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Journal articles on the topic 'Polymers – Toxicology'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 August 2024

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1

Vedanarayanan, P. V., and A. C. Fernandez. "Toxicology of Biomedical Polymers." Defence Science Journal 37, no. 2 (1987): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.37.5901.

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2

Shastri, Prasad Venkatram. "Toxicology of polymers for implant contraceptives for women." Contraception 65, no. 1 (2002): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-7824(01)00285-2.

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3

Stavreva, Natasha, and Biljana Kapusevska. "BIOCOMPATIBILITY AND REACTION OF DENTAL POLYMERS IN ORAL ENVIRONMENT." Teacher of the future 31, no. 4 (2019): 835–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij3104835s.

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Dental polymers, commonly known as “Dental Resins” were first used in dentistry in 1839, and since then they have emerged as a favorable candidate for restorative dentistry and cosmetic and functional purposes. Many prosthesis and implants made from polymers have been in use for the last three decades and there is a continuous search for more biocompatible and stronger polymer prosthetic materials. Typical applications of polymers in dentistry are impression materials, relining materials, temporary crown materials, denture base materials, obturation materials (endodontic treatment), and fillin

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4

Ma-Hock, Lan, Robert Landsiedel, Karin Wiench, et al. "Short-Term Rat Inhalation Study With Aerosols of Acrylic Ester-Based Polymer Dispersions Containing a Fraction of Nanoparticles." International Journal of Toxicology 31, no. 1 (2012): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581811424778.

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Aqueous polymer dispersions are important raw materials used in a variety of industrial processes. They may contain particles with diameters ranging from 10 to 1500 nm. Polymer exposure alone may cause pulmonary lesions after inhalation exposure. Polymer dispersions with increased proportions of nano-sized particles are being developed for improved material characteristics, and this may pose even increased pulmonary hazards upon potential inhalation exposure. In a 5-day screening study, male rats were nose-only exposed to aerosols generated from 2 dispersions of acrylic ester polymers with ide

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5

Cushman, J. R., and M. L. Hachado. "Acute Toxicologic Evaluation of Crude Propylene Polymers." Journal of the American College of Toxicology 11, no. 6 (1992): 743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10915819209142136.

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6

Scott, Gerald. "Antioxidants in food packaging: a risk factor?" Biochemical Society Symposia 61 (November 1, 1995): 235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bss0610235.

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It is current practice to test all new additives for packaging polymers for toxicity before permitting them to be used in food contact applications. However, many antioxidants and stabilizers act sacrificially and are converted to oxidation products in the process of preventing polymer degradation. In most cases, little is known about the toxicity of antioxidant transformation products, and in some cases there is reason to suspect that they may be more toxic than the chemicals from which they are derived. Two possible solutions are presently showing promise. The first is to chemically react th

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7

Knill, Charles J., and John F. Kennedy. "Food additive toxicology." Carbohydrate Polymers 31, no. 4 (1996): 294–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0144-8617(97)89842-6.

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8

Jiang, Chengyang, Husein Almuhtaram, Michael J. McKie, and Robert C. Andrews. "Assessment of Biofilm Growth on Microplastics in Freshwaters Using a Passive Flow-Through System." Toxics 11, no. 12 (2023): 987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11120987.

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Biofilms that colonize on the surface of microplastics (MPs) in freshwaters may pose a potential health risk. This study examined factors that influence MP-associated biofilm growth, including polymer type, degree of weathering, and source water quality. Weathered MPs produced in-lab were employed in biofilm trials conducted on site using a passive flow-through system with raw water at drinking water treatment facility intakes. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was used to quantify biofilm abundance; biofilm composition was assessed via metagenomic sequencing. Biofilm growth was observed on all pol

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9

Joshi, Ravi R., and Sudhir K. Gupta. "Biotoxicity of tributyltin acrylate polymers." Toxicity Assessment 5, no. 4 (1990): 389–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tox.2540050406.

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10

Awadhesh Kumar Pandey and Arun Kumar Dwivedi. "Recent advancement in wound healing dressing material." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 3 (2019): 2572–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v10i3.1512.

