Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Polymérisation organométallique'
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Susperregui, Nicolas. "Étude théorique de la polymérisation d'esters par voie organométallique et organique." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1006/.
Full textThis thesis concerns the initiation step of the polymerization reaction for various esters (e-caprolactone, lactide, methyl-methacrylate). The studies mainly carried out the use of lanthanide or d-block metal based organometallic catalysts (borohydrides). A part was also devoted to organic initiators: sulfonic and phosphoric acids. This work was realized thanks to calculations based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) that allowed to establish reactional pathways (calculations of Free Gibbs Energies G, geometry optimizations, calculations of electronic density) and so to determine reactional mechanisms. This theoretical approach was lead in narrow collaboration with experiments which validated the used models
Rosal, Iker Del. "Modélisation de nanoparticules produites par voie organométallique et de catalyseurs greffés : structure, spectroscopie, réactivité." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1272/.
Full textThe work presented in this PhD manuscript concerns the study of surface chemistry and it is based on two questions asked by different experimental research groups. These questions cover different areas of surface chemistry, their answer would lead to a better understand the interactions occurring on these surfaces. This work is divided into two parts, each of which are based on the following issues: In which positions are the hydrogen atoms coordinated on the surface of ruthenium nanoparticles and which effect have the ligands on these atoms? It is of great interest in materials science to be able to control the size, shape and composition of nanoparticles (NPs) during their synthesis process. Their physico-chemical properties, comprised between those exhibited by small molecular compounds and the bulk, are one of the best advantages of these NPs. The NPs have an extremely rich surface chemistry, relatively little studied, that may influence both their chemical and physical properties. In this study, we are particularly interested in hydrogen atoms that play a key role in both the size and the shape of the NPs. However, their coordination mode remains unknown. To answer this first question, the NPs were modeled by two limit systems : small clusters and periodic surfaces. The study of these two systems allowed us, through a theory / experiments comparison of several spectroscopic data such as proton, deuterium NMR and infrared data to determine the most likely coordination mode of these hydrogen atoms and the effect of ligands on them. How organometallic catalysts are they grafted on a silica surface during catalytic supported reactions and which is the impact of the grafting mode on their reactivity ? The importance of catalysis both from an economic perspective (industrial) and environmental perspectives, requires the use of more efficient catalysts. One approach to achieve this goal is to have a better distribution and definition of active sites involved in heterogeneous catalysis process. One possibility to achieve this control is the use of supported catalysis. However, a prerequisite for this type of catalysis includes precise knowledge of the different types of interactions existing between the catalyst and its support. However, in the case of a lanthanide catalyst grafted on silica surface, the grafting mode remains unknown. As in the previous study, there are two methods to address this problem: either by a periodic approach, either by a molecular approach. Several different considerations led us to choose a molecular approach to conduct this study. For that purpose, we have created a molecular model that represents as accurately as possible the silica surface. The grafting reaction was then studied on this model, giving rise to different grafting modes, which are in accordance with the experimental data. Finally, a comparison between different catalytic reactions taking place with a metallocene lanthanide complex and the grafted catalyst above described has also been undertaken. Throught this investigation we could compare the reactivity of these two systems and determine the role of surface on the catalyst reactivity
Hild, Frédéric. "Synthèse de polyesters et polycarbonates : polymérisation en milieu homogène en vue d'une utilisation en milieu hétérogène permettant le recyclage de l'initiateur de polymérisation." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00832499.
Full textJezequel, Michelle. "Préparation de catalyseurs métallocènes supportés par la voie chimie organométallique de surface : application à la polymérisation de l'éthylène." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10230.
Full textDelgado, Marco. "Complexes d'hafnium supportés sur γ-alumine : synthèse, caractérisation et application en polymérisation des oléfines." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10025.
