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Journal articles on the topic 'Polymerization force'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 22 February 2023

Last updated: 23 February 2023

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1

Dmitrieff, Serge, and François Nédélec. "Amplification of actin polymerization forces." Journal of Cell Biology 212, no. 7 (2016): 763–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201512019.

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The actin cytoskeleton drives many essential processes in vivo, using molecular motors and actin assembly as force generators. We discuss here the propagation of forces caused by actin polymerization, highlighting simple configurations where the force developed by the network can exceed the sum of the polymerization forces from all filaments.

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Yoo, I.-S., D. Kim, K. Kim, and S.-h. Park. "Change in the Shrinkage Forces of Composite Resins According to Controlled Deflection." Operative Dentistry 46, no. 5 (2021): 577–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/20-196-l.

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SUMMARY The aim of this study was to investigate how the polymerization shrinkage forces of composite resins change with change in deflection. Five composites, SDR (Dentsply Caulk, Milford, DE, USA), EcuSphere-Shape (DMG, Hamburg, Germany), Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), CLEARFIL AP-X (Kuraray Noritake Dental Inc., Sakazu, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan), and Filtek Z350 XT (3M Dental Products, St Paul, MN, USA), were tested in this experiment. The polymerization shrinkage forces of the composites were measured using a custom-made tooth-deflection-mimicking devi

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3

Rullo, Jacob, Henry Becker, Sharon J. Hyduk та ін. "Actin polymerization stabilizes α4β1 integrin anchors that mediate monocyte adhesion". Journal of Cell Biology 197, № 1 (2012): 115–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201107140.

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Leukocytes arrested on inflamed endothelium via integrins are subjected to force imparted by flowing blood. How leukocytes respond to this force and resist detachment is poorly understood. Live-cell imaging with Lifeact-transfected U937 cells revealed that force triggers actin polymerization at upstream α4β1 integrin adhesion sites and the adjacent cortical cytoskeleton. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that this culminates in the formation of structures that anchor monocyte adhesion. Inhibition of actin polymerization resulted in cell deformation, displacement, and detachment. Transfecti

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Kozlov, Michael M., and Alexander D. Bershadsky. "Processive capping by formin suggests a force-driven mechanism of actin polymerization." Journal of Cell Biology 167, no. 6 (2004): 1011–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200410017.

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Regulation of actin polymerization is essential for cell functioning. Here, we predict a novel phenomenon—the force-driven polymerization of actin filaments mediated by proteins of the formin family. Formins localize to the barbed ends of actin filaments, but, in contrast to the standard capping proteins, allow for actin polymerization in the barbed direction. First, we show that the mechanism of such “leaky capping” can be understood in terms of the elasticity of the formin molecules. Second, we demonstrate that if a pulling force acts on the filament end via the leaky cap, the elastic stress

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Chen, Xuesong, Kristin Pavlish, and Joseph N. Benoit. "Myosin phosphorylation triggers actin polymerization in vascular smooth muscle." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 295, no. 5 (2008): H2172—H2177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.91437.2007.

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A variety of contractile stimuli increases actin polymerization, which is essential for smooth muscle contraction. However, the mechanism(s) of actin polymerization associated with smooth muscle contraction is not fully understood. We tested the hypothesis that phosphorylated myosin triggers actin polymerization. The present study was conducted in isolated intact or β-escin-permeabilized rat small mesenteric arteries. Reductions in the 20-kDa myosin regulatory light chain (MLC20) phosphorylation were achieved by inhibiting MLC kinase with ML-7. Increases in MLC20 phosphorylation were achieved

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Herling, Therese W., Gonzalo A. Garcia, Thomas C. T. Michaels, et al. "Force generation by the growth of amyloid aggregates." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 31 (2015): 9524–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1417326112.