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Wounds have been occurring as long as the existence of life. Presently available advanced wound care products for dressing are beyond the reach of the majority Indian population, and they also do not completely fulfil the required benefits of therapeutic value. The dermal patch technology is the best-known and widely used approach for delivering drugs. It has been proven to be the fastest, easiest, safest and most economical way for drug delivery. The use of biodegradable polymers in wound management has been brought into prominence with new innovations in drug delivery system. Thus with a new

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11

Annisa, Viviane, Teuku Nanda Saifullah Sulaiman, Akhmad Kharis Nugroho, and Agung Endro Nugroho. "Characterization of Alginate with Natural Polymers Combination for Drug Encapsulation." Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN 1683 - 3597 E-ISSN 2521 - 3512) 31, no. 2 (2022): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31351/vol31iss2pp150-159.

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Alginate is one of the natural biopolymers that is widely used for drug formulations, combination of alginate with other polymers, such as gum acacia, pectin, and carrageenan can increase mechanical strength, therefore, can reduce leakage of the encapsulated active pharmaceutical ingredient from the polymer matrix. Interaction of alginate and these polymers can occur via intermolecular hydrogen bonds causing synergism, which is determined from the viscosity of polymer mixture. Alginate was combined with gum acacia/pectin/carrageenan in different blending ratios (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and

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12

Lin, George H. Y., and Robert Mermelstein. "Acute Toxicity Studies of Xerox Reprographic Toners." Journal of the American College of Toxicology 13, no. 1 (1994): 2–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10915819409140650.

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Typical reprographic toners consist of a thermoplastic polymer or polymers as the major component, a colorant or colorants (carbon black or color pigments), and small quantities of additives such as charge control and/or lubricating/release agents. Another type of toner contains iron oxides and polymers) as the major components. As a complement to the recently published Xerox chronic inhalation studies of toners, we are reporting the acute toxicity studies of some typical Xerox toners. The studies include acute oral toxicity in rats, acute dermal toxicity in rabbits, acute inhalation toxicity

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13

Amarsing, Tadavi S., and Pawar S. Pandit. "Development of Nasal In-situ Gel Formulation of Fexofenadine HCl Using Gellan Gum (Gelerite®)." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL QUALITY ASSURANCE 14, no. 01 (2023): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijpqa.14.1.10.

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This study aimed to develop and assess an in-situ nasal gel containing fexofenadine hydrochloride for nasal administration by employing polymers with in-situ gelling characteristics. Formulations containing Gelerite, HPMC K4M and β-cyclodextrin were used to formulate in situ nasal gel. Formulations were liquid before administration and quickly converted to gel after nasal administration. The FTIR studies of drugs, polymers and physical mixtures of drug polymers were carried out. These research results indicated that, in comparison to pure drugs, there have been no considerable modifi cations i

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14

Fairhurst, Steven. "Interpretation of data submitted under the 6th Amendment: toxicology." Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 105, no. 9 (2008): 310–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1989.tb01221.x.

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15

Hartzell, G. E. "The Combustion Toxicology of Polyurethane Foams." Journal of Cellular Plastics 28, no. 4 (1992): 330–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021955x9202800403.

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16

Riaz, Maria, Muhammad Zaman, Huma Hameed, et al. "Lamotrigine-Loaded Poloxamer-Based Thermo-Responsive Sol–Gel: Formulation, In Vitro Assessment, Ex Vivo Permeation, and Toxicology Study." Gels 9, no. 10 (2023): 817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9100817.

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The present study aimed to prepare, characterize, and evaluate a thermo-responsive sol–gel for intranasal delivery of lamotrigine (LTG), which was designed for sustained drug delivery to treat epilepsy. LTG sol–gel was prepared using the cold method by changing the concentrations of poloxamer 407 and poloxamer 188, which were used as thermo-reversible polymers. The optimized formulations of sol–gel were analyzed for clarity, pH, viscosity, gelation temperature, gelation time, spreadability, drug content, in vitro drug release studies, ex vivo permeation studies, and in vivo toxicological studi

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17

Tiwari, Ruchi, Birendra Srivastava, Gaurav Tiwari, and Awanik Rai. "Extended release promethazine HCl using acrylic polymers by freeze-drying and spray-drying techniques: formulation considerations." Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 45, no. 4 (2009): 829–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-82502009000400029.

