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Journal articles on the topic 'Polymers'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Chen, Guang, Lei Tao, and Ying Li. "Predicting Polymers’ Glass Transition Temperature by a Chemical Language Processing Model." Polymers 13, no. 11 (2021): 1898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13111898.

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We propose a chemical language processing model to predict polymers’ glass transition temperature (Tg) through a polymer language (SMILES, Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System) embedding and recurrent neural network. This model only receives the SMILES strings of a polymer’s repeat units as inputs and considers the SMILES strings as sequential data at the character level. Using this method, there is no need to calculate any additional molecular descriptors or fingerprints of polymers, and thereby, being very computationally efficient. More importantly, it avoids the difficulties to gen

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2

Chen, Jian Fang, and Ai Hua Ling. "Design and Synthesis of a Miktoarm Star PMMAZO-(PCL)₂ Copolymer." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 2089–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.2089.

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A series of novel miktoarm star polymers were synthesized by combination of at-om transfer radical polymerization(ATRP), chemical modification and ring-opening polymeri-zation(ROP). These miktoarm star polymers carring one poly[6-(4-methoxy-4’-oxy-azobenzene) hexylmethacrylate] azobenzene (PMMAZO) side-chain liquid crystalline(LC) arm and two polycaprolactone(PCL) arms. These precursors and miktoarm star polymers were characterized by proton nuclear resonance (1H-NMR), and gel permeation chramatograph(GPC). The information of PMMAZO(OH)2 and PMMAZO-(PCL)2 miktoarm star polymer confirmed the ex

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3

Ansari, Aysha Praveen, Anamika Saini, Ila Joshi, et al. "Conducting Polymers: Types and Applications." International Journal of All Research Education and Scientific Methods 13, no. 01 (2025): 01–19. https://doi.org/10.56025/ijaresm.2024.121224005.

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Conducting Polymers (CPs) represent a unique class of materials that combine the electrical conductivity of metals with the mechanical properties and processability of conventional polymers. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the various types of conducting polymers, including Polyaniline (PANI), Polypyrrole (PPy), Polythiophene (PT), and their derivatives. The synthesis techniques of these polymers, such as Chemical, Electrochemical, and Template-Based Methods, are discussed, highlighting their impact on the polymer's structure, conductivity, and functional properties. Each polymer

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4

Brostow, Witold, Hanna Fałtynowicz, Osman Gencel, Andrei Grigoriev, Haley E. Hagg Lobland, and Danny Zhang. "Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Polymers and Polymer-Based Composites." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 14, no. 4 (2020): 514–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht14.04.514.

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A definition of rigidity of polymers and polymer-based composites (PBCs) by an equation is formulated. We also discuss tribological properties of polymers and PBCs including frictions (static, sliding and rolling) and wear. We discuss connections between viscoelastic recovery in scratch resistance testing with brittleness B, as well as Charpy and Izod impact strengths relations with B. Flexibility Y is related to a dynamic friction. A thermophysical property, namely linear thermal expansivity, is also related to the brittleness B. A discussion of equipment needed to measure a variety of proper

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5

Shahzadi, Maria, Taimoor Hassan, and Sana Saeed. "Application of Natural Polymers in Wound Dressings." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 10 (2022): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2216101.

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Natural polymers because of their biodegradability, biocompatibility and closeness to the extracellular matrix are frequently used in regenerative medicine for burns and wound dressing. By triggering and stimulating the wound healing process, natural polymers aid in the restoration of damaged tissues and, as a result, skin regeneration1. Natural polymers have proven to be effective in a variety of biomedical applications, such as controlled administration of drugs, gene delivery, and regenerative medicine, among others.Plants, animals, and microbial are the major sources responsible for produc

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6

Martens, C. M., R. Tuinier, and M. Vis. "Depletion interaction mediated by semiflexible polymers." Journal of Chemical Physics 157, no. 15 (2022): 154102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0112015.

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We present a simple mean-field theory to describe the polymer-mediated depletion attraction between colloidal particles that accounts for the polymer’s chain stiffness. We find that for fixed polymer radius of gyration and volume fraction, the strength of this attraction increases with increasing chain stiffness in both dilute and semidilute concentration regimes. In contrast, the range of attraction monotonically decreases with chain stiffness in the dilute regime, while it attains a maximum in the semidilute regime. The obtained analytical expressions for the depletion interaction were compa

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7

Caldona, Eugene B., Ernesto I. Borrego, Ketki E. Shelar, Karl M. Mukeba, and Dennis W. Smith. "Ring-Forming Polymerization toward Perfluorocyclobutyl and Ortho-Diynylarene-Derived Materials: From Synthesis to Practical Applications." Materials 14, no. 6 (2021): 1486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14061486.