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The generation of mechanical forces are central to a wide range of vital biological processes, including the function of the cytoskeleton. Although the forces emerging from the polymerization of native proteins have been studied in detail, the potential for force generation by aberrant protein polymerization has not yet been explored. Here, we show that the growth of amyloid fibrils, archetypical aberrant protein polymers, is capable of unleashing mechanical forces on the piconewton scale for individual filaments. We apply microfluidic techniques to measure the forces released by amyloid growt

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7

Tejani, Ankit D., Michael P. Walsh, and Christopher M. Rembold. "Tissue length modulates “stimulated actin polymerization,” force augmentation, and the rate of swine carotid arterial contraction." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 301, no. 6 (2011): C1470—C1478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00149.2011.

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“Stimulated actin polymerization” has been proposed to be involved in force augmentation, in which prior submaximal activation of vascular smooth muscle increases the force of a subsequent maximal contraction by ∼15%. In this study, we altered stimulated actin polymerization by adjusting tissue length and then measured the effect on force augmentation. At optimal tissue length (1.0 Lo), force augmentation was observed and was associated with increased prior stimulated actin polymerization, as evidenced by increased prior Y118 paxillin phosphorylation without changes in prior S3 cofilin or cros

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8

Tizazu, Getachew. "Investigation of the Effect of Molecular Weight, Density, and Initiator Structure Size on the Repulsive Force between a PNIPAM Polymer Brush and Protein." Advances in Polymer Technology 2022 (October 22, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9741080.

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This paper focuses on the effect of degree of polymerization (N), density ( σ ), and pattern size ( x ) on the interaction force between a periodically patterned Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) brush and protein. The hydrophobic interaction, the Van der Waals attractive force, and the steric repulsive force were expressed in terms of N , σ , and x . The osmotic constant (k1) and the entropic constant (k2) were determined from the fit of the steric repulsive force to an experimentally obtained force distance curve. The osmotic constant was 0.105, and the entropic constant was 0.255. Using

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9

Schreiber, Christoph, Behnam Amiri, Johannes C. J. Heyn, Joachim O. Rädler, and Martin Falcke. "On the adhesion–velocity relation and length adaptation of motile cells on stepped fibronectin lanes." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 4 (2021): e2009959118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2009959118.

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The biphasic adhesion–velocity relation is a universal observation in mesenchymal cell motility. It has been explained by adhesion-promoted forces pushing the front and resisting motion at the rear. Yet, there is little quantitative understanding of how these forces control cell velocity. We study motion of MDA-MB-231 cells on microlanes with fields of alternating Fibronectin densities to address this topic and derive a mathematical model from the leading-edge force balance and the force-dependent polymerization rate. It reproduces quantitatively our measured adhesion–velocity relation and res

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10

Fung, David C., and Julie A. Theriot. "Actin Dynamics and Force Generation in the Motility of Listeria Monocytogenes." Microscopy and Microanalysis 3, S2 (1997): 209–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600007935.

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The gram-positive bacterium Listeria monocytogenes is one of several intracellular pathogens which can move about within its host's cytoplasm using a form of actin-based motility. This motility plays an important role in the virulence of the microbe, which can cause serious disease in humans. Actin is a host-cell protein whose polymerization is required for the locomotion of animal cells. L. monocytogenes exploits this normal cellular machinery for its own movement by creating a “comet” tail of cross-linked actin filaments behind it. Actin polymerization occurs at the bacterial surface and is

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11

Rembold, Christopher M., Ankit D. Tejani, Marcia L. Ripley, and Shaojie Han. "Paxillin phosphorylation, actin polymerization, noise temperature, and the sustained phase of swine carotid artery contraction." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 293, no. 3 (2007): C993—C1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00090.2007.

