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Journal articles on the topic 'Polymerized Chain'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Liu, Xiong, Neil Billington, Shi Shu, et al. "Effect of ATP and regulatory light-chain phosphorylation on the polymerization of mammalian nonmuscle myosin II." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 32 (2017): E6516—E6525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1702375114.

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Addition of 1 mM ATP substantially reduces the light scattering of solutions of polymerized unphosphorylated nonmuscle myosin IIs (NM2s), and this is reversed by phosphorylation of the regulatory light chain (RLC). It has been proposed that these changes result from substantial depolymerization of unphosphorylated NM2 filaments to monomers upon addition of ATP, and filament repolymerization upon RLC-phosphorylation. We now show that the differences in myosin monomer concentration of RLC-unphosphorylated and -phosphorylated recombinant mammalian NM2A, NM2B, and NM2C polymerized in the presence

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2

Ito, Masayoshi, Hidefumi Shioda, and Koji Tanaka. "Chain orientation of electrochemically polymerized polythiophene films." Journal of Polymer Science Part C: Polymer Letters 24, no. 4 (1986): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1986.140240401.

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3

Li, Hong Qiang, Xue Jun Lai, Jian Hua Guo, and Xing Rong Zeng. "Preparation and Characterization of Polymerized Rosin/Polyacrylates Composite Miniemulsions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 665 (October 2014): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.665.251.

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Polymerized rosin/polyacrylate composite miniemulsions were prepared by in-situ semi-continuous miniemulsion polymerization method with polymerized rosin as tackifying resin. The effect of polymerized rosin amount on the monomer conversion rate, the water absorption rate, adhesion properties including initial force, 180opeel strength and shear resistance of the composite latex films were studied, and the structure was also characterized by FTIR and DSC. The results showed that polymerized rosin played the role of inhibition and chain transfer agent in the polymerization process. Polymerized ro

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4

Oishi, Eri, Masumi Takamura, and Tatsuhiro Takahashi. "Removal of Trithiocarbonyl End Group of RAFT-Polymerized Poly(stearyl acrylate) and Effect of the End Group on Thermal and Structural Properties." Polymers 13, no. 23 (2021): 4169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13234169.

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The effect of a long alkyl end group on the thermal and structural properties of RAFT (reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer)-polymerized poly(stearyl acrylate) (PSA) was investigated. RAFT-polymerized PSA was prepared using 2-cyano-2-[(dodecylsulfanylthiocarbonyl) sulfanyl] propane (CDTP) with long alkyl group as a chain transfer agent and azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator. The RAFT polymerization resulted in the polymerized structure having trithiocarbonyl (TTC) at one end and isobutyronitrile at the other end. RAFT-polymerized PSA was prepared with two different molec

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5

Yoshimura, Daiki, Shinji Yamada, and Akinori Takasu. "A polyester–polystyrene hybrid connected by dynamic covalent bonds prepared via radical polymerization of styrene in a “RAFT gel”." Polym. Chem. 5, no. 11 (2014): 3689–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4py00052h.

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We cross-linked the polyester chains with 1,1-thiocarbonyldiimidazole to form a reversible addition–fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) gel, in which the trithiocarbonate moiety acted as a cross-linker. The “RAFT gel” was then swollen in vinyl monomers and styrene was radically polymerized within the gel, in which the polyester and polystyrene segments were miscible at the segment level.

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6

Liu, Zhipeng, Shuli Wei, Yanhui Guo, et al. "Pressure-induced stability and polymeric nitrogen in alkaline earth metal N-rich nitrides (XN6, X = Ca, Sr and Ba): a first-principles study." RSC Advances 11, no. 28 (2021): 17222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra01631h.

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The Fddd-SrN<sub>6</sub> structure can transform into P1̄-SrN<sub>6</sub>, and polymerized to infinite nitrogen chain structures at P = 22 GPa. For BaN<sub>6</sub>, the Fmmm-BaN<sub>6</sub> structure can transform into C2/m-BaN<sub>6</sub>, and polymerized to N<sub>6</sub> ring network structure at P = 110 GPa.

