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Journal articles on the topic 'Polymorphic state'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Hsu, Cheng-Hung, Wen-Ting Ke, and Shan-Yang Lin. "Progressive Steps of Polymorphic Transformation of Gabapentin Polymorphs Studied by Hot-stage FTIR Microspectroscopy." Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences 13, no. 1 (2010): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18433/j3fs32.

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Purpose. The aim of this study was to determine the progressive processes of polymorphic transformation of different gabapentin (GBP) polymorphs by using hot-stage Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy. Methods. Four polymorphs of GBP were previously prepared and then identified by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, FTIR microspectroscopy and X-ray powder diffractometry. A novel hot-stage FTIR microspectroscopic technique was used to investigate the progressive steps of polymorphic transformation of each GBP polymorph sealed within two piece

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Ângelo, Marilene, Jennifer Jacon, Olimpia Maria Santos, et al. "Occurrence of polymorphism in famotidine raw materials." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (2014): C1563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314084368.

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Polymorphs are compounds with the same chemical composition, however the molecules are arranged in at least two different ways in the solid state. Famotidine is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist inhibitor of gastric secretion and widely used in gastric and duodenal ulcer disease. Two polymorphs are described for famotidine, A and B. The polymorph A is the most thermodynamically stable form and polymorph B is the kinetically favored form being marketed because it presents greater pharmacological activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of famotidine polymorphs in five raw

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3

Tao, Yue, Yuhan Gao, Baoxi Zhang, et al. "Advances in Quantitative Analytical Methods for Solid Drugs." Crystals 15, no. 1 (2024): 38. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15010038.

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The solid form of the drug can directly affect the physicochemical properties, bioavailability, safety, and efficacy of the drug, and its types mainly include amorphous state, single-component polycrystalline, hydrate, solvate, salt, and cocrystal. Polymorphic drugs are solid drugs whose active ingredients exist in a specific crystalline state. Polymorphic drugs are solid drugs whose active ingredients exist in a specific crystalline state. Drug polymorphism refers to the presence of two or more different crystalline states of the drug. Pharmaceutical cocrystal is a new type of solid form that

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4

Aramini, Andrea, Gianluca Bianchini, Samuele Lillini, et al. "Unexpected Salt/Cocrystal Polymorphism of the Ketoprofen–Lysine System: Discovery of a New Ketoprofen–l-Lysine Salt Polymorph with Different Physicochemical and Pharmacokinetic Properties." Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 6 (2021): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14060555.

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Ketoprofen–l-lysine salt (KLS) is a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Here, we studied deeply the solid-state characteristics of KLS to possibly identify new polymorphic drugs. Conducting a polymorph screening study and combining conventional techniques with solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, we identified, for the first time, a salt/cocrystal polymorphism of the ketoprofen (KET)–lysine (LYS) system, with the cocrystal, KET–LYS polymorph 1 (P1), being representative of commercial KLS, and the salt, KET–LYS polymorph 2 (P2), being a new polymorphic form of KLS. Interestingly

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Pogoda, Dorota, Jan Janczak, and Veneta Videnova-Adrabinska. "New polymorphs of an old drug: conformational and synthon polymorphism of 5-nitrofurazone." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials 72, no. 2 (2016): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052520615024956.

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Two new polymorphic forms of 5-nitrofurazone (5-nitro-2-furaldehyde semicarbazone) have been synthesized and structurally characterized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction methods, vibrational spectroscopy (FT–IR and temperature Raman), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Hirshfeld surface analysis. The compound crystallizes in three different polymorphic formsP21/a(polymorph α),P21(polymorph β) andP21/c(polymorph γ), the crystal structures of two of which (polymorphs β and γ) represent new structure determinations. The solid-state molecular

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6

Masum, Zia Uddin, P. Grant Spoors, Matt D. Burke, and Vivek Gupta. "Novel Polymorphic Patterns for Elacestrant Dihydrochloride." Pharmaceutics 17, no. 6 (2025): 745. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17060745.

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Objective: This study expands on the polymorphic characterization of elacestrant dihydrochloride, developed by Stemline Therapeutics and approved by the FDA in 2023. The article focuses on more extensive polymorphism screening using various methods and solvents to discover the new polymorphism forms of this molecule, besides identifying three polymorphic forms in the previously published studies. Methods: The crystalline and amorphous elacestrant hydrochloride solubility was assessed, and crystals were formed, followed by polymorph screening using 40 non-conventional solvents via different tec

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Acebedo-Martínez, Francisco Javier, Carolina Alarcón-Payer, Antonio Frontera, et al. "Novel Polymorphic Cocrystals of the Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Niflumic Acid: Expanding the Pharmaceutical Landscape." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 12 (2021): 2140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13122140.