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The present study investigated a novel extended release system of promethazine hydrochloride (PHC) with acrylic polymers Eudragit RL100 and Eudragit S100 in different weight ratios (1:1 and 1: 5), and in combination (0.5+1.5), using freeze-drying and spray-drying techniques. Solid dispersions were characterized by Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD), Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as solubility and in vitro dissolution studies in 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2), double-d

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18

Verma, Roli, Kirti Srivastava, R. S. Jagadish, and Rama Dubey. "SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PSEUDO LADDER MONO HYDROXY PENDANT POLYBENZOBISTHIAZOLE AROMATIC HETERO-CYCLIC THERMOPLASTIC POLYMER." RASAYAN Journal of Chemistry 16, no. 02 (2023): 964–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31788/rjc.2023.1628360.

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Anisotropic polymerization of 5-hydroxy isophthalic acid and isophthalic acid with 2,5-diamino 1,4-benzene dithiol dihydrochloride (DABDT.2 HCl) affords the polymer poly {[benzo (1,2-d: 4,5-d’) bisthiazole-2, 6 diyl]-1,3 phenylene} and poly {[benzo (1,2-d: 4,5-d’) bisthiazole-2, 6 diyl]-1,3(5-hydroxy phenylene)}. Both the polymers were soluble in methanesulphonic acid and chlorosulphonic acid. The polybenzobisthiazoles do not show any glass transition temperature (Tg) by DSC analysis. The polybenzobisthiazoles were stable up to 400oC in a nitrogen environment, according to thermo gravimetric m

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19

Köse, Kazım, Demet Yalçın Kehribar, and Lokman Uzun. "Molecularly imprinted polymers in toxicology: a literature survey for the last 5 years." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 27 (2021): 35437–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14510-4.

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20

Becker, Lillian C., Wilma F. Bergfeld, Donald V. Belsito, et al. "Safety Assessment of Modified Terephthalate Polymers as Used in Cosmetics." International Journal of Toxicology 33, no. 3_suppl (2014): 36S—47S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581814537001.

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The safety of 6 modified terephthalate polymers as cosmetic ingredients was assessed. These ingredients mostly function as exfoliants, bulking agents, hair fixatives, and viscosity-increasing agents—nonaqueous. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is used in leave-on products up to 100% and in rinse-off products up to 2%. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (Panel) considered that the PET used in cosmetics is chemically equivalent to that used in medical devices. The Panel determined that the Food and Drug Administration’s determination of safety of PET in several medical devices, which in

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21

Johnston, P. K., E. Doyle, and R. A. Orzel. "Acrylics: A Literature Review of Thermal Decomposition Products and Toxicity." Journal of the American College of Toxicology 7, no. 2 (1988): 139–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10915818809014519.

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A comprehensive literature review on the thermal decomposition products and combustion toxicity of acrylics is presented. The types of products produced by the thermal decomposition of acrylic polymers vary widely. At lower temperatures, simple methacrylate polymers are degraded almost entirely to monomer, whereas simple acrylate polymers are degraded primarily to chain fragments and the alcohols corresponding to the ester groups. More complex methacrylate and acrylate polymers appear to be degraded primarily to the olefins corresponding to the ester groups. The major products formed through t

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22

de Lima Nascimento, Tatiana Rita, Marilia Mattar de Amoêdo Campos Velo, Camila Félix Silva, et al. "Current Applications of Biopolymer-based Scaffolds and Nanofibers as Drug Delivery Systems." Current Pharmaceutical Design 25, no. 37 (2019): 3997–4012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666191108162948.

