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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Polymers – Toxicology'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 August 2024

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1

Daly, Paul Michael. "Macrophages in vitro as a predictive model in polymer toxicology." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4283.

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Organic polymers S2218600, S2429901 and S2219200 (referred to as Polymer 1, Polymer 2 and Polymer 3, respectively) of varying toxic potential, designed for use in cosmetic aerosols, were used as model substances to predict inflammatory potential. In vivo inflammogenic potential was evaluated by assessment of inflammatory cell profile (alveolar macrophage (AM), polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN)) of broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BAL) 24hrs after a single instillation of either 0.5 mg or 2 mg polymer in Sprague Dawley rats. Pro-inflammatory Minusil particles and non-inflammatory titanium dioxid

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2

Kudupoje, Manoj B. "MOLECULARLY IMPRINTED POLYMERS SYNTHESIZED AS ADSORBENTS FOR ERGOT ALKALOIDS: CHARACTERIZATION AND IN VITRO AND EX VIVO ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTS ON ERGOT ALKALOID BIOAVAILABILITY." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/animalsci_etds/76.

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Alkaloid toxicities negatively impact livestock health and production and are of serious economic concern to animal industries. To date, few strategies have been developed to evaluate alkaloid levels in feed or to counteract alkaloid toxicities. The present research evaluated the applicability of imprinting technology to synthesize polymers that have potential to interact with ergot alkaloids and therefore reduce their bioavailability in the GIT. The studies also evaluated applicability of synthesized polymers for use in the ruminal environment using an in vitro ruminal fermentation model, and

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3

Brendel, Christopher M. "Biocompatibility of Polymer Implants for Medical Applications." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1246892895.

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4

Haire, Kambria K. "Elucidation of the Role of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase in Drug-Induced Toxicity." Thesis, University of South Florida, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3739583.

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<p>Drug toxicity may cause liver injury, resulting in damage to cells and tissues. This damage can lead to cytotoxic events that may result in an activation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). A study was conducted to determine if cocaine and acetaminophen toxicity lead to DNA damage and to the activation of the repair protein, PARP in the liver using the hepatotoxicants: cocaine and acetaminophen (APAP). A dose-response analysis for cocaine concluded that a dose as low as 20 mg/kg resulted in elevated ALT levels. A higher dose of 60 mg/kg was tested for analyses but resulted in severe he

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5

Foose, Daniel Patrick. "Vespucci: A free, cross-platform software tool for spectroscopic data analysis and imaging." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1472823712.

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6

Cumming, Janet L. "Environmental Fate, Aquatic Toxicology and Risk Assessment of Polymeric Quaternary Ammonium Salts from Cosmetic Uses." Thesis, Griffith University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365855.

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The consumption of household and personal care products in Australia is similar to that of more highly regulated agricultural and veterinary chemicals. One class of chemical used in cosmetic applications, polymeric quaternary ammonium salts (polyquaterniums), is thought to have adverse effects on aquatic organisms. These polymers belong to a larger class of polymers, cationic polyelectrolytes, that are widely used in industry, largely for water treatment, and that have been extensively studied and regulated. The cosmetic polyquaterniums, however, have not been subject to the same scrutiny, eve

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7

Le, Bohec Maël. "PEGylated cationic polyacrylates for transfection : synthesis, characterization, DNA complexation and cytotoxicity." Thesis, Le Mans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LEMA1027/document.

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Le développement de la thérapie génique dépend des systèmes utilisés pour le transport de gènes vers les cellules eucaryotes. Les systèmes à base de virus sont les plus efficaces. Cependant, il est urgent de trouver une alternative à de tels systèmes viraux pathogènes et oncogènes. Les polymères cationiques sont des vecteurs synthétiques prometteurs ; toutefois, une question cruciale reste en suspens : quelle structure de polymère cationique visée pour une efficacité de transfection élevée et une faible cytotoxicité ? Face à ce questionnement scientifique, de nouveaux polymères cationiques off

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8

Chan, Nelson Lap Shun. "IDENTIFICATION OF ACTIVITIES INVOLVED IN CAG/CTG REPEAT INSTABILITY." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/832.