Full textNew well-defined hafnium alkyl and hydrid complexes supported on γ-alumina dehydroxylatedt at 500°C, γ-Al2O3-(500°C), have been prepared. The structure of the surface complexes obtained by grafting Hf(CH2tBu)4, 1, on γ-alumina has been resolved by a combined experimental (mass balance analysis, labeling, in situ IR, NMR) and theoretical (DFT calculations) study. Thermolysis, oxidation and hydrogenolysis reactions have unambiguously proved the presence of two kinds of neopentyl-metal bonds: Hf-CH2tBu and Al-CH2tBu. Three coexisting surface complexes have been fully characterized and quantified: a monoaluminoxy- [(≡AlIVO)Hf(CH2tBu)3], a neutral bisaluminoxy [(≡AlIVO)(AlsO)Hf(CH2tBu)2], and a zwitterionic bisaluminoxy complex [(≡AlIVO) (AlsO)Hf(CH2tBu)2]+[(CH2tBu)Als]- in 40 %, 26 %, and 34 %, respectively. Hydrogenolysis reaction of these complexes leads to the formation at 150°C of [(AlsO)3HfH], (70-80%) and [(≡AlIVO)(AlsO)Hf(H)]+[(CH2tBu)Als]- (20-30%). All these hafnium alkyl and hydrides are active in α-olefin polymerization in absence of a co-catalyst
Popoff, Nicolas. "Préparation et caractérisation de complexes du groupe IV supportés sur silice et silice mono-fonctionnalisée : catalyseurs pour la polymérisation des oléfines." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10229.
Full textThis work deals with the preparation and characterization of new, neutral or cationic group IV complexes, supported on silica or mono-functionalized silica, for alpha-olefins polymerization. In a first part, a new preparation for an olefin polymerization catalyst based on TiCl4, was proposed. Grafting on silica dehydroxylated at 200 and 700°C (SiO2-200 and SiO2-700) yielded the unique species [≡SiO-TiCl3] which, upon activation by Mashima’s reductant, led to a neutral active polymerization catalyst, following an oxidative coupling mechanism, and reaching an activity of 260 kgPE.molTi -1.h-1. Similarly, neutral catalysts acting along the same mechanistic pathways, were developed by grafting M(CH2Ph)4 (M=Ti, Zr) to yield the well defined species [(≡SiO)2M(CH2Ph)2] and [≡SiO-M(CH2Ph)3] on SiO2- 200 and SiO2-700 respectively. The ensuing activation by B(C6F5)3 in order to yield cationic species, did not increase the activity considerably.In the second part of this work, a new material was prepared in order to introduce of a phenoxy spacer between the surface and the complex. Reaction of AliBu3 with SiO2-700 yielded the unique species [(≡SiO)2AliBu.(Et2O)] which was then reacted with hydroquinone. The tetrabenzyl Ti and Zr complexes were successfully grafted on this support. These species were then activated by B(C6F5)3 and a notable increase in the resulting polymerization activities were observed. This methodology was extended to 100\% enriched complexes (C5Me5)Zr(13CH3)3 following three approaches. Either direct grafting on this new material, followed by B(C6F5)3 activation, or by reaction with the support, previously altered by HB(C6F5)2 or [B(C6F5)3][NEt2Ph]. Either way, the active cationic active species obtained presents a covalent Zr-O bond with the surface, with the associated counter-ion [MeB(C6F5)3]- with a maximum activity of 510 kgPE.molZr-1.h-1, higher than its the silica counterpart
Bolley, Anaëlle. "Catalyse de la polymérisation pour l'obtention de polyesters à caractères hydrophile biodégradable." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAF015.
Full textCarbene adducts with Group 13 metal (aluminium, gallium and indium) and a new aluminium cation stabilized by alkyl groups, have allowed the ROP of lactide under mild and simple conditions. In a second step, amphiphilic copolymers were synthesized with poly(ethylene glycol) leading to the desired PEG-co-PLLA. Organometallic complexes have still put forward their advantages by the use of aluminium’s salen allowing to open the way on the ROP of the α-chloro-ε-caprolactone leading to the poly(α-chloro-ε-caprolactone). The formation of new copolymers, diblocks and stereocomplex has afforded to modulate the obtained homopolymer’s properties, confirmed by the use of the various physicochemical measurements effected on the latter. Finally, the partial post-functionalization according to the Williamson reaction followed by the hydrogenation reaction has led to the obtaining of hydrophilic polymers
Jaroschik, Florian. "Synthèse de complexes organophosphorés de lanthanides divalents et trivalents et leur application en catalyse." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003025.
Full textLiu, Shaofeng. "Synthesis of transition metal complexes and their application for ethylene oligomerization and polymerization." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6062.
