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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Polymers and polymerization, Effect of radiation on

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Academic literature on the topic 'Polymers and polymerization, Effect of radiation on'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Polymers and polymerization, Effect of radiation on"

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Ashfaq, Aiysha, Marie-Claude Clochard, Xavier Coqueret, et al. "Polymerization Reactions and Modifications of Polymers by Ionizing Radiation." Polymers 12, no. 12 (2020): 2877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12122877.

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Ionizing radiation has become the most effective way to modify natural and synthetic polymers through crosslinking, degradation, and graft polymerization. This review will include an in-depth analysis of radiation chemistry mechanisms and the kinetics of the radiation-induced C-centered free radical, anion, and cation polymerization, and grafting. It also presents sections on radiation modifications of synthetic and natural polymers. For decades, low linear energy transfer (LLET) ionizing radiation, such as gamma rays, X-rays, and up to 10 MeV electron beams, has been the primary tool to produ

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Ivanova, O. A., N. I. Korotkikh, N. N. Matveev, and V. R. Gitlin. "Effect of radiation and magnetic fields on polymerization and crystallization of polymers." Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics 75, no. 12 (2011): 1686–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s106287381104023x.

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Chia, H. L., J. Jacob, and F. Y. C. Boey. "The microwave radiation effect on the polymerization of styrene." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 34, no. 11 (1996): 2087–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0518(199608)34:11<2087::aid-pola1>3.0.co;2-x.

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Evseev, A. V., and A. N. Nikitin. "Inhibition Effect on Molecular Weight Distribution Generated Under Free Radical Polymerization by Laser Pulses." Laser Chemistry 16, no. 3 (1996): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1996/56492.

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Molecular weight distributions (MWDs) under free radical polymerization initiation by an arbitrary sequence of radiation pulses have been investigated. Analytical expressions enabling to account for influence of the polymer chains linear termination (for example, inhibition) have been obtained. On the basis of these expressions the MWDs generated by pulse-periodic radiation have been investigated theoretically. The calculated MWDs for polymerization in the presence of high concentration of retarder have been given and the influence of the inhibitor burning within the irradiation process on the

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Tarasova, Natalia P., Yury V. Smetannikov, Alexander S. Vilesov, and Alexey A. Zanin. "Role of reaction media in "green" radiation-induced polymerization of white phosphorus." Pure and Applied Chemistry 81, no. 11 (2009): 2115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-08-10-14.

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Phosphorus-containing polymers were synthesized using a "green" radiation-induced reaction at room temperature in the presence of ionic liquids (ILs). The nature of ILs allowed us to adjust the properties of reaction media (dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO–benzene solvents). The effects of various factors on the efficiency of the synthesis of phosphorus-containing polymers are discussed.

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Usanmaz, Ali, and Aylin Beycar Kafadar. "Crystal Structure Effect in Radiation Induced Solid State Polymerization of Methacrylamide." Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 41, no. 4 (2004): 387–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ma-120028474.

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García-Escobar, C. H., M. E. Nicho, Hailin Hu, et al. "Effect of Microwave Radiation on the Synthesis of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) and the Subsequent Photovoltaic Performance of CdS/P3HT Solar Cells." International Journal of Polymer Science 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1926972.

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Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is a semiconductor polymer that has been proved to be a good electron donor in organic or hybrid solar cells. In this work, a detailed study of P3HT synthesis in CH2Cl2solvent by oxidative method with and without MW assistance has been conducted. Effects of synthesis process parameters on the physical properties of P3HT products and their application in hybrid CdS/P3HT photovoltaic devices were studied. It is observed that the use of MW as well as the reaction time affected the reaction yield and properties of the polymer products. It was found that, by the tradit

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Smirnov, Anton K., and Anna B. Shipovskaya. "Synthesis and properties of grafted copolymers of xanthan and glucomannan with acrylic monomers." Izvestiya of Saratov University. Chemistry. Biology. Ecology 23, no. 2 (2023): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2023-23-2-185-196.

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Graft copolymers of polysaccharides with acrylic monomers combine biodegradability, biocompatibility, the environmental friendliness of natural polymers and the increased thermal stability, chemical and mechanical resistance of synthetic polymers. This paper describes our search and analysis of the literature in English for 2002–2022 devoted to the graft polymerization of acrylamide, acrylic acid and 2-acrylamido- 2-methylpropanesulfonic acid onto xanthan and glucomannan macromolecular chains. It has been found that the synthesis of grafted copolymer chains proceeds by a radical polymerization

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El-Neser, E. M. "Effect of chemical structure on the properties of some hydrogels prepared by using gamma radiation polymerization." Polymers for Advanced Technologies 16, no. 6 (2005): 489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.607.

