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Journal articles on the topic 'Polymers and polymerization Ziegler-Natta catalysts. Polypropylene'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Zhang, He-xin, Byeong-Gwang Shin, Dong-Eun Lee, and Keun-Byoung Yoon. "Preparation of PP/2D-Nanosheet Composites Using MoS2/MgCl2- and BN/MgCl2-Bisupported Ziegler–Natta Catalysts." Catalysts 10, no. 6 (2020): 596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10060596.

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Polypropylene/molybdenum disulfied (PP/MoS2) and Polypropylene/hexagonal boron nitride (PP/hBN) nanocomposites with varying concentration (0–6 wt %) were fabricated via in situ polymerization using two-dimensional (2D)-nanosheet/MgCl2-supported Ti-based Ziegler–Natta catalysts, which was prepared through a novel coagglomeration method. For catalyst preparation and interfacial interaction, MoS2 and hBN were modified with octadecylamine (ODA) and octyltriethoxysilane (OTES), respectively. Compared with those of pristine PP, thermal stability of composites was 70 °C higher and also tensile streng

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2

Shamiria, Ahmad, M. A. Hussaina, Farouq Mjallic, and Navid Mostoufid. "Comparative simulation study of gas-phase propylene polymerization in fluidized bed reactors using aspen polymers and two phase models." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 19, no. 1 (2013): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq111214038s.

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A comparative study describing gas-phase propylene polymerization in fluidized-bed reactors using Ziegler-Natta catalyst is presented. The reactor behavior was explained using a two-phase model (which is based on principles of fluidization) as well as simulation using the Aspen Polymers process simulator. The two-phase reactor model accounts for the emulsion and bubble phases which contain different portions of catalysts with the polymerization occurring in both phases. Both models predict production rate, molecular weight, polydispersity index (PDI) and melt flow index (MFI) of the polymer. W

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3

Llinas, Geraldo Hidalgo, S. H. Dong, Daniel T. Mallin, et al. "Homogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalysts. 17. Crystalline-amorphous block polypropylene and nonsymmetric ansa-metallocene catalyzed polymerization." Macromolecules 25, no. 4 (1992): 1242–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00030a007.

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4

Steinmetz, B., B. Weimann, G. Fink, and B. Tesche. "SIO2-Supported Metallocene Catalysts for Propene Polymerization: Electron Microscopic Studies and Tomographical Reconstructions of Polymer Growth." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (2000): 1126–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600038125.

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Summary:The polypropylene growth process on silica supported metallocene catalysts was examined by electron microscopy and kinetic investigations. It was possible to identify different polymerization stages with different characteristic kinetic data in the slurry phase which led to the development of a refined polymer growth model [1-2]. Tomographical reconstruction of shortly polymerized catalyst particles obtained by electron micrographs of serial microtome sections turned out to be a useful tool to achieve a better understanding of the heterogeneous polymerization process and the influence

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5

Li, Kang, Hangsheng Zhou, Yawei Qin, Ying Zhao, Dujin Wang та Jin-Yong Dong. "ω-Alkenylmethyldichlorosilane-assisted propylene polymerization with Ziegler-Natta catalyst to long chain-branched polypropylene". Polymer 202 (серпень 2020): 122737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122737.

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6

Alshaiban, Ahmad, and João B. P. Soares. "Effect of Varying Hydrogen Concentration, External Donor Concentration, and Temperature on Propylene Polymerization Kinetics and Microstructure of Polypropylene Made with a 4th Generation Ziegler-Natta Catalyst." Macromolecular Reaction Engineering 8, no. 10 (2014): 723–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mren.201400028.

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7

Fu, Zhisheng, Junting Xu, Yanzhong Zhang, and Zhiqiang Fan. "Chain structure and mechanical properties of polyethylene/polypropylene/poly(ethylene-co-propylene)in-reactor alloys synthesized with a spherical Ziegler-Natta catalyst by gas-phase polymerization." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 97, no. 2 (2005): 640–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.21805.

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8

Fu, Zhisheng, Qi Dong, Na Li, Zhiqiang Fan, and Junting Xu. "Influence of polymerization conditions on the structure and properties of polyethylene/polypropylene in-reactor alloy synthesized in the gas phase with a spherical Ziegler–Natta catalyst." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 101, no. 4 (2006): 2136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.22429.

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9

Poorsank, Fatemeh, Hassan Arabi, and Nona Ghasemi Hamedani. "Silyl diol ester as a new selectivity control agent in MgCl2-supported Ziegler–Natta systems for propylene polymerization: catalyst structure and polymer properties." RSC Advances 9, no. 13 (2019): 7420–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra00715f.

