Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Polymorphisme génétique'
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Monteil-Ganiere, Catherine. "Mercaptopurine et polymorphisme génétique." Nantes, 2003. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=6d743aea-4878-4f8f-a5a1-0dbe73f78509.
Full textTPMT genotype and activity were determined in 304 adult blood donors, 147 children and 18 newborns (cord bloods), all Caucasian. TPMT activity ranged from 0. 43 to 30. 38 U/mL PRBC in adults, from 8. 25 to 30. 0 U/mL PRBC in children and from 9. 24 to 22. 79 U/mL PRBC in cord bloods. There was no significant difference between cord bloods and adults (p = 0. 424). But we found a slightly lower TPMT activity in children than in adults (p = 0. 016). In the children and cord bloods group, no significant correlation was evidenced between TPMT and age (p = 0. 127): TPMT is already mature at birth. In the whole population, 91. 9% was homozygous wild-type, 7. 9% heterozygous and 0. 2% homozygous and 0. 2% homozygous mutant. The frequency of mutant allele was 3. 0% for TPMT/*3A, 0. 7% for TPMT*2 and 0. 4% for TPMT*3C. For TPMT activities close to the antimode value, there was an overlap between homozygous and heterozygous subjects concerning 4. 5% of subjects. Consequences of TPMT polymorphism were studied in 54 leukemic children treated with 6-MP during maintenance phase. 39 (90. 7%) TPMT genotypes were homozygous *1/*1 and 4 (9. 3%) heterozygous *1/*3A. Diagnosis TPMT activity is 20. 4% lower than in the reference children population. During maintenance, TPMT activity was 27. 4% higher than the reference population. Our results showed an inverse correlation between TPMT activity and red blood cells TGNs, which are 6-MP active metabolites, responsible, at least in part, for the anti-leukemic effect. TPMT enzyme plays a major role for 6-MP metabolisation and treatment success
Vayron, de la Moureyre-Spire Catherine. "Polymorphisme génétique de la thiopurine S-méthyltranférase (TPMT)." Lille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIL2S007.
Full textPeltier, Didier. "Utilisation de fragments d'ADN polymorphes amplifies au hasard (RAPD) pour la réalisation d'une cartographie génétique de Petunia Hybrida Hort. Et d'une phylogénie du genre Petunia." Dijon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DIJOS037.
Full textDi, Nino Fiorant. "Phénoplasticité, polymorphisme génétique, gestion conservatoire du genre Elodea." Thesis, Metz, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008METZ036S/document.
Full textThe north-eastern part of France has been invaded by two different Elodea species : Elodea nuttalli and Elodea canadensis, which emerged in Europe respectively during 19th and 20th centuries. This research aims to improve the knowledge about such species. First of all, a cytological approach has enabled us to count 52 chromosomes for the very first Elodea nuttalli and Elodea canadensis that appeared in France and might lead us to propose a new hypothesis regarding the base number of chromosomes. Then, a genetic study by AFLP procedure showed, an important clonal reproduction among European population. And it presents an important genetic distance with the native population, probably linked to an important bottleneck that came into play when the species were introduced. Unexpectedly, the newest Elodea nuttalli in Europe presents a high genetic variability, as a result of recent multiple sources introduction. Furthermore, another study compares the morphological variation of native and introduced populations of Elodea nuttallii in the field. The results show that introduced plants can be very distinct in their growth form and size from conspecifics in the native range. Moreover, we investigated the phenology and the phenotypic variation of genetically uniform populations of Elodea nuttallii. A significant difference in morphological traits appeared among the dates and among the sites. This capacity to respond to environmental quality has been interpreted as an expression of foraging behaviour. Finally, different methods to control the spread have been evaluated, especially manual harvesting
Khiar-Berrahmoune, Hind. "Les déterminants environnementaux et génétiques de phénotypes intermédiaires de l'inflammation dans la cohorte STANISLAS." Nancy 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN10229.
Full textGligorov, Joseph. "Polymorphismes et traitements néoadjuvants des cancers du sein : efficacité du docétaxel et polymorphisme d’ABCB1/MDR1." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066082.