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7

Shinohara, Yoshikazu, Yoshio Imai, Yukihiro Isoda, Kentaro Hiraishi, and Hachiro Nakanishi. "A New Challenge of Polymer Thermoelectric Materials as Ecomaterials." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 2329–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.2329.

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Typical conductive polymers of poly(3-alkylthiophenes) were synthesized by oxidative polymerization. Polythiophene with no side chain was also electrolyticaly polymerized. Alkyl side chains were CnH2n+1 with n=4, 6, 8, 12. The regioregularity with the HT linkage was larger than 99% based on NMR analysis. We have evaluated the effect of side chain size on the thermoelectric properties of Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity. The results were as follows: 1) Seebeck coefficient decreased with an increasing electrical conductivity. 2) High Seebeck coefficient >1mV/K was observed at l

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8

Maupu, Alexandre, Yara Kanawati, Adrien Métafiot, and Milan Maric. "Ethylene Glycol Dicyclopentenyl (Meth)Acrylate Homo and Block Copolymers via Nitroxide Mediated Polymerization." Materials 12, no. 9 (2019): 1547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12091547.

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Nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP), (homo and block copolymerization with styrene (S) and butyl methacrylate/S) of ethylene glycol dicyclopentenyl ether (meth)acrylates (EGDEA and EGDEMA) was studied using BlocBuilder alkoxyamines. EGDEA homopolymerization was not well-controlled, independent of temperature (90–120 °C), or additional free nitroxide (0–10 mol%) used. Number average molecular weights (Mn) achieved for poly(EGDEA) were 4.0–9.5 kg mol−1 and were accompanied by high dispersity (Ð = Mw/Mn = 1.62–2.09). Re-initiation and chain extension of the poly(EGDEA) chains with styrene (S)

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9

Zhao, Yan-Ling, Rui-Qin Zhang, Christian Minot, Klaus Hermann, and Michel A. Van Hove. "Computational prediction of optimal metal ions to induce coordinated polymerization of muscle-like [c2]daisy chains." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 10 (2016): 7419–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp07772a.

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10

Zhu, Rong, Xingyu Luo, Lu Deng, et al. "An enzymatic polymerization-activated silver nanocluster probe for in situ apoptosis assay." Analyst 143, no. 12 (2018): 2908–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8an00535d.

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11

Yuan, Jianan, Kang Xia, Chi Ding, Xiaomeng Wang, Qing Lu, and Jian Sun. "High-energy-density metal nitrides with armchair chains." Matter and Radiation at Extremes 7, no. 3 (2022): 038402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0087168.

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Polymeric nitrogen has attracted much attention owing to its possible application as an environmentally safe high-energy-density material. Based on a crystal structure search method accelerated by the use of machine learning and graph theory and on first-principles calculations, we predict a series of metal nitrides with chain-like polynitrogen ( P21-AlN6, P21-GaN6, P-1-YN6, and P4/ mnc-TiN8), all of which are estimated to be energetically stable below 40.8 GPa. Phonon calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations at finite temperature suggest that these nitrides are dynamically st

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12

Wieland, F., V. Bocharova, P. Münzner, et al. "Structure and dynamics of short-chain polymerized ionic liquids." Journal of Chemical Physics 151, no. 3 (2019): 034903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5109228.

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13

Wu, Yingying, Xuemin Chen, Yanying Wang, and Chunya Li. "Voltammetric determination of hexestrol based on the enhanced effect of a polymerized 3-decyl-1-(3-pyrrole-propyl)imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid film electrode." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 94, no. 5 (2016): 470–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2015-0539.