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CAG/CTG repeat instability is associated with at least 14 neurological disorders, including Huntington’s disease and Myotonic dystrophy type 1. In vitro and in vivo studies have showed that CAG/CTG repeats form a stable hairpin that is believed to be the intermediate for repeat expansion and contraction. Addition of extra DNA is essential for repeat expansion, so DNA synthesis is one of the keys for repeat expansion. In vivo studies reveal that 3’ CTG slippage with subsequent hairpin formation (henceforth called the 3’ CTG slippage hairpin) occurs during DNA synthesis. It is proposed that hair

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9

Suarez, Samuel Charles. "Molecular Determinants of Human DNA Polymerase eta Fidelity." Thesis, North Carolina State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3584268.

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<p> DNA damage is a ubiquitous challenge to replication in cells, as damage causes replicative polymerase stalling. However, once DNA has been unwound at the replication fork, replication must proceed in the presence of damage to prevent more deleterious and almost assuredly mutagenic consequences. Alleviation of replicative polymerase stalling is accomplished by specialized DNA polymerases that can synthesize across from DNA lesions using the damage as a template, a process termed translesion synthesis (TLS). DNA polymerase η pol η is the best understood of these polymerases, and lack

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10

Haire, Kambria. "Elucidation of the Role of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase in Drug-Induced Toxicity." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5959.

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Drug toxicity may cause liver injury, resulting in damage to cells and tissues. This damage can lead to cytotoxic events that may result in an activation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). A study was conducted to determine if cocaine and acetaminophen toxicity lead to DNA damage and to the activation of the repair protein, PARP in the liver using the hepatotoxicants: cocaine and acetaminophen (APAP). A dose-response analysis for cocaine concluded that a dose as low as 20 mg/kg resulted in elevated ALT levels. A higher dose of 60 mg/kg was tested for analyses but resulted in severe hemorr

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11

Bakthavatchalu, Vasudevan. "MnSOD AND AUTOPHAGY IN PREVENTION OF OXIDATIVE MITOCHONDRIAL INJURIES INDUCED BY UVB IN MURINE SKIN." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/toxicology_etds/2.

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UVB radiation is a known environmental carcinogen that causes DNA damage and increase ROS generation in mitochondria. Accumulating evidence suggests that mtDNA damage and increased ROS generation trigger mitochondrial translocation of p53. Within mitochondria, p53 interacts with nucleoid macromolecular complexes such as mitochondrial antioxidant MnSOD, mitochondrial DNA polymerase Polγ, and mtDNA. Mitochondria are considered to be a potential source for damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) such as mtDNA, cytochrome C, ATP, and formyl peptides. Intracytoplasmic release of DAMPs can trig

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12

Brinkerhoff, Alexis I. "Assessment of the Role of Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase in Drug-Induced Cardiomyopathy." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6067.

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Drug-induced cardiotoxicity has resulted in a thorough evaluation of patient doses, treatments, and rehabilitation. One of the most commonly prescribed chemotherapeutic agents is cyclophosphamide. The active metabolite, acrolein, is one of the most potent inducers of cardiomyopathy. In this study, research was conducted on the H9c2 (2-1) cardiomyocyte cell line derived from the embryonic myocardium of rattus norvegicus to assess its competency for evaluation of the change in poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activity. The application of this model to study the effects of acrolein on PARP act

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13

Marboeuf, Céline. "Synthèse de polymères organophosphorés hydrosolubles vecteurs d'agents alkylants à activité auticancéreuse." Le Mans, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LEMA1007.

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La synthese de polymeres organophosphores, hydrosolubles et potentiellement biodegradables, supports d'un agent anticancereux, la bis(2-chloroethyl)amine a ete envisagee au cours de ce travail selon deux voies: la polycondensation du dichlorure de bis(2-chloroethyl)amidophosphoryle avec divers composes difonctionnels et la modification chimique de poly(hydrogenosphosphonate de polyoxyethylene)s par la bis(2-chloroethyl)amine. Une etude prealable a ete effectuee sur molecules modeles. La polycondensation avec le dichlorure de bis(2-chlorethyl)aminodophosphoryle a permis d'obtenir des polyphosph

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14

Coyle, Jayme. "The Assessment of an In-vitro Model for Evaluating the Role of PARP in Ethanol-mediated Hepatotoxicity." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4810.