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Histamine stimulation of swine carotid artery induces both contraction and actin polymerization. The importance of stimulus-induced actin polymerization is not known. Tyrosine phosphorylation of the scaffolding protein paxillin is thought to be an important regulator of actin polymerization. Noise temperature, hysteresivity, and phase angle are rheological measures of the fluidity of a tissue, i.e., whether the muscle is more a “Hookean solid” or a “Newtonian liquid.” Y118 paxillin phosphorylation, crossbridge phosphorylation, actin polymerization, noise temperature, hysteresivity, phase angle

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12

Ali, Olivier, and Jan Traas. "Force-Driven Polymerization and Turgor-Induced Wall Expansion." Trends in Plant Science 21, no. 5 (2016): 398–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2016.01.019.

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13

Brangwynne, C. P., F. C. MacKintosh, and D. A. Weitz. "Force fluctuations and polymerization dynamics of intracellular microtubules." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104, no. 41 (2007): 16128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0703094104.

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14

Tang, Dale D., and Susan J. Gunst. "The Small GTPase Cdc42 Regulates Actin Polymerization and Tension Development during Contractile Stimulation of Smooth Muscle." Journal of Biological Chemistry 279, no. 50 (2004): 51722–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m408351200.

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Contractile stimulation induces actin polymerization in smooth muscle tissues and cells, and the inhibition of actin polymerization depresses smooth muscle force development. In the present study, the role of Cdc42 in the regulation of actin polymerization and tension development in smooth muscle was evaluated. Acetylcholine stimulation of tracheal smooth muscle tissues increased the activation of Cdc42. Plasmids encoding wild type Cdc42 or a dominant negative Cdc42 mutant, Asn-17 Cdc42, were introduced into tracheal smooth muscle strips by reversible permeabilization, and tissues were incubat

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15

Tejani, Ankit D., and Christopher M. Rembold. "Force augmentation and stimulated actin polymerization in swine carotid artery." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 298, no. 1 (2010): C182—C190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00326.2009.

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The phenomenon of posttetanic potentiation, in which a single submaximal contraction or series of submaximal contractions strengthens a subsequent contraction, has been observed in both skeletal and cardiac muscle. In this study, we describe a similar phenomenon in swine carotid arterial smooth muscle. We find that a submaximal K+ depolarization increases the force generation of a subsequent maximal K+ depolarization; we term this “force augmentation.” Force augmentation was not associated with a significant increase in crossbridge phosphorylation or shortening velocity during the maximal K+ d

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16

Aldana, Maximino, Miguel Fuentes-Cabrera, and Martín Zumaya. "Self-Propulsion Enhances Polymerization." Entropy 22, no. 2 (2020): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22020251.

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Self-assembly is a spontaneous process through which macroscopic structures are formed from basic microscopic constituents (e.g., molecules or colloids). By contrast, the formation of large biological molecules inside the cell (such as proteins or nucleic acids) is a process more akin to self-organization than to self-assembly, as it requires a constant supply of external energy. Recent studies have tried to merge self-assembly with self-organization by analyzing the assembly of self-propelled (or active) colloid-like particles whose motion is driven by a permanent source of energy. Here we pr

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17

Prass, Marcus, Ken Jacobson, Alex Mogilner, and Manfred Radmacher. "Direct measurement of the lamellipodial protrusive force in a migrating cell." Journal of Cell Biology 174, no. 6 (2006): 767–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200601159.

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There has been a great deal of interest in the mechanism of lamellipodial protrusion (Pollard, T., and G. Borisy. 2003. Cell. 112:453–465). However, one of this mechanism's endpoints, the force of protrusion, has never been directly measured. We place an atomic force microscopy cantilever in the path of a migrating keratocyte. The deflection of the cantilever, which occurs over a period of ∼10 s, provides a direct measure of the force exerted by the lamellipodial leading edge. Stall forces are consistent with ∼100 polymerizing actin filaments per micrometer of the leading edge, each working as

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18

Hu, Kenneth H., and Manish J. Butte. "T cell activation requires force generation and is mediated by." Journal of Immunology 196, no. 1_Supplement (2016): 55.4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.55.4.