Full textCatalytic ethylene oligomerization leading to linear α-olefins (C4-C20) has become of considerable interest in both academia and industry owing to their growing demand as comonomers, lubricants, surfactants, etc. We thus became particularly interested in the coordination chemistry and catalytic behavior of metal complexes bearing heterotopic ligands as potential catalysts for this reaction. Using the bis(2-picolyl)phenylphosphine (NPN) ligand, neutral and cationic mononuclear Pd(II) complexes have been prepared and fully characterized as well as the dinuclear complex [Pd2Cl2(μ-NPN)2](PF6)2. The products from the reaction of [CrCl3(NPN)] with various typical cocatalysts illustrated the different functions of the latter. With TlPF6, it unexpectedly led to a novel adduct [CrCl3(NPN)TlPF6] exhibiting unusual interactions involving the Tl+ cation of possible relevance to catalyst activation steps. Some Ti(IV) complexes bearing benzimidazolyl-based amidate ligands displayed after activation with MAO high catalytic activities and good stability for prolonged reaction times and elevated reaction temperature, and other exhibited good to high catalytic activities towards ethylene polymerization and ethylene/α-olefin copolymerization in the presence of MAO. This work on new Pd(II), Cr(III) and Ti(IV) complexes has provided a useful insight into catalytic systems for ethylene oligomerization or polymerization
Morales, Cerrada Roberto. "Complexes de manganèse pentacarbonyle alkyle et fluoroalkyle comme modèles d'espèces dormantes de l'OMRP." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0136/document.
Full textFluoropolymers are materials characterized by remarkable properties and are involved in many applications. However, although controlled radical polymerization (CRP or RDRP) has been extraordinarily developed since the mid90s, synthesizing welldefined polymers of certain fluorinated monomers still remains a crucial challenge. This is the case of vinylidene fluoride (VDF), H2C=CF2, which under radical polymerization can undergo normal additions (head to tail) or reverse additions (head to head and tail to tail). These chain defects cause the formation of less reactive dormant species during a CRP. This favors an accumulation of less reactive dormant chains and leads to a loss of the control as well as to an increase of the dispersity. Recent studies have concluded that the use of organometallic complexes can minimize this problem by equilibrating the energies needed to reactivate both types of dormant chains. On the other hand, theoretical calculations have shown that alkyl and fluoroalkyl manganese pentacarbonyl complexes, [Mn(CO)5R] and [Mn(CO)5RF] respectively, are able to lead to normal and inverse dormant species with a similar activation energy. This could afford some degree of controlled polymerization. In this study, several manganese complexes ([Mn(CO)5R] and [Mn(CO)5RF], where R = CH(CH3)(COOCH3), CH(CH3)(OCOCH3) and CH(CH3)(C6H5); RF = CF3, CHF2, CH2CF3 and CF2CH3) have been synthesized and fully characterized. They were then used as original initiators for the polymerization of various monomers and as chainend models in CRP mediated by organometallic complexes (OMRP). Experimental measurements of the dissociation enthalpy of the MnC bond were carried out by kinetic methods. In addition, a deeper study of the formation of certain byproducts during the thermal decomposition of the fluoroalkylpentacarbonylmanganese(I) complexes in the presence of tris (trimethylsilyl)silane as a radical trap was carried out and supported by theoretical calculations. These complexes were also tested in the polymerization of VDF and of other nonfluorinated monomers
Morin, Yohann. "Aluminum organometallic chemistry related to ring opening metathesis polymerization of dicyclopentadiene : understanding, improvement and development of industrially-relevant systems." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10033.
Full textPolydicylopentadiene is a material featuring remarkable usage properties. It is obtained by ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of dicyclopentadiene. Industrial processes rely on the reactive injection molding of two monomer solutions: the first one contains a source of group 6 metal (Mo, W), and the second one, a mixture of chloroalkylaluminum, alcohol and various additives. Their combination generates in situ active species that perform metathesis. In the present work, we focused on the aluminum-based formulation. We have first studied the aluminum organometallic chemistry that is directly connected to the industrial formulations, which allowed us to understand and rationalize the observations made on these systems. Then, from this point on, we developed new aluminic formulations for polydicyclopentadiene preparation under industrially relevant conditions, working along two directions: modification avec the alcohol component, and modification of the chloroalkyl aluminum species. Some mechanical properties of the thus obtained materials proved to be better than those resulting from classical processes. Furthermore, the input from organometallic chemistry was critical to the understanding of the relationships between preparation modes and performances of the catalytic systems.From this study, we propose a new industrial solution for the production of polydicyclopentadiene by reactive injection molding
Prades, Floran. "Nouvel activateur solide de catalyseurs organométalliques pour la polymérisation des oléfines." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10002.