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In this study, bis(benzoyloxy)dimethylsilane (SDE) was developed as a non-phthalate selectivity control agent (internal donor (ID) and external donor (ED)) in MgCl<sub>2</sub>-supported Ziegler–Natta (ZN) systems for polypropylene polymerization.

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10

Zhang, Zhen, Baiyu Jiang, Feng He, Zhisheng Fu, Junting Xu, and Zhiqiang Fan. "Comparative Study on Kinetics of Ethylene and Propylene Polymerizations with Supported Ziegler–Natta Catalyst: Catalyst Fragmentation Promoted by Polymer Crystalline Lamellae." Polymers 11, no. 2 (2019): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11020358.

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The kinetic behaviors of ethylene and propylene polymerizations with the same MgCl2-supported Ziegler–Natta (Z–N) catalyst containing an internal electron donor were compared. Changes of polymerization activity and active center concentration ([C*]) with time in the first 10 min were determined. Activity of ethylene polymerization was only 25% of that of propylene, and the polymerization rate (Rp) quickly decayed with time (tp) in the former system, in contrast to stable Rp in the latter. The ethylene system showed a very low [C*]/[Ti] ratio (<0.6%), in contrast to a much higher [C*]/[Ti] r

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11

Varshouee, Gholam Hossain, Amir Heydarinasab, Ali Vaziri, and Seyed Mehdi Ghafelebashi Zarand. "Determination of optimal reaction temperature and hydrogen amount for propylene polymerization by a mathematical model." Kemija u industriji 68, no. 3-4 (2019): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15255/kui.2018.038.

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Regarding the complexity of Ziegler-Natta catalyst kinetics in polypropylene polymerization, so far, there is no adequate model to determine the best process conditions for predicting average molecular weight and dispersity as the most crucial final product properties index. Consequently, a validated model has been developed which describes the relationship between the kinetic model and the existing gap using the polymer moment balance approach. It was concluded that increasing reaction temperature and hydrogen amount are useful and improve the final product indices to a certain limit, but aft

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12

GEHRKE, K., U. GEBAUER, and S. ENGELMANN. "Isoprene polymerization with Ziegler-Natta catalysts." Polimery 34, no. 06/07 (1989): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.1989.259.

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13

Corradini, Paolo. "New Ziegler-Natta polymerization catalysts and new polymers." Makromolekulare Chemie. Macromolecular Symposia 66, no. 1 (1993): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.19930660104.

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14

de Santa Maria, Luiz Claudio, Fernanda M. B. Coutinho, Marcos L. Dias, and Maria C. M. Gonçalves. "Ethylene polymerization with heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalysts." Polymer Bulletin 34, no. 5-6 (1995): 563–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00423352.

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15

Nowlin, T. E., R. I. Mink, F. Y. Lo, and T. Kumar. "Ziegler–Natta catalysts on silica for ethylene polymerization." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 29, no. 8 (1991): 1167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1991.080290810.

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16

Kakugo, Masahiro, Hajime Sadatoshi, Jiro Sakai, and Masakazu Yokoyama. "Growth of polypropylene particles in heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta polymerization." Macromolecules 22, no. 7 (1989): 3172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00197a046.

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17

Napoli, Mariagrazia, Chiara Costabile, Stefania Pragliola, and Pasquale Longo. "Closing Cycles withC2-Symmetric Ziegler−Natta Polymerization Catalysts." Macromolecules 38, no. 13 (2005): 5493–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma050151s.

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18

FAN, Lina, Lijun DU, Haibo HUANG, et al. "ETHYLENE POLYMERIZATION WITH CORE-SHELL ZIEGLER-NATTA HYBRID CATALYSTS." Acta Polymerica Sinica 010, no. 8 (2010): 981–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1105.2010.09293.

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19

Marathe, Sujata, Thekke Pangil Mohandas, and Swaminathan Sivaram. "Polymerization of 2-allylnorbornane using Ziegler-Natta catalysts: Homopolymerization." Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 196, no. 11 (1995): 3813–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1995.021961131.

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20

Busico, Vincenzo, Roberta Cipullo, Nic Friederichs, et al. "Block Copolymers of Highly Isotactic Polypropylene via Controlled Ziegler−Natta Polymerization." Macromolecules 37, no. 22 (2004): 8201–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma048144b.

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21

Bahri-Laleh, Naeimeh, Ahad Hanifpour, Seyed Amin Mirmohammadi, et al. "Computational modeling of heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalysts for olefins polymerization." Progress in Polymer Science 84 (September 2018): 89–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.06.005.

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22

Endo, Kiyoshi, Kazuyoshi Fujii, and Takayuki Otsu. "Polymerization of 3,5,5-trimethyl-1-hexene with Ziegler-Natta catalysts." Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 195, no. 6 (1994): 1913–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1994.021950603.