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Abstract Triggering of the T-cell receptor (TCR) has been shown to involve both binding kinetics and mechanical forces. The source of these mechanical forces is likely cytoskeletal activity by the T cell. To understand the contribution of the T-cell cytoskeleton to these forces, we developed an atomic force microscopy (AFM) based method for presenting a stimulatory signal to the T cell and monitoring the force exerted on the cantilever while simultaneously imaging with optical microscopy. T cells respond forcefully, exhibiting pushing and pulling forces that seem temporally correlated with cal

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19

Tucker, B., Y. Kapoor, and S. Elliott. "On-Line Force Measurement to Monitor Contact Lens Polymerization." Experimental Techniques 38, no. 4 (2012): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1567.2012.00819.x.

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20

Richter, A., V. Haapasilta, C. Venturini, et al. "Diacetylene polymerization on a bulk insulator surface." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 23 (2017): 15172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp01526g.

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21

Gazzola, Morgan, Cyndi Henry, Katherine Lortie, et al. "Airway smooth muscle tone increases actin filamentogenesis and contractile capacity." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 318, no. 2 (2020): L442—L451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00205.2019.

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Force adaptation of airway smooth muscle (ASM) is a process whereby the presence of tone (i.e., a sustained contraction) increases the contractile capacity. For example, tone has been shown to increase airway responsiveness in both healthy mice and humans. The goal of the present study is to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. The maximal force generated by mouse tracheas was measured in response to 10−4 M of methacholine following a 30-min period with or without tone elicited by the EC30 of methacholine. To confirm the occurrence of force adaptation at the cellular level, traction

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22

Dogan, Murat, Young-Soo Han, Philippe Delmotte та Gary C. Sieck. "TNFα enhances force generation in airway smooth muscle". American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 312, № 6 (2017): L994—L1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00550.2016.

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Airway inflammation is a hallmark of asthma, triggering airway smooth muscle (ASM) hyperreactivity and airway remodeling. TNFα increases both agonist-induced cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) and force in ASM. The effects of TNFα on ASM force may also be due to an increase in Ca2+ sensitivity, cytoskeletal remodeling, and/or changes in contractile protein content. We hypothesized that 24 h of exposure to TNFα increases ASM force by changing actin and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) content and/or polymerization. Porcine ASM strips were permeabilized with 10% Triton X-100, and force was measur

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23

Hassinger, Julian E., George Oster, David G. Drubin, and Padmini Rangamani. "Design principles for robust vesiculation in clathrin-mediated endocytosis." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 7 (2017): E1118—E1127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1617705114.

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A critical step in cellular-trafficking pathways is the budding of membranes by protein coats, which recent experiments have demonstrated can be inhibited by elevated membrane tension. The robustness of processes like clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) across a diverse range of organisms and mechanical environments suggests that the protein machinery in this process has evolved to take advantage of some set of physical design principles to ensure robust vesiculation against opposing forces like membrane tension. Using a theoretical model for membrane mechanics and membrane protein interaction

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24

Chen, Xuesong, Kristin Pavlish, Hai-Ying Zhang, and Joseph N. Benoit. "Effects of chronic portal hypertension on agonist-induced actin polymerization in small mesenteric arteries." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 290, no. 5 (2006): H1915—H1921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00643.2005.

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The ability of arterial smooth muscle to respond to vasoconstrictor stimuli is reduced in chronic portal hypertension (PHT). Additional evidence supports the existence of a postreceptor defect in vascular smooth muscle excitation contraction coupling. However, the nature of this defect is unclear. Recent studies have shown that vasoconstrictor stimuli induce actin polymerization in smooth muscle and that the associated increase in F-actin is necessary for force development. In the present study we have tested the hypothesis that impaired actin polymerization contributes to reduced vasoconstric

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Abeyaratne, Rohan, and Prashant K. Purohit. "A continuum model for the growth of dendritic actin networks." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 476, no. 2241 (2020): 20200464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2020.0464.