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Many desirable characteristics of polymers arise from the method of polymerization and structural features of their repeat units, which typically are responsible for the polymer’s performance at the cost of processability. While linear alternatives are popular, polymers composed of cyclic repeat units across their backbones have generally been shown to exhibit higher optical transparency, lower water absorption, and higher glass transition temperatures. These specifically include polymers built with either substituted alicyclic structures or aromatic rings, or both. In this review article, we

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8

Ewert, Ernest, Izabela Pospieszna-Markiewicz, Martyna Szymańska, et al. "New N4-Donor Ligands as Supramolecular Guests for DNA and RNA: Synthesis, Structural Characterization, In Silico, Spectrophotometric and Antimicrobial Studies." Molecules 28, no. 1 (2023): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010400.

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The present work reports the synthesis of new N4-donor compounds carrying p-xylyl spacers in their structure. Different Schiff base aliphatic N-donors were obtained synthetically and subsequently evaluated for their ability to interact with two models of nucleic acids: calf-thymus DNA (CT-DNA) and the RNA from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (herein simply indicated as RNA). In more detail, by condensing p-xylylenediamine and a series of aldehydes, we obtained the following Schiff base ligands: 2-thiazolecarboxaldehyde (L1), pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde (L2), 5-methylisoxazole-3-carboxaldehyde (L3

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9

Chang, L. L., D. L. Raudenbush, and S. K. Dentel. "Aerobic and anaerobic biodegradability of a flocculant polymer." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 2-3 (2001): 461–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0802.

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Flocculant polymers are used to improve the efficiency of separation processes used in wastewater treatment. The subsequent fate and effects of these additives are uncertain, however, with some previous reports indicating them to be biodegradable while others indicate complete recalcitrance. The biodegradability of a common flocculant polymer was therefore evaluated, using both aerobic and anaerobic batch assays. Knowledge of the polymer's chemical composition also allowed degradation stoichiometries to be calculated for complete biodegradation and also for incomplete degradation to several hy

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10

Becskereki, Gergely, George Horvai, and Blanka Tóth. "The Selectivity of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers." Polymers 13, no. 11 (2021): 1781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13111781.

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The general claim about novel molecularly imprinted polymers is that they are selective for their template or for another target compound. This claim is usually proved by some kind of experiment, in which a performance parameter of the imprinted polymer is shown to be better towards its template than towards interferents. A closer look at such experiments shows, however, that different experiments may differ substantially in what they tell about the same imprinted polymer’s selectivity. Following a short general discussion of selectivity concepts, the selectivity of imprinted polymers is analy

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11

Quintero Perez, Henderson Ivan, Maria Carolina Ruiz Cañas, Ruben Hernan Castro Garcia, and Arnold Rafael Romero Bohorquez. "Use of nanoparticles to improve thermochemical resistance of synthetic polymer to enhanced oil recovery applications: a review." CT&F - Ciencia, Tecnología y Futuro 10, no. 2 (2020): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.29047/01225383.259.

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Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide (HPAM) is the polymer most used in chemical enhanced oil recovery (cEOR) processes and it has been implemented in several field projects worldwide. Polymer injection has shown to be an effective EOR process. However, it has not been implemented massively due to HPAM polymer's limitations, mostly related to thermal and chemical degradation caused by exposure at high temperatures and salinities (HTHS). As an alternative, a new generation of chemically stable monomers to improve the properties of HPAM has been assessed at laboratory and field conditions. Howeve

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12

Chitrakar, Chandani, Marc Anthony Torres, Pedro Emanuel Rocha-Flores, Qichan Hu, and Melanie Ecker. "Multifaceted Shape Memory Polymer Technology for Biomedical Application: Combining Self-Softening and Stretchability Properties." Polymers 15, no. 21 (2023): 4226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15214226.

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Thiol-ene polymers are a promising class of biomaterials with a wide range of potential applications, including organs-on-a-chip, microfluidics, drug delivery, and wound healing. These polymers offer flexibility, softening, and shape memory properties. However, they often lack the inherent stretchability required for wearable or implantable devices. This study investigated the incorporation of di-acrylate chain extenders to improve the stretchability and conformability of those flexible thiol-ene polymers. Thiol-ene/acrylate polymers were synthesized using 1,3,5-triallyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1

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Gabler, Anna Maria, Annalena Ludwig, Florian Biener, Magdalena Waldner, Corinna Dawid, and Oliver Frank. "Chemical Characterization of Red Wine Polymers and Their Interaction Affinity with Odorants." Foods 13, no. 4 (2024): 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13040526.