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3-Decyl-1-(3-pyrrole-propyl)imidazolium tetrafluoroborate (DPIMBF4) ionic liquid was synthesized and characterized. DPIMBF4 ionic liquid not only possesses a pyrrole group that can be electrochemically polymerized onto a glassy carbon electrode surface by using a multipotential step technique, but it also contains a long carbon chain that can improve the stability of a polymerized ionic liquid film in an aqueous solution. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to confirm the successful polymerization of the ionic liq

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14

Li, Jiajia, Andrew Kerr, Satu Häkkinen, et al. "Manganese carbonyl induced cationic reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (C-RAFT) polymerization under visible light." Polymer Chemistry 11, no. 15 (2020): 2724–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9py01785b.

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15

Nykaza, Jacob R., Yuesheng Ye, Rachel L. Nelson, et al. "Polymerized ionic liquid diblock copolymers: impact of water/ion clustering on ion conductivity." Soft Matter 12, no. 4 (2016): 1133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5sm02053k.

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Herein, we examine the synergistic impact of both ion clustering and block copolymer morphology on ion conductivity in two polymerized ionic liquid (PIL) diblock copolymers with similar chemistries but different side alkyl spacer chain lengths (ethyl versus undecyl).

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16

Ouyang, Liangqi, Mohammad J. Jafari, Wanzhu Cai, et al. "The contraction of PEDOT films formed on a macromolecular liquid-like surface." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 6, no. 3 (2018): 654–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tc04661h.

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Vapour phase polymerized PEDOT on the oxidizer layer adopts a neutral benzenoid structure. After solvent rinsing, the polymer chain is deprotonated and rearranged, giving rise to doped quinoid structure and partly contributing to the contraction of the film.

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17

Zhu, Zhenghao, Ivan Popov, Alexei P. Sokolov, and Stephen J. Paddison. "Mechanistic Insights into Ion Transport in Polymerized Ionic Liquids." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 45 (2023): 2456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01452456mtgabs.

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Polymerized ionic liquids (polyILs) continue to be of great interest as electrolytes in energy conversion and storage devices. However, challenges in enhancing the ionic conductivity to ~10-3 S/cm still hinder the application of these materials. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the conductivity in these electrolytes, which strongly relies on advances in molecular-level understanding of ion transport mechanisms governing charge transport. To this end, ionic correlations and the mechanisms of ion transport in the polyILs and their corresponding ILs have been systematically studied by altering

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18

UCHINO, Masataka, Tomohiro NOGUCHI, and Katsumi TAKANO. "Confirmation of PCR (Polymerized Chain Reaction) amplification of extracted DNA." food preservation science 29, no. 6 (2003): 359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5891/jafps.29.359.

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19

Li, Yu Feng, Yan Yi Xiong, Cheng Yang Fan, Zhi Jun Wang, and You Cai Xiao. "A Mechanical Model for Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS) Reinforced Amorphous Polyethylene." Materials Science Forum 1020 (February 2021): 206–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1020.206.

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The mechanical behavior of polyethylene (PE) co-polymerized with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) was studied by using molecular simulations. Simulation configurations consisted of aligned PE chains with POSS attached to the central chain and amorphous PE chains with different content POSS. From the simulations with aligned PE chains with POSS, it was found that the method for reinforcement was due to dislocation pile-up at POSS, and above a critical stress the dislocations traverse the POSS causing a sawtooth variation in the load-displacement curve. The stress-strain curves for am

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20

Löwe, Robert, Thomas Hanemann, Tatiana Zinkevich, and Andreas Hofmann. "Structure–Property Relationship of Polymerized Ionic Liquids for Solid-State Electrolyte Membranes." Polymers 13, no. 5 (2021): 792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13050792.