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Mouquinho, Ana, and João Sotomayor. "The Impact of Curing Temperature and UV Light Intensity on the Performance of Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystal Devices Exhibiting a Permanent Memory Effect." Crystals 14, no. 6 (2024): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst14060571.

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PDLC films, synthesized via polymerization-induced phase separation (PIPS) utilizing both temperature and UV monochromatic radiation, were derived from a blend of E7 nematic liquid crystal (LC) and PolyEGDMA875 (polyethyleneglycoldimethacrylate) oligomers, serving as the precursor for the polymeric matrix. The influence of the curing temperature on thermal polymerization, UV light intensity on photochemical polymerization, and exposure time during these processes on the electro-optical characteristics of PDLC films was thoroughly examined. Observations revealed that employing thermal polymeriz

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Polymers and polymerization, Effect of radiation on"

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McHerron, Dale C. "Creation and modification of polymeric materials using electron beam radiation." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39936.

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Nguyen, Duc Ngoc. "Effects of solvents and comonomers on radiation curing and grafting processes /." View thesis, 2002. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20031008.120616/index.html.

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Thesis (PhD) -- University of Western Sydney, 2002.<br>"A candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy." "A thesis submitted in the School of Science, Food and Horticulture, University of Western Sydney." "June 2002" Bibliography: leaves 303 - 305.

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QUEIROZ, ALVARO A. A. de. "Obtencao de copolimeros de enxerto via radiacao ionizante caracterizacao e estudo de suas propriedades hemocompativeis." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1993. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10347.

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Nguyen, Duc Ngoc. "Effects of solvents and comonomers on radiation curing and grafting processes." Thesis, View thesis, 2002. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/712.

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A study has been made on the irradiation induced grafting of MMA to PPE and cellulose subtrates in the presence of various solvents and Irgacure 819 photoinitiator, a new photoinitiator on the market at the commencement of this project. UV is the main irradiation source used. The grafting yields have been found to vary with parameters such as the subtrate types and thickness, MMA concentration, solvents used, Irgacure 819 concentration and UV doses. For the cellulose subtrate, good grafting yields were obtained only when solvents such as methanol and DMF were used. On the contrary, MMA could g

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Zwaneveld, Nikolas Anton Amadeus Chemical Engineering &amp Industrial Chemistry UNSW. "Surface grafting of polymers via living radical polymerization techniques; polymeric supports for combinatorial chemistry." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/33361.

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The use of living radical polymerization methods has shown significant potential to control grafting of polymers from inert polymeric substrates. The objective of this thesis is to create advanced substrates for use in combinatorial chemistry applications through the use of g-radiation as a radical source, and the use of RAFT, ATRP and RATRP living radical techniques to control grafting polymerization. The substrates grafted were polypropylene SynPhase lanterns from Mimotopes and are intended to be used as supports for combinatorial chemistry. ATRP was used to graft polymers to SynPhase lante

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Polat, Ozlem. "Polymerization And Polymer Characterization Of N-vinylcaprolactam." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606681/index.pdf.

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In this study, N-vinylcaprolactam was polymerized by radiation in the solid state. The polymerization was carried out at room temperayure under vacuum and open to atmosphere respectively. The polymerization mechanism showed autoacceleration and the rate of polymerization was higher in the presence of oxygen. However the limiting conversion was 100% under vacuum conditions and 90% in the present of oxygen. This is due to the low molecular weight olgomer formation in the presence of oxygen. The polymers were characterized by FT-IR, NMR, DSC, TGA, Light Scattering, GPC, Viscosity, X_Ray and mass

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Altinsoy, Sule. "Polymerization And Characterization Of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611238/index.pdf.

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N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, NVP, was polymerized by &amp<br>#56256<br>&amp<br>#56394<br>-radiation in the presence of atmospheric oxygen and under vacuum at different periods. Polymerization also conducted by using chemical initiator, &amp<br>#56256<br>&amp<br>#56466<br>-Azoisobutyronitrile, AIBN, in bulk at different temperatures and times. The activation energy for polymerization was found from Arrhenius plot as 31,8 kJ/mol. By using the Fox-Flory equation T&amp<br>#56256<br>&amp<br>#56394<br>and k values calculated for each polymerization methods. The polymer obtained was white gel type. The dif

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ALMEIDA, ARLETE T. "Obtencao de superficies hemocompativeis por meio da modificacao de materiais polimericos pela radiacao ionizante." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2000. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10834.

