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Academic literature on the topic 'Polymérisation organométallique'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Polymérisation organométallique"
Susperregui, Nicolas. "Étude théorique de la polymérisation d'esters par voie organométallique et organique." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1006/.
Full textThis thesis concerns the initiation step of the polymerization reaction for various esters (e-caprolactone, lactide, methyl-methacrylate). The studies mainly carried out the use of lanthanide or d-block metal based organometallic catalysts (borohydrides). A part was also devoted to organic initiators: sulfonic and phosphoric acids. This work was realized thanks to calculations based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) that allowed to establish reactional pathways (calculations of Free Gibbs Energies G, geometry optimizations, calculations of electronic density) and so to determine reactional mechanisms. This theoretical approach was lead in narrow collaboration with experiments which validated the used models
Rosal, Iker Del. "Modélisation de nanoparticules produites par voie organométallique et de catalyseurs greffés : structure, spectroscopie, réactivité." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1272/.
Full textThe work presented in this PhD manuscript concerns the study of surface chemistry and it is based on two questions asked by different experimental research groups. These questions cover different areas of surface chemistry, their answer would lead to a better understand the interactions occurring on these surfaces. This work is divided into two parts, each of which are based on the following issues: In which positions are the hydrogen atoms coordinated on the surface of ruthenium nanoparticles and which effect have the ligands on these atoms? It is of great interest in materials science to be able to control the size, shape and composition of nanoparticles (NPs) during their synthesis process. Their physico-chemical properties, comprised between those exhibited by small molecular compounds and the bulk, are one of the best advantages of these NPs. The NPs have an extremely rich surface chemistry, relatively little studied, that may influence both their chemical and physical properties. In this study, we are particularly interested in hydrogen atoms that play a key role in both the size and the shape of the NPs. However, their coordination mode remains unknown. To answer this first question, the NPs were modeled by two limit systems : small clusters and periodic surfaces. The study of these two systems allowed us, through a theory / experiments comparison of several spectroscopic data such as proton, deuterium NMR and infrared data to determine the most likely coordination mode of these hydrogen atoms and the effect of ligands on them. How organometallic catalysts are they grafted on a silica surface during catalytic supported reactions and which is the impact of the grafting mode on their reactivity ? The importance of catalysis both from an economic perspective (industrial) and environmental perspectives, requires the use of more efficient catalysts. One approach to achieve this goal is to have a better distribution and definition of active sites involved in heterogeneous catalysis process. One possibility to achieve this control is the use of supported catalysis. However, a prerequisite for this type of catalysis includes precise knowledge of the different types of interactions existing between the catalyst and its support. However, in the case of a lanthanide catalyst grafted on silica surface, the grafting mode remains unknown. As in the previous study, there are two methods to address this problem: either by a periodic approach, either by a molecular approach. Several different considerations led us to choose a molecular approach to conduct this study. For that purpose, we have created a molecular model that represents as accurately as possible the silica surface. The grafting reaction was then studied on this model, giving rise to different grafting modes, which are in accordance with the experimental data. Finally, a comparison between different catalytic reactions taking place with a metallocene lanthanide complex and the grafted catalyst above described has also been undertaken. Throught this investigation we could compare the reactivity of these two systems and determine the role of surface on the catalyst reactivity
Hild, Frédéric. "Synthèse de polyesters et polycarbonates : polymérisation en milieu homogène en vue d'une utilisation en milieu hétérogène permettant le recyclage de l'initiateur de polymérisation." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00832499.
Full textJezequel, Michelle. "Préparation de catalyseurs métallocènes supportés par la voie chimie organométallique de surface : application à la polymérisation de l'éthylène." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10230.
Full textDelgado, Marco. "Complexes d'hafnium supportés sur γ-alumine : synthèse, caractérisation et application en polymérisation des oléfines." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10025.