Full textThe aim of this work is the synthesis and use of a new solid activator for organometallic olefin polymerization catalysts. Single-site catalysts are breakthroughs in terms of activity and tailor-made structures that cannot be made by using conventional Ziegler-Natta catalysts. However, such products are not fully exploited on an industrial scale. In order for their full potential to be realized, metallocene and post-metallocene complexes must be heterogenised in order to use them in commercial, environmentally friendly processes such as bulk-monomer or gas-phase processes – already used for Phillips and Ziegler-Natta polymerization. The way chosen to synthesize the solid activator is not to heterogenise a soluble activator on a carrier, but rather to transform a carrier into an activator for these complexes. This activator has been tested in polymerization with metallocenes and other single-site catalysts. The polymerization activities are either equal to, or higher than activities found for equivalent solution polymerizations using the same catalysts. The polymers keep their properties and have a regular, spherical morphology
Le, Grognec Erwan. "Développements de complexes organométalliques de Mo(III) et leur utilisation en polymérisation." Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOS062.
Full textOlonde, Xavier. "Polymérisation des oléfines terminales catalysée par des complexes organométalliques à base de lanthanides." Lille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL10156.
Full textMarrot, Sébastien. "Carbènes N-Hétérocycliques : Des catalyseurs en chimie des silicones. Carbodiphosphoranes cycliques : Synthèse, coordination et réactivité." Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30037.
Full textIn a first chapter, we are interested in the use of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes like nucleophilic organic catalysts for ring opening polymerization of octamethylcyclosiloxane and for reactions of polycondensation. In a second chapter, we carry out a bibliographical review on compounds presenting two cumulated ylides functions : carbodiphosphoranes. In a third chapter, we present the synthesis and the coordination of new cyclic carbodiphosphoranes. They are recognized to be strong s-donor ligands for transition metals. In a fourth chapter, we study the thermolysis of one of these compounds which leads by rearrangement to the formation of a 1,2l5-azaphosphète. A theoretical study highlights an inter-conversion between carbodiphosphoranes and disphosphinocarbenes
Morin, Aurélie. "Controlled radical polymerization of vinyl esters and vinyl amides : experimental and theoretical studies." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013INPT0117/document.
Full textThis thesis focus on Controlled Radical Polymerization (CRP) of vinyl esters and vinyl amides. One of the possibilities to achieve this control is a dynamic reversible trapping of the growing radical chains (P•) by a controlling agent (T) to form a dormant species (P─T’). The radical concentration in the medium can be dramatically reduced so that the unwanted terminations are disfavored and polymers with controlled molecular weights and low dispersity can be obtained. A way to achieve this control is the use of metallic complexes, which can oxidize and form a metal-carbon bond, as trapping agent in the so-called Organometallic Mediated Radical Polymerization (OMRP). So far, different transition metals have been used with gretaer or smaller success. In this study, the synthesis of copper(I) complexes and their investigation for the vinyl acetate and ethylene polymerization under OMRP conditions were performed. We also used computational chemistry as a tool to better understand why the cobalt(II) acetylacetonate (Co(acac)2) has, so far, given the best results for either vinyl acetate or vinyl amides polymerization. Thanks to Density Functional Theory (DFT), the crucial role of the monomer carbonyl group coordination to cobalt was pointed out
Desbois, Marie-Hélène. "Réactions organométalliques catalysées par transfert d'électron et application à la polymérisation des alcynes terminaux." Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR10586.
Full textGautier, Estelle. "Polymérisation et oligomérisation d'oléfines catalysées par des complexes organométalliques de métaux du groupe IV." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2005/50376_2005_388.pdf.
Full textAlthough several millions tons of PE and PP are produced every year, polymerisation of higher olefins such as hex-1-ene or dec-1-ene is not as useful for the industry : one application is the synthesis of lubricants. We have studied different catalysts activated by MAO for the polymerisation of dec-1ene : two zirconocenes, a constrain geometry complex and a diamido complex (Ti and Zr). Catalytic results lead us to study the transfer reaction to aluminium which can occur with the addedtriethylaluminium; this provides the opportunity to further functionalize the polymeric chain for the synthesis of telechelic polymers. The diamido titanium complex has been used for other catalytic reactions such as copolymerisation of hexene with MMA. Attempts at transfer reactions using hydrosilanes have led to a dehydrogenation of the silane rather than the expected functionnalization
Alaaeddine, Ali. "Complexes organométalliques des groupes 3 et 13 : applications en chimie fine et catalyse de polymérisation." Rennes 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN1S014.