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Background: The high surface-to-volume ratio of polymeric nanofibers makes them an effective vehicle for the release of bioactive molecules and compounds such as growth factors, drugs, herbal extracts and gene sequences. Synthetic polymers are commonly used as sensors, reinforcements and energy storage, whereas natural polymers are more prone to mimicking an extracellular matrix. Natural polymers are a renewable resource and classified as an environmentally friendly material, which might be used in different techniques to produce nanofibers for biomedical applications such as tissue engineerin

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23

Johnson, Wilbur, Wilma F. Bergfeld, Donald V. Belsito, et al. "Safety Assessment of Polyfluorinated Polymers as Used in Cosmetics." International Journal of Toxicology 42, no. 3_suppl (2023): 144S—161S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10915818231208647.

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The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) reviewed the safety of 12 polyfluorinated polymers in cosmetic products; most of these ingredients have the reported function of film former in common. However, PTFE, the only ingredient that is reported as currently used in cosmetics, functions as a bulking agent and slip modifier, but not as a film former. The Panel reviewed data relevant to the safety of these ingredients under the intended conditions of use in cosmetic formulations, and concluded that PTFE and Hexafluoropropylene/Tetrafluoroethylene Copolymer are safe in cosmetics in

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24

Bao, Yen T., and Richard N. Loeppky. "Blocking nitrosamine formation with polymers." Chemical Research in Toxicology 4, no. 3 (1991): 382–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/tx00021a020.

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25

Burnett, Christina, Bart Heldreth, Wilma F. Bergfeld, et al. "Safety Assessment of Nylon as Used in Cosmetics." International Journal of Toxicology 33, no. 4_suppl (2014): 47S—60S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581814563524.

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The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (Panel) reviewed the safety of nylon polymers, which function in cosmetics primarily as bulking and opacifying agents. The Panel reviewed relevant animal and human data related to these large polymers and determined that they are not likely to penetrate the skin. Whatever residual monomers may be present were not present at a sufficient level to cause any reactions in test subjects at the maximum ingredient use concentration. Accordingly, the Panel concluded that these ingredients are safe in the present practices of use and concentration.

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26

Wei, Yan-Ping, Liang-Yuan Yao, Yi-Yong Wu, et al. "Critical Review of Synthesis, Toxicology and Detection of Acyclovir." Molecules 26, no. 21 (2021): 6566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26216566.

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Acyclovir (ACV) is an effective and selective antiviral drug, and the study of its toxicology and the use of appropriate detection techniques to control its toxicity at safe levels are extremely important for medicine efforts and human health. This review discusses the mechanism driving ACV’s ability to inhibit viral coding, starting from its development and pharmacology. A comprehensive summary of the existing preparation methods and synthetic materials, such as 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide, guanine and its derivatives, and other purine derivatives, is presented to elucidate the preparation

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27

Caré, Weniko, Alexandre Bretonneau, Hélène François-Coridon, et al. "Superabsorbent polymers beads ingestion: Retrospective study in France." Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique 33, no. 3 (2021): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxac.2021.06.001.

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28

Pandit, Ashlesha Pravin, and Rajendra Dattatray Shinde. "Development and in vitro evaluation of sustained release multiparticulate tablet of freely water soluble drug." Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 46, no. 3 (2010): 463–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-82502010000300009.

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Blends of aqueous dispersion of a hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymer, namely Surelease®: hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (Surelease®: HPMC E15) were used as coating materials to control the drug release from coated pellets of the highly water soluble drug metoprolol succinate. Varying the polymer blends, ranges of drug release patterns were obtained at pH 6.8. The present study dealt with diffusion of drug through plasticized Surelease®/ hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC E15) films prepared by coating of drug and polymers onto non-pareil seeds using the solution layering technique. The releas

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29

Noureen, Shazia, Sobia Noreen, Shazia Akram Ghumman, et al. "Prunus armeniaca Gum-Alginate Polymeric Microspheres to Enhance the Bioavailability of Tramadol Hydrochloride: Formulation and Evaluation." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 5 (2022): 916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14050916.

