, RAFT/MADIX. These statistical polymers are made of poly(acrylamide-stat- 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid sodium salt) hydrophilic backbone and Jeffamine® LCST side chains incorporated by copolymerisation of the corresponding acrylamido macromonomer. The intermolecular side chain associations in hydrophobic microdomains lead to thermothickening properties under constant shear rate. Synthesis parameters were optimized (temperature, solid content, transfer agent concentration) in order to obtain ultra-high molecular weight polymers with limited crosslinking mainly derived from undesirable transfer to polymer induced by Jeffamine® side chains. Thorough characterization methods, such as rheokinetic, dynamic rheology and size exclusion chromatography coupled with light scattering detection, were applied to determine which parameters were able to limit polymer crosslinking. The viscosifying properties were monitored in steady state rheology measurements in semi-dilute regime
Rayeroux, David. "Polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par transfert d'iode en mode inverse (RITP) : Synthèse de copolymères amphiphiles." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENCM0025/document.
Full textThis manuscript describes the synthesis of amphiphilic diblock copolymers by reverse iodine transfer polymerization (RITP). Firstly, homopolymers derived from activated (styrene, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate), non-activated (vinyl acetate) and functional monomers (chloromethylstyrene, tert-butyl acrylate) synthesized by RITP, were studied. Aspects including molecular weight control as well as iodine chain-end functionality were investigated. In order to highlight the compatibility of RITP with other living/controlled (non-radical) polymerization techniques, a poly(styrene)-b-poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (PS-b-P(MOx)) non-ionic copolymer was conceived through an ‘all-iodine', ‘one-pot' process by combining successively RITP of styrene with cationic ring-opening polymerization (CROP) of 2-methyl-2-oxazoline. Besides, poly(styrene)-b-poly(chloromethylstyrene) quaternized with triethylamine (PS-b-PCMS+) cationic copolymers and poly(styrene)-b-poly(acrylic acid) (PS-b-PAA-) anionic copolymers were elaborated by RITP of styrene, followed by ITP of the hydrophilic moiety. All these amphiphilic copolymers were obtained from iodine-bearing chain-end poly(styrene) (PS-I) of low molecular weights, in the range of values of 1000 to 3000 g.mol-1, playing the role of macro-initiators (CROP) or macro-transfer agents (ITP). Studies of the self-assembly of these amphiphilic copolymers in aqueous phases revealed the formation of micelles for concentrations superior to the critical aggregation concentration (CAC). The latter value was determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and fluorescence spectroscopy. Moreover, highly-promising results were obtained in the use of PS-b-PCMS+ cationic copolymers as structuring agents meant for the elaboration of nanostructured, mesoporous silica-based materials through the sol-gel process in basic medium. Both the synthesis of the amphiphilic copolymers and their physico-chemical characterizations have evidenced that RITP fosters the synthesis of different categories of amphiphilic copolymers, while being a simple, cheap and robust technique
Gaschard-Pasquet, Véronique. "Synthèse contrôlée de copolymères éthylène-butène par catalyse Ziegler-Natta bisupportée." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO10508.
Full textFournier, David. "Polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par transfert d'atome (ATRP) de la diméthylvinylazlactone : application à l'élaboration de supports réactifs." Le Mans, 2005. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2005/2005LEMA1002.pdf.
Full textAmong the controlled/living radical polymerization techniques, ATRP has been extensively investigated since it provides well-defined polymers with controlled topology and functionality. However, the ATRP requires the presence of a transition metal complex such as copper complex, which contaminates the final polymer. Our works are based on the decrease of the copper residue in the final polymer. Our study is focalised on the immobilisation of a ligand able to complex copper onto solid supports. 2-Vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone (VDM) and styrene have been copolymerized by ATRP onto Wang resin prealably converted into an ATRP initiator. The supported (co)polymers containing a bromine chain-end and azlactone rings were modified by an amine used as ligand for copper bromide immobilization. Resulting supported ligands were studied through heterogeneous copper-mediated living radical polymerization. The application of those supported (co)polymers has been extended as nucleophilic scavengers and these original solid supports showed a very good behavior towards the reactivity with primary amine
Grebille, Bénédicte. "Photopolymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par ATRP : études mécanistiques, applications en sciences des matériaux et perspectives en microfabrication." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ENSL0017.
Full textIn the early 20th century, the physico-chemist Giacomo Luigi Ciamician, highlighted the benefits of using light as a suitable energy source for chemical reactions. At the end of this same century, the discovery of controlled radical polymerization, in particular ATRP (Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization), marked a major advance in polymer chemistry. This technique has been widely developed and used in a variety of fields, including surface functionalization through Surface Initiated ATRP (SI-ATRP), with applications ranging from biology to materials engineering. The main aim of this thesis is to explore the use of photoinduced ATRP in microprinting. For this purpose, a new multicomponent system for photoinduced ATRP has been developed and studied in detail from a physicochemical point of view. The thorough understanding of each component impact of the system has enabled to reach highly controlled polymerization under a wide variety of conditions, including in the open air. Moreover, this system, which includes a photosensitizer capable of two-photon absorption, has been used for a variety of purposes. It has been used to perform surface-initiated ATRP both in an inert atmosphere and in the presence of dioxygen. The optimization of the surface functionalization technique was used for microprinting. Furthermore, this multicomponent system facilitated the synthesis, by photoinduced ATRP from a new macrophotoinitiator, of water-soluble photosensitizers with interesting biphotonic absorption properties. This family of macromolecules has proved to be effective in photoinitiating emulsion polymerization, paving the way for two-photon photoinduced emulsion polymerization and potentially also to hydrogels microprinting
Forero, Ramirez Laura Marcela. "Élaboration de nanocapsules par polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée à partir d’un tensioactif réactif dérivé du dextrane." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0086/document.