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Polymerization of dendritic actin networks underlies important mechanical processes in cell biology such as the protrusion of lamellipodia, propulsion of growth cones in dendrites of neurons, intracellular transport of organelles and pathogens, among others. The forces required for these mechanical functions have been deduced from mechano-chemical models of actin polymerization; most models are focused on single growing filaments, and only a few address polymerization of filament networks through simulations. Here, we propose a continuum model of surface growth and filament nucleation to descr

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Wiesner, Sebastian, Emmanuele Helfer, Dominique Didry, et al. "A biomimetic motility assay provides insight into the mechanism of actin-based motility." Journal of Cell Biology 160, no. 3 (2003): 387–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200207148.

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Abiomimetic motility assay is used to analyze the mechanism of force production by site-directed polymerization of actin. Polystyrene microspheres, functionalized in a controlled fashion by the N-WASP protein, the ubiquitous activator of Arp2/3 complex, undergo actin-based propulsion in a medium that consists of five pure proteins. We have analyzed the dependence of velocity on N-WASP surface density, on the concentration of capping protein, and on external force. Movement was not slowed down by increasing the diameter of the beads (0.2 to 3 μm) nor by increasing the viscosity of the medium by

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27

Monteferrante, Michele, Sauro Succi, Dario Pisignano, and Marco Lauricella. "Simulating Polymerization by Boltzmann Inversion Force Field Approach and Dynamical Nonequilibrium Reactive Molecular Dynamics." Polymers 14, no. 21 (2022): 4529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14214529.

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The radical polymerization process of acrylate compounds is, nowadays, numerically investigated using classical force fields and reactive molecular dynamics, with the aim to probe the gel-point transition as a function of the initial radical concentration. In the present paper, the gel-point transition of the 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate (HDDMA) is investigated by a coarser force field which grants a reduction in the computational costs, thereby allowing the simulation of larger system sizes and smaller radical concentrations. Hence, the polymerization is investigated using reactive classical

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28

Xu, Mizhi, Krista K. Bullard, Aja M. Nicely, and Will R. Gutekunst. "Resonance promoted ring-opening metathesis polymerization of twisted amides." Chemical Science 10, no. 42 (2019): 9729–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sc03602d.

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29

Zou, Mengqiang, Changrui Liao, Yanping Chen, et al. "Measurement of Interfacial Adhesion Force with a 3D-Printed Fiber-Tip Microforce Sensor." Biosensors 12, no. 8 (2022): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12080629.

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With the current trend of device miniaturization, the measurement and control of interfacial adhesion forces are increasingly important in fields such as biomechanics and cell biology. However, conventional fiber optic force sensors with high Young’s modulus (>70 GPa) are usually unable to measure adhesion forces on the micro- or nano-Newton level on the surface of micro/nanoscale structures. Here, we demonstrate a method for interfacial adhesion force measurement in micro/nanoscale structures using a fiber-tip microforce sensor (FTMS). The FTMS, with microforce sensitivity of 1.05 nm/μN an

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Litvinov, Rustem I., Oleg V. Gorkun, Scott F. Owen, Henry Shuman, and John W. Weisel. "Polymerization of fibrin: specificity, strength, and stability of knob-hole interactions studied at the single-molecule level." Blood 106, no. 9 (2005): 2944–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2005-05-2039.

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Abstract Using laser tweezers, we measured for the first time the forces of individual knob-into-hole interactions underlying fibrin polymerization. Exposure of A-knobs in desA-fibrin or its fragment from the central part of the molecule (N-terminal disulphide knot, NDSK) resulted in strong interactions with fibrinogen or fragment D (containing only a- and b-holes), producing a binding strength of approximately 125 to 130 pN. The interactions were not present in the absence of either knobs or holes and were abrogated by a specific inhibitor of fibrin polymerization, a peptide mimic of the A-kn

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31

Shemesh, Tom, Alexander D. Bershadsky, and Michael M. Kozlov. "Force-driven polymerization in cells: actin filaments and focal adhesions." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 17, no. 47 (2005): S3913—S3928. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/17/47/019.