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In order to characterize red wine polymers with regard to their binding properties to aroma compounds (odorants), a qualitative and quantitative analysis of chemical degradation products after different chemical treatments (thiolytic, acidic, and alkaline depolymerization) of high -molecular-weight (HMW) fractions of red wine was performed. Using 1H NMR, LC-ToF-MS, LCMS/MS, and HPIC revealed key structural features such as carbohydrates, organic acids, phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, anthocyanidins, amino acids, and flavan-3-ols responsible for odorant-polymer interactions. Further, NMR-base

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14

Kerr-Phillips, Thomas, Mona Damavandi, Lisa I. Pilkington, Kathryn A. Whitehead, Jadranka Travas-Sejdic, and David Barker. "Effects of Neutral, Anionic and Cationic Polymer Brushes Grafted from Poly(para-phenylene vinylene) and Poly(para-phenylene ethynylene) on the Polymer’s Photoluminescent Properties." Polymers 14, no. 14 (2022): 2767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14142767.

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The conformation of a fluorescent polymer, in the solid state or in solution, plays a critical role in the polymer’s fluorescent properties. Thus, grafted side chains on a fluorescent polymer can directly influence its optical properties. In this study, the effect of grafted polymeric side chains on the photoluminescent properties of poly(para-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) and poly(para-phenylene ethynylene) (PPE) were investigated. Low- and high-molecular-weight grafts of neutral poly(n-butyl acrylate), cationic poly(trimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) and anionic poly(sulfopropyl acrylate) were gr

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15

Hili, Ryan, Chun Guo, Dehui Kong, and Yi Lei. "Expanding the Chemical Diversity of DNA." Synlett 29, no. 11 (2018): 1405–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1591959.

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Nucleic acid polymers can be evolved to exhibit desired properties, including molecular recognition of a molecular target and catalysis of a specific reaction. These properties can be readily evolved despite the dearth of chemical diversity available to nucleic acid polymers, especially when compared to the rich chemical complexity of proteins. Expansion of nucleic acid chemical diversity has therefore been an important thrust for improving their properties for analytical and biomedical applications. Herein, we briefly describe the current state-of-the-art for the sequence-defined incorporatio

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16

Elacqua, Elizabeth, Stephen J. Koehler, and Jinzhen Hu. "Electronically Governed ROMP: Expanding Sequence Control for Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Polymers." Synlett 31, no. 15 (2020): 1435–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1707180.

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Controlling the primary sequence of synthetic polymers remains a grand challenge in chemistry. A variety of methods that exert control over monomer sequence have been realized wherein differential reactivity, pre-organization, and stimuli-response have been key factors in programming sequence. Whereas much has been established in nonconjugated systems, π-extended frameworks remain systems wherein subtle structural changes influence bulk properties. The recent introduction of electronically biased ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) extends the repertoire of feasible approaches to pre

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17

Kumar, Vipin. "Microcellular Polymers: Novel Materials for the 21st Century." Cellular Polymers 12, no. 3 (1993): 207–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026248939301200303.

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Microcellular polymer's produced by gas nucleation, refer to closed cell thermoplastic foams with a very large number of very small cells—typically 108 or more cells per cm3 of order 10μm in diameter. First produced in the early 1980's with the objective of reducing the amount of polymer used in mass produced items, these novel materials have the potential to revolutionize the way thermoplastic polymers are used today. Microcellular plastics have been produced from a number of polymers ranging in relative density from 0.1 to 1.0, containing 108 to 1011 cells per cm3, offering the engineer a ne

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18

Jablonský, Michal, Andrea Škulcová, and Jozef Šima. "Use of Deep Eutectic Solvents in Polymer Chemistry–A Review." Molecules 24, no. 21 (2019): 3978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24213978.

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This review deals with two overlapping issues, namely polymer chemistry and deep eutectic solvents (DESs). With regard to polymers, specific aspects of synthetic polymers, polymerization processes producing such polymers, and natural cellulose-based nanopolymers are evaluated. As for DESs, their compliance with green chemistry requirements, their basic properties and involvement in polymer chemistry are discussed. In addition to reviewing the state-of-the-art for selected kinds of polymers, the paper reveals further possibilities in the employment of DESs in polymer chemistry. As an example, t

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19

He, Jingang, Xiangao Jin, Xiaoying Liu, et al. "Comprehensive Study on Viscosity-Increasing and Oil Displacement Characteristics of Functional Polymer." Processes 13, no. 6 (2025): 1859. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13061859.