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Any time the pharmaceutical industry develops a new drug, potential polymorphic events must be thoroughly described, because in a crystalline pharmaceutical solid, different arrangements of the same active pharmaceutical ingredient can yield to very different physicochemical properties that might be crucial for its efficacy, such as dissolution, solubility, or stability. Polymorphism in cocrystal formulation cannot be neglected, either. In this work, two different cocrystal polymorphs of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug niflumic acid and caffeine are reported. They have been synthesize

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Falk, Jacqueline, Detlef Hofmann, and Klaus Merz. "Controlled usage of H/D exchange to circumvent concomitant polymorphs of ROY." IUCrJ 5, no. 5 (2018): 569–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052252518009995.

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The hypothesis that H/D exchange affects the structural formation of organic compounds in the solid state is supported by a deeper understanding of the altering polymorphism of ROY (a substance striking for its high number of polymorphic forms) through deuteration. Therefore, ROY was deuterated at its amine function, which leads to a seemingly small yet effective modification of the hydrogen-bond strength. In contrast to the crystallization of the non-deuterated ROY in methanol or ethanol, which leads to the simultaneous formation of two forms (OP and Y polymorphs), so-called concomitant polym

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Declerck, Arnout, Veronique Nelis, Sabine Danthine, Koen Dewettinck, and Paul Van der Meeren. "Characterisation of Fat Crystal Polymorphism in Cocoa Butter by Time-Domain NMR and DSC Deconvolution." Foods 10, no. 3 (2021): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10030520.

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The polymorphic state of edible fats is an important quality parameter in fat research as well as in industrial applications. Nowadays, X-ray diffraction (XRD) is the most commonly used method to determine the polymorphic state. However, quantification of the different polymorphic forms present in a sample is not straightforward. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) is another method which provides information about fat crystallization processes: the different peaks in the DSC spectrum can be coupled to the melting/crystallisation of certain polymorphs. During the last decade, nuclear magne

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10

An, Ji-Hun, Wonno Youn, Alice Kiyonga, et al. "Kinetics of the Solution-Mediated Polymorphic Transformation of the Novel l-Carnitine Orotate Polymorph, Form-II." Pharmaceutics 10, no. 4 (2018): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics10040171.

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Research studies related to the polymorphs of l-Carnitine orotate (CO), a medication used for the treatment and prevention of liver diseases, are insignificant or almost nonexistent. Accordingly, in the present study, l-Carnitine orotate (CO) was prepared for investigating CO polymorphs. Here, a reactive crystallization was induced by reacting 1g of l-Carn (1 equivalent) and 0.97 g of OA (1 equivalent) in methanol (MeOH); as a result, CO form-I and CO form-II polymorphs were obtained after 1 h and 16 h of stirring, respectively. The characterization of CO polymorphs was carried out utilizing P

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Rajendrakumar, Satyasree, Anuja Surampudi Venkata Sai Durga, Jagadeesh Babu Nanubolu, and Sridhar Balasubramanian. "Two novel polymorphic forms of iron-chelating agent deferiprone." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 76, no. 2 (2020): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229620000959.

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Thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder requiring life-long blood transfusions. This process often results in iron overload and can be treated by an iron-chelating agent, like deferiprone (3-hydroxy-1,2-dimethylpyridin-4-one), C7H9NO2, in an oral formulation. The first crystal structure of deferiprone, (Ia), was reported in 1988 [Nelson et al. (1988). Can. J. Chem. 66, 123–131]. In the present study, two novel polymorphic forms, (Ib) and (Ic), of deferiprone were identified concomitantly with polymorph (Ia) during the crystallization experiments. Polymorph (Ia) was redetermined at low temperat

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Akbor, Maruf Mohammad, Nobuyuki Kurosawa, Hiroki Nakayama, et al. "Polymorphic SERPINA3 prolongs oligomeric state of amyloid beta." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (2021): e0248027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248027.

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Molecular chaperon SERPINA3 colocalizes with accumulated amyloid peptide in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patient’s brain. From the QTL analysis, we narrowed down Serpina3 with two SNPs in senescence-accelerated mouse prone (SAMP) 8 strain. Our study showed SAMP8 type Serpina3 prolonged retention of oligomeric Aβ 42 for longer duration (72 hr) while observing under transmission electron microscope (TEM). From Western blot results, we confirmed presence of Aβ 42 oligomeric forms (trimers, tetramers) were maintained for longer duration only in the presences of SAMP8 type Serpina3. Using SH-SY5Y neuro

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Hatsumi, Machiko. "Karyotype polymorphism in Drosophila albomicans." Genome 29, no. 3 (1987): 395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g87-069.