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32

Rembold, Christopher M., and Ankit Tejani. "Stimulated Actin Polymerization Induces Force Potentiation in Swine Carotid Artery." Biophysical Journal 98, no. 3 (2010): 355a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2009.12.1917.

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Iida, Yosinao. "Electrochromic and electromotive force characteristics of electrochemical polymerization of aniline." Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part II: Electronics) 78, no. 9 (1995): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecjb.4420780910.

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34

Zhang, Wenwu, Liping Du, and Susan J. Gunst. "The effects of the small GTPase RhoA on the muscarinic contraction of airway smooth muscle result from its role in regulating actin polymerization." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 299, no. 2 (2010): C298—C306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00118.2010.

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The small GTPase RhoA increases the Ca2+ sensitivity of smooth muscle contraction and myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation by inhibiting the activity of MLC phosphatase. RhoA is also a known regulator of cytoskeletal dynamics and actin polymerization in many cell types. In airway smooth muscle (ASM), contractile stimulation induces MLC phosphorylation and actin polymerization, which are both required for active tension generation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the primary mechanism by which RhoA regulates active tension generation in intact ASM during stimulation with acetylc

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Jung, JH, and SH Park. "Comparison of Polymerization Shrinkage, Physical Properties, and Marginal Adaptation of Flowable and Restorative Bulk Fill Resin-Based Composites." Operative Dentistry 42, no. 4 (2017): 375–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/16-254-l.

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SUMMARY Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the marginal adaptation of two flowable bulk fill resin-based composites (FB-RBCs), two restorative bulk fill resin-based composites (RB-RBCs), and one regular incremental-fill RBC in MOD cavities in vitro. Additionally, the influence of linear polymerization shrinkage, shrinkage force, flexural modulus, and bottom/top surface hardness ratio on the marginal adaptation was evaluated. Methods: A Class II MOD cavity was prepared in 40 extracted sound lower molars. In group 1 (control group), the preparation was filled with Filtek Z350 (Z3,

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Ishikiriama, Sergio Kiyoshi, Rafael Massunari Maenosono, Denise Ferracioli Oda, Juan Fernando Ordonez-Aguilera, Linda Wang, and Rafael Francisco Lia Mondelli. "Influence of Volume and Activation Mode on Polymerization Shrinkage Forces of Resin Cements." Brazilian Dental Journal 24, no. 4 (2013): 326–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201302113.

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The concern with the polymerization shrinkage of restorative resin composites also applies to resin cements. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of volume and polymerization mode on forces generated during polymerization shrinkage (FGPS) of resin cements. Two light-cured resin cements - Variolink II (VL; Ivoclar Vivadent) and Nexus 3 (NX; Kerr) - and two self-cured resin cements - Multilink (ML; Ivoclar Vivadent) and Cement Post (CP; Angelus) - were inserted between two rectangular steel bases (6x2 mm) with distance set at 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 mm, establishing a variation of volume

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Fediuk, Jena, Anurag S. Sikarwar, Nora Nolette, and Shyamala Dakshinamurti. "Thromboxane-induced actin polymerization in hypoxic neonatal pulmonary arterial myocytes involves Cdc42 signaling." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 307, no. 11 (2014): L877—L887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00036.2014.