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Pattenden, Caroline Sarah. "The effect of radiation on the thermal stability of polyisobutylene." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366649.

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Ozdemir, Tonguc. "Effect Of Ionizing Radiation On Different Polymers And Possible Use Of Polymers In Radioactive (nuclear) Waste Management." Phd thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12607296/index.pdf.

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In this study three polymers, namely poly(carbonate urethane), poly(bisphenol-a-epichlorohydrin) and poly(methyl methacrylate), were selected and change of properties with gamma treatment were studied. Two different dose rates were used for irradiations and the properties of the irradiated polymers exposed to same total absorbed dose were compared. In addition, long irradiations of up to about six months with high dose rate were done in order to understand the radiation stability of the polymers, which may be possible candidates for embedding media for low and intermediate level radioactive (n

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Books on the topic "Polymers and polymerization, Effect of radiation on"

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K, Bregg Robert, ed. Horizons in polymer research. Nova Science Publishers, 2005.

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1949-, Clough Roger L., Shalaby Shalaby W, American Chemical Society. Division of Polymer Chemistry., and American Chemical Society Meeting, eds. Radiation effects on polymers. American Chemical Society, 1991.

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W, Clegg D., and Collyer A. A, eds. Irradiation effects on polymers. Elsevier Applied Science, 1991.

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Heger, Adolf. Technologie der Strahlenchemie von Polymeren. Hanser, 1990.

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Singh, Jag J. Effect of annealing history on free volume in thermoplastics. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1986.

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Singh, Jag J. Effect of annealing history on free volume in thermoplastics. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1986.

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W, Lauver Richard, and Lewis Research Center, eds. Effect of substituted phenylnadimides on processing and properties of PMR polyimide composites. Lewis Research Center, 1985.

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1921-, Benoît Henri, ed. Polymers and neutron scattering. Clarendon Press, 1994.

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S, Okamura, ed. Recent trends in radiation polymer chemistry. Springer-Verlag, 1993.

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1953-, Reichmanis Elsa, O'Donnell James H, American Chemical Society. Division of Polymer Chemistry., and Royal Australian Chemical Institute. Polymer Division., eds. The Effects of radiation on high-technology polymers. American Chemical Society, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Polymers and polymerization, Effect of radiation on"

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Gooch, Jan W. "Radiation Polymerization." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_9730.

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Ivanov, V. S., and E. A. Koroleva. "Radiation-induced Polymerization." In Radiation Chemistry of Polymers. CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429071003-3.

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Sharma, Kashma, Vishal Sharma, and Vijay Kumar. "Synthesis of Hydrogels by Modification of Natural Polysaccharides Through Radiation Cross-Linking Polymerization for Use in Drug Delivery." In Radiation Effects in Polymeric Materials. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05770-1_8.

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Seguchi, Tadao. "EPR Application to Polymers: Radiation Induced Crosslinking and Graft Polymerization." In Applications of EPR in Radiation Research. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09216-4_10.

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Ivin, K. J. "Tacticity in Polymers Initiated by Metathesis Polymerization: Effect of Catalyst." In Olefin Metathesis and Polymerization Catalysts. Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3328-9_7.

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Tabata, Yoneho. "Heterogeneous Nature of Radiation Effect on Polymers." In ACS Symposium Series. American Chemical Society, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1993-0527.ch003.

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Soares, João B. P., and Vasileios Touloupidis. "Polymerization Kinetics and the Effect of Reactor Residence Time on Polymer Microstructure." In Multimodal Polymers with Supported Catalysts. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03476-4_4.

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Lizymol, P. P., C. Vibha, D. R. Deepu, and Sonalilaxman Waghmare. "Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Polymerization Shrinkage and Mechanical Properties of ORMO-48." In Bio-Based Polymers and Composites. Apple Academic Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781032669243-10.

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Siyam, T., and Z. H. Abd-Elatif. "Template Polymerization of Dimethylaminoethyl Methacrylate in the Presence of Poly(Acrylamide-Acrylic Acid) Induced by Gamma Radiation and its use for Removal of Metal Ions." In Science and Technology of Polymers and Advanced Materials. Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0112-5_15.

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"Radiation polymerization." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers. Springer New York, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30160-0_9550.