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Combinations of polymers can improve the functional properties of microspheres to achieve desired therapeutic goals. Hence, the present study aimed to formulate Prunus armeniaca gum (PAG) and sodium alginate microsphere for sustained drug release. Blended and coated microspheres were prepared using the ionotropic gelation technique. The effect of polymer concentration variation was studied on the structural and functional properties of formulated microspheres. FTIR, XRD, and thermal analysis were performed to characterize the microspheres. All the formulations were well-formed spherical beads

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30

Krishnaveni Manubolu, Sreenivasulu Munna, and Chandrasekhar Kothapalli Bonnoth. "A Study on Extraction and Characterization of Vigna mungo Polymer." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 12, no. 3 (2021): 1870–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v12i3.4787.

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The aim of work is to extract and characterize the Vigna mungo polymer solvent using acetone and ethanol. Natural polymers contribution towards formulation of dosage forms is appreciable as they are biocompatible, biodegradable and safe. So extraction and characterization of Vigna mungo polymer helps in the interaction studies of preformulation. In this present study, various physicochemical characters like phytochemical screening, viscosity, particle size analysis, and flow characteristics were determined. Further characterization performed using FTIR and XRD. Vigna mungo polymer obtained usi

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31

Becker, Lillian C., Wilma F. Bergfeld, Donald V. Belsito, et al. "Final Report of the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel Safety Assessment of Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA), Methyl Methacrylate Crosspolymer, and Methyl Methacrylate/Glycol Dimethacrylate Crosspolymer." International Journal of Toxicology 30, no. 3_suppl (2011): 54S—65S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581811407352.

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Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and related cosmetic ingredients methyl methacrylate crosspolymer and methyl methacrylate/glycol dimethacrylate crosspolymer are polymers that function as film formers and viscosity-increasing agents in cosmetics. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) determination of safety of PMMA use in several medical devices, which included human and animal safety data, was used as the basis of safety of PMMA and related polymers in cosmetics by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. The PMMA used in cosmetics is substantially the same as in medical devices. The

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32

Kejlová, K., J. Labský, D. Jírová, and H. Bendová. "Hydrophilic polymers—biocompatibility testing in vitro." Toxicology in Vitro 19, no. 7 (2005): 957–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2005.06.032.

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33

Sulaiman, Teuku Nanda Saifullah, Dwi Larasati, Akhmad Kharis Nugroho, and Syaiful Choiri. "Assessment of the Effect of PLGA Co-polymers and PEG on the Formation and Characteristics of PLGA-PEG-PLGA Co-block Polymer Using Statistical Approach." Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin 9, no. 3 (2019): 382–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/apb.2019.045.

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Purpose: To assess the effect of the lactic acid (LA)-to-glycolic acid (GA) molar ratio and polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentration on the formation of poly-lactide co-glycolide acid (PLGA)-PEG-PLGA co-block polymers simultaneously using statistical approach. Methods: A 22 full factorial design with the addition of a point in the center of the design, namely curvature, was applied. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were performed to confirm the formation of the co-block polymer. Simvastatin (SMV), a drug model was i

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34

Kühn, Susanne, Albert van Oyen, Elisa L. Bravo Rebolledo, Amalie V. Ask, and Jan Andries van Franeker. "Polymer types ingested by northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) and southern hemisphere relatives." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 2 (2020): 1643–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10540-6.

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AbstractAlthough ingestion of plastic by tubenosed seabirds has been documented regularly, identification of the polymer composition of these plastics has rarely been described. Polymer assessment may assist in identifying sources and may indicate risks from additives occurring in specific types of polymers. Using known test materials, two identification methods Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and near infrared spectroscopy (FTIR and NIR) were compared. Although both methods were found to be similarly suitable for identification of plastic polymers, a significant difference was observe

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35

Lim, Kok Ping, Phaik Eem Lim, Sumiani Yusoff, Chengjun Sun, Jinfeng Ding, and Kar Hoe Loh. "A Meta-Analysis of the Characterisations of Plastic Ingested by Fish Globally." Toxics 10, no. 4 (2022): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10040186.