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Eight new polymerized ammonium-based ionic liquids were prepared as thin membrane films and evaluated within the scope of their usage in lithium-ion batteries. The focus of this work is to get a better understanding of the influence of structural modifications of the monomers on the polymerized materials. Further, different concentrations of a lithium-ion conducting salt were applied in order to receive an optimized combination of monomer structure and lithium salt concentration. It was found that an increased side chain length of the studied ammonium-based polymerized ionic liquids leads to a

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21

Davis, Tyson C., Jeremiah O. Bechtold, Tyler R. Hayes, Terry A. Villarreal, and Shelley A. Claridge. "Hierarchically patterned striped phases of polymerized lipids: toward controlled carbohydrate presentation at interfaces." Faraday Discussions 219 (2019): 229–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9fd00022d.

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22

De Rosa, Claudio, Anna Malafronte, Finizia Auriemma, et al. "Synthesis, chain conformation and crystal structure of poly(norbornadiene) having repeating 3,5-enchained nortricyclene units." Polymer Chemistry 10, no. 33 (2019): 4593–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9py00757a.

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When norbornadiene is polymerized with TiCl<sub>4</sub>/Et<sub>2</sub>AlCl catalytic system, a unique 3,5-poly(norbornadiene) is obtained. This new polymer is able to crystallize notwithstanding the presence of configurational disorder and packing disorder.

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23

Lee, Chia-Fang, Chin-Wen Chen, Syang-Peng Rwei, and Fu-Sheng Chuang. "Thermal Behavior and Morphology of Thermoplastic Polyurethane Derived from Different Chain Extenders of 1,3- and 1,4-Butanediol." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (2021): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020698.

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In this study, when deriving thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), the researchers replaced 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BDO) with 1,3-butanediol (1,3-BDO) as a chain extender and examined how the structure of the chain extender affected the final polymers. Regarding the raw materials for polymerization, three types of commercial polyols with the same molecular weight (Mn = 1000 g/mol), namely, poly (butyl acrylate) (PBA), poly (tetramethylene ether) glycol (PTMG), and polycarbonate diol (PCDL) were used. These polyols were used in conjunction with butanediol and 4,4’-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate. Three

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24

Morimoto, Daichi, and Masahiro Shirakawa. "The evolving world of ubiquitin: transformed polyubiquitin chains." Biomolecular Concepts 7, no. 3 (2016): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmc-2016-0009.

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AbstractThe regulation of diverse cellular events by proteins that have undergone post-translational modification with ubiquitin is well documented. Ubiquitin can be polymerized and eight types of polyubiquitin chain contribute to the complexity and specificity of the ubiquitin signal. Unexpectedly, recent studies have shown that ubiquitin itself undergoes post-translational modification by acetylation and phosphorylation; moreover, amyloid-like fibrils comprised of polyubiquitin chains have been discovered. Thus, ubiquitin is not only conjugated to substrate proteins, but also modified and tr

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25

Li, Ming, Yan Zhen Yu, and Juan Ting Wang. "Characteristic of a Novel Composite Inorganic Polymer Coagulant-PAZF Prepared from Industrial Wastes." Advanced Materials Research 977 (June 2014): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.977.82.

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A new composite coagulant polymeric aluminum zinc ferric (PAZF) was synthesized from industrial wastes. The structure and morphology of the coagulant was characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and the coagulation performances were evaluated by dyeing-printing wastewater treatment. The results show that new complex compounds are formed in PAZF. Compared with poly aluminum chloride (PAC), the contents of ionic polymerized bonds and the cross-copolymerization among Fe (III), Al (III) and Zn (II) hydroxyl polymerized bonds are in

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26

Nykaza, Jacob R., Yuesheng Ye, and Yossef A. Elabd. "Polymerized ionic liquid diblock copolymers with long alkyl side-chain length." Polymer 55, no. 16 (2014): 3360–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2014.04.003.

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27

Tibbitt, Mark W., April M. Kloxin, Lisa A. Sawicki, and Kristi S. Anseth. "Mechanical Properties and Degradation of Chain and Step-Polymerized Photodegradable Hydrogels." Macromolecules 46, no. 7 (2013): 2785–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma302522x.