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Polymer flooding is one of the critical methods for enhancing oil recovery (EOR) in domestic and international oilfields. Since the large-scale implementation of industrial polymer flooding in Daqing Oilfield in 1996, the overall recovery rate has increased by over 10%. With the advancement of chemical flooding technologies, conventional polymer flooding can no longer meet the practical demands of oilfield development. This study focuses on functional polymers, such as salt-resistant polymers and polymeric surfactants, tailored for Class II and III reservoirs in Daqing Oilfield. A series of ex

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20

Kumar, Vipin. "Microcellular Polymers: Novel Materials for the 21st Century." Progress in Rubber and Plastics Technology 9, no. 1 (1993): 54–70. https://doi.org/10.1177/147776069300900102.

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Microcellular polymer's produced by gas nucleation, refer to closed cell thermoplastic foams with a very large number of very small cells—typically 10 8 or more cells per cm 3 of order 10 μm in diameter. First produced in the early 1980's with the objective of reducing the amount of polymer used in mass produced items, these novel materials have the potential to revolutionize the way thermoplastic polymers are used today. Microcellular plastics have been produced from a number of polymers ranging in relative density from 0.1 to 1.0, containing 10 8 to 10 11 cells per cm 3 , offering the engine

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21

La Mesa, Camillo. "Hybrid Colloids Made with Polymers." Applied Sciences 14, no. 12 (2024): 5135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14125135.

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Polymers adsorb onto nanoparticles, NPs, by different mechanisms. Thus, they reduce coagulation, avoid undesired phase separation or clustering, and give rise to hybrid colloids. These find uses in many applications. In cases of noncovalent interactions, polymers adsorb onto nanoparticles, which protrude from their surface; the polymer in excess remains in the medium. In covalent mode, conversely, polymers form permanent links with functional groups facing outward from the NPs’ surface. Polymers in contact with the solvent minimize attractive interactions among the NPs. Many contributions stab

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22

Lavine, M. S. "POLYMER CHEMISTRY: Arborescent Polymers." Science 294, no. 5540 (2001): 15d—15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.294.5540.15d.

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23

Tyagi, Upendra N., and Paul T. Bowen. "Polymer Characteristics and Attachment Sites in the Sludge Matrix." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 8-9 (1989): 899–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0292.

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This study identified polymer attachment sites in three types of sludge for different molecular weight and charge density cationic polymers. Conditioned and unconditioned sludge samples were treated with cationized ferritin (CF) to label anionic charged sites on the surface of sludge particles. Sludge surfaces were examined using transmission electron microscopy. The presence of CF indicates an anionic site not attached to polymers. For increasing polymer molecular weight, comparison of micrographs of samples conditioned with similar polymer doses showed an increase in CF attachment. Therefore

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Sun, Linghui, Zhirong Zhang, Kaiqi Leng, Bowen Li, Chun Feng, and Xu Huo. "Can Supramolecular Polymers Become Another Material Choice for Polymer Flooding to Enhance Oil Recovery?" Polymers 14, no. 20 (2022): 4405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14204405.

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High molecular polymers have been widely studied and applied in the field of enhanced oil recovery (EOR). At present, the focus of research has been changed to the design of polymer networks with unique properties such as anti-temperature and anti-salinity, good injection and so on. Supramolecular polymers have high viscoelasticity as well as excellent temperature, salt resistance and injection properties. Can supramolecular polymers become another material choice for polymer flooding to enhance oil recovery? The present review aims to systematically introduce supramolecular polymers, includin

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Kozhevnikov, Н. V., N. I. Kozhevnikova, and M. D. Goldfeyn. "Solving Some Environmental Problems of Polymer Chemistry." Izvestiya of Saratov University. Chemistry. Biology. Ecology 10, no. 2 (2010): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2010-10-2-34-42.

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The kinetics and mechanism of vinyl monomer polymerization were studied. Ways to solve some environmental problems of polymer chemistry have been developed, namely, monomer stabilization to avoid the formation of side polymers due to spontaneous polymeriza tion while synthesis, purification and storage of monomers, synthesis of environmentally-pure emulgator-free latexes, synthesis of polymer ic flocculants for water purification from disperse particles.