Full textIn non-metastatic breast cancer, neoadjuvant treatment allows to study the parameters influencing their effectiveness, related to the tumor and / or the host. The MDR family proteins, especially ABCB1 are involved in the mechanisms of resistance to anthracyclines and taxanes. The correlations between efficiency (histological response), ABCB1 polymorphism (patients and tumors) and pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin and docetaxel have been studied in the context of a therapeutic trial. In this study, polymorphism in exon 26 of ABCB1 (rs1045642) is the only that influences the pharmacokinetics of docetaxel and this only in premenopausal patients. Patients carrying CC genotype (40%) have an average value of the AUC of docetaxel significantly lower than those carrying genotypes CT (45%) and TT (15%) (p <0. 0001). Moreover it was found in premenopausal patients a statistically significant correlation between low rates of docetaxel AUC and diplotype 2677GG-3435CC and 1236CC haplotype-61AA-2677GG-3435CC. It has not been found a link between ABCB1 polymorphisms and the pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin. There is also a negative relationship between AUC of docetaxel and pathological response. There seems therefore that a minimum value of AUC of docetaxel is necessary to obtain a response. Furthermore, we found an association between tumor response and polymorphism of ABCB1 (C3435T genotype, CT and TT vs. CC)
Lejeune, Julien. "Génétique et génomique des récepteurs de faible affinité pour le IgG - Implications pour le développement et l'analyse de la variabilité des effets des anticorps thérapeutiques." Thesis, Tours, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOUR3140/document.
Full textFc receptors play an important allowing connexion between immune cells and antibody notably therapeutic. Inthis thesis, we have shown that homologous recombination events, knock-in by retroviral insertion andsegmental duplication led to the acquisition in primates (FCGR2A) then in Hominids (FCGR2C and FCGR3B)of genes coding for Fc receptors with new properties, led to genomic instability of the cluster (copy numbervariation) and to complex analysis in human. Through a original pyrosequencing approach, we have studiedsimultaneously ORF/STOP polymorphism and copy number variation of FCGR2C. We have also revealed newlinkage disequilibrium, additionnaly to FCGR3A-FCGR2A disequilibrium which we have shown theimportance of a suitable methdology in association studies with responses to therapeutic antibodies. Theseresults contribute to improve pre-clinical (of animal models) and clinical (variability effects) development oftherapeutic antibodies
Benyamina, Amine. "Dépendance au cannabis : rôle du polymorphisme génétique de l'ABCB1." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066345.
Full textAllayous, Clara. "Recherche de nouveaux marqueurs de la variabilité d'expression clinique de la drépanocytose : pour la définition de profils de patients." Antilles-Guyane, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AGUY0179.
Full textSickle cell disease is characterized by a polymorphism and a clinical variability. Molecular and cellular bases of this variability are unknown. We wanted to have a better understanding of the present mechanism by searching for discriminant factors that allowed patients' profiles to be revealed. For that purpose, the use of biomathematical and biostatistical methods such as classification, decision trees or ANOVA helped us lay emphasis on the importance of vascular adhesion, as weil as the amplifying role of inflammation in these phenomena. In this way, our studies have enabled us to characterize as specifie markers of this variability, HNE and Lf, which are two proteins released by neutrophils and involved in inflammatory processes. Moreover, our studies are based on determining plasmatic levels of both proteins in the case of different complications and the research of associated polymorphisms. Owing to their plasmatic levels and particular structures, both HNE and Lf are involved in the occurence of specifie complications. The prospects of this study are numerous in the medical sphere also, by using diagnosis and decision-making tools which are responsible for a more individualized follow-up for sickle cell patients. In addition, the results observed will give a better idea of functional and structural dynamics of HNE and Lf, in order to have a better knowledge of their physiological roles and of the associated mechanisms, from a pathophysiological point of view
Repoila, Francis. "Etude du polymorphisme génomique chez les bactériophages T-pair." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30268.
Full textSibert, Alexandre. "Héritabilité non génétique de la fécondité : effets sur le polymorphisme." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MNHN0017.
Full textThe transmission of fertility from one generation to the next is well documented. Several population genetics models integrate this phenomenon, assuming a genetic basis. Nevertheless, non-genetic inherance of fertility was described in some Human populations, whose subtle effects on genetic diversity are unknown. The present work describes an extension of the Wright-Fisher model for axesual populations, suitable for the simulation of any kind of fertility inherance. The probability of fertility is introduced as a key notion, and an algorithm for the simulation of fertility transmission from parents to their offspring is developed for a constant size population. The demographic and genealogical properties of this model show that the effects of fertility inheritance cannot be compared with any of the various models studied until now (selection, size variations, ect. ). The careful study of genetic diversity confirms these results and paradoxically shows that current neutrality tests do not allow one to distinguish between fertility inheritance and some types of selection or population expansion. Therefore, the detection of fertility inheritance from observed polymorphism data remains an open question
Barral, Véronique. "Identification, relations phylétiques, processus d'isolement et divergences inter-populations chez les schistosomes : Approche par l'étude de marqueurs génomiques (RAPD)." Perpignan, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PERP0243.