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28

Peng, Jie, Qing Bin Xue, Hong Ru Chen, Ling Min Sun, and Run Tao Dong. "Thermal and Optical Properties of Main Chain Polymer Compose of Oligo-L-LA Segments and Biphenol Group." Solid State Phenomena 181-182 (November 2011): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.181-182.151.

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Thermal properties and phase behavior of series of main chain copolymers containing oligomeric-L-LA segments (OLLA) and biphenol groups were synthesized and characterized. OLLA segments were prepared by ring opening polymerization of L-LA initiated by biphenol mesogens with active HO-group and then polymerized to form main chain polymer by the reaction pentanedioyl dichloride with the-OH groups at the free end of OLLA. Their phase behaviors were studied by using DSC and POM. XRD measurements revealed the formation of layered structures. CD measurements were used to measure the helical structur

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29

Li, Chengkai, Guoqiang Fan, Gang Zheng, Rong Gao, and Li Liu. "Recent Advances in Propylene-Based Elastomers Polymerized by Homogeneous Catalysts." Polymers 16, no. 19 (2024): 2717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16192717.

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Propylene-based elastomers (PBEs) have received widespread attention and research in recent years due to their structural diversity and excellent properties, and are also an important area for leading chemical companies to compete for layout, but efficient synthesis of PBEs remains challenging. In this paper, we review the development of PBEs and categorize them into three types, grounded in their unique chain structures, including homopolymer propylene-based elastomers (hPBEs), random copolymer propylene-based elastomers (rPBEs), and block copolymer propylene-based elastomers (bPBEs). The suc

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30

Fokina, Ana, Yeonkyung Lee, Jun Hyuk Chang, et al. "Side-chain conjugated polymers for use in the active layers of hybrid semiconducting polymer/quantum dot light emitting diodes." Polymer Chemistry 7, no. 1 (2016): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5py01492a.

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Three monomers,M1–M3, with modified carbazole cores and styrene functionality were polymerized by RAFT. The polymers were then used in the active layers of hybrid polymer/quantum dot light emitting diodes.

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31

Thaptong, Puchong, Pongdhorn Sae-oui, and Chakrit Sirisinha. "INFLUENCES OF STYRENE BUTADIENE RUBBER AND SILICA TYPES ON PERFORMANCE OF PASSENGER CAR RADIAL TIRE TREAD." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 90, no. 4 (2017): 699–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/rct.17.83724.

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ABSTRACT A performance comparison among three types of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), that is, emulsion polymerized SBR (ESBR), solution polymerized SBR (SSBR), and functionalized solution polymerized SBR (F-SSBR), was of interest. Effect of silica type, that is, highly dispersible silica and conventional precipitated silica, was also investigated. It is found that SSBR demonstrates significantly better heat build-up, dynamic set, abrasion resistance, including wet grip (WG) with comparable fuel efficiency, as compared to ESBR. As expected, the best tire performance, that is, abrasion resista

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32

Tsujimoto, Masaki, Kenichi Maruyama, Yuji Mishima, and Junko Motonaka. "Enzyme Biosensor Based on an Electropolymerized Osmium Redox Polymer." International Journal of Modern Physics B 17, no. 08n09 (2003): 1517–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979203019253.

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Electrochemical polymerizations of metal complex as electron mediator in aqueous solution have been developed. The metal complexes as electron mediator of biosensor for practical application have a rapid electron transfer rate, a chemical stability, and an accessible manipulation. The electro-polymerized redox polymer relatively decreased the enzyme and catalytic activity, although these could be treated in organic solvent. In this work, the water-soluble osmium complex-modified pyrrole derivatives with long, flexible spacer chain were synthesized. The electro-polymerized redox polymer was gen

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33

Mecking, Stefan. "Polyethylene-like materials from plant oils." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 378, no. 2176 (2020): 20190266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0266.