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Conference papers on the topic "Polymers and polymerization, Effect of radiation on"

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Demadis, Kostas D., Aggeliki Stathoulopoulou, and Antonia Ketsetzi. "Inhibition and Control of Colloidal Silica: Can Chemical Additives Untie the "Gordian Knot" of Scale Formation?" In CORROSION 2007. NACE International, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2007-07058.

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Abstract Colloidal silica is one of the most unwanted deposits in the water treatment industry. Its control is a complicated issue and the decision on which control method to apply is frequently based on a number of factors. Our goal is the discovery, design and application of organic additives (preferably “green” and environmentally friendly) that have some effect on silicate polymerization. This paper reports the inhibition efficiency of a variety of polymeric additives and some combinations in retarding silicate polymerization is supersaturated aqueous solutions. There are three classes of

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Hong, Jian, Dragana Radojcic, and Zoran Petrovic. "The Effect of Structure Regularity of Natural Oils on Properties of Oil-based Epoxy Resins." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/whdh9748.

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One issue when utilizing natural oils as raw materials for preparing polymers in comparison with petrochemical starting materials is their complexity. Standard natural oils have typically very heterogeneous structure, which is reflected on properties of polymers. However, oils with regular structure such as high oleic oils, offer high degree of regularity approaching that of triolein. Cationic polymerization of epoxidized oils was carried in bulk using tris (pentafuorophenyl)borane. Epoxy resin made solely from epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) was compared with that from epoxidized high oleic alga

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Liu, Xin, Mhamed Boutaous, and Shihe Xin. "Modeling the Radiative Heat Transfer in Selective Laser Sintering of Polymers: Scattering Effect." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-50611.

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A numerical model, coupling radiative and conductive heat transfer in a polymer powder bed and providing a local temperature field, is proposed. To simulate the polymer sintering by laser heating as in additive manufacturing, a double-lines scanning of a laser beam over a thin layer of polymer powder is studied. An effective volumetric heat source, using a modified Monte Carlo method, is estimated from laser radiation scattering and absorption in a semi-transparent polymer powder bed. In order to quantify the laser-polymer interaction, the heating and cooling of the material is modeled and sim

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Ehrlich, D. J., and J. Y. Tsao. "UV-Laser Photodeposition of Patterned Catalyst Films from Adsorbate Mixtures*." In Microphysics of Surfaces, Beams, and Adsorbates. Optica Publishing Group, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/msba.1985.wc3.

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It has been demonstrated in recent studies that laser-induced photochemical modifications of surface properties can be used in combination with nonlinear kinetics and interfacial chemistry for maskless patterning of thin films by selected-area growth.1-3 With one exception,3 these new techniques have relied on photochemical lowering of surface-tension barriers to physical condensation, e.g., prenucleation; laser-modification of chemical surface properties will have practical advantages over the use of physical barriers, particularly on surfaces with previously defined structures and crystallin

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Abyzova, E. G., E. M. Dogadina, E. N. Bolbasov та ін. "Biodegradable polymer/graphene oxide сomposite for in vivo use". У 8th International Congress on Energy Fluxes and Radiation Effects. Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56761/efre2022.n4-p-955301.

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Recently, there has been a growing need for the installation of implants to monitor particular processes, stimulate cell growth or activity, or to replace tissues. The use of remote monitoring using biodegradable materials would facilitate the work of doctors, simplify the lives of patients, and also have a beneficial effect on the environment. Remote monitoring would allow monitoring of the tissues around the implant and the condition of the implant itself. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is one of the promising carbon materials due to its distinctive properties: inexpensive, ease of production,

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Nawroj, Ahsan I., John P. Swensen, and Aaron M. Dollar. "Design of a Bulk Conductive Polymer Using Embedded Macroscopic Copper Cells." In ASME 2013 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2013-3155.

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This paper introduces a technique of inducing bulk conductivity in a polymer. The technique uses coiled copper ‘cells’ embedded into a polymer during fabrication which can subsequently create highly redundant series-parallel networks. The preceding body of work aimed to improve the conductivity of non-conducting polymers by embedding particulates (of metal, carbon, etc.) into the polymer, or by altering the polymerization chemistry to incorporate conductive elements. The technique described here keeps the process independent of the specific polymer chosen by not relying on the polymerization c

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Chen, Shaohua, Tianping Huang, Ming Han, and Abdulkareem AlSofi. "An Enhanced Synergistic Effect in Surfactant-Polymer Flooding Under High-Temperature and High-Salinity Conditions." In Middle East Oil, Gas and Geosciences Show. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/213399-ms.