Full textNew well-defined hafnium alkyl and hydrid complexes supported on γ-alumina dehydroxylatedt at 500°C, γ-Al2O3-(500°C), have been prepared. The structure of the surface complexes obtained by grafting Hf(CH2tBu)4, 1, on γ-alumina has been resolved by a combined experimental (mass balance analysis, labeling, in situ IR, NMR) and theoretical (DFT calculations) study. Thermolysis, oxidation and hydrogenolysis reactions have unambiguously proved the presence of two kinds of neopentyl-metal bonds: Hf-CH2tBu and Al-CH2tBu. Three coexisting surface complexes have been fully characterized and quantified: a monoaluminoxy- [(≡AlIVO)Hf(CH2tBu)3], a neutral bisaluminoxy [(≡AlIVO)(AlsO)Hf(CH2tBu)2], and a zwitterionic bisaluminoxy complex [(≡AlIVO) (AlsO)Hf(CH2tBu)2]+[(CH2tBu)Als]- in 40 %, 26 %, and 34 %, respectively. Hydrogenolysis reaction of these complexes leads to the formation at 150°C of [(AlsO)3HfH], (70-80%) and [(≡AlIVO)(AlsO)Hf(H)]+[(CH2tBu)Als]- (20-30%). All these hafnium alkyl and hydrides are active in α-olefin polymerization in absence of a co-catalyst
Popoff, Nicolas. "Préparation et caractérisation de complexes du groupe IV supportés sur silice et silice mono-fonctionnalisée : catalyseurs pour la polymérisation des oléfines." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10229.
Full textThis work deals with the preparation and characterization of new, neutral or cationic group IV complexes, supported on silica or mono-functionalized silica, for alpha-olefins polymerization. In a first part, a new preparation for an olefin polymerization catalyst based on TiCl4, was proposed. Grafting on silica dehydroxylated at 200 and 700°C (SiO2-200 and SiO2-700) yielded the unique species [≡SiO-TiCl3] which, upon activation by Mashima’s reductant, led to a neutral active polymerization catalyst, following an oxidative coupling mechanism, and reaching an activity of 260 kgPE.molTi -1.h-1. Similarly, neutral catalysts acting along the same mechanistic pathways, were developed by grafting M(CH2Ph)4 (M=Ti, Zr) to yield the well defined species [(≡SiO)2M(CH2Ph)2] and [≡SiO-M(CH2Ph)3] on SiO2- 200 and SiO2-700 respectively. The ensuing activation by B(C6F5)3 in order to yield cationic species, did not increase the activity considerably.In the second part of this work, a new material was prepared in order to introduce of a phenoxy spacer between the surface and the complex. Reaction of AliBu3 with SiO2-700 yielded the unique species [(≡SiO)2AliBu.(Et2O)] which was then reacted with hydroquinone. The tetrabenzyl Ti and Zr complexes were successfully grafted on this support. These species were then activated by B(C6F5)3 and a notable increase in the resulting polymerization activities were observed. This methodology was extended to 100\% enriched complexes (C5Me5)Zr(13CH3)3 following three approaches. Either direct grafting on this new material, followed by B(C6F5)3 activation, or by reaction with the support, previously altered by HB(C6F5)2 or [B(C6F5)3][NEt2Ph]. Either way, the active cationic active species obtained presents a covalent Zr-O bond with the surface, with the associated counter-ion [MeB(C6F5)3]- with a maximum activity of 510 kgPE.molZr-1.h-1, higher than its the silica counterpart
Bolley, Anaëlle. "Catalyse de la polymérisation pour l'obtention de polyesters à caractères hydrophile biodégradable." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAF015.
Full textCarbene adducts with Group 13 metal (aluminium, gallium and indium) and a new aluminium cation stabilized by alkyl groups, have allowed the ROP of lactide under mild and simple conditions. In a second step, amphiphilic copolymers were synthesized with poly(ethylene glycol) leading to the desired PEG-co-PLLA. Organometallic complexes have still put forward their advantages by the use of aluminium’s salen allowing to open the way on the ROP of the α-chloro-ε-caprolactone leading to the poly(α-chloro-ε-caprolactone). The formation of new copolymers, diblocks and stereocomplex has afforded to modulate the obtained homopolymer’s properties, confirmed by the use of the various physicochemical measurements effected on the latter. Finally, the partial post-functionalization according to the Williamson reaction followed by the hydrogenation reaction has led to the obtaining of hydrophilic polymers
Jaroschik, Florian. "Synthèse de complexes organophosphorés de lanthanides divalents et trivalents et leur application en catalyse." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003025.