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23

Vizzini, James, Francesco Ciardelli та James C. W. Chien. "Stereoselective polymerization of α-olefins by heterogeneous chiral Ziegler-Natta catalysts". Macromolecules 25, № 1 (1992): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00027a018.

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24

Marathe, S., T. P. Mohandas, and S. Sivaram. "Polymerization of 2-Allylnorbornane Using Ziegler-Natta Catalysts: Copolymerization with Ethylene." Macromolecules 28, no. 22 (1995): 7318–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00126a005.

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25

Chaplin, R. P., R. P. Burford, G. J. Tory, and S. Kirby. "An investigation of supported Ziegler-Natta catalysts for the polymerization of butadiene." Polymer 28, no. 8 (1987): 1418–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(87)90461-7.

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26

Kissin, Y. V., R. I. Mink, and T. E. Nowlin. "Ethylene polymerization reactions with Ziegler-Natta catalysts. I. Ethylene polymerization kinetics and kinetic mechanism." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 37, no. 23 (1999): 4255–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0518(19991201)37:23<4255::aid-pola2>3.0.co;2-h.

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27

Kissin, Y. V., R. I. Mink, T. E. Nowlin, and A. J. Brandolini. "Ethylene polymerization reactions with Ziegler-Natta catalysts. III. Chain-end structures and polymerization mechanism." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 37, no. 23 (1999): 4281–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0518(19991201)37:23<4281::aid-pola4>3.0.co;2-6.

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28

Endo, Kiyoshi, and Takayuki Otsu. "Monomer-isomerization polymerization. XXII.. Isomerization and polymerization of propenylbenzene with various ziegler–natta catalysts." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24, no. 7 (1986): 1615–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1986.080240719.

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29

Jiang, Tao, and Xiang Lu Gao. "Preparation of Polyethylene with Vanadium/Titanium Bi-Metal Ziegler-Natta Catalysts." Applied Mechanics and Materials 665 (October 2014): 335–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.665.335.

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The catalyst with magnesium chloride supported vanadium/titanium bimetallic Ziegler-Natta catalysts has been prepared. The effects of V/Ti molar ratio and dosage of α-olefin on catalytic activity of ethylene polymerization were investigated. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC),13C-NMR spectra and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis were performed to characterize the polymers. The results indicated that the bimetallic catalyst system produced PE with broad and bimodal MWD.

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30

Pragliola, Stefania, Marco Cipriano, Antonella Caterina Boccia, and Pasquale Longo. "Polymerization of Phenyl-1,3-butadienes in the Presence of Ziegler-Natta Catalysts." Macromolecular Rapid Communications 23, no. 5-6 (2002): 356–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3927(20020401)23:5/6<356::aid-marc356>3.0.co;2-v.

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31

Lu, H. L., S. Hong, and T. C. Chung. "Synthesis of polypropylene-co-p-methylstyrene copolymers by metallocene and Ziegler-Natta catalysts." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 37, no. 15 (1999): 2795–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0518(19990801)37:15<2795::aid-pola14>3.0.co;2-l.

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32

CZAJA, KRYSTYNA, and BARBARA DAWIDOWSKA. "Effect of hydrogen on the polymerization of ethylene with Ziegler-Natta catalysts." Polimery 40, no. 03 (1995): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.1995.155.

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33

CZAJA, KRYSTYNA, and MARZENA BIALEK. "Polymerization of olefins in the presence of Ziegler-Natta catalysts containing VOCl3." Polimery 41, no. 07/08 (1996): 412–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.1996.412.

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34

Kovaleva, N. Yu, Yu A. Gavrilov, and L. A. Novokshonova. "The structure and reactivity of supported Ziegler-Natta catalysts in olefin polymerization." Polimery 42, no. 10 (1997): 616–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.1997.616.

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35

Nakatani, Hisayuki, Koh-hei Nitta, Toshikazu Takata, and Kazuo Soga. "Polymerization of 4-n-alkylstyrenes with typical Ziegler-Natta and metallocene catalysts." Polymer Bulletin 38, no. 1 (1997): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002890050017.

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36

Kissin, Yury V. "Peculiarities of Ethylene Polymerization Reactions with Heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta Catalysts: Kinetic Analysis." Macromolecular Theory and Simulations 11, no. 1 (2002): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3919(20020101)11:1<67::aid-mats67>3.0.co;2-y.

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37

Fu, Ting, Zhen Liu, Ruihua Cheng, Xuelian He, Zhou Tian, and Boping Liu. "Ethylene Polymerization over MgCl2/SiO2Bi-Supported Ziegler-Natta Hybrid Titanium/Vanadium Catalysts." Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 218, no. 13 (2017): 1700027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.201700027.

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38

Oh, Se-Young, Fumiteru Oguri, Kazuo Akagi, and Hideki Shirakawa. "Polymerization of 4-phenyl-1-butyne catalyzed by metathesis and Ziegler–Natta catalysts." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 31, no. 3 (1993): 781–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1993.080310324.

