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Journal articles on the topic 'Polymers|Condensation|Plastics'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 July 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

Trzebiatowska, Patrycja. "RECYKLING CHEMICZNY TWORZYW SZTUCZNYCH." Wiadomości Chemiczne 76, no. 3 (2022): 157–81. https://doi.org/10.53584/wiadchem.2022.3.4.

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Plastics are currently used in almost every branch of industry. Their popularity is due to excellent mechanical properties, durability combined with low weight. Global production of plastics in 2020 reached 387 million tons and a great amount of waste from plastics is generated as they are usually non-biodegradable and often are used only once before disposal. Since the 1970s, the problem of plastics pollution started to be noticed, and then the first regulations on their production, limiting and management options were introduced. There are several methods preventing the plastics waste going

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2

Leitão, Ana Lúcia, and Francisco J. Enguita. "Structural Insights into Carboxylic Polyester-Degrading Enzymes and Their Functional Depolymerizing Neighbors." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 5 (2021): 2332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052332.

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Esters are organic compounds widely represented in cellular structures and metabolism, originated by the condensation of organic acids and alcohols. Esterification reactions are also used by chemical industries for the production of synthetic plastic polymers. Polyester plastics are an increasing source of environmental pollution due to their intrinsic stability and limited recycling efforts. Bioremediation of polyesters based on the use of specific microbial enzymes is an interesting alternative to the current methods for the valorization of used plastics. Microbial esterases are promising ca

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3

Vimalasiri, P. A. D. T., R. P. Burford, and J. K. Haken. "Chromatographic Analysis of Elastomeric Polyurethanes." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 60, no. 3 (1987): 555–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3536140.

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Abstract Both alkali and acid fusion reactions can be used to cleave polyurethane polymers successfully. Fusion reaction rates are much faster than conventional aqueous alkali or acid fusion methods. Separation of fragments could be carried out using the liquid-liquid extraction procedures described. After quantitative and qualitative analysis of fragments using GC, SEC, and HPLC, chemical structure of the polymer can be established. Although the work described uses only elastomeric polyurethanes for the development of the analytical schemes, these schemes can be used to analyze other types of

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4

Kemona, Aleksandra, and Małgorzata Piotrowska. "Polyurethane Recycling and Disposal: Methods and Prospects." Polymers 12, no. 8 (2020): 1752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12081752.

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Growing water and land pollution, the possibility of exhaustion of raw materials and resistance of plastics to physical and chemical factors results in increasing importance of synthetic polymers waste recycling, recovery and environmentally friendly ways of disposal. Polyurethanes (PU) are a family of versatile synthetic polymers with highly diverse applications. They are class of polymers derived from the condensation of polyisocyanates and polyalcohols. This paper reports the latest developments in the field of polyurethane disposal, recycling and recovery. Various methods tested and applie

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5

Singh, Sanjay Kumar, Abhishek Chowdhury, Rajeev Ranjan Thakur, et al. "Development and characterization of polyvinyl chloride/poly lactic acid blend based biodegradable polymeric films." Materials Express 13, no. 4 (2023): 632–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/mex.2023.2388.

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The present work aimed to decrease the environmental contamination, which is caused by solid non-degradable plastics waste. To overcome this serious global concern, the development, and characterization of a bio-degradable film by blending different proportions of the natural polymers poly lactic acid (PLA) to the conventional petroleum polymer has been done. In this process, PLA was synthesized in the lab by condensation method and polyvinyl chloride (PVC)/PLA blends film was developed by solution casting method with and without adding compatibilizer as poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA). The la

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6

Mustafa Salah Hasan та Ahlam Marouf Al-Azzawi. "Synthesis of New Bismaleimide Homopolymer and Copolymers Derived from 4, 4ˉ-Bis[4-(N-maleimidyl) Phenyl Schiff Base] Tolidine". Ibn AL-Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences 37, № 1 (2024): 298–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.30526/37.1.3264.