Full textZaiou, Mohamed. "Apolipoproteine A-IV : part de la génétique et de l'environnement dans sa variabilité physiopathologique." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN12449.
Full textPrevost, Gaëtan. "L'implication du Récepteur des Produits Avancés de Glycation (RAGE) dans les complications du diabète : approches génétique et pharmacologique." Lille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL2S040.
Full textAdvanced glycation endproducts (AGE) are implicated in diabetic micro- but also macrovascular complications of diabetes mellitus. AGE toxicity is partially mediated via receptor dependant pathway especially via the RAGE (Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts). The RAGE implication in the genetic of diabetic nephropathy and in the endothelial dysfunction has been investigated. First, the polymorphisms of exon 3 has been analysed by Denaturant Gradient Gel Electrophoresis. Although no association of this RAGE gene polymorphisms with type 1 diabetes susceptibility was found, we reported a strong linkage disequilibrium between the variant carrying the serine amino acid at position 82 and HLA class II genes. Finally, in a case control study, we reported an association between the 82 serine variant and advanced nephropathy in type I diabetic patients. This suggests that some RAGE gene polymorphisms may be associated with progression to diabetic advanced nephropathy in Caucasian type 1 diabetic patients. Thus, AGE have been implicated in diabetic endothelial dysfunction as vascular hyperpermeability and procoagulant and inflammatory states. However, the link between AGE and the endothelium dependent vasorelaxation impairment is still controversial. Vascular relaxation response to acetylcholine was tested in isolated segments of phenylephrine precontracted mice aorta at several stages of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Blood levels of AGE (ELISA) and aortic tissue RAGE expression (Western Blot) were simultaneously quantified. Compared to control mice, significant impairment of endothelium dependant relaxation occurred four weeks after diabetes induction (-24% vs control, P<0,01) and was more severe eight weeks later. Simultaneously, blood AGE concentrations and RAGE aortic expression were significantly increased. Moreover, vasorelaxation impairment was associated with induced diabetic structural changes in the wall of aorta : intima-media thickening, disorganization of elastin lamina and actin network, increased amount and disorganization of the type III collagen. Four weeks after diabetes induction, aminoguanidine, AGE inhibitor, completely prevented the diabetes-induced decrease of relaxation to acetylcholine by decreasing AGE blood levels and RAGE expression. Moreover, aminoguanidine treatment significantly improves the induced diabetic structural changes. In conclusion, our work is in favour of a strong implication of the AGE pathway both in diabetic complications as nephropathy and vasorelaxation impairment. The use of anti AGE or AGE-RAGE inhibitors could be attractive therapeutics
Mangin, Irène. "Typage moléculaire de souches du genre bifidobacterium : polymorphisme génétique intraspécifique et intragénérique." Nancy 1, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1994_0123_MANGIN.pdf.
Full textCarteau, Isabelle. "Recherche de gènes de susceptibilité dans le syndrome autistique." Tours, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOUR3304.
Full textAutism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a strong genetic component. Five candidate genes, located on regions linked to autism on chromosomes 2, 7, 16, 17 and X, have been studied by association studies and transmission disequilibrium test (TDT). OMGP gene (17q11. 2) encodes a glycoprotein involved in the Ras signalisation pathway. We found a significant association between the A allele of the coding polymorphism G62A and a subgroup of autistic patients. The TDT on 455 families schowed a preferential transmission of the G alle le from parents to affected children. The expression of two forms of OMGP (with and without C-terminal domain) in rat neural stem cells didn't succeed. UBE2H gene (7q32) encodes an enzyme involved in the ubiquitin-dependant degradation pathway. We observed an increased frequency of the G allele of the silent polymorphism A336G in an autistic subgroup compared to a control population. Using TDT, we schowed a trend of preferential transmission of the A allele from italian parents to affected sibs. This polymorphism seems to be involved in ARNm splicing. UBE2E3, UBE2EI and UBE2A genes encode ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes. Mutation screening in those three genes dHPLC technique revealed polymorphisms in a group of autistic patients. Screening those five genes is in agreement with a polygenic model of autism. We underlined the importance of the post-natal maturation period and we focused on the ubiquitination pathway, which rule in the central nervous system development needs to be clarified
Khiar-Berrahmoune, Hind. "Les déterminants environnementaux et génétiques de phénotypes intermédiaires de l'inflammation dans la cohorte STANISLAS." Nancy 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN12505.