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Supernumerary (B) chromosomes are present in Thai, Malay, and Burmese populations of Drosophila albomicans (2n = 6) in a polymorphic state. Although usually stable at mitosis, their numbers differed between individuals and their frequency was also different between isofemale lines and between populations. Arm 3 of the X3 chromosome was polymorphic for the presence and the size of a procentric heterochromatic segment. Chromosome 4 is polytypic for variation in length governed by differences in the amount of heterochromatin and the long variant is polymorphic for the location of its secondary co

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14

Czernek, Jiří, and Jiří Brus. "Polymorphic Forms of Valinomycin Investigated by NMR Crystallography." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 14 (2020): 4907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21144907.

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A dodecadepsipeptide valinomycin (VLM) has been most recently reported to be a potential anti-coronavirus drug that could be efficiently produced on a large scale. It is thus of importance to study solid-phase forms of VLM in order to be able to ensure its polymorphic purity in drug formulations. The previously available solid-state NMR (SSNMR) data are combined with the plane-wave DFT computations in the NMR crystallography framework. Structural/spectroscopical predictions (the PBE functional/GIPAW method) are obtained to characterize four polymorphs of VLM. Interactions which confer a confor

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15

Yasnot Acosta, María Fernanda, Gustavo Enrique Quintero P, María Camila Velasco P, and Virginia Consuelo Rodríguez R. "GENOTYPING OF Plasmodium falciparum WITH Pfmsp1, Pfmsp2 AND Pfglurp IN THE SOUTH OF CÓRDOBA, COLOMBIA." Revista Avances en Salud 1, no. 2 (2017): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21897/25394622.3447.

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Introduction. Plasmodium falciparum is a highly polymorphic parasite. This condition allows it to evade the immune response of the host, to disseminate drug resistance and to favor transmission. Objective. To know the polymorphism of Pfmsp-1, Pfmsp-2 and Pfglurp markers in patients with P. falciparum malaria in the endemic area of the state of CórdobaColombiaG. Materials and methods. Genomic DNA extraction and Nested polymerase chain reaction (Nested PCR) were used to genotype clinical strains of Plasmodium falciparum from the endemic area of the State of Córdoba, Colombia. Results. The most p

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16

Hetmańczyk, Łukasz, Przemysław Szklarz, Agnieszka Kwocz, et al. "Polymorphism and Conformational Equilibrium of Nitro-Acetophenone in Solid State and under Matrix Conditions." Molecules 26, no. 11 (2021): 3109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113109.

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Conformational and polymorphic states in the nitro-derivative of o-hydroxy acetophenone have been studied by experimental and theoretical methods. The potential energy curves for the rotation of the nitro group and isomerization of the hydroxyl group have been calculated by density functional theory (DFT) to estimate the barriers of the conformational changes. Two polymorphic forms of the studied compound were obtained by the slow and fast evaporation of polar and non-polar solutions, respectively. Both of the polymorphs were investigated by Infrared-Red (IR) and Raman spectroscopy, Incoherent

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17

Rychłewska, Urszula, Miloš Buděšínský, Beata Szczepanska, Ełżbieta Błoszyk, and Miroslav Holub. "Two Crystalline Forms of Sesquiterpene Lactone Helenalin - X-Ray and NMR Study." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 60, no. 2 (1995): 276–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19950276.

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Helenalin, a naturally occurring sesquiterpene lactone of the pseudoguaianolide type, has been reported to exist in two polymorphic forms, both crystallizing in the monoclinic space group P21. In this paper we report the X-ray structure of the third room temperature polymorph, crystallizing in the orthorhombic space group P212121. The isolated molecules in all three polymorphs exhibit nearly the same molecular conformation, so the three crystalline modifications differ mainly in the mode the molecules pack in the solid state. Two main hydrogen bond acceptors, the oxygen atom of the cyclopenten

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18

Bentzen, Paul, and Jonathan M. Wright. "Nucleotide sequence and evolutionary conservation of a minisatellite variable number tandem repeat cloned from Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar." Genome 36, no. 2 (1993): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g93-038.