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This investigation assesses the role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in ethanol-mediated hepatotoxicity using the untransfected HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma line, an established, well-characterized toxicological model. HepG2 cells were treated with ethanol at concentrations between 100 mM and 800 mM, and assessed for markers of cytotoxicity. PARP-1 activity in total cell protein lysates was quantified as a proxy of apoptotic induction at six hours. Our results demonstrated a 1.43-fold AST activity increase in culture medium isolates of cells exposed to 800 mM without significant effect on cel

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15

Harand, Kristina Marie. "Assessment of Acrolein-induced Toxicity Using In-vitro Modeling to Evaluate the Role of PARP Inhibitors in Reducing Cytotoxicity." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6091.

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Acrolein is an electrophilic α, β-unsaturated aldehyde. Additionally, acrolein is a metabolite of the antineoplastic alkylating agent cyclophosphamide and is implicated in off-target effects, including to bladder hemorrhagic cystitis and cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity, both of which have led to serious secondary iatrogenic injury during and following chemotherapy. At low concentrations acrolein inhibits cell proliferation without inducing apoptosis, while at high concentrations may result in secondary apoptosis promotion. This investigation assessed the role of the enzyme poly (ADP-ri

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16

Lacroix, Marie-Dominique. "Synthèse, caractérisation et compatibilité cellulaire de nouveaux polymères biospécifiques réalisés par fonctionalisation de précurseurs porteurs de groupement époxy." Paris 13, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA132035.

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La fonctionnalisation statistique des polymères par des groupements chimiques choisis permet d'obtenir des matériaux biospécifiques, c'est-à-dire capables de développer une activité biologique déterminée. C'est le cas de nombreux dérivés fonctionnels du polystyrène tels que les héparin-like, les ADN-like etc. . . Ces polymères biospécifiques présentent des propriétés mécaniques peu intéressantes pour certaines applications biomédicales; c'est pourquoi il est nécessaire de mettre au point de nouvelles méthodes de fonctionnalisation applicables à des polymères de type élastomère. La méthode que

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17

Properzi, Milena. "Sviluppo e applicazioni di nuove resine melammina-urea-formaldeide (MUF) per del legno." Nancy 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NAN10014.

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Cette recherche se situe dans le cadre d'une collaboration franco-italienne visant à développer les connaissances sur les adhésifs pour usages structurels. La recherche a été conduite en intégrant l'étude de nouveaux systèmes d'agents collants par le biais de la formulation, de la synthèse et de la caractérisation des résines MUF. Voici les quatre lignes de recherche abordées : 1. Formulation, synthèse et caractérisation de nouvelles résines aminoplastiques MUF à hautes performances et faible impact sur l'environnement. 2. Développement d'une nouvelle technique de collage bi-composant et durci

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18

Dégoué, Émilie. "Contrôle de la toxicité dans la synthèse des polyuréthanes : optimisation des réactions et nouvelles stratégies de masquage par des composés à réactivité orthogonale." Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2010ISAL0031/these.pdf.

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Ce travail présente plusieurs méthodes permettant de diminuer le taux de diisocyanate résiduel, souvent toxique, dans des prépolymères polyuréthane obtenus par polyaddition. Trois axes ont été explorés : l’optimisation des formulations et du procédé, et le masquage par des agents monofonctionnels ou porteurs de fonctions réactives orthogonales. Le remplacement d’un diisocyanate symétrique par un totalement asymétrique, dont l’une des deux fonctions NCO est bien plus réactive, a permis d’obtenir des prépolymères ayant un taux de monomère libre inférieur à 1 %. Cependant, cette méthode ne s’est

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19

Wan, Kai. "Etude de différentes méthodes de biofonctionnalisation pour la réalisation de biocapteurs. Application à la détection de pesticides." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1999. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1819_kwan.pdf.

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Le travail de cette thèse a consisté à étudier l'immobilisation de molécules biochimiques sur des transducteurs potentiométriques par différentes méthodes d'immobilisation, afin de réaliser des micro capteurs de type ISFET pour déterminer un pesticide organophosphoré (le trichlo fon) dans l'eau. Deux grands types d'immobilisation ont été mis au point : - le dépôt de monocouches enzymatiques par la technique Langmuir-Blodgett - le dépôt de membranes enzymatiques épaisses. Dans le cadre du dépôt de monocouches enzymatiques, nous nous sommes attachés à qualifier la présence des molécules d'enzyme

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20

Huang, Zhiwei. "Élaboration de polymères dérivés du poly(acide malique) pour la vectorisation ciblée de principes actifs anticancéreux." Rennes, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENCR0001.