Full textMazalrey, Simon. "Facteurs de pathogenèse au cours des infections à virus BK : polymorphisme génétique viral et réponse immunitaire antivirale." Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT1007/document.
Full textThe BK polyomavirus is ubiquitous and infects the majority of the adult population. It is not associated with any specific disease in immunocompetent individuals, but can be responsible for hemorrhagic cystitis after stem cell transplantation or interstitial nephropathy after kidney transplantation. Among the different risk factors involved in the development of such opportunistic diseases, we focused on the genetic polymorphism of the non coding control region of the viral genome (NCCR) and on the specific immune responses directed against BKPyV after kidney transplantation. The NCCR region is characterized by the emergence of rearrangements in vitro on permissive cells, and in vivo in case of prolonged infection and high viral loads. We described the emergence of such rearranged strains in vitro, correlated them with increased viral replication and transcription, and compared these sequences with clinical strains obtained from kidney transplanted patients. Our second objective was to study the specific immune responses in the first months following kidney transplantation. We showed that the active infection was associated with an increase in the anti-BKPyV IgG levels, and that the detection of a CD4+ or CD8+ mediated response was not predictive of a protection toward viral reactivation. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the different factors involved in the pathogenesis of BKPyV infections
Triques, Karine. "Diversité génétique du VIH-1 : impact sur le diagnostic moléculaire et la variabilité génétique intra-patient." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20129.
Full textPlesník, Jiri. "Polymorphismes génétiques et perception gustative des lipides alimentaires chez les sujets obèses." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCI004/document.
Full textObesity has become one of most important public health issue in this century. A number of genetic and environmental factors contribute to development of this pathology. Daily dietary intake is also one of the crucial factors. Excessive dietary fat intake has been shown to be critical in the development of obesity. In the last two decades, several studies have shown that oral fat sensing plays an important role in the development of obesity. To prove a relationship between obesity, oral fat sensing and genetic polymorphisms, we recruited children, adolescents and adult subjects from three different populations. To date, CD36 gene encodes the most promising fat taste receptor. Furthermore, we studied a possible relationship between fat taste and bitter taste. Overall results show that bitter and fat tastes are altered in obese individuals. Moreover, CD36 polymorphisms have a significant influence in both, oral sensing and obesity. Our results might help better understand a relationship between obesity, taste and genetic polymorphisms
Antoniou, Eric. "Etude du polymorphisme génétique chez les bovins : application à la recherche de marqueurs de sexe et de race." Limoges, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIMO0245.
Full textLasne, Yves. "Contribution à la mise en évidence et à l'interprétation de la microhétérogénéité des protéines." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10024.
Full textColmin, Catherine. "Polymorphisme génétique et typage moléculaire chez la bactérie streptococcus salivarius subsp. Thermophilus." Nancy 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN10135.
Full textChevalier, Dany. "Mise en évidence et caractérisation du polymorphisme génétique de la thromboxane synthase (CYP5A1) et de la prostacycline synthase (CYP8A1)." Lille 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LIL2P009.
Full textChapuis, Julien. "Identification de déterminants génétiques impliqués dans la composante vasculaire de la Maladie d'Alzheimer, par analyses transcriptomiques, génétiques et moléculaires." Lille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL2S013.
Full textGarcia, Guerreiro Maria del pilar. "Polymorphisme d'insertion de différents éléments transposables dans une population naturelle de D. Melanogaster." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10303.
Full textTournel, Gilles. "Analyse du profil d'expression des gènes impliqués dans le métabolisme et le transport des xénobiotiques dans les tissus broncho-pulmonaires humains : identification d'un polymorphisme génétique du cytochrome P450CYP2F1." Lille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL2S049.
Full textAudibert, Céline. "Polymorphisme des régions génomiques liées à la virulence chez Helicobacter pylori." Poitiers, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000POIT1805.
Full textBouvagnet, Patrice. "Polymorphisme de la myosine et étude de la régulation de sa transcription." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20112.
Full textCheyssac, Claire. "Etude de deux gènes candidats du DT2 : EIF4A2 : candidat positionnel au locus 3Q27 et PTPN1/PTP1B : cible pharmacologique dans la sensibilité à l'insuline." Lille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL2S009.