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Polyethylene (PE) is the most important synthetic polymer material produced. Its excellent material properties arise from crystalline interactions in its hydrocarbon chains. This simple concept inspires studies of materials based on alternative non-fossil feedstocks and with additional traits such as a non-persistent nature. Renewable seed oil or microalgae oil lipids can serve as a feedstock for long-chain difunctional monomers. Catalytic conversion of their unsaturated fatty acids by e.g. isomerizing carbonylation or olefin metathesis yields long-chain monomers X-(CH 2 ) n -X with 18–26 carb

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Härdig, Y., P. García de Frutos та B. Dahlbäck. "Expression and characterization of a recombinant C4b-binding protein lacking the β-chain". Biochemical Journal 308, № 3 (1995): 795–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3080795.

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C4b-binding protein (C4BP) is a high-molecular-mass glycoprotein which contains binding sites for complement component C4b, anti-coagulant vitamin K-dependent protein S and serum amyloid P component (SAP). The major form of C4BP in plasma is composed of seven identical alpha-chains and a single beta-chain. We have expressed full-length cDNA for the alpha-chain in a eukaryotic expression system and characterized functional properties of non-beta-chain-containing C4BP. During synthesis, recombinant alpha-chains polymerized into two different high-molecular-mass C4BP forms which were composed of

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Sur, Suk-Hun, Pil-Jun Choi, Jae-Wang Ko, Jae-Yeon Lee, Young-Hee Lee, and Han-Do Kim. "Preparation and Properties of DMF-Based Polyurethanes for Wet-Type Polyurethane Artificial Leather." International Journal of Polymer Science 2018 (September 2, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7370852.

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DMF-based polyurethanes for wet-type polyurethane artificial leather were prepared using 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) as diisocyanate, 1,4-butanediol (BD)/1,6-hexanediol (HD) as chain extender, and four different macroglycols (MW: 2000): poly(butylene/3-methyl-pentylene adipate) glycol based on 1,4-butanediol/3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol (MPD), poly(butylene adipate) glycol based on BD, polycarbonate glycol based on HD/MPD, and polycarbonate glycol based on HD. The properties of the as-polymerized polyurethane solutions and their films and the size/uniformity of cells of the foam layer

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36

Nikolaev, A. V., and K. H. Michel. "Electronic structure and electric quadrupoles of a polymerized chain in solid AC60." Solid State Communications 117, no. 12 (2001): 739–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-1098(01)00017-5.

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37

Yokokoji, Arisa, Wakana Kitayama, Kamonthira Wichai, et al. "Viscoelastic Relaxation of Polymerized Ionic Liquid and Lithium Salt Mixtures: Effect of Salt Concentration." Polymers 13, no. 11 (2021): 1772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13111772.

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Polymerized ionic liquids (PILs) doped with lithium salts have recently attracted research interests as the polymer component in lithium-ion batteries because of their high ionic mobilities and lithium-ion transference numbers. To date, although the ion transport mechanism in lithium-doped PILs has been considerably studied, the role of lithium salts on the dynamics of PIL chains remains poorly understood. Herein, we examine the thermal and rheological behaviors of the mixture of poly(1-butyl-3-vinylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PC4-TFSI)/lithium TFSI (LiTFSI) in order to cla

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38

Wang, Zhaoshan, Jieqiong Yan, Tongyao Wang, Yingying Zai, Liyan Qiu, and Qingguo Wang. "Fabrication and Properties of a Bio-Based Biodegradable Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomer." Polymers 11, no. 7 (2019): 1121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11071121.