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Polyimides are widely used in high-temperature plastics, adhesives, dielectrics, photoresists, nonlinear optical materials, separation membrane materials, and Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films. They are commonly regarded as the most heat-resistant polymers. This work involved the synthesis of a new bismaleimide homopolymer and copolymer by performing many steps. The synthesis of compound (1) (bis [4-(amino phenyl) Schiff base] tolidine) via condensation of o-tolidine with two moles of 4-aminoacetophenone. Secondly, compound (1) was combined with maleic anhydride to form compound (2) (4, 4ˉ-bis[4-(N

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7

Barreiro-Sisto, Uxía, Sandra Fernández-Fariña, María Isabel Fernández-García, Ana M. González-Noya, Isabel Velo-Heleno, and Marcelino Maneiro. "Electrochemical Conversion of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-Furandicarboxaldehyde Using Mn(III)–Schiff Base Catalysts." Inorganics 13, no. 2 (2025): 30. https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics13020030.

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2,5-furandicarboxaldehyde (DFF) is one of the most promising biomass-based building blocks for the synthesis of biobased polymers. DFF can be obtained from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), a fructose derivate, and it is a key molecule in the sequence of reactions of furan chemistry to develop biobased plastics. In this frame, four manganese(III)–Schiff base complexes 1–4 have been obtained. The general formula for the complexes, MnLn(OCN)(H2O/CH3OH)m (Ln being the Schiff base ligands L1–L4, formed as the result of the condensation of different substituted hydroxybenzaldehydes with diverse diamin

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8

Chofifawati, Aisyah, Robbi Mauizzatul Hikmah, Nilana Izzati, Lathifah Nurul Fauzi, Tara Puri Ducha Rahmani, and Arnia Sari Mukaromah. "Potential of biological agents (Pseudomonas sp.) in plastic waste biodegradation process." Jurnal Biolokus 5, no. 2 (2023): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.30821/biolokus.v5i2.1192.

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<em>Pseudomonas sp.</em> can degrade plastics because it has an inducible operon system that produces certain enzymes (esterase, serine, hydrolase, and lipase) in the process of carbon source metabolism. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of <em>Pseudomonas sp.</em> as a plastic biodegradation agent. This research method is a systematic literature review which is carried out by collecting, understanding, analyzing and concluding as many as 30 national and international journal articles published from 2008 to 2022 from several search engines such as

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9

Carraher, Charles E. "Condensation Metallocene Polymers." Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials 15, no. 1 (2005): 121–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10904-004-2382-6.

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10

Maślanka, S., J. Juszczyński, T. Kraszewski, and W. Oleksy. "Properties of polylactide, obtained from lactic acid in the process of lactic fermentation of lactose in whey post production (waste)." Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 2, no. 90 (2018): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.8384.

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Purpose: This publication provides a description of RDC Glokor’s own research into the effectiveness of the lactic fermentation process of lactose, lactic acid concentration and polylactide (PLA) production by ring-opening polymerization obtained from the condensation of two molecules of lactic acid. Furthermore, this publication sets out to determine potential applications of the PLA as a commercial material with a selection of thermal properties. Design/methodology/approach: In the described research works, a lactic fermentation process was used in which lactose is converted to lactic acid w

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11

Sharma, Vinay, and P. P. Kundu. "Condensation polymers from natural oils." Progress in Polymer Science 33, no. 12 (2008): 1199–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2008.07.004.

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12

Rusanov, Alexander L., Ludmila G. Komarova, Tatyana S. Sheveleva, et al. "TNT-Based condensation monomers and polymers." Macromolecular Symposia 122, no. 1 (1997): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.19971220120.

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13

Vasnev, V. A., G. D. Markova, M. L. Keshtov, A. S. Peregudov, and A. R. Khokhlov. "Biomimetic condensation copolyesters." Polymer Science Series A 48, no. 8 (2006): 773–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0965545x06080013.