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De Cachinho Cordeiro, Ivan Miguel, Ao Li, Bo Lin, et al. "Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Zinc-Ion Batteries." Batteries 9, no. 7 (2023): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries9070343.

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To date, zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have been attracting extensive attention due to their outstanding properties and the potential to be the solution for next-generation energy storage systems. However, the uncontrollable growth of zinc dendrites and water-splitting issues seriously restrict their further scalable application. Over the past few years, solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have been regarded as a promising alternative to address these challenges and facilitate the practical advancement of zinc batteries. In this review, we revisit the research progress of SPEs applied in zinc batter

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Briscoe, B. J., and S. K. Sinha. "Wear of polymers." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 216, no. 6 (2002): 401–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/135065002762355325.

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This paper reviews some of the recent progress which has been made in the area of the sliding wear of polymers. Wear mechanisms are classified under three broad approaches which reflect primarily the way this subject has been historically studied. It is demonstrated here that the wear of polymers is influenced by the contact conditions, the bulk mechanical properties of the polymer and the properties of the ‘third body’, which generally appears in the form of transfer film or degraded polymer particles between two sliding surfaces. Further, this paper establishes a link between the different c

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Tehrani, Pezhman Soltani, Hamzeh Ghorbani, Sahar Lajmorak, Omid Molaei, Ahmed E. Radwan, and Saeed Parvizi Ghaleh. "Laboratory study of polymer injection into heavy oil unconventional reservoirs to enhance oil recovery and determination of optimal injection concentration." AIMS Geosciences 8, no. 4 (2022): 579–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/geosci.2022031.

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<abstract> <p>Polymers have been used for many years to control the mobility of injected water and increase the rate of oil extraction from unconventional reservoirs. Polymer flossing improves the volume of the broom, reduces the finger effect, creates channels, and delays water breakage. The combination of these processes has the potential to increase oil production and reduce production costs. To carry out this process, various polymers are used alone or in combination with surfactants and alkalis. In this study, a new type of polymer called FLOPPAM 3630 has been used to investig

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29

Lee, Hwa-Rim, Eun-Su Jung, Jin-Uk Yoo, Tae-Min Choi, and Sung-Gyu Pyo. "Etching Chemistry Process Optimization of Ethylene Diluted with Helium (C2H4/He) in Interconnect Integration." Micromachines 15, no. 12 (2024): 1439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi15121439.

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This study explores the effects of different passivation gases on the properties of polymers formed on aluminum (Al) sidewalls during the etching process in Al-based interconnect structures. The research compares the use of nitrogen (N2) and ethylene diluted with helium (C2H4/He) as passivation gases, focusing on the resulting polymer’s composition, thickness, and strength, as well as the levels of residual chlorine post-etch. The findings reveal that using C2H4 leads to the formation of a thinner, weaker polymer with lower chlorine residue compared to the thicker, stronger polymer formed with

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Shen, Yijun, and Kaiwen Wang. "Polymer applications in drug delivery." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2608, no. 1 (2023): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2608/1/012036.

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Abstract Polymers have been broadly used in consumer goods, drug delivery, formulation, semiconductor, and packaging applications. Generally, polymers would be divided into two categories. The first category is commodity polymers. For instance, many packages of polymers are used daily: LDPE, HDPE, PVC, PE, PS, and PP. Based on the properties of each polymer, applications were adjusted for specific uses. The second category is engineering polymers. For example, PC, PDMS, PET, PA, and POM. This article will discuss polymer applications that mainly focus on drug delivery. Specifically, this artic

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Singh, Divya, B. Bhattacharya, and Hardev Singh Virk. "Conductivity Modulation in Polymer Electrolytes and their Composites due to Ion-Beam Irradiation." Solid State Phenomena 239 (August 2015): 110–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.239.110.

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Polymers are a class of materials widely used in different fields of applications. With imminent applications of polymers, the study of radiation induced changes in polymers has become an obvious scientific demand. The bombardment by ion beam radiations has become one of the most promising techniques in present day polymer research. When the polymers are irradiated, a variety of physical and chemical changes takes place due to energy deposition of the radiation in the polymer matrix. Scissoring, cross-linking, recombination, radical decomposition, etc. are some of the interesting changes that

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Puchnin, Kirill, Dmitriy Ryazantsev, Egor Latipov, Vitaliy Grudtsov, and Alexander Kuznetsov. "Off-Stoichiometry Thiol–Ene Polymers: Inclusion of Anchor Groups Using Allylsilanes." Polymers 15, no. 6 (2023): 1329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15061329.