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39

Kissin, Yury V., and Robert I. Mink. "Ethylene polymerization reactions with multicenter Ziegler-Natta catalysts-Manipulation of active center distribution." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 48, no. 19 (2010): 4219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.24208.

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40

Zhu, Wei, Zhou Tian, Rui-hua Cheng, et al. "Exploring Si/Mg composite supported Ziegler-Natta Ti-based catalysts for propylene polymerization." Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 35, no. 12 (2017): 1474–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10118-017-1999-1.

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41

Kissin, Y. V., and A. J. Brandolini. "Ethylene polymerization reactions with Ziegler-Natta catalysts. II. Ethylene polymerization reactions in the presence of deuterium." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 37, no. 23 (1999): 4273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0518(19991201)37:23<4273::aid-pola3>3.0.co;2-a.

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42

Endo, Kiyoshi, Hajime Tsujikawa, and Takayuki Otsu. "Monomer-isomerization polymerization. XXIII.. Monomer-isomerization polymerization of 5-phenyl-2-pentene with ziegler–natta catalysts." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24, no. 7 (1986): 1633–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1986.080240721.

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43

Mello, Ivana L., and Fernanda M. B. Coutinho. "Neodymium Ziegler–Natta catalysts: Evaluation of catalyst ageing effect on 1,3-butadiene polymerization." European Polymer Journal 44, no. 9 (2008): 2893–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.06.041.

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44

Marques, Maria de Fatima, Lidiane Almeida, and Kamilla Cruz. "Influence of the Preparation Technique of MgCl2/TiCl4 Ziegler-Natta Catalyst on the Performance in Ethylene and Propylene Polymerization." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 4, no. 4 (2010): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht04.04.291.

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Different methods to remove the alcohol of adduct MgCl2nEtOH were studied to obtain Ziegler-Natta catalysts for evaluation in ethylene and propylene polymerization. Thus, the adduct MgCl2nEtOH was submitted to thermal dealcoholation, as well as chemical dealcoholation with different substances: titanium tetrachloride, triethylaluminum, and dichloro-dimethylsilane. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) were performed to obtain information on the thermal characteristics of adducts and prepared supported catalysts. Ethylene and propylene homopolymerization were carried out with the prepared catalyst

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45

Kissin, Y. V., and L. A. Rishina. "Kinetics of propylene and ethylene polymerization reactions with heterogeneous ziegler-natta catalysts: Recent results." Polymer Science Series A 50, no. 11 (2008): 1101–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0965545x08110023.

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46

Dusseault, John J. A., and Cheng C. Hsu. "MgCI2-Supported Ziegler-Natta Catalysts for Olefin Polymerization: Basic Structure, Mechanism, and Kinetic Behavior." Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part C: Polymer Reviews 33, no. 2 (1993): 103–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15321799308021560.

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47

Oliveira, Renato Jonas Benne de, Juliana da Silva Santos, and Maria de Fátima Vieira Marques. "Preparation of Ziegler-Natta catalysts for the synthesis of polypropylene/carbon nanotubes nanocomposites by in situ polymerization." Polímeros Ciência e Tecnologia 24, ESP (2014): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/polimeros.2014.052.

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48

Balaji, R., H. Kothandaraman, and D. Rajarathnam. "Investigation of kinetics of 4-methylpentene-1 polymerization using Ziegler-Natta-type catalysts." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 88, no. 10 (2003): 2468–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.12051.

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49

Nifant’ev, Ilya, Pavel Ivchenko, Alexander Tavtorkin, Alexey Vinogradov та Alexander Vinogradov. "Non-traditional Ziegler-Natta catalysis in α-olefin transformations: reaction mechanisms and product design". Pure and Applied Chemistry 89, № 8 (2017): 1017–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2016-1131.

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AbstractThis paper describes our recent results in the field of zirconocene-catalyzed α-oltfin transformations, and focuses on questions regarding the reaction mechanism, rational design of zirconocene pre-catalysts, as well as prospective uses of α-olefin products. It has been determined that a wide range of α-olefin-based products, namely vinylidene dimers, oligomers and polymers, can be prepared via catalysis by zirconocene dichlorides, activated by a minimal (10–20 eq.) amount of MAO. We assumed that in the presence of minimal quantities of MAO, various types of zirconocene catalysts form

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50

Lisovskii, Anatoli, Michael Shuster, Michael Gishvoliner, Gershon Lidor, and Moris S. Eisen. "Polymerization of propylene by metallocene and Ziegler-Natta mixed catalytic systems. Study of polypropylene properties." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 36, no. 17 (1998): 3063–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0518(199812)36:17<3063::aid-pola7>3.0.co;2-2.

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