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We describe the nucleotide sequence, extent of polymorphism, and evolutionary conservation of a minisatellite cloned from a fish, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). The Ssal minisatellite contains a 16-bp repeat exhibiting partial sequence identity to bird and mammal minisatellites but most closely resembling an insect minisatellite (81% sequence identity). The Ssal locus exhibits a minimum of three to seven alleles per population in three eastern North American salmon populations. A probe based on the nonrepetitive 5′ flank of Ssal detected a polymorphic locus in a variety of salmoid species, sug

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Kidd, W. Christopher, Peter Varlashkin, and Chia-yu Li. "The applicability of powder X-ray diffraction to the quantification of drug substance polymorphs using a model organic system." Powder Diffraction 8, no. 3 (1993): 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715600018157.

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With a new emphasis on the control of polymorphism in pharmaceutical production, the need for methods to quantify polymorphic forms has arisen. Techniques using X-ray powder diffraction are increasingly being used to characterize the phases of drug substances that exist in multiple crystal forms. Current methods to identify the polymorphic phases in a drug substance include microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis (DSC/TGA), solid state NMR, and X-ray powder diffraction. Of the aforementioned techniques, X-ray powder diffraction provides the most effective approach to identify and q

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Batisai, Eustina, Vincent J. Smith, Susan A. Bourne, and Nikoletta B. Báthori. "Solid state structures ofp-cresol revisited." CrystEngComm 17, no. 28 (2015): 5134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ce02334j.

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Rustichelli, C., G. Gamberini, V. Ferioli, M. C. Gamberini, R. Ficarra, and S. Tommasini. "Solid-state study of polymorphic drugs: carbamazepine." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 23, no. 1 (2000): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0731-7085(00)00262-4.

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22

Parreaux, Lionel, Aleksander Boruch-Gruszecki, Andong Fan, and Chun Yin Chau. "When Subtyping Constraints Liberate: A Novel Type Inference Approach for First-Class Polymorphism." Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages 8, POPL (2024): 1418–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3632890.

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Type inference in the presence of first-class or “impredicative” second-order polymorphism à la System F has been an active research area for several decades, with original works dating back to the end of the 80s. Yet, until now many basic problems remain open, such as how to type check expressions like (𝜆𝑥. (𝑥 123, 𝑥 True)) id reliably. We show that a type inference approach based on multi-bounded polymorphism, a form of implicit polymorphic subtyping with multiple lower and upper bounds, can help us resolve most of these problems in a uniquely simple and regular way. We define F {≤} , a decl

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Atef, Eman, Harsh Chauhan, Dev Prasad, Dunesh Kumari, and Charles Pidgeon. "Quantifying Solid-State Mixtures of Crystalline Indomethacin by Raman Spectroscopy Comparison with Thermal Analysis." ISRN Chromatography 2012 (February 6, 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/892806.

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This paper investigates Raman spectroscopy as a quick and reliable method to quantify the alpha (α) and gamma (γ) polymorphic forms of indomethacin compared to differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Binary mixtures with different ratios of α and γ indomethacin were prepared and analyzed by Raman and DSC. The Raman method was found to be more reliable and superior compared to DSC. The partial conversion of the alpha to gamma polymorphic form during the DSC measurement was the major limitation for the use of full DSC as a quantitative method and resulted in difference between the calculated an

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Mantas, Athanasios, and Albert Mihranyan. "Dissolution Behavior of Flufenamic Acid in Heated Mixtures with Nanocellulose." Molecules 25, no. 6 (2020): 1277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25061277.

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Flufenamic acid (FFA) is a problem drug that has up to eight different polymorphs and shows poor solubility. Variability in bioavailability has been reported in the past resulting in limited use of FFA in the oral solid dosage form. The goal of this article was to investigate the polymorphism and amorphization behavior of FFA in non-heated and heated mixtures with high surface area nanocellulose, i.e., Cladophora cellulose (CLAD). As a benchmark, low surface area microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was used. The solid-state properties of mixtures were characterized with X-ray diffraction, Fourier

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Ryznychuk, Mariana, Olena Bolshova, Dmytro Kvachenyuk, Natalya Sprinchuk, and Tetiana Malinovska. "GENETIC FEATURES OF CHILDREN WITH IDIOPATHIC SHORT STATURE." Wiadomości Lekarskie 76, no. 2 (2023): 320–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202302111.