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Using the melt polycondensation of five bio-based aliphatic monomers (succinic acid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, 1,3-propanediol, and 1,4-butanediol), we first synthesized the more flexible and biodegradable polyester diols (BPD) with an average molecular weight of 3825. Then, the BPD was polymerized with excessive 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). Finally, the molecular chain extender of 1,4-butanediol (BDO) was used to fabricate the biodegradable thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (BTPU), comprising the soft segment of BPD and the hard segment polymerized by MDI and BDO. Atomic forc

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Massoudi, A. H., N. Ramazanian, H. Vahedi, and J. Khodabakhshi. "Synthesis, Characterization and Epoxidation ofcis-Enriched New Polycarbonates Catalyzed by Efficient Organotin Compound." E-Journal of Chemistry 8, s1 (2011): S318—S322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/345713.

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Presence of active functional groups on polymer chain is a suitable aspect of polymer structure which allows performing next favourite reactions on polymer molecule. In this research a novel aromatic derivative ofcis-but-2-endiol was synthesized as monomer. The synthesized monomer was polymerized using diphenyl carbonate and 1,4-butandiol as second and third monomer along with organotin catalyst. Polymerization reaction performed by using melt-phase transesterification process to produce a new terpolymer of polycarbonate. During the reaction the double bonds are preserved on polymer chain and

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Chung, Yong-Chan, Gyo Young Gu, Ji Eun Park, and Byoung Chul Chun. "Designing of new hydrophilic polyurethane using the graft-polymerized poly(acrylic acid) and poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate)." Journal of Polymer Engineering 41, no. 8 (2021): 660–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2021-0107.

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Abstract Poly(acrylic acid) and poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate) chains were grafted to polyurethane (PU) using the graft-polymerization method in order to enhance the water compatibility of PU. The grafted chains were ionized into cationic or anionic form depending on the addition of strong acid or base. The grafted polymer chains did not affect the melting, crystallization, and glass transition of the soft segment of PU due to the softness of the chain. The cross-link density and solution viscosity increased due to the linking between the grafted chains, but the slight cross-linking did

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Kato, Shinji, and Toyoki Kunitake. "Molecular Design of Black Lipid Membranes (BLM) by Polymerized Double-Chain Ammonium Amphiphiles." Chemistry Letters 20, no. 2 (1991): 261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.1991.261.

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Jansen, Janine, Abdul Ghaffar, Thomas N. S. van der Horst, et al. "Controlling the kinetic chain length of the crosslinks in photo-polymerized biodegradable networks." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 24, no. 4 (2013): 877–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10856-013-4873-x.

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Nakajima, Ken, and Toshio Nishi. "Dynamic Nanofishing of Single Polymer Chains." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 82, no. 2 (2009): 271–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3548249.

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Abstract Single molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) realized by atomic force microscope (AFM) on a single polymer chain (static nanofishing), where a polymer chain is picked up and pulled at its chemically modified terminals, only gives structural information such as persistence length and contour length. Beyond this technique, dynamic nanofishing, where an AFM cantilever is imposed on the forced oscillation at its resonant frequency (∼10 kHz), enables us to investigate more fruitful information. The method gave extension-dependent changes of entropic elasticity and frictional coefficient with

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Hoffmann, Ron, Hendrik Naatz, and Andreas Hartwig. "In situ polymerization monitoring of a diacrylate in an electrically conducting mesoporous nanoparticle scaffold." Journal of Materials Science 57, no. 3 (2022): 1755–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-021-06634-2.

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AbstractThe properties of nanoparticle–polymer composites strongly depend on the network structure of the polymer matrix. By introducing nanoparticles into a monomer (solution) and subsequently polymerizing it, the formation of the polymer phase influences the mechanical and physicochemical properties of the composite. In this study, semi-conducting indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles were prepared to form a rigid nanoparticle scaffold in which 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA), together with an initiator for photo-polymerization, was infiltrated and subsequently polymerized by UV light. Durin

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Zhao, Xiangyin. "Toward industrial scale-up of polypeptide synthesis: analysis of monomer suitability." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2608, no. 1 (2023): 012037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2608/1/012037.