Full textLiu, Shaofeng. "Synthesis of transition metal complexes and their application for ethylene oligomerization and polymerization." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6062.
Full textCatalytic ethylene oligomerization leading to linear α-olefins (C4-C20) has become of considerable interest in both academia and industry owing to their growing demand as comonomers, lubricants, surfactants, etc. We thus became particularly interested in the coordination chemistry and catalytic behavior of metal complexes bearing heterotopic ligands as potential catalysts for this reaction. Using the bis(2-picolyl)phenylphosphine (NPN) ligand, neutral and cationic mononuclear Pd(II) complexes have been prepared and fully characterized as well as the dinuclear complex [Pd2Cl2(μ-NPN)2](PF6)2. The products from the reaction of [CrCl3(NPN)] with various typical cocatalysts illustrated the different functions of the latter. With TlPF6, it unexpectedly led to a novel adduct [CrCl3(NPN)TlPF6] exhibiting unusual interactions involving the Tl+ cation of possible relevance to catalyst activation steps. Some Ti(IV) complexes bearing benzimidazolyl-based amidate ligands displayed after activation with MAO high catalytic activities and good stability for prolonged reaction times and elevated reaction temperature, and other exhibited good to high catalytic activities towards ethylene polymerization and ethylene/α-olefin copolymerization in the presence of MAO. This work on new Pd(II), Cr(III) and Ti(IV) complexes has provided a useful insight into catalytic systems for ethylene oligomerization or polymerization
Morales, Cerrada Roberto. "Complexes de manganèse pentacarbonyle alkyle et fluoroalkyle comme modèles d'espèces dormantes de l'OMRP." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0136/document.
Full textFluoropolymers are materials characterized by remarkable properties and are involved in many applications. However, although controlled radical polymerization (CRP or RDRP) has been extraordinarily developed since the mid90s, synthesizing welldefined polymers of certain fluorinated monomers still remains a crucial challenge. This is the case of vinylidene fluoride (VDF), H2C=CF2, which under radical polymerization can undergo normal additions (head to tail) or reverse additions (head to head and tail to tail). These chain defects cause the formation of less reactive dormant species during a CRP. This favors an accumulation of less reactive dormant chains and leads to a loss of the control as well as to an increase of the dispersity. Recent studies have concluded that the use of organometallic complexes can minimize this problem by equilibrating the energies needed to reactivate both types of dormant chains. On the other hand, theoretical calculations have shown that alkyl and fluoroalkyl manganese pentacarbonyl complexes, [Mn(CO)5R] and [Mn(CO)5RF] respectively, are able to lead to normal and inverse dormant species with a similar activation energy. This could afford some degree of controlled polymerization. In this study, several manganese complexes ([Mn(CO)5R] and [Mn(CO)5RF], where R = CH(CH3)(COOCH3), CH(CH3)(OCOCH3) and CH(CH3)(C6H5); RF = CF3, CHF2, CH2CF3 and CF2CH3) have been synthesized and fully characterized. They were then used as original initiators for the polymerization of various monomers and as chainend models in CRP mediated by organometallic complexes (OMRP). Experimental measurements of the dissociation enthalpy of the MnC bond were carried out by kinetic methods. In addition, a deeper study of the formation of certain byproducts during the thermal decomposition of the fluoroalkylpentacarbonylmanganese(I) complexes in the presence of tris (trimethylsilyl)silane as a radical trap was carried out and supported by theoretical calculations. These complexes were also tested in the polymerization of VDF and of other nonfluorinated monomers
Book chapters on the topic "Polymérisation organométallique"
"Chapitre 6 - Réactions d'insertion et d'extrusion. Application à la polymérisation des oléfines." In Chimie organométallique et catalyse, 141–54. EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-1106-9-010.
Full text"Chapitre 6 - Réactions d'insertion et d'extrusion. Application à la polymérisation des oléfines." In Chimie organométallique et catalyse, 141–54. EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-1106-9.c010.
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