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The aim: To investigate the clinical and genetic characteristics of children with idiopathic short stature, taking into account the polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) BsmI gene. Materials and methods: Eighteen children diagnosed with of idiopathic short stature who were treated at the State Institution «V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine» were examined. The following values were taken into account: the patient’s sex and age, anthropometric data, vitamin D level in the blood (excluding summer months of pati

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Shakywar, Ramesh Chandra, Siddhartha Singh, Amit Kumar Singh, Brijesh Kumar Singh, Pradeep Kumar Yadav, and Dileep Kumar Pandey. "Genetic divergence study of wild edible mushroom in East Siang district of Arunachal Pradesh using simple sequence repeat markers." ECOLOGY, ENVIRONMENT AND CONSERVATION 30, Suppl (2024): S425—S430. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2024.v30i05s.066.

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The state of Arunachal Pradesh located in the eastern Himalayan region is part of the Himalaya biodiversity hotspots. It is the largest mountainous state of India and recognized as a globally important eco-region (out of 200). In the state, people collect and consume wild-growing mushrooms exclusively based on the indigenous knowledge of the morphology of fruiting bodies. Information on the level of genetic diversity among these varieties is scarce. The genetic diversity of 10 wild edible mushrooms (WEM) represent almost all the common mushrooms sold and eaten by local people of East Siang, Ar

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Girin, Oleg. "ELECTROCHEMICAL POLYMORPHIC PHASE FORMATION IN METALS." Acta Metallurgica Slovaca 27, no. 3 (2021): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36547/ams.27.3.1011.

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The phenomenon of electrochemical phase formation in metals and alloys via a supercooled liquid state stage was discussed. Assuming the electrodeposited metal to be a product of formation and ultrarapid solidification of supercooled metallic liquid, a possibility of metastable phase formation during electrodeposition of polymorphous metals was suggested. It was anticipated that the polymorphic transition of the metal’s metastable form to the stable one occurs by shear, as does the martensitic transformation. To enable revealing an orientation relationship between grains of the two phases, a me

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Tschauner, Oliver. "Corresponding States for Volumes of Elemental Solids at Their Pressures of Polymorphic Transformations." Crystals 12, no. 12 (2022): 1698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12121698.

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Many non-molecular elemental solids exhibit common features in their structures over the range of 0 to 0.5 TPa that have been correlated with equivalent valence electron configurations. Here, it is shown that the pressures and volumes at polymorphic transitions obey corresponding states given by a single, empirical universal step-function Vtr/L = −0.0208(3) · Ptr + Ni, where Vtr is the atomic volume in Å3 at a given transformation pressure Ptr in GPa, and L is the principal quantum number. Ni assumes discrete values of approximately 20, 30, 40, etc. times the cube of the Bohr radius, thus sepa

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Matsuo, Kimihiro, and Masakuni Matsuoka. "Kinetics of Solid State Polymorphic Transition of Caffeine." JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 40, no. 6 (2007): 468–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/jcej.40.468.

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Wright, James S., Iñigo J. Vitórica-Yrezábal, Harry Adams, Stephen P. Thompson, Adrian H. Hill, and Lee Brammer. "Solvent-vapour-assisted pathways and the role of pre-organization in solid-state transformations of coordination polymers." IUCrJ 2, no. 2 (2015): 188–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052252515000147.

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A family of one-dimensional coordination polymers, [Ag4(O2C(CF2)2CF3)4(phenazine)2(arene)n]·m(arene),1(arene = toluene or xylene), have been synthesized and crystallographically characterized. Arene guest loss invokes structural transformations to yield a pair of polymorphic coordination polymers [Ag4(O2C(CF2)2CF3)4(phenazine)2],2aand/or2b, with one- and two-dimensional architectures, respectively. The role of pre-organization of the polymer chains of1in the selectivity for formation of either polymorph is explored, and the templating effect of toluene andp-xylene overo-xylene orm-xylene in th

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Hoover, M. L., J. Marks, J. Chipman, E. Palmer, P. Stastny, and J. D. Capra. "Restriction fragment length polymorphism of the gene encoding the alpha chain of the human T cell receptor." Journal of Experimental Medicine 162, no. 3 (1985): 1087–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.162.3.1087.

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Two allelic forms of the T cell antigen receptor alpha chain gene were discerned by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) employing the T cell antigen receptor alpha chain probe pGA5, and the restriction enzyme Bgl II. Analysis revealed that the polymorphic fragments are detected by a probe specific for the constant region exon of the T cell antigen receptor alpha chain gene. Furthermore, the polymorphic fragments were shown to segregate within families. The two allelic forms yield two homozygous states, 3.2/3.2 and 2.9/2.9, at a frequency of 76.5 and 2.9%, respectively, within the n

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Sponton, Carlos H., Rodrigo Esposti, Cynara M. Rodovalho, et al. "The presence of the NOS3 gene polymorphism for intron 4 mitigates the beneficial effects of exercise training on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in adults." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 306, no. 12 (2014): H1679—H1691. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00844.2013.