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14

Feast, W. J., and J. Tsibouklis. "The self-condensation of 4-bromopyridine." Polymer International 35, no. 1 (1994): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.1994.210350107.

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15

Ricos, Hernán E., Raúl G. Barraza, and Irma C. Gamboa. "Polyelectrolyte solutions. Electrical conductivity and counterion condensation." Polymer International 31, no. 2 (1993): 213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.4990310213.

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16

Dauty, Emmanuel, and Jean-Paul Behr. "Monomolecular condensation of DNA by cationic detergents." Polymer International 52, no. 4 (2003): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.1150.

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17

Shul'gina, E. S., S. A. Golenishcheva, and E. K. Rzhekhina. "Polymeric Coatings for Protecting Transparent Materials against Condensation." International Polymer Science and Technology 29, no. 9 (2002): 84–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0307174x0202900918.

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18

Grubisic-Gallot, Z., F. Schosseler, P. Lixon, and B. Cabane. "Size distribution of polymers in sol-gel condensation." Macromolecules 25, no. 14 (1992): 3733–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00040a020.

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19

Boz, Emine, Alexander J. Nemeth, Ion Ghiviriga, Keesu Jeon, Rufina G. Alamo, and Kenneth B. Wagener. "Precision Ethylene/Vinyl Chloride Polymers via Condensation Polymerization." Macromolecules 40, no. 18 (2007): 6545–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma070933g.

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20

Tung, L. H. "A stepwise scheme for the calculation of molecular weight distribution in condensation polymers. I. Scheme for monomolecular condensation polymers." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 49, no. 8 (1993): 1353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070490803.

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21

Tung, L. H. "A stepwise scheme for the calculation of molecular weight distribution in condensation polymers. II. Scheme for bimolecular condensation polymers." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 50, no. 3 (1993): 381–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070500302.

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22

Chai, Chun-Peng, Yun-Pu Wang, Rong-Min Wang, Hong-Xia Ren, and Cheng-Jun Hao. "Condensation polymers of dicyclopentadienyl iron with aromatic diazoium salts and magnetism." Polymers for Advanced Technologies 15, no. 12 (2004): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.446.

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23

Maravigna, Pietro. "Thermally stable polymers by condensation of diphenols with glyoxal." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 26, no. 9 (1988): 2475–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1988.080260918.

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24

WIRPSZA, ZYGMUNT, and ANITA BIALKOWSKA. "Segmented condensation polyether urethanes as components of leatherlike polymers." Polimery 47, no. 05 (2002): 347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2002.347.

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25

Shcherbakova, Galina I., Maxim K. Shaukhin, Natalia B. Kutinova, et al. "Condensation of Organoyttriumoxanalumoxanes with Chromium Acetylacetonate." Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials 31, no. 8 (2021): 3460–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10904-021-02026-w.

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26

Shevchuk, S. A., V. F. Lazarev, and L. G. Lazareva. "Study of the Possibility of Deep Condensation of Methylene Chloride." International Polymer Science and Technology 32, no. 2 (2005): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0307174x0503200204.

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27

Bennevault-Celton, Véronique, Olek Maciejak, Bernard Desmazières, and Hervé Cheradame. "Condensation of alkoxysilanes in alcoholic media: I. Oligomerization of dimethyldiethoxysilane." Polymer International 59, no. 1 (2009): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.2687.

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28

Fakirov, S. "Condensation Polymers: Their Chemical Peculiarities Offer Great Opportunities." Progress in Polymer Science 89 (February 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.09.003.

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29

Rusanov, Alexandre L. "Condensation polymers based on chloral and its derivatives." Progress in Polymer Science 19, no. 4 (1994): 589–662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0079-6700(94)90029-9.