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The use of polymers in silicon chips is of great importance for the development of microelectronic and biomedical industries. In this study, new silane-containing polymers, called OSTE-AS polymers, were developed based on off-stoichiometry thiol–ene polymers. These polymers can bond to silicon wafers without pretreatment of the surface by an adhesive. Silane groups were included in the polymer using allylsilanes, with the thiol monomer as the target of modification. The polymer composition was optimized to provide the maximum hardness, the maximum tensile strength, and good bonding with the si

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Jones, Richard G., Tatsuki Kitayama, Karl-Heinz Hellwich, et al. "Source-based nomenclature for single-strand homopolymers and copolymers (IUPAC Recommendations 2016)." Pure and Applied Chemistry 88, no. 10-11 (2016): 1073–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2015-0702.

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AbstractIUPAC recommendations on source-based nomenclature for single-strand polymers have so far addressed its application mainly to copolymers, non-linear polymers and polymer assemblies, and within generic source-based nomenclature of polymers. In this document, rules are formulated for devising a satisfactory source-based name for a polymer, whether homopolymer or copolymer, which are as clear and rigorous as possible. Thus, the source-based system for naming polymers is presented in a totality that serves as a user-friendly alternative to the structure-based system of polymer nomenclature

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Khan, Shahab, and Aroosa Iqbal. "Organic polymers revolution: Applications and formation strategies, and future perspectives." Journal of Polymer Science and Engineering 6, no. 1 (2023): 3125. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/jpse.v6i1.3125.

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The history of organic polymers is a remarkable journey from the discovery of natural materials like rubber and silk to the development of sophisticated synthetic polymers that have transformed industries and modern life. This comprehensive review article presents a detailed account of the evolution of organic polymers. It begins with the early uses of natural polymers and explores key breakthroughs, including the invention of Bakelite, nylon, and neoprene. The theoretical foundations of polymer science, laid by Hermann Staudinger, are discussed, and the post-war surge in polymer development i

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Parnian, Pooyan, and Alberto D’Amore. "Fabrication of High-Performance CNT Reinforced Polymer Composite for Additive Manufacturing by Phase Inversion Technique." Polymers 13, no. 22 (2021): 4007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13224007.

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Additive Manufacturing (AM) of polymer composites has enabled the fabrication of highly customized parts with notably mechanical properties, thermal and electrical conductivity compared to un-reinforced polymers. Employing the reinforcements was a key factor in improving the properties of polymers after being 3D printed. However, almost all the existing 3D printing methods could make the most of disparate fiber reinforcement techniques, the fused filament fabrication (FFF) method is reviewed in this study to better understand its flexibility to employ for the proposed novel method. Carbon nano

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Ainurofi, Ahmad, Amalia Daryati, Faradisania A. Murtadla, Fatimatus Salimah, Nila M. Akbar, and Rizka A. Faizun. "The Use of Natural and Synthetic Polymers in the Formulation of Gastro retentive Drug Delivery System." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY 13, no. 01 (2023): 434–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.13.1.69.

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The gastric emptying process drastically reduces the bioavailability of drugs that target the stomach for their action. A gastro retentive drug delivery system (GRDDS) becomes a solution to retain drugs in the stomach and release drugs from the formulation system within a certain period. The polymer used in the GRDDS formulation is the essential excipient that can retain the drugs in the stomach. Several ways for GRDDS to maintain its existence in the stomach are using some systems, such as mucoadhesive, low-density, high-density, swellable, eff ervescent, and expandable systems. A polymer is

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Miroznicenco, Ana, Gabriel Saracu, Vasile Bria, Mihaela-Claudia Gorovei, and Adrian Circiumaru. "Mechanical Properties of PMMA and PLA Modified Epoxy Resins." Materiale Plastice 60, no. 4 (2024): 167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.23.4.5696.

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Last years research in polymers registered an increase of interest regarding polymer mixtures aiming to obtain materials with properties of the mixed polymers. In this respect many studies are pointing the mixtures between a thermoset polymer and a thermoplastic polymer. It is known the fact that thermoplastic polymers are much more malleable than the thermoset ones and the goal is to obtain a mixture with the general properties of the thermoset polymer and with a machining ability proper to the thermoset polymer. The vitrimers are this type of polymers and, some of them, can be obtained by mi

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Hu, Wenping, Hiroshi Nakashima, Erjing Wang, et al. "Advancing conjugated polymers into nanometer-scale devices." Pure and Applied Chemistry 78, no. 10 (2006): 1803–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200678101803.