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The number of studies that have evaluated exercise training (ET) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS)3 gene polymorphisms is scarce. The present study was designed to evaluate the relationship between exercise training and NOS3 polymorphisms at −786T>C, 894G>T, and intron 4b/a on blood pressure (BP) using 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM), nitrate/nitrite levels (NO x), and redox state. Eighty-six volunteers (51 ± 0.6 yr old) were genotyped into nonpolymorphic and polymorphic groups for each of the three positions of NOS3 polymorphisms. Auscultatory BP, ABPM, SOD activity, catalase activit

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Nath, J. K., N. Phukan, and K. K. Bania. "Synthesis, and Crystal Structures, of a 1D Cobalt-Coordination Polymer Based on of a Flexible Imidazole-Linked Naphthalenediimide Ligand and its Polymorphic Forms." Журнал структурной химии 66, no. 8 (2025): 149706. https://doi.org/10.26902/jsc_id149706.

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Two polymorphs of 2,7-bis(3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propyl)benzo[lmn][3,8]phenanthroline-1,3,6,8(2H,7H)-tetraone (L) and a one-dimensional (1D) cobalt coordination polymer of L (Co-Poly) have been successfully synthesized and reported. These polymorphs were crystallized using different solvent systems—polymorph 1 in dimethylformamide (DMF) and polymorph 2 in a mixture of DMF and methanol. Their solid-state structures were determined through single-crystal X-ray diffraction. These compounds were characterized with spectroscopic tools like Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD) and elemental analysis. Variou

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T., B. Sundaresan. "Solid State Mixture Identification of Crystal Indomethacin by Spectroscopy Comparison with Thermal Analysis." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 2, no. 6 (2018): 626–30. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd18583.

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This research investigates Raman spectroscopy as a quick and reliable method to quantify the alpha a and gamma polymorphic forms of indomethacin compared to differential scanning calorimetry DSC . Binary mixtures with different ratios of a and indomethacin were prepared and analyzed by Raman and DSC. The Raman method was found to be more reliable and superior compared to DSC. The partial conversion of the alpha to gamma polymorphic form during the DSC measurement was the major limitation for the use of full DSC as a quantitative method and resulted in difference between the calculated and meas

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Rodrigues, Francisco Ermelindo, Samira Santiago Librelon, Silvia Nietsche, Márcia Regina Costa, and Marlon Cristian Toledo Pereira. "Genetic variability in clones of 'Prata Anã' bananas based on phenotypic and molecular markers." Bragantia 71, no. 2 (2012): 182–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0006-87052012000200005.

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The objective of this study was to examine the molecular and phenotypic variability of 'Prata Anã' banana clones cultivated in northern Minas Gerais State. For the phenotypic and molecular characterization, the clones were collected from five properties. The morphological characterization of 20 clones was accomplished through a qualitative evaluation of 74 descriptors. For the molecular evaluations, 45 clones were collected, and 14 Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA primers were used. Among the 74 morphological descriptors evaluated in the 20 'Prata Anã' banana tree clones, 53 descriptors presen

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Kalinovskaya, T. M., A. O. Donets, and V. M. Zhebel. "SIRT1 gene polymorphism and its plasma concentration in men with no signs of cardiovascular pathology, residents of Podilia region of Ukraine." Reports of Vinnytsia National Medical University 25, no. 2 (2021): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31393/reports-vnmedical-2021-25(2)-06.

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Annotation. The aim of the work – on the basis of scientific literature to consider the current state of prediction and diagnosis of hypertension using biomarkers. A review analysis of literature sources of domestic and foreign authors on the polymorphism of the SIRT1 gene and the possibility of using data of the biomarker SIRT1 in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with cardiovascular pathology and the concentration of SIRT1 in the blood plasma of 79 practically healthy men, 40-60 years old, residents of the Podilia region of Ukraine with carriers of polymorphic SIRT1 genes, genotype GG,

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Smirnova, Valeriya Yu, Anna A. Iurchenkova, and Denis A. Rychkov. "Computational Investigation of the Stability of Di-p-Tolyl Disulfide “Hidden” and “Conventional” Polymorphs at High Pressures." Crystals 12, no. 8 (2022): 1157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12081157.