Full textFor the first time, we have studied the organometallic outcome of the catalyst systems generated in situ from an aluminum precursor AlX₃ and a diprotio {Salen}H₂ pro-ligand. The different species that result from these binary combinations have been isolated, characterized and individually evaluated in the asymmetric cyanosilylation of acetophenone. It is shown that, in some cases, those discrete catalysts display dramatically different performances than the binary systems which are assumed to generate them. The influence of the achiral ligand on both the enantioselectivity and activity of the reaction has been investigated, resulting in the definition of a highly active hexafluoro-2-propoxide-based catalyst. For the second time, the family of bis[bis(oxazolinato)]lanthanide complexes have been synthesized. These complexes show a high activity and productivity for the rac-lactide polymerization. However, such complexes based on well-known chiral Box ligands appear unable to control the microstructure of the polymer: only atactic PLAs. New families of diimines-dialcooxy fluorinated aluminium and yttrium complexes have been synthesized. These complexes were caracterized by NMR-spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis and it was shown that they are the familiar structure Salen-complexes. Alumnium complexes show high control and selectivity for production of isotactic PLA (80%)
Stoffelbach, François. "Etudes de processus de polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par des complexes de molybdène." Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOS030.
Full textOrganometallic and coordination complexes of molybdenum (Mo) have been studied in controlled radical polymerisation. A new tunable family of CpMoX2L2 complexes (L2 = R2-diazadiene; X = Cl, I) active in ATRP has been introduced. The ATRP method with organometallic Mo complexes has been extended successfully to acrylate monomers and to a PMA-b-PS block copolymer. A reasonable hypothesis for the role of Al(OiPr)3 on the ATRP rate has been formulated. A relationship between electronic structure and Al(OiPr)3 catalysis for the halogen exchange between ATRP catalyst and initiator has been dicovered. New and simpler syntheses of the commonly used MoCl4(Et2O)2 and MoCl3(THF)3 starting materials have been optimized. Simple (non organometallic) coordination compouds of Mo(III) are effective for the ATRP of styrene. New organometallic compounds of Mo(II) containing a diazadiene ligand have been synthesized; complex CpMo(CO)2(iPr2-dad)+,I- is capable of controlling the radical polymerisation of methyl acrylate
Brignou, Pierre. "ROP duale : un concept innovant pour la polymérisation de carbonates biosourcés à partir de complexes métalliques originaux." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S165.
Full textIn light of the depletion of fossil feedstocks and to help address the global environment concerns, increasing attention should nowadays be paid to polymeric materials such as polyesters synthesized from monomers derived from readily renewable natural resources (biomass) within green and sustainable chemistry. Synthetic polyesters/polycarbonates are versatile polymers exhibiting good thermo-mechanical and physical properties, which make them leading candidates for, in particular, biomedical applications (e. G. , tissue repair and regeneration, controlled and sustained drug or gene delivery vehicles) but also as recyclable substitutes to plastic commodities (e. G. , packaging, films,…). We have thus designed and synthetized a new class of methylated seven-membered cyclic carbonates derived from the biomass. The ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of these monomers was studied using various organic and metal-organic catalytic systems. The regioselectivity of the {BDI}ZnN(SiMe3)2/BnOH catalytic system has been demonstrated in relation to the position of the substituent on the carbonate. Original metallic systems have been developed for the ROP of cyclic esters and applied to a new concept of dual organic/organometallic ROP concept. Both neutral and cationic diaminophenolates zinc and magnesium complexes were shown to be effective in ROP of lactide (LA) and trimethylene carbonate (TMC). Their successful use in the dual organic/organometallic ROP process has validated this new approach that can be extended to other cyclic esters/carbonates
Bouyahyi, Miloud. "Nouveaux complexes organométalliques à base de métaux des groupes 3 et 13 pour la polymérisation d'esters cycliques." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S080.
Full textAmong various families of biodegradable polymers, aliphatic polyesters have a leading position since hydrolytic and/or enzymatic chain cleavage yields hydroxy-carboxylic acids, which in most cases are ultimately metabolized. Aliphatic polyesters are receiving increasing attention for their use in a wide variety of surgical and pharmaceutical applications as well as in disposable packaging. Typical examples of synthetic, biodegradable polymers are polylactide (PLA), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and poly('-caprolactone) (PCL). Although these polyesters can be prepared by different approaches, the most convenient and efficient method to obtain well suited polyesters is the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of the corresponding lactones. These researches aim to investigate new single site group 3 and 13 metal complexes for the ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactide (rac-LA), '-caprolactone and rac-'-butyrolactone (rac-BBL). Some of these original complexes have shown high activity and productivity for the controlled isotactic or heterotactic living polymerization of rac-LA and for the syndiotactic living polymerization of rac-BBL. The synthesis, structural features and catalytic performances of these complexes (amino-alkoxy-bis(phenolate) yttrium and aluminum complexes of fluorinated dialkoxy-diimino salen-like ligands) is detailed
Gobley, Olivier. "Synthèse, caractérisation et utilisation en catalyse de complexes organométalliques de l'anion isodicylopentadiényle." Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOS044.