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In this article, we review the possibility of combining conjugated polymers with nanometer-scale devices (nanodevices), in order to introduce the properties associated with conjugated polymers into such nanodevices. This approach envisages combining the highly topical disciplines of polymer electronics and nanoelectronics to engender a new subdirection of polymer nanoelectronics, which can serve as a tool to probe the behavior of polymer molecules at the nanometer/molecular level, and contribute to clarifying transport mechanisms in conjugated polymers. In this study, we exemplify this combina

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Bahrami, M., M. M. Yovanovich, and E. E. Marotta. "Thermal Joint Resistance of Polymer-Metal Rough Interfaces." Journal of Electronic Packaging 128, no. 1 (2005): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2159005.

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A compact analytical model is proposed for predicting thermal joint resistance of rough polymer-metal interfaces in a vacuum. The model assumes plastic deformation at microcontacts and joint temperatures less than the polymer’s glassy temperature. The joint resistance includes two components: (i) bulk resistance of the polymer, and (ii) microcontacts resistance, i.e., constriction∕spreading resistance of the microcontacts at the interface. Performing a deformation analysis, it is shown that the deformation mode of surface asperities is plastic for most polymers studied. It is observed that the

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Lutz, Jean-François, Makoto Ouchi, David R. Liu, and Mitsuo Sawamoto. "Sequence-Controlled Polymers." Science 341, no. 6146 (2013): 1238149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1238149.

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Sequence-controlled polymers are macromolecules in which monomer units of different chemical nature are arranged in an ordered fashion. The most prominent examples are biological and have been studied and used primarily by molecular biologists and biochemists. However, recent progress in protein- and DNA-based nanotechnologies has shown the relevance of sequence-controlled polymers to nonbiological applications, including data storage, nanoelectronics, and catalysis. In addition, synthetic polymer chemistry has provided interesting routes for preparing nonnatural sequence-controlled polymers.

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Rayung, Marwah, Min Min Aung, Shah Christirani Azhar, et al. "Bio-Based Polymer Electrolytes for Electrochemical Devices: Insight into the Ionic Conductivity Performance." Materials 13, no. 4 (2020): 838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13040838.

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With the continuing efforts to explore alternatives to petrochemical-based polymers and the escalating demand to minimize environmental impact, bio-based polymers have gained a massive amount of attention over the last few decades. The potential uses of these bio-based polymers are varied, from household goods to high end and advanced applications. To some extent, they can solve the depletion and sustainability issues of conventional polymers. As such, this article reviews the trends and developments of bio-based polymers for the preparation of polymer electrolytes that are intended for use in

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Kumar, Naveen, Sonia Pahuja, and Ranjit Sharma. "Pharmaceutical Polymers - A Review." International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology 9, no. 01 (2019): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.9.1.5.

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Humans have taken advantage of the adaptability of polymers for centuries in the form of resins, gums tars, and oils. However, it was not until the industrial revolution that the modern polymer industry began to develop. Polymers represent an important constituent of pharmaceutical dosage forms. Polymers have played vital roles in the formulation of pharmaceutical products. Polymers have been used as a major tool to manage the drug release rate from the formulations. Synthetic and natural-based polymers have found their way into the biomedical and pharmaceutical industries. Synthetic and Natur

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Bechtel, Stephan, Rouven Schweitzer, Maximilian Frey, Ralf Busch, and Hans-Georg Herrmann. "Material Extrusion of Structural Polymer–Aluminum Joints—Examining Shear Strength, Wetting, Polymer Melt Rheology and Aging." Materials 15, no. 9 (2022): 3120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15093120.

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Generating polymer–metal structures by means of additive manufacturing offers huge potential for customized, sustainable and lightweight solutions. However, challenges exist, primarily with regard to reliability and reproducibility of the additively generated joints. In this study, the polymers ABS, PETG and PLA, which are common in material extrusion, were joined to grit-blasted aluminum substrates. Temperature dependence of polymer melt rheology, wetting and tensile single-lap-shear strength were examined in order to obtain appropriate thermal processing conditions. Joints with high adhesive

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Bechtel, Stephan, Rouven Schweitzer, Maximilian Frey, Ralf Busch, and Hans-Georg Herrmann. "Material Extrusion of Structural Polymer–Aluminum Joints—Examining Shear Strength, Wetting, Polymer Melt Rheology and Aging." Materials 15, no. 9 (2022): 3120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15093120.