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Plastic contamination in the environment is common but the characterisation of plastic ingested by fish in different environments is lacking. Hence, a meta-analysis was conducted to identify the prevalence of plastic ingested by fish globally. Based on a qualitative analysis of plastic size, it was determined that small microplastics (<1 mm) are predominantly ingested by fish globally. Furthermore, our meta-analysis revealed that plastic fibres (70.6%) and fragments (19.3%) were the most prevalent plastic components ingested by fish, while blue (24.2%) and black (18.0%) coloured plastic wer

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36

Polla Ravi, Shruthi, Yasmeen Shamiya, Aishik Chakraborty, Cynthia Elias, and Arghya Paul. "Biomaterials, biological molecules, and polymers in developing vaccines." Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 42, no. 10 (2021): 813–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2021.07.006.

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37

Hatanaka, Y., Y. Toyoda, Y. Kako, Y. Suwa, H. Nukaya, and M. Nagao. "Development of a nitrite scavenger applying indigestible polymers." Mutation Research/Environmental Mutagenesis and Related Subjects 253, no. 3 (1991): 249–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1161(91)90155-2.

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38

Abbas Omran, Khalida. "The Construct and Interpretation of Chelated Coordination Polymers and Their Use in Nanomaterials Research." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2022 (August 10, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3937375.

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Presently, an important step from basic research to practical applications is synthesizing nanostructured materials. Metal-organic structures, as well as coordination polymers, are a diverse group of materials with a wide range of potential and properties applications. It has been difficult to get these materials into commercial use because of many drawbacks. Polymers containing chelated units are described and assessed for their advancements and problems in preparation, properties, and structure. Here, a proposed approach based on designing coordination polymeric materials with chelated units

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39

Christopher Vimalson D, Parimalakrishnan S, Jeganathan N S, and Anbazhagan S. "Formulation and evaluation of Olmesartan Medoxomil solid dispersions to enhance its solubility and dissolution characteristics." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL4 (2020): 1515–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4332.

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The objective of the present learns to improve solubility and dissolution of Olmesartan Medoxomil (OM) by improving water solubility by reliable dispersion methods using fusion method (FM) and solvent evaporation (SE) method via hydrophilic polymers PEG 6000 and PVP K30 in different ratios. Preformulation studies of OM: polymers were carried using DSC and FTIR proves that it is stable without any extra peaks, which implies no interaction among the drug and carrier. For OM in FM drug: polymer ratio was maintained in a range 1:1, 1:3, 1:5 and 1:7 w/w ratio of OM to PEG 6000 and coded as SDOM1, S

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40

Yu, Jorn C. C., and Edward P. C. Lai. "Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Ochratoxin A Extraction and Analysis." Toxins 2, no. 6 (2010): 1536–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins2061536.

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41

Cavalera, Simone, Laura Anfossi, Fabio Di Nardo, and Claudio Baggiani. "Mycotoxins-Imprinted Polymers: A State-of-the-Art Review." Toxins 16, no. 1 (2024): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins16010047.

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Mycotoxins are toxic metabolites of molds which can contaminate food and beverages. Because of their acute and chronic toxicity, they can have harmful effects when ingested or inhaled, posing severe risks to human health. Contemporary analytical methods have the sensitivity required for contamination detection and quantification, but the direct application of these methods on real samples is not straightforward because of matrix complexity, and clean-up and preconcentration steps are needed, more and more requiring the application of highly selective solid-phase extraction materials. Molecular

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42

Corami, Fabiana, Beatrice Rosso, Valentina Iannilli, Simone Ciadamidaro, Barbara Bravo та Carlo Barbante. "Occurrence and Characterization of Small Microplastics (<100 μm), Additives, and Plasticizers in Larvae of Simuliidae". Toxics 10, № 7 (2022): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10070383.

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This study is the first to investigate the ingestion of microplastics (MPs), plasticizers, additives, and particles of micro-litter < 100 μm by larvae of Simuliidae (Diptera) in rivers. Blackflies belong to a small cosmopolitan insect family whose larvae are present alongside river courses, often with a torrential regime, up to their mouths. Specimens of two species of blackfly larvae, Simulium equinum and Simulium ornatum, were collected in two rivers in Central Italy, the Mignone and the Treja. Small microplastics (SMPs, <100 μm), plasticizers, additives, and other micro-litter compone

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Medlin, J. F. "Promising polymers." Environmental Health Perspectives 103, no. 1 (1995): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.9510340.