Full textAbessolo, Huguette-Valérie. "Synthèse, activité antipaludique et mécanisme d'action d'analogues métallocéniques de la chloroquine." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-432.pdf.
Full textPerrin, Lionel. "Etude théorique de la structure et de la réactivité des complexes organométalliques de lanthanides : Activation de liaisons inertes et polymérisation." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20115.
Full textMaudoux, Nicolas. "Catalyseurs phénolates et alcoolates de métaux trivalents pour la polymérisation stéréosélective du lactide." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S139/document.
Full textPoly(lactic acid) (PLA) is one of the most promising bio-resourced and biodegradable polymers and may constitute a viable alternative to petroleum-based materials. Its physical properties can be tuned by an accurate control of his microstructure. In this context, this manuscript relates the design of original complexes of trivalent metals and their further use for the stereoselective ring-opening polymerisation (ROP) of racemic lactide (rac-LA). Hence, (i) the chiral M-Salen complexes (M = Al, Ga, In, Salen = (1,2-diphenyl-ethane)bis(phenoxyimine)) have confirmed the isoselectivity exhibited by aluminium precatalysts for the ROP of rac-LA (Pm = 0.90) but also their limited activity. The gallium and indium congeners were prepared to enhance the catalytic activity, but resulted on substantial loss of stereoselectivity. The ROP and stereocontrol mechanisms were both investigated by kinetic monitoring and by microstructural analysis of the polymer; (ii) novel Salan ligands rigidified by a hydropyrimidine core ((hydropyrimidine)bis(methylene))-diphenol) have led to unexpected intramolecular Csp3–H activation with gallium and indium, affording unusual zwitterionic complexes. NMR and GC studies as DFT computations have been implemented to understand the mechanism for this process; (iii) a hetero-bimetallic yttrium/lithium precatalysts based on a chiral binaphthylamine backbone has led to highly heterotactic PLA (Pr = 0.99); (iv) finally, new chiral ligands should afford complexes of divalent metals (Zn, SnII…) that should yield access to stereoselective catalytic systems featuring increased activity
Casalta-Didier, Magali. "Synthèse de dérivés du titanocène à base de motifs hétérocycliques aromatiques : leur utilisation comme précurseurs de couches polymères électroactives." Dijon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DIJOS042.
Full textGoux, Jérôme. "Combinaisons "early-late" : synthèse, tests catalytiques et extension vers une immobilisation par voie électrochimique." Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOS038.
Full textCroix, Cécile. "Synthèse de nouveaux dérivés styréniques organométalliques contenant de l'indium ou de l'or : étude de leur comportement en polymérisation pour les cibles lasers." Tours, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOUR4009.
Full textIn this work, we focused on the synthesis of styrenic organometallic derivatives containing indium or gold and the study of their polymerisation. The aim was to elaborate doped foams with these monomers. Firstly, classical organometallic synthesis of tri(vinylphenyl)indium(III) was performed. These derivatives are air and moisture sensitive but they remain stable in solution. The polymerisation of tri(p-vinylphenyl)indium(III) in radical polymerisation with styrene was shown. Consequently, indium doped foams could be elaborated by radical solution copolymerisation with divinylbenzene. Analysis of these foams showed an homogeneous doping. Secondly, a classical organometallic synthesis of stable organogold(I) complexes was perfomed and resulted in high yields. After the study of the polymerisation of these monomers with styrene, three types of gold doped foams were elaborated: polyHIPE, DVB and CHO foams obtained with an homogeneous doping
Bonnet, Fanny. "Synthèse de nouveaux complexes organométalliques de terres rares, Samarium et Néodyme, pour la polymérisation et la copolymérisation des diènes avec des oléfines et des monomères polaires." Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOS026.