Full textType 2 diabetes (T2D) is the most common form of diabetes affecting more than 170 million people worldwide. The T2D pathophysiological mechanisms are characterized by defects of insulin secretion and insulin action leading to chronic hyperglycaemia determined by interactions between genetic and environmental risk factors. Although many genes responsible for monogenic forms of diabetes were identified, genetic determinants influencing T2D predisposition are still largely unknown. To identify new susceptibility variants, we used two approaches : - a familial association study of positional candidate gene variants at the 3q27 locus in falilies showing linkage to T2D with onset before 45 years ; and the exploration of a physiological candidate gene, PTPN1, through case-control analyses in different groups of subjects with type 2 diabetes or obesity. The analysis of the 3q27 locus in French families with strong T2D aggregation (432 diabetes subjects and 129 normoglycaemic subjects) confirmed of a genetic linkage with T2D age-of-onset. Two genes were investigated : KNG1, coding for kininogen, the bradykinin precursor, and EIF4A2 coding for the Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 4 alpha 2, a translation initiation factor involved in protein synthesis which is down-regulated by glucose in rat pancreatic beta cells (INS832/13). A variant (rs266714), located upstream of the EIF4A2 gene showed association with T2D and T2D age-of-onset in the families. Affected sib-pairs sharing at least one at risk T allele showed a LOD-score of 5. 24 which could explain the T2D linkage. Moreover, this variant partly explains the age-of-onset linkage. The rs266714 SNP could modify the expression level of the eIF4A2 factor which modulates mRNA translation and protein synthesis rates in pancreatic beta cells. The PTPN1 gene codes for the protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, a negative regulator of the insulin and leptin signalling pathways. An association with T2D and moderate obesity is observed for a variant at the PTPN1 gene locus. In 736 normoglycaemic non obese subjects, 2 intronic SNPs associate with variations of quantitative traits of glucose and lipid metabolism : increased HOMA-B and triglycerides, decreased HDL-cholesterol, which suggests a possible role in metabolic syndrome. This genetics approach contributes to an improved understanding of the pathways involved in the development of T2D and to propose new therapeutic targets
Stevanovitch, Alain. "Polymorphisme de l'ADN mitochondrial dans quelques populations anciennes et actuelles du pourtour méditerranéen." Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX22091.
Full textCocuau, David. "Les empreintes génétiques en odontologie légale." Bordeaux 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR20036.
Full textBonnet-Dupeyron, Marie-Noëlle. "Recherche de nouvelles anomalies en cause dans les leucodystrophies d'origine indéterminée." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CLF1MM12.
Full textGenetic diseases affecting primarily the myelin of the central nervous system (CNS), or leucodystrophies, include a large variety of phenotypes. The aims of this work lead with hypomyelinating forms, displaying a defect in myelin production and implicating the PLP1 gene which encodes the major proteins of CNS myelin, i. E. PLP and DM20. "PLP-pathies" are characterized by motor development impairment and encompass a wide continuum spectrum extending from severe forms of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) to relatively mild late onset spastic paraplegia (SPG2). However, a large proportion of patients presenting with a PMD or a SPG2 phenotype remains without identified PLP1 mutations suggesting either genetic heterogeneity or PLP1 gene alternative mutational mechanisms. This cohort of patients, called PMD like (PMLD), has been studied in this work to test both hypotheses. First, different candidate genes have been tested, including MBP which encodes the second major proteins of CNS myelin; GPM6B, which present close similarities with DM20 and OLIG2 which encodes a transcription factor oligodendrocyte specific. Secondly, the existence of PLP1 alternative mutational mechanisms has been evaluated by looking for small intragenic rearrangements, and for qualitative and quantitative abnormalities analyzing PLP and DM20 transcripts from patients' fibroblasts. Obtained results have excluded the implication of the tested candidate genes as well as PLP1 small intragenic rearrangements in the aetiology of PMLD. On the other hand, qualitative and quantitative analysis of PLP/DM20 transcripts from fibroblasts have demonstrated their usefulness and suggested that a PLP1 gene expression dysregulation could be involved in a subset of PMLD patients
Morel, Carole. "Facteurs génétiques et environnementaux dans la modulation nicotinique du système dopaminergique." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066559.