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Abstract Two hydrophobically associating polyacrylamide (HAPAM) polymers were synthesized through free-radical micellar polymerization using different hydrophobic monomers. One polymer product – HAPAM-1 contains a linear alkyl chain, and the other one HAPAM-2 bears an aromatic group which is more compact comparing the alkyl hydrocarbons. The properties of both polymer solutions were investigated in high-salinity water (HSW). The interaction between the polymers and a non-ionic surfactant – dodecyl glucopyranoside (DDG) was studied in the HSW at 50 °C using formulations composed of 2 g/L polyme

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Hongda, Li, S. Sosnovskiy, A. Pushkarev, V. Sachkov, and N. Golovkov. "Decomposition of SF6 in the plasma medium of an electron beam." In 8th International Congress on Energy Fluxes and Radiation Effects. Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56761/efre2022.s4-o-052301.

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Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is commonly used as an etching/etching-aid gas in fabricating the submicrometer features of modern integrated circuits because it has a higher fluorine content than CF4 but does not undergo polymerization. However, the destruction of SF6 has attracted much interest because of the important environmental issues and the toxicity of sulfur compounds. The results of experimental study of plasmachemical processes which are flowing past at injection of a high-current pulsed electron beam in a mixture of the gases SF6, H2, N2, O2 and Ar are introduced. Effective excitation o

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Elsner, A. L., C. Kunde, W. Togrund, K. Bobzin, W. Wietheger, and E. Burbaum. "UV-Dual Curing Sealers for Short Cycling Times of Thermally Sprayed Parts." In ITSC2021, edited by F. Azarmi, X. Chen, J. Cizek, et al. ASM International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2021p0346.

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Abstract The advantages of UV-curing polymers are well known and used in various coating and adhesive applications. Curing times of a few seconds and long application windows allowing an increased throughput in series production. The use of UV-curing polymers in sealers is beneficial, but so far insufficient due to only surface curing. With a newly developed dual-cure mechanism in sealers, it is now possible to combine deep penetration curing and surface curing. The hybrid sealers combine radical polymerization with subsequent polyaddition or polycondensation. The development of sealers for th

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Korayem, Abd-Elrahman, Hamid Mohammadi, and Roozbeh Dargazany. "Experimental Investigation on the Performance Loss of Cross-Linked Polymers During Photo-Oxidative Aging." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24318.

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Abstract Polymeric substances have seen an unprecedented integration in countless applications and fields of life, subjecting them to a broad range of environmental conditions, which can cause a form of damage to the structural and mechanical properties of these components known as aging. In this study we investigate the effects of the degradation of polymeric materials due to the extended exposure to sunlight, which can be simulated through controlled photo-oxidative aging using ultraviolet (UV) radiation as the main catalyst of this phenomenon. The effects on mechanical behavior and chemical

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Reports on the topic "Polymers and polymerization, Effect of radiation on"

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Chirachanchai, Suwabun. A New approach for the synthesis of advanced polymers by stereochemically controlled structure using inclusion polymerization technique. Chulalongkorn University, 1999. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.1999.73.

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Inclusion compound of deoxycholic acid (DCA) host molecule and vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) guest molecule is prepared from solvent free DCA crystal via guest insertion technique. Solvent free DCA inclusion compound is achieved from a series of DCA-solvent guest, i.e., ethylacetate, dioxane, o- and p-xylene. X-ray diffraction, FT-IR and thermal analysis results indicate that vinyl chloride monomer is entrapped and stabilized in DCA crystal in solvent free DCA. Guest releasing peak of DCA-VCM is confirmed at ca. 40-60 degree Celsius. Inclusion polymerization is accomplished from the [gamma]-rad

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Bendikov, Michael, and Thomas C. Harmon. Development of Agricultural Sensors Based on Conductive Polymers. United States Department of Agriculture, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7591738.bard.

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Abstract:

In this 1-year feasibility study, we tried polymerization of several different monomers, commercial as well as novel, specially designed and synthesized for this project in the presence of the nitrate ion to produce imprinted conductive polymers. Polymers 1 and 2 (shown below) produced a response to nitrate, but one inferior to that produced by a polypyrrole (Ppy)-based sensor (which we demonstrated prior to this study). Thus, we elected to proceed with improving the stability of the Ppy-based sensor. In order to improve stability of the Ppy-based sensor, we created a two-layer design which in

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