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The investigation of molecular crystals at high pressure is a sought-after trend in crystallography, pharmaceutics, solid state chemistry, and materials sciences. The di-p-tolyl disulfide (CH3−C6H4−S−)2 system is a bright example of high-pressure polymorphism. It contains “conventional” solid–solid transition and a “hidden” form which may be obtained only from solution at elevated pressure. In this work, we apply force field and periodic DFT computational techniques to evaluate the thermodynamic stability of three di-p-tolyl disulfide polymorphs as a function of pressure. Theoretical pressures

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Hansen, Steve C., and D. Kobertz. "Solid-State Transformations in Metal Iodides." Solid State Phenomena 138 (March 2008): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.138.29.

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Numerous solid-state transformations occur in metal iodides. These transformations can be classified into three categories: polymorphic transformations, polytypic transitions and molecular solids. Many of the modifications of metal iodides involve metastable phases transforming into stable phases. Revisions to the In-I and Th-I phase diagrams are made based on data found in the literature.

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Barge, Monika Suresh, and T. K. Narute. "Molecular Characterization of Azotobacter and PSB from Xerophytic Plants of Maharashtra State, India." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 13, no. 1 (2024): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2024.1301.007.

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The present study was conducted at Department of Plant Pathology and Agricultural Microbiology, MPKV, Rahuri during year 2021 to 2023 to characterize and screen different isolates of Azotobacter and PSB from Different Xerophytic plants from Different districts of Maharashtra State. 68 Azotobacter isolates were biochemically characterized and screened under In vitro conditions for their plant growth promoting properties. This isolates were biochemically characterized and screened In-vitro condition for their plant growth promoting properties. DNA polymorphism of isolates was studied using rando

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Gomes, Liene Rocha Picanço, Maria Teresa Gomes Lopes, Jania Lilia da Silva Bentes, Willian Silva Barros, Pedro de Queiroz Costa Neto, and Luis Antônio Serrão Contim. "Genetic diversity in natural populations of Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L. f.)." Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology 11, no. 3 (2011): 216–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-70332011000300003.

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This study aimed to characterize the genetic diversity of buriti populations by AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) markers. The analysis was performed in four populations used by traditional communities in the state of Amazonia (Bom Jesus do Anamã, Lauro Sodré, Santa Luzia do Buiçuzinho, and Esperança II). From each population 30 plants were randomly selected. To obtain the markers four primer combinations were used. The percentage of polymorphic loci was estimated, the molecular variance among and within populations analyzed and a dendrogram constructed. The primers detected 339 po

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Girin, Oleg B., Volodymyr I. Ovcharenko, and Dmytro G. Korolyanchuk. "FEATURES OF TEXTURE FORMATION IN POLYMORPHIC METALS BEING ELECTRODEPOSITED." Acta Metallurgica Slovaca 25, no. 4 (2019): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.12776/ams.v25i4.1357.

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<p class="AMSmaintext"><span lang="EN-GB">The aim of this work was further experimental verification of the existence of the phenomenon of electrochemical phase formation in metals and alloys via a supercooled liquid state stage. According to proposed idea the slowing down of the process of polymorphic transformation in a metal being electrodeposited should be accompanied by an intensive formation of the texture of the metastable modification and suppression of the texture development of the stable modification. The results of the texture analysis of electrodeposited cobalt as a mo

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Kubicki, Maciej. "Structural Aspects of Phase Transitions." Solid State Phenomena 112 (May 2006): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.112.1.

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There are two kinds of structural transformations in the crystalline solid state: solid state reactions, in which the product chemically different from the starting material can be isolated, and polymorphic transitions, when the phases have different organization of identical molecules in the crystal structures. As a consequence, the starting and the final phases of a solid state reaction differ in the melt and vapor, while different polymorphic modifications are identical in melt or gas phase. Some examples of the different phase transitions in the solid state are described in detail: the π-m

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ЧАЙКОВСЬКИЙ, МАКСИМ. "МОДЕЛЬ МУЛЬТИАГЕНТНОЇ СИСТЕМИ ДЛЯ ВИЯВЛЕННЯ ПОЛІМОРФНИХ ВІРУСІВ". Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Technical sciences 347, № 1 (2024): 543–47. https://doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2025-347-74.

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The paper establishes that multi-agent systems (MAS) are a powerful tool for detecting polymorphic viruses. Such a system uses several intelligent agents (IAs), each of which has its own specific role in the process of detecting and trawling polymorphic viruses. he concept of multi-agent systems (MAS) has become an important topic of interest in the field of artificial intelligence. The main advantages of using MAS for detecting polymorphic viruses are identified: parallel processing and efficiency; distributed threat detection; intelligent interaction between agents; adaptability to new threa

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Miyano, Tetsuya, Katsuji Sugita, and Hiroshi Ueda. "The Continuous and Reversible Transformation of the Polymorphs of an MGAT2 Inhibitor (S-309309) from the Anhydrate to the Hydrate in Response to Relative Humidity." Pharmaceutics 16, no. 7 (2024): 949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16070949.