Full textVentral tegmental midbrain dopaminergic cells (DA) are crucial in the reinforcing properties of naturals reward and many drugs of abuse including nicotine. Transition of DA cells to bursting activity triggers an increase of dopamine release in the striatum, underlying drug addiction. Nicotine hijacks the dopaminergic system by activating nicotinic receptors on DA cells. Using transgenic mice, I have recorded the responses of DA cells to nicotine and analyzed the effects of genetic and environmental factors. Recently human genetic studies have revealed a strong link between a human polymorphism of α5 subunit, leading to a D398N substitution, and vulnerability to develop tobacco dependence and lung cancer. We established that α5 determines the sensitivity to nicotine of DA cells, and thus the reinforcing doses; and that the human polymorphism D398N decreases the sensitivity to nicotine of DA cells, leading to an increase of nicotine consumption in self-administration task. Repeated social defeat stress changes spontaneous DA cells activity and social behaviors. We show that glucocorticoid receptors in dopaminoceptive neurons trigger the increase of DA cells firing and bursting activity in response to a social defeat stress. The basal dopamine rate increase is critical in the expression of social avoidance behavior after stress repetition. The α7 nicotinic receptors are necessary in this DA cells adaptation. Moreover, we describe a decreased effect of nicotine-induced activation of DA cells. This work highlights a specific role for α5 and α7 subunits respectively in the sensitivity to nicotine of DA cells, and in their stress-induced adaptation processes
Pomente, Dominique. "Étude expérimentale génétique, écologique et écophysiologique du polymorphisme végétal : chémotypes et formes sexuelles du thym." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20058.
Full textMariotti, Martine. "Polymorphisme individuel du gène albumine humaine étudié par séquençage." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA07F078.
Full textNamour, Bernard. "Phénotypes et concentrations relatives des isoprotéines de la transcobalamine II rapportés au polymorphisme Arg/Pro du codon 259." Nancy 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN19901.
Full textMarteau, Jean-Brice. "Etude des interactions gène-environnement dans la régulation de la pression artérielle : E-sélectine et P-sélectine." Nancy 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NAN10213.
Full textSchaffner, Francis. "Systématique du complexe Claviger (Diptera, Culicidae, Anopheles) : morphologie, génétique & biologie." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13150.
Full textThe Claviger complex includes two sibling species: Anopheles claviger s. S. And An. Petragnani. A large sampling programme throughout 14 European countries gathered 264 immature stages samples. Sixty-two samples were considered in this study as populations (30 individuals collected in the same breeding place). In order to better understand the history of these taxa, morphological and genetic differentiations were investigated, as well as bio-ecological and distribution specificities. The morphological differentiation of the two species was confirmed and clarified for larvae and pupae. ACP analysis and mean comparisons allowed to reconsider some characters used up to now as diagnostic, and to identify and describe new ones statistically more reliable. Genetic differentiation is described for the first time on the ITS2 ribosomal DNA sequence analysis. A PCR-based diagnostic test that allows for quick and reliable differentiation of the sibling species is provided, especially useful for adults. An investigation of allozyme loci polymorphism confirmed the genetic differentiation between the two species. The main biological specificities are host preferences and breeding sites characteristics. Distribution areas of the two species showed a large sympatry zone. Within An. Claviger s. S. , two genetically distinct groups (group I and group II) were identified on allozyme loci polymorphism. Comparing these populations groups, differences were observed in morphology but not in bio-ecological aspects. The origin of the groups is probably related to an isolation in southern refugia during the Quaternary cold periods. The northern territories' re-colonisation provided an hybrid zone in eastern France. Our observations suggest that the recent taxa history could be related to the onset of speciation. Within An. Petragnani, two morphological entities are likewise observed, the origin of which could be related to a similar isolation
Corne, Philippe. "Épidémiologie génétique des agents pathogènes : le cas du complexe Mycobactérium tuberculosis." Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON11093.
Full textAfridi, Sarwat. "Influence de variants génétiques candidats sur des phenotypes liés au paludisme à Plasmodium falciparum et effet fonctionnel du polymorphisme NCR3-412 associés au paludisme." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4037.
Full textMalaria is the major cause of morbidity and mortality especially in the Sub-Saharan Africa. There is a growing body of evidence for genetic factors controlling the outcome of malaria infection. It is thought that some genetic variants of malaria candidate genes affect malaria resistance through their effect on the acquired immune response. In order to verify this hypothesis, we worked on genetic variants of HBB, IL4, IL12B, TNF, LTA, FCGR2A and NCR3, which have been associated with malaria resistance phenotypes, to determine their influence on levels of anti-P. falciparum IgG in urban population of Burkina Faso. Using family-based association analysis, we detected the effect of Hemoglobin C, FCGR2A-H131, TNF-857T, and TNF1304A on the levels of anti-P. falciparum IgG. This study can pave the way towards further comprehension of genetic control of an individual's immune response against malaria. Another project focused on functional study of polymorphism NCR3-412, which has