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Abstract Polypeptide is a class of biopolymers that mimic the structure and properties of natural proteins, which makes it fitting for biological applications. The biodegradability and biocompatibility from the peptide backbones combined with the tunability from synthetic chemistry allow for long-chain polypeptides to function for drug delivery, tissue grafting, and gene therapy. Currently, long-chain polypeptides (≥100 amino acids) are not synthesized on a commercial scale (>100 kg.) Based on the potential applications, the optimization of polypeptide production should be discussed at the

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Jastram, Ann, Tobias Lindner, Christian Luebbert, Gabriele Sadowski, and Udo Kragl. "Swelling and Diffusion in Polymerized Ionic Liquids-Based Hydrogels." Polymers 13, no. 11 (2021): 1834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13111834.

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Hydrogels are one of the emerging classes of materials in current research. Besides their numerous applications in the medical sector as a drug delivery system or in tissue replacement, they are also suitable as irrigation components or as immobilization matrices in catalysis. For optimal application of these compounds, knowledge of the swelling properties and the diffusion mechanisms occurring in the gels is mandatory. This study is focused on hydrogels synthesized by radical polymerization of imidazolium-based ionic liquids. Both the swelling and diffusion behavior of these hydrogels were in

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Bach, Long Giang. "CONSTRUCTING POLYSTYRENE BRUSHES ON TIO2 NANOPARTICLES BY IN SITU REVERSIBLE ADDITION FRAGMENTATION CHAIN TRANSFER POLYMERIZATION." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 54, no. 1A (2018): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/54/1a/11840.

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This paper presents the preparation of polystyrene functionalized TiO2 nanoparticles using the reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The surface of TiO2 NPs with an average particle size of about 5 nm was modified by S-benzyl S’-trimethoxysilylpropyltrithiocarbonate in order to obtain the RAFT agent functionalized TiO2 NPs (TiO2-RAFT). Subsequently, styrene was radically polymerized through the immobilized RAFT agent on the silica surface, in the presence of 2,2’-azobisisobutylnitrile (AIBN) as an initiator, to achieve the TiO2-g-PS nanocomposite. The characte

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Okamura, Yosuke, Toshinori Fujie, Hitomi Maruyama, Makoto Handa, Yasuo Ikeda, and Shinji Takeoka. "Prolonged hemostatic ability of polyethylene glycol?modified polymerized albumin particles carrying fibrinogen ?-chain dodecapeptide." Transfusion 47, no. 7 (2007): 1254–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01265.x.

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Glonek, Thomas. "Did Cyclic Metaphosphates Have a Role in the Origin of Life?" Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres 51, no. 1 (2021): 1–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11084-021-09604-5.

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AbstractHow life began still eludes science life, the initial progenote in the context presented herein, being a chemical aggregate of primordial inorganic and organic molecules capable of self-replication and evolution into ever increasingly complex forms and functions.Presented is a hypothesis that a mineral scaffold generated by geological processes and containing polymerized phosphate units was present in primordial seas that provided the initiating factor responsible for the sequestration and organization of primordial life’s constituents. Unlike previous hypotheses proposing phosphates a

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Theato, Patrick, and Daniel Klinger. "Synthesis of Photoreactive Block Copolymers Based on 1-Iminopyridinium Ylides." Australian Journal of Chemistry 63, no. 8 (2010): 1164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch10079.

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Two photoreactive pyridinium ylide containing monomers, {[2-(metacryloyloxy)ethoxy]carbonyl}(pyridinium-1-yl)azanide (M1) and pyridinium-1-yl-(4-vinylbenzoyl)azanide (M2), were synthesized. Both monomers were polymerized under controlled radical polymerization conditions, i.e. reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (M1 and M2) and nitroxide-mediated polymerization (M2). Further block copolymers PMMA-b-PM1 and PS-b-PM2 were successfully synthesized and their molecular weight, Mn, and block ratio could be determined by 1H NMR analysis, thereby opening the synthetic possi

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