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In hypoxic pulmonary arterial (PA) myocytes, challenge with thromboxane mimetic U46619 induces marked actin polymerization and contraction, phenotypic features of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). Rho GTPases regulate the actin cytoskeleton. We previously reported that U46619-induced actin polymerization in hypoxic PA myocytes occurs independently of the RhoA pathway and hypothesized involvement of the Cdc42 pathway. PA myocytes grown in normoxia or hypoxia for 72 h were stimulated with U46619, then analyzed for Rac/Cdc42 activation by affinity precipitation, phosphatidy

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38

HIMMI, MUSTAPHA, and LAILA MOHAMMADI. "EXTENSIVE STUDY OF INTERACTION FORCE BETWEEN SPHERICAL COLLOIDS AND STAR POLYMERS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 26, no. 17 (2012): 1250105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979212501056.

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We consider a system consisting of very small colloidal particles clothed each by f end-grafted flexible polymer chains we regarded as star polymers, and hard spherical colloidal particles in a good solvent. Our main objective is to determine the expression of the interaction force between a spherical colloid and a star polymer as a function of distance between them. We limit ourselves to the case where the star polymer is smaller than the colloid. In the first part, the system is dissolved in a melt of short linear chains of polymerization degree P<N, where N denotes the polymerization deg

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Hui, King Lam, and Arpita Upadhyaya. "Dynamic microtubules regulate cellular contractility during T-cell activation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 21 (2017): E4175—E4183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1614291114.

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T-cell receptor (TCR) triggering and subsequent T-cell activation are essential for the adaptive immune response. Recently, multiple lines of evidence have shown that force transduction across the TCR complex is involved during TCR triggering, and that the T cell might use its force-generation machinery to probe the mechanical properties of the opposing antigen-presenting cell, giving rise to different signaling and physiological responses. Mechanistically, actin polymerization and turnover have been shown to be essential for force generation by T cells, but how these actin dynamics are regula

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Lin, Tzu-Yao, Cheng-Wei Tu, Junko Aimi, et al. "Miktoarm Star Copolymers Prepared by Transformation from Enhanced Spin Capturing Polymerization to Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization (ESCP-Ŧ-NMP) toward Nanomaterials." Nanomaterials 11, no. 9 (2021): 2392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11092392.

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Reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) serves as a powerful tool nowadays for the preparations of unique linear and non-linear macromolecules. In this study, enhanced spin capturing polymerizations (ESCPs) of styrene (St) and tert-butyl acrylate (tBA) monomers were, respectively, conducted in the presence of difunctional (1Z,1′Z)-1,1′-(1,4-phenylene) bis (N-tert-butylmethanimine oxide) (PBBN) nitrone. Four-arm (PSt)4 and (PtBA)4 star macroinitiators (MIs) can be afforded. By correspondingly switching the second monomer (i.e., tBA and St), miktoarm star copolymers (μ-stars) of (P

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Shao, Xiaowei, Qingsen Li, Alex Mogilner, Alexander D. Bershadsky, and G. V. Shivashankar. "Mechanical stimulation induces formin-dependent assembly of a perinuclear actin rim." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 20 (2015): E2595—E2601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1504837112.

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Cells constantly sense and respond to mechanical signals by reorganizing their actin cytoskeleton. Although a number of studies have explored the effects of mechanical stimuli on actin dynamics, the immediate response of actin after force application has not been studied. We designed a method to monitor the spatiotemporal reorganization of actin after cell stimulation by local force application. We found that force could induce transient actin accumulation in the perinuclear region within ∼2 min. This actin reorganization was triggered by an intracellular Ca2+ burst induced by force applicatio

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Litvinov, Rustem I., Oleg V. Gorkun, Scott F. Owen, Henry Shuman, and John W. Weisel. "Binding Site Specificity, Mechanics, and Kinetics of Bimolecular Interactions Underlying Fibrin Polymerization." Blood 106, no. 11 (2005): 1955. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.1955.1955.