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Afin d’augmenter l’efficacité des principes actifs tout en diminuant leurs effets secondaires, beaucoup de recherches sont menées afin d’élaborer un vecteur permettant d’encapsuler des PAs et de les libérer à un endroit précis de l’organisme. Pour cela, il est nécessaire de concevoir un vecteur répondant à un cahier des charges strict. Le vecteur doit permettre le ciblage de la zone à traiter, être stable in vivo avant la libération du principe actif, biocompatible et non-toxique. Dans ce contexte, nous nous sommes donc fixés comme objectif de préparer et caractériser une famille de vecteurs n

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21

Jamal, Mounia. "Evaluation de la biodégradation et de l'écotoxicité des films de paillage agricole : étude comparative et modélisation des tests de (bio)dégradabilité." Le Mans, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LEMA1004.

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22

Lherm, Catherine. "Étude de l'interaction des nanoparticules de polyalkylcyanoacrylates avec des fibroblastes en culture : influence des paramètres physico-chimiques sur la cytotoxicité." Paris-Sud, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA114856.

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L'objectif de ce travail est d'analyser les mécanismes qui conduisent in vitro à la cytotoxicité de nanoparticules de polyalkylcyanoacrylates (PACA) et de voir en quoi le caractéristiques physico-chimiques de ces vecteurs peuvent modifier leur profil de toxicité cellulaire

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23

Andrianary, Juliana. "Etude de la contamination des denrées alimentaires par le relargage de produits organovolatils issus de l'emballage." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30173.

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Ce travail a comme sujet le dosage de polluants volatils dans des denrees alimentaires. Deux techniques de preparation sont alors evaluees et optimisees. D'une part, l'espace de tete statique et d'autre part, l'espace de tete dynamique, couplees a la chromatographie en phase gazeuse, equipee de deux detecteurs (ecd et fid) montes en serie. L'extraction de micropolluants organiques couvrant une large gamme de volatilite est alors etudiee pour une matrice simple, l'eau. L'influence relative des divers parametres operatoires est examinee. La technique d'espace de tete permet d'extraire les compos

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24

Wang, Binghui. "INFLUENCE OF SURFACE MODIFICATION ON PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS OF COMPLEX ENGINEERED NANOPARTICLES." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/cme_etds/24.

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Complex engineered nanoparticles (CENPs) are being used on various applications. Their properties are different from those of neat nanoparticles. The dissertation explores these differences from four aspects: 1) Modify carbon nanomaterials’ inert surfaces and investigate the effect on thermal and rheological behavior of their dispersions; 2) Generate self-assembly bi-layer structure of oxide nanoparticles via surface modification; 3) Study interaction between lysozyme and different surface-charged ceria nanoparticles; 4) Investigate the biodistribution and transformations of CENPs in biologica

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25

Blanchet, Fabienne. "Neuropathies périphériques, modèle expérimental de neuropathie à l'acrylamide : application pharmacologique." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P208.

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26

Newsome, Bradley J. "Addressing Public Health Risks of Persistent Pollutants Through Nutritional Modulation and Biomimetic Nanocomposite Remediation Platforms." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/chemistry_etds/38.

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Due to their relative chemical stability and ubiquity in the environment, chlorinated organic contaminants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) pose significant health risks and enduring remediation challenges. Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) provide a novel platform for sensing/remediation of these toxicants, in addition to the growing use of NPs in many industrial and biomedical applications, but there remains concern for their potential long-term health effects. Research highlighted herein also represents a transdisciplinary approach to address human health challenges associated with exp

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27

Franco, Jefferson Honorio [UNESP]. "Biotransformação de corantes dispersos do tipo azo pela ação de enzimas redutoras e oxidação fotoeletrocatalítica após pré-concentração por MIP." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144994.

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Verneuil, Laurent. "Toxicité environnementale et écotoxicité de nanotubes de carbone chez des diatomées benthiques : de la cellule au biofilm." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015INPT0006/document.