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Generating polymer–metal structures by means of additive manufacturing offers huge potential for customized, sustainable and lightweight solutions. However, challenges exist, primarily with regard to reliability and reproducibility of the additively generated joints. In this study, the polymers ABS, PETG and PLA, which are common in material extrusion, were joined to grit-blasted aluminum substrates. Temperature dependence of polymer melt rheology, wetting and tensile single-lap-shear strength were examined in order to obtain appropriate thermal processing conditions. Joints with high adhesive

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Chen, Weifeng, Shaona Chen, Weimin Hu, Dejiang Li, and Zhongxu Dai. "The Preparation Approaches of Polymer/graphene Nanocomposites and their Appilcation Research Progress as Electrochemical Sensors." Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 20, no. 4 (2017): 205–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14447/jnmes.v20i4.356.

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Graphene, a two-dimensional sheet of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms packed into a honeycomb lattice, can be combined with various polymers through different methods and techniques. Polymer/graphene nanocomposites are expected to not only preserve the fa-vorable properties of graphene and polymers, but also greatly enhance the intrinsic properties due to the synergetic effect between them. In this review, the preparation approaches of graphene/polymer nanocomposites, including melt blending, solution blending, in-situ polymeri-zation and in-situ synthesis, were presented comprehensively in order t

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Wu, Cai-Ying, and Walter A. Aue. "Protected porous polymers." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 3 (1989): 389–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v89-062.

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This study was designed to answer the question whether the chromatographic performance of porous polymers — serving here as a model system for pressure-sensitive separation media of relatively large mass transfer resistance — could be improved (a) by imposing on them a chromatographically favorable, extrinsic macrostructure and (b) by protecting that macrostructure against physical deformation. Packed-column gas chromatography was used as the test system.Protected porous polymers (PPP's) were synthesized from pure divinylbenzene (DVB) inside conventional diatomaceous supports, using various am

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Schmidt, Bernhard V. K. J. "Hydrophilic Polymers." Polymers 11, no. 4 (2019): 693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11040693.

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Ekene, Daraojiaku Augustine, Nwachukwu Angela Nkechi, Okereke Ndubuisi Uchechukwu, Ihekoronye Kingsley Kelechi, and Uwaezuoke Nnaemeka. "Experimental Investigation of the Suitability of Afzelia africana and Colocasian esculenta as Alternative to Hydroxyethyl cellulose in Enhanced Oil Recovery." Petroleum Science and Engineering 8, no. 1 (2024): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.pse.20240801.13.

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Polymer flooding is a chemical enhanced oil recovery where polymer is injected into the reservoir to recover oil that remained in the reservoir after the primary and secondary recovery mechanisms, improves oil recovery by reducing the water mobility ratio and increases the viscosity of the displacing fluids for sweep displacement efficiency of the reservoir. Synthetic polymers are widely used chemical enhanced oil recovery. However, there is a big concern about the high cost of these polymers which can result to high cost of oil production and environmental concerns due to the toxic nature of

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Huljannah, Miftah, Fitra Ayu Lestari, and Tomi Erfando. "Preliminary Study on The Utilization Of Seaweed and Green Grass Jelly Leaves as Candidate Alternatives for EOR Polymer." TEKNIK 41, no. 3 (2020): 246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/teknik.v41i3.28148.

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The declining in production can occur because wells that have been producing for a long time are no longer able to lift oil to the surface in primary and secondary ways. Therefore, tertiary methods such as chemical injection like polymer flooding were carried out. Polymers commonly used in flooding polymers are divided into three namely synthetic polymers, biopolymers, and natural polymers. Natural polymers have abundant sources such as seaweed and grass jelly. This study was aimed to identify alternative renewable polymers as flooding polymer materials by knowing initial characteristics such

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Ruqaya Raad and Mustafa Abdallh. "Surface modification to enhance photo-stability of polymers." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 11, no. 2 (2022): 080–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2022.11.2.0130.

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Photo-degradation is an irreversible alteration in the chemical, mechanical and physical properties of polymers, these alterations are a result of photon absorption from sunlight. UV-light is considered to be the main factor for initiating photo-degradation process of polymers. To extend the lifetime of polymers, their durability, overall minimization of the rate of photo degradation and protection of polymers against environmental factors, stabilizers are introduced to polymers. In addition, since the interaction of the polymer with its environment occurs mainly at the surface of the polymer,

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