Full textWith an ansa samarocene complex it was possible to synthesis copolymers of dienes with a-olefines of various lengths. We studied the influence of the chain length of the olefin inserted on the physical-chemical properties. Functional copolymers were also obatined by the use of a,w-dienes as comonomers (octa-1,7-diene, hexa-1,5-diene), and by the insertion of only one double bond in the polydiene chain. With the same complex we were able to elaborate block copolymers of dienes with polar monomers (e-caprolactone, methyl methacrylate), and we have shown that these copolymers were efficient compatibilisers in polar and non polar polymer blends. A new family of rare earth hemimetallocene complexes was then developped. Samarium and Neodymium complexes were synthesised by the use of chloride and borohydride precursors, with a cyclopentadienyl ligand close to the permethylcyclopentadienyl one (Cp*'), with the general formula Cp*'Ln X2 (THF)n, X=BH4, Cl. By substitution of one X ligand by a diiminate one (NN), we could isolate genuine heteroleptic complexes Cp*'Ln X (NN). These new complexes, in the presence of MgR2 as co-activator, are efficient catalysts for the polymerisation of dienes with a trans specificity up to 98. 9% in the case of the borohydride ones, this result gives some outlooks for the copolymerisation with olefins
Wolff, Fabien. "Complexes amine-bis(phenolate) du vanadium : application à la catalyse de polymérisation des α(alpha)-oléfines." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30146.
Full textTréguier, Bret. "Développement de nouveaux analogues structuraux de l’isocombrétastatine A-4 : conception, synthèse et évaluation biologique." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA114805.
Full textFor a tumor, the angiogenesis is a vital step for its development. The spread of the tumor is necessary characterized by an extension of the surrounding vasculature, in order to provide the nutriments and the oxygen required to the growth of the tumor. Resulting from the angiogenesis, the new tumorous blood vessels formed represent an excellent target to treat cancer by aiming specifically at the heart of the tumor. By means of vascular disrupting agents (VDA), it is possible to cut the tumor off the blood flow to trigger the necrosis within the tumor. Among the current VDA, the natural combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) is a strong compound that exhibits excellent antitumoral activities. An isomer of the CA-4, the isocombretastatin A-4 (isoCA-4), was developed inour laboratory to propose an alternative and a new family of VDA. The isoCA-4 is characterized by a 1,1-diarylethylene core, which we studied in this thesis, through 3 series of molecules related to this new structure inmedicinal chemistry. We also synthesized heterocyclic analogues of the isoCA-4, in order to explore the capacity of the isoCA-4 to serve as a basis for developing new antimitotic compounds
Deivasagayam, Dakshinamoorthy. "Titanium complexes based on aminodiol ligand for ring opening polymerization of cyclic esters." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14250/document.
Full textA series of titanium isopropoxides complexes coordinated by enantiopure, racemic, meso and diastereomeric aminodiol ligands have been prepared and characterized by spectroscopic techniques. The complexes were tested as initiators for the ring opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic esters such as L/rac-lactide, caprolactone, butyrolactone and trimethylene carbonate via coordination-insertion mechanism. In lactide polymerizations, all complexes showed significant activity both in solution at 70°C and in bulk at 130°C with a good control. The complex derived from rac-aminodiol ligand gave partially heterotactic polylactide in ROP of rac-lactide, whereas all other complexes yielded atactic polylactides. For caprolactone polymerizations, all complexes were found to be effective initiators under both solution and bulk conditions (up to 60% monomer conversion was reached within 10 min in bulk condition at 70°C), again with good control. Kinetic studies of ROP of lactides and caprolactone in solution conditions have been investigated and showed a first kinetic order in monomer. Significant activities were also observed for (ROP) of butyrolactone and trimethylene carbonate. Block copolymers of caprolactone and lactides were successfully synthesized with these catalytic systems by sequential polymerization techniques. The complexes were also tested as initiators for the production of random copolymers containing caprolactone and lactides and a reverse order of reactivity was observed between lactide and caprolactone compared to homopolymerization
Voituriez, Arnaud. "Nouveaux ligands soufrés chiraux pour la catalyse asymétrique homogène : vers l'électrocatalyse asymétrique hétérogène." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112132.