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Abstract Using laser tweezers-based force spectroscopy, we studied the rupture force profile of complementary interactions between individual fibrin(ogen) molecules and their fragments bearing variable sets of exposed binding sites. The technique of optically trapping and manipulating small particles using a focused laser beam, named laser tweezers, can measure external forces applied to the particle with extremely high resolution and is accurate at the lower end of the force spectrum (0–200 pN), which is suitable to quantify non-covalent intermolecular binding. Accordingly, we have developed

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Sankaran, Jeyantt, Gunes Uzer, Andre J. van Wijnen, and Janet Rubin. "Gene regulation through dynamic actin control of nuclear structure." Experimental Biology and Medicine 244, no. 15 (2019): 1345–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535370219850079.

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Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells exist in a multipotential state, where osteogenic and adipogenic genomes are silenced in heterochromatin at the inner nuclear leaflet. Physical force, generated in the marrow space during dynamic exercise exerts control overexpression of differentiation. Mesenchymal stem cells experience mechanical force through their cytoskeletal attachments to substrate, inducing signaling that alters gene expression. The generated force is further transferred from the cytoskeleton to the nucleoskeleton through tethering of actin to Linker of Nucleus and Cytoskeleton (LINC)

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Cáceres, Rodrigo, Nagagireesh Bojanala, Laura C. Kelley, et al. "Forces drive basement membrane invasion inCaenorhabditis elegans." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 45 (2018): 11537–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1808760115.

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During invasion, cells breach basement membrane (BM) barriers with actin-rich protrusions. It remains unclear, however, whether actin polymerization applies pushing forces to help break through BM, or whether actin filaments play a passive role as scaffolding for targeting invasive machinery. Here, using the developmental event of anchor cell (AC) invasion inCaenorhabditis elegans, we observe that the AC deforms the BM and underlying tissue just before invasion, exerting forces in the tens of nanonewtons range. Deformation is driven by actin polymerization nucleated by the Arp2/3 complex and i

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COLE, CHRISTINE LIND, and HONG QIAN. "THE BROWNIAN RATCHET REVISITED: DIFFUSION FORMALISM, POLYMER-BARRIER ATTRACTIONS, AND MULTIPLE FILAMENTOUS BUNDLE GROWTH." Biophysical Reviews and Letters 06, no. 01n02 (2011): 59–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793048011001269.

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Actin polymerization driven stochastic movement of the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes is often measured using single-particle tracking (SPT) methodology and analyzed in terms of statistics. Experimental results suggested a dynamic association between the growing actin filaments and the propelled bacteria. Based on an alternative mathematical formalism for a Brownian ratchet (BR), we introduce such an attractive interaction into the one-dimensional BR model and show that its effect is equivalent to an external resistant force on the bacterium. Such a force significantly reduces the Brownian mo

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Göring, Gerald, Philipp-Immanuel Dietrich, Matthias Blaicher, et al. "Tailored probes for atomic force microscopy fabricated by two-photon polymerization." Applied Physics Letters 109, no. 6 (2016): 063101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4960386.

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See, Chun Hwa, and John O'Haver. "Atomic force microscopy studies of admicellar polymerization polystyrene-modified amorphous silica." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 87, no. 2 (2002): 290–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.11424.

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Santin, D. C., M. M. A. C. Velo, F. S. Camim, H. M. Honório, and R. F. L. Mondelli. "Influence of volume on polymerization contraction force of bulk-fill-composites." Dental Materials 34 (2018): e103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2018.08.216.

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Lee, Ho-Keun, Jaeho Lee, Johannes Kockelmann, Torben Herrmann, Massih Sarif, and Tae-Lim Choi. "Superior Cascade Ring-Opening/Ring-Closing Metathesis Polymerization and Multiple Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Enhancing the Driving Force for Successful Polymerization of Challenging Monomers." Journal of the American Chemical Society 140, no. 33 (2018): 10536–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.8b05613.

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Yang, Hui, Zhan Ma, Bin Yuan, Zhiqiang Wang та Xi Zhang. "Supramolecular polymerization at the interface: layer-by-layer assembly driven by host-enhanced π–π interaction". Chem. Commun. 50, № 76 (2014): 11173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc05201c.

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