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Différents effets de nanotubes de carbone (NTC) sur des diatomées benthiques ont été évalués via des approches microscopiques et biochimiques. Il a été montré que la structure du frustule, paroi silicifiée propre aux diatomées, est déterminante sur l'entrée ou non des NTC dans les cellules. Une internalisation des NTC dans la cellule a conduit à des effets génotoxiques et tératogènes. L'interaction des NTC avec les substances polymériques extracellulaires (SPE) produites par les diatomées a aussi été évaluée. Les SPE ont favorisé l'agglomération des NTC entre eux, ainsi que leur isolement phys

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Plà, Solans Helena. "Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of new polymer-drug conjugates based on polyglutamic acid and 5-Fluorouracil for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284644.

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Although survival rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) treated with surgery and conventional chemotherapy are high, metastatic CRC still shows acute mortality rates. Current chemotherapeutic treatment involves high doses of cytotoxic drugs, particularly adjuvant combinations of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and Irinotecan (prodrug of SN-38). However, these treatments cause undesirable effects to the patients, which can negatively contribute to their survival. The use of polymer-drug conjugates (PDC) has attracted great attention in the field of controlled drug delivery for cancer treatment, improving the

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Alvarado, Bonilla Helen Lissette. "Estudio biofarmacéutico de triterpenos pentacíclicos antiinflamatorios vehiculizados en sistemas nanoestructurados para aplicación tópica." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/301772.

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El ácido oleanólico (OA) y su isómero el ácido ursólico (UA), son triterpenos pentacíclicos que existen ampliamente en las plantas naturales, como acido libre o agliconas de saponinas triterpenoides, y son parte integral de la dieta humana. Estos triterpenos son de gran interés como agentes terapéuticos por sus diversas actividades farmacológicas, como antiinflamatoria, anticancerígena, antioxidante, hepatoprotectora, antimicrobiana, entre otras. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue el diseñar, optimizar y caracterizar sistemas nanoestructurados como nanopartículas poliméricas de PLGA (NP

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Morral, Ruíz Genoveva. "Estudi de la formació de nanopartícules polimèriques obtingudes a partir de nanoemulsions de fase externa aquosa i associació d’antiinflamatoris no esteroïdals." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/83823.

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Les nano-emulsions són emulsions amb una mida de gota molt petita i uniforme, normalment compresa entre 20 i 200 nm, que poden formar-se a baixes concentracions de tensioactiu. Degut a les seves propietats específiques (mida de gota, elevada estabilitat cinètica i transparència òptica) les nano-emulsions tenen importants aplicacions en indústria química, cosmètica i farmacèutica. En aquest sentit, una de les principals aplicacions tecnològiques és la seva utilització com a medi de polimerització per a l’obtenció de nanopartícules. Les nanopartícules polimèriques poden definir-se com a sistemes

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Pinaeva, Uliana. "Functionalized track-etched PVDF membrane-electrodes for toxic metal determination in water." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLX048.

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Le greffage radio-induit de polymères fonctionnels, tels que le poly(acide acrylique) (PAA), la poly(4-vinyl pyridine) (P4VP) et le poly(bis[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] phosphate (B2MP), dans la structure nanoporeuse de membranes en poly(fluorure de vinylidène) (PVDF) à traces attaquées est ici rapporté, l’objectif étant la pré-concentration sélective des ions Pb(II), Hg(II) et U(VI) en solution dans l’eau. Les membranes en PVDF à traces attaquées sont fabriquées par irradiation aux ions lourds rapides suivie par la révélation chimique des traces. Les membranes nanoporeuses en PVDF ainsi créées

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Osama, Mohammad. "Function of Vascular Endothelial Cells in Aging and Hypothermia: Clinical Implications." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1534939514503588.

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Adawi, Rahim. "Preventing fatal effects of overworking : Product design solution." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-15473.

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“Overworking to death” is a phenomenon that has been noticeable in developing countries. The cause of death is mainly through ischemic strokes. While the victims’ occupations differed, they all shared a common characteristic, being positioned in a sedentary work, ranging from IT workers to doctors. This project’s aim was to develop a product that prevented or decreased the strokes that derived from sedentary overwork. This was mainly tackled by preventing one of the three causes of developing blood props, slowed blood flow. In order to gather rich data of the phenomenon, a qualitative study wa

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Pujari, Shilpa. "Sorption of napththalene in soil, soil organic matter and polymers /." 2001. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/3489.

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