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Kurniawan, Muhammad Fariez, Dwi Setyawan, and Dewi Melani Hariyadi. "Quercetin in Drug Carriers: Polymer Composite, Physical Characteristics, and In vitro Study." Science and Technology Indonesia 9, no. 2 (2024): 380–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.26554/sti.2024.9.2.380-412.

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Quercetin is a highly prevalent flavonoid commonly found in a wide variety of fruits and vegetables. This compound has various biological actions, indicating great potential in preventing diseases and promoting health but the disadvantages include low solubility and instability. The disadvantages can be overcome by using a polymer composite in the form of microspheres in the formulation. Therefore, this study aimed to review various uses of polymers in delivering quercetin compounds. The results showed that various polymers in microspheres have been formulated with quercetin to minimize the we

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Wright, W. W. "High performance polymers: Their origin and development." Environmental Pollution 47, no. 2 (1987): 167–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(87)90048-0.

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Tomou, Ekaterina-Michaela, Paraskevi Papakyriakopoulou, Elmina-Marina Saitani, Georgia Valsami, Natassa Pippa, and Helen Skaltsa. "Recent Advances in Nanoformulations for Quercetin Delivery." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 6 (2023): 1656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15061656.

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Quercetin (QUE) is a flavonol that has recently received great attention from the research community due to its important pharmacological properties. However, QUE’s low solubility and extended first-pass metabolism limit its oral administration. This review aims to present the potential of various nanoformulations in the development of QUE dosage forms for bioavailability enhancement. Advanced drug delivery nanosystems can be used for more efficient encapsulation, targeting, and controlled release of QUE. An overview of the primary nanosystem categories, formulation processes, and characteriza

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Vdovin, S. V., and G. P. Gerusova. "Reproductive health of workers in production of polycondensation polymers containing sulphur." Reproductive Toxicology 7, no. 5 (1993): 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0890-6238(93)90120-v.

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LUPULEASA, DUMITRU. "BIOCOMPATIBLE POLYMERS FOR 3D PRINTING." FARMACIA 66, no. 5 (2018): 737–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31925/farmacia.2018.5.1.

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Mohini, Kuchekar, Upadhye Mohini, Kulkarni Amrita, Zambare Aishwarya, Shirke Disha, and Kore Padmaja. "Verbena officinalis (Verbenaceae): Pharmacology, Toxicology and role in female health." International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine 13, no. 2 (2022): 296–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v13i2.2748.

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Verbena officinalis Linn (Verbenaceae), the common verbena or vervain, a traditional herb with immense cultural and medicinal significance in the European, Greek, American, Roman and Egyptian countries. Phytochemical analysis suggests the presence of iridoid glycosides, secoiridoid glycosides, phenylethanoid glycosides, flavones, pentacyclic triterpenoids, monoterpenes, sterols and their derivatives. Owing to the presence of these phytochemicals, wide range of pharmacological activities such as antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antidiarrheal, antitumour, antidepressant, anxiolytic, gastrop

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Longo, Luigia, and Giuseppe Vasapollo. "Phthalocyanine-Based Molecularly Imprinted Polymers as Nucleoside Receptors." Metal-Based Drugs 2008 (November 21, 2008): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/281843.

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A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for tri-O-acetyladenosine (TOAA), PPM(TOAA), was prepared by the combined use of methacrylic acid (MAA) and Zn(II)tetra(4'-methacryloxyphenoxy) phthalocyanine as functional monomers. This MIP exhibited a higher binding ability for TOAA compared to the MIP prepared using only MAA, PM(TOAA), in batch rebinding tests. Scatchard analysis gave a higher association constant of PPM(TOAA) for TOAA (2.96×104 M−1) than that of PM(TOAA) (1.48×104 M−1). The MIP prepared using only the zinc-phthalocyanine, PP(TOAA), did not show any binding capacity for TOAA. This mean

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