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30

Rusanov, A. L., V. A. Tartakovskiy, S. A. Shevelev, et al. "New condensation aromatic polymers containing phenoxy, thiophenoxy, and phenylsulphone side groups." Polymer 41, no. 13 (2000): 5021–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-3861(99)00564-9.

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31

Mikami, Koichiro, Masataka Nojima, Yui Masumoto та ін. "Catalyst-dependent intrinsic ring-walking behavior on π-face of conjugated polymers". Polymer Chemistry 8, № 10 (2017): 1708–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6py01934j.

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32

Donati, Ivan, Julio C. Benegas, Attilio Cesàro, and Sergio Paoletti. "Specific Interactions versus Counterion Condensation. 2. Theoretical Treatment within the Counterion Condensation Theory." Biomacromolecules 7, no. 5 (2006): 1587–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bm050981d.

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33

Chen, Rubie, and Guoxiong Wu. "Self-condensation of oxidized lignosulfonate. II. Condensation behaviors." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 42, no. 7 (1991): 2073–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070420735.

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34

Higuchi, Mitsuo, Takehiro Yoshimatsu, Takashi Urakawa, and Mitsuhiro Morita. "Kinetics and Mechanisms of the Condensation Reactions of Phenolic Resins II. Base-Catalyzed Self-Condensation of 4-Hydroxymethylphenol." Polymer Journal 33, no. 10 (2001): 799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/polymj.33.799.

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35

Pickett, James E., and Dennis J. Coyle. "Hydrolysis kinetics of condensation polymers under humidity aging conditions." Polymer Degradation and Stability 98, no. 7 (2013): 1311–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.04.001.

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36

Gorda, K. R., and D. G. Peiffer. "Star-shaped condensation polymers: Synthesis, characterization, and blend properties." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 50, no. 11 (1993): 1977–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070501115.

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37

Katovic, Drago, and Ivo Soljacic. "Effect of Condensation Temperature on Formaldehyde Release from Durable Press Fabrics." Textile Research Journal 58, no. 9 (1988): 552–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051758805800910.

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We investigated formaldehyde release from cotton and polyester/cotton materials treated with DMEU and DMDHEU resins at different condensation temperatures. In the samples treated with DMEU, the amount of free formaldehyde was greater at lower condensation temperatures. Samples treated with DMDHEU gave similar results when the AATCC method for determining formaldehyde was used, but when the MITI method was used, the condensation temperature-formaldehyde curves showed a minimum at about 140°C. The release of formaldehyde is a slow process, because both methods gave similar curves when longer ext

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38

Rusanov, A. L., and N. M. Belomoina. "Aromatic condensation monomers and polymers containing quinoxal-2,3-diyl groups." Polymer Science Series B 53, no. 5-6 (2011): 223–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1560090411050071.

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39

Minsky, Burcu Baykal, Anand Atmuri, Igor A. Kaltashov, and Paul L. Dubin. "Counterion Condensation on Heparin Oligomers." Biomacromolecules 14, no. 4 (2013): 1113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bm400006g.

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40

Sawada, Tadanobu, Hiroyuki Ishii, Toyotoshi Ueda, et al. "GLYCEROL CONDENSATION PRODUCTS OF AMINOANTHRAQUINONES." Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds 26, no. 2 (2006): 121–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10406630600642410.

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41

Brozova, Tereza, and Miroslav Raudensky. "Determination of surface wettability of polymeric hollow fibres." Journal of Elastomers & Plastics 50, no. 8 (2018): 737–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095244318765041.

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Surface wettability significantly affects the condensation and therefore the heat transfer when condensation occurs. The materials are classified as either hydrophobic or hydrophilic. Materials with a lower contact angle are more suitable for heat transfer applications associated with condensation. The dynamic contact angle is one way to define surface wettability. In this contribution, the Wilhelmy method was used for measuring the force of the interaction of a fibre at the liquid–gas interface. The method is based on immersing a sample in a liquid and then removing it. This study compares th

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42

Borzęcka, Nina H., Bartosz Nowak, Rafał Pakuła, Robert Przewodzki, and Jakub M. Gac. "Cellular Automata Modeling of Silica Aerogel Condensation Kinetics." Gels 7, no. 2 (2021): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels7020050.