Full textBiocompatible nanocapsules (NCs) for intravenous administration of hydrophobic anticancer agents were produced by interfacial Reversible Addition-Fragmentation chain Transfer (RAFT) miniemulsion polymerization. Controlled growth of polymeric grafts constituting NCs shell was obtained using a multi-reactive dextran-based transurf called DexN3-τCTAγ (acting both as macroRAFT agent and surfactant) to mediate RAFT polymerization at the liquid/liquid interface. NCs composed of a hydrophobic polymer shell (poly(methyl methacrylate)), an oily liquid core (Miglyol®810) and a hydrophilic polysaccharide coating (dextran) were obtained. These nano-objects were characterized in terms of size, dextran coverage (density, thickness and stability), colloidal stability and morphology. Synthesis of NCs with a pH-sensitive polymer shell was approached. Finally, potential of these nano-objects for biomedical applications was evaluated by studies on different aspects: i) encapsulation and delivery of a model active substance, ii) NCs cytotoxicity, iii) NCs interactions with plasma proteins, and iv) surface functionalization of NCs by “click chemistry”
Audureau, Nicolas. "Synthèse de (co)polymères à UCST par polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par RAFT et étude de leur thermosensibilité dans l’eau." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2021SORUS299.pdf.
Full textOver the past decade, polymers exhibiting a UCST type behavior in water have gained more and more interest. Among them, poly(acrylamide-co-acrylonitrile) (P(Am-co-AN)) and poly(N- acryloyl glucinamide) are the most popular. They have been mainly studied for the develoment of new smart systems for biomedical applications. Yet, reproductibility of their synthesis to obtain polymers with the targeted phase transition temperature (TCP) is not always straightforward. In this thesis, we firstly completed previous studies available in the litterature on P(Am-co-AN) by synthesizing it in water using RAFT-controlled radical polymerization. We also developed a new familly of (co)polymers based on N-cyanomethylacrylamide (CMAm) and N-cyanoethylacrylamide (CEAm) exhibiting a UCST-type behavior in water covering a very large range of TCP (~20-85 °C). Moreover, we have shown that block copolymers composed of the former UCST type (co)polymers could be achieved with good polymerization control in water via the PISA-RAFT process using a poly(N,N- dimethylacrylamide) (PDMAc) macroRAFT agent. The process allowed us to obtain thermoresponsive nano-objects of different morpholgies. Remarkably, in the case of PDMAc-b-P(Am- co-AN), we have shown the existence of a partially reversible worms-to-spheres morphological transition induced by heating of the medium. In the case of PDMAc-b-PCMAm diblock copolymers, we have shown that a large range of morphologies, namely spheres, worms and vesicles, was accessible
Manguian, Maggy. "Synthèses de copolymères amphiphiles cationiques par polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée : études de quelques propriétés en milieu aqueux." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066439.
Full textAngot, Stéphanie. "Polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par transfert d'atome : synthèse et caractérisation de (co)polymères en étoile et dendritiques." Bordeaux 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR10589.
Full textDupayage, Ludovic. "Élaboration contrôlée de glycopolymères amphiphiles à partir de polysaccharide : synthèse de Dextrane-g-PMMA par polymérisation radicalaire par transfert d'atome." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL011N/document.
Full textSynthesis of the new comb-like amphiphilic glycopolymer dextran-g-poly(methyl methacrylate) was obtained thanks to an Atom Transfert Radical Polymerization (ATRP). In order to control the macromolecular parameters of these biocompatible and partly biodegradable glycopolymers, the “grafting from” strategy was applied using two different multi-step pathways. The first one is composed of four steps: partial acetylation of dextran hydroxyl groups; introduction of initiator groups convenient for ATRP; ATRP of methyl methacrylate in dimethylsulfoxide; acetyl group deprotection under mild conditions. The second pathway allows us to obtain such glycopolymers in only two steps: direct introduction of the same initiator groups onto the dextran chain and subsequent ATRP of methyl methacrylate in dimethylsulfoxide. Throughout the synthesis, detailed studies of each step enabled us to estimate the length of the dextran backbone and to assure the control of copolymer architecture in terms of graft number and graft length. Preliminary interfacial tension measurements highlighted the surfactant properties of such glycopolymers
Ho, The Hien. "Synthèse de copolymères thermosensibles par polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée RAFT : caractérisation et étude de leur interaction avec des protéines." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00752921.
Full textGodoy, Lopez Ricardo. "Synthèse de polyéthylènes fonctionnels : application à l'élaboration de copolymères à blocs par des techniques de polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10036.
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