Full textThe aim of this work is the synthesis of asymmetric conductor organic polymers, as metal chelates, for heterogeneous asymmetric electrocatalysis. Furthermore, the electrochemistry has to replace a co-reducer or a co-oxydant, which are often required in over-stoechiometric quantities in some catalytic reactions. We have prepared ten new chiral ligands, with dibenzothiophene (DBT) and benzothiophene-oxazoline structures. These new ligands were tested in the Tsuji-Trost reaction. The sulfur-monooxazoline (DBT-MOx and BT-MOx) ligands are efficient for this transformation, but the best results were obtained with a bisoxazoline, the DBT-BOx-iPr (90% yield and 77% ee). Some new monomers Thiophene-DBT-Thiophene were synthesized and polymerized by cyclic voltammetry, showing a good stability at the electrode surface. However, the catalytic homogeneous tests in the Nozaki-Hiyama (NH) reaction, the target reaction for the asymmetric electrocatalysis, with enantiopur dibenzothiophene type ligands, gave disappointing results. We have thus synthesized new asymmetric thiophene-salen ligands, which led to interesting results in the NH reaction (32% ee and 50% yield). The electropolymerization of the corresponding metal-complexes allowed the formation of stable conductors organics polymers. However, all attempts to perform electrochemically driven NH reaction failed. In parallel, and to realize the NH reaction by heterogeneous catalysis, we synthesized new polymers of calixsalen-type. We performed three successive tests, which constitute, to the best of our knowledge, the first asymmetric heterogeneous NH reaction, with catalytic quantities of chromium
Soussi, Mohamed Ali. "Isocombrétastatine A-4 : métabolisme, synthèse et propriétés antitumorales de nouveaux analogues azotés." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA114801.
Full textCombretastatin A-4 (CA-4) is a natural molecule that selectively disrupts tumor vasculature by binding to tubulin. Its phosphate prodrug is currently in clinical phase III and is indicated in the treatment of thyroid cancer and sarcomas in USA.In our laboratory, we have identified and synthesized a structural analogue of CA-4 named isocombretastatin A-4 (isoCA-4) that retains the biological activity of CA-4 and is devoid of isomerization problems that increased its stability.The aim of this thesis was first to study the isoCA-4 metabolism. Identification and synthesis of metabolites were successfully achieved in collaboration with an Italian team. Then, in a second part, we synthesized a novel series of analogues isoCA-4 having a N-methylamine or N-propylamine link between the A- and B-rings. Among these compounds, diarylamines 3-15 and 3-20 display in vitro biological activities comparable to those of isoCA-4. Iin a third party, we have replaced the A-ring of isoCA by an heterocyclic ring which was found in many bioactive molecules. Preliminary results including cytotoxicity and inhibition of tubulin polymerization are extremely promising
Siscan, Olga. "Single-chain technology using sequence-controlled precursors." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAF012/document.
Full textIn this thesis, new macromolecular systems for single-chain technology were designed and synthesized. In the first study, tracks containing precisely positioned functional groups for single-chain rotaxane-based molecular machines were successfully prepared. In the second study, folded macromolecular origami were investigated, and specifically single-chain complex topologies such as pseudocyclic (Q-shaped) and knotted (α-shaped) using positionable disulfide bridges and intramolecular metal-ligand self-associations. The placement of functional moieties and intramolecular bridges in polymer chains was possible due to the monomer sequence control, by relying on the kinetics of copolymerization of donor styrenic monomer with acceptor N-substituted maleimide monomers. Indeed, time-controlled monomer additions of N-substituted maleimides into growing polystyrene chains by means of controlled/living radical polymerization techniques proved to be a convenient, rapid and scalable strategy for sequence regulation
Rasolofonjatovo, Evelia. "Conception, synthèse et évaluation biologique d’ analogues contraints de l’isocombrétastatine a-4 à visée antitumorale." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA114852.
Full textMost tumor cells rely on an efficient vascular supply for their survival, making the tumor vasculature an attractive target for anti-cancer therapy. This thesis aimed at the design and synthesis of constrained analogues of isocombretastatin A-4(isoCA-4), an antivascular agent developed in the laboratory, which exerts excellent cytotoxicities against a large panel ofcancer cell lines, and strongly inhibits tubulin polymerization. Conformationally restricted analogues of isoCA-4,featuring 1-arylnaphthalene, 5-arylbenzoxepine or 4-arylchromene skeletons were designed by computational studies andprepared by novel synthetic strategies. Of all synthesized compounds, benzoxepine analogue 3-53 strongly inhibits tubulinpolymerization and shows excellent cytotoxicities against several human cancer cell lines
Riegel, Nadège. "Synthèse de complexes de métaux de transition à partir des phosphines borane : application en catalyse homogène supportée sur polypyrrole." Cergy-Pontoise, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CERG0023.
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