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The formation of silica aerogels and the kinetics of condensation were investigated numerically. The influence of the reaction-limited to the diffusion-limited aggregation (RLA to DLA) transition on the reaction kinetics curves and the evolution of the aggregate size distribution during condensation were examined. The 2D cellular automaton was developed and applied to reflect the process of secondary particle aggregation. Several tendencies were observed due to the adjustment of the model parameters: the probability of condensation reaction and the particles’ concentration. The final wet-gel s

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43

Lin, Jiawei, Shuai Bi, Zhongxiong Fan, et al. "A metal-free approach to bipyridinium salt-based conjugated porous polymers with olefin linkages." Polymer Chemistry 12, no. 11 (2021): 1661–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0py01743d.

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A metal-free bipyridinium salt-activated Knoevenagel condensation strategy was developed to synthesize olefin-linked conjugated porous polymers with π-extended networks, positively charged skeletons, high stability and antibacterial activity.

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44

Zhang, Bing, Zhiqiang Tan, Yinhu Zhang, Qingquan Liu, Qianxia Li, and Gen Li. "Facile Synthesis of Microporous Ferrocenyl Polymers Photocatalyst for Degradation of Cationic Dye." Polymers 14, no. 9 (2022): 1900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14091900.

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Microporous organic polymers (MOPs) were prepared by condensation reactions from substituent-group-free carbazole and pyrrole with 1,1′-ferrocenedicarboxaldehyde without adding any catalysts. The resultant MOPs were insoluble in common solvent and characterized by FTIR, XPS, TGA and SEM. An N2 adsorption test showed that the obtained polymers PFcMOP and CFcMOP exhibited Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface areas of 48 and 105 m2 g−1, respectively, and both polymers possessed abundant micropores. The MOPs with a nitrogen and ferrocene unit could be potentially applied in degrading dye with high

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45

Filippi, Sara, Laura Madrigali, Giovanni Polacco, Pierluigi Magagnini, Francesco P. La Mantia, and Domenico Acierno. "Torque-rheometry investigation of model transreactions involving condensation polymers. I. Polyesters." Polymer Engineering & Science 46, no. 2 (2005): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.20451.

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46

Mallakpour, S., and A. Zadehnazari. "Advances in synthetic optically active condensation polymers - A review." Express Polymer Letters 5, no. 2 (2011): 142–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3144/expresspolymlett.2011.15.

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47

Fakirov, S. "The “reptation model” and the melts of condensation polymers." Express Polymer Letters 13, no. 4 (2019): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3144/expresspolymlett.2019.25.

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48

Ryu, Chang Seok, and Kwang-Jea Kim. "Interfacial Adhesion in Silica-Silane Filled NR Composites: A Short Review." Polymers 14, no. 13 (2022): 2705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14132705.

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We reviewed the accelerators, the hydrolysis and condensation reaction mechanism of bifunctional alkoxy silane, and the mechanism of zinc ion in natural rubber (NR) composites. NR composites transform into thermoset composites after vulcanization reaction with help of sulfur and accelerators. Bifunctional alkoxy silanes chemically bond between NR and inorganic silica. For alkoxy silane coupling with silica surface, hydrolysis reaction takes first and then condensation reaction with hydroxyl group in silica takes place. With help of zinc ion the reaction efficiency increases significantly. Zinc

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49

Kuchanov, Semion I. "Principles of theoretical description of microstructure of linear condensation polymers." Macromolecular Symposia 122, no. 1 (1997): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.19971220132.

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50

Tagle, Luis H. "Condensation polymers containing silicon and germanium in the main chain." Macromolecular Symposia 199, no. 1 (2003): 499–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.200350941.

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