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Polymorphic control is vital for the quality control of pharmaceutical crystals. Here, we investigated the relationship between the hydrate and anhydrate polymorphs of a monoacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 inhibitor (S-309309). Solvent evaporation and slurry conversion revealed two polymorphs, the hydrate and the solvate. The solvate was transformed into the hydrate by heating. X-ray powder diffraction demonstrated that the hydrate was transformed into an anhydrate via an intermediate state when heated. These crystal forms were confirmed under controlled humidity conditions; the presence of the

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Rekha, T., Kottackal Poulose Martin, V. B. Sreekumar, and Joseph Madassery. "Genetic Diversity Assessment of Rarely Cultivated Traditional Indica Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties." Biotechnology Research International 2011 (July 12, 2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/784719.

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Random amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting was performed to assess the genetic diversity among rarely cultivated traditional indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties collected from a tribal hamlet of Kerala State, India. A total of 664 DNA bands amplified by 15 primers exhibited 72.9% polymorphism (an average of 32.3 polymorphic bands per primer). The varieties Jeerakasala and Kalladiyaran exhibited the highest percent (50.19%) polymorphism, while Thondi and Adukkan showed the lowest (9.85%). Adukkan (78 bands) and Jeerakasala (56 bands) yielded the highest and the lowest number of amplico

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Shen, Xiaoqin, Yonghao Zheng, and Fred Wudl. "Thermally induced reversible solid-state transformation of novel s-indacene 1,3,5,7-tetraone derivatives." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 4, no. 13 (2016): 2427–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5tc03953c.

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Kant, Rajni. "Pharmaceutical Drug Polymorphism: A Case Study of Three Novel Drugs." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (2014): C544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314094558.

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Polymorphism is more widespread in pharmaceutical solids, with estimates of 30-50% in drug-like molecules, compared to 4-5% polymorphic crystals in the Cambridge Structural Database (Nangia, 2007). Most of the drug molecules are formulated and marketed in crystalline form and many of these are highly functionalized and can self-organize in several ways in the solid state with nearly the same lattice energies. Though a lot of work is going on in the field of pharmaceutical drug polymorphism and its possible application in the field of crystal engineering, yet there are difficulties in getting p

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Zhang, Zhihao, Cunwei Wei, Huijun Cao, and Ye Zhang. "Damage Mechanism of Cu6Sn5 Intermetallics Due to Cyclic Polymorphic Transitions." Materials 12, no. 24 (2019): 4127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12244127.

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The formation of high-melting-point Cu6Sn5 interconnections is crucial to overcome the collapse of Sn-based micro-bumps and to produce reliable intermetallic interconnections in three-dimensional (3D) packages. However, because of multiple reflows in 3D package manufacturing, Cu6Sn5 interconnections will experience cyclic polymorphic transitions in the solid state. The repeated and abrupt changes in the Cu6Sn5 lattice due to the cyclic polymorphic transitions can cause extreme strain oscillations, producing damage at the surface and in the interior of the Cu6Sn5 matrix. Moreover, because of th

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Nutan, Shriram Bhoi Ms. Monika Ola* Mrs. Rajveer Bhaskar Nilesh Suresh Sathe Vaibhav Ghansham kute Rajeshwari satish patil. "RIFAMPICIN: ANTI TUBERCULAR DRUG: AN OVERVIEW." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES o6, no. 05 (2019): 9585–95. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2842261.

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<em>The World Health Organization inspires the use of fixed dose combination (FDC) of rifampicin combination used with isoniazid, isoniazid with pyrazinamide or pyrazinamide with ethambutol for the treatment of tuberculosis. Hence, it’s used worldwide for reducing the risk of emerging drug resistance. Rifampicin is one of the potent and broad spectrum antibiotics against bacterial pathogen. It works by inhibits the DNA dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming stable complex with enzyme. Here, the polymorphic form of rifampicin is describe by thermal study of rifampicin. The thermal b

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Maher, Anthony, Colin C. Seaton, Sarah Hudson, Denise M. Croker, Åke C. Rasmuson, and Benjamin K. Hodnett. "Investigation of the Solid-State Polymorphic Transformations of Piracetam." Crystal Growth & Design 12, no. 12 (2012): 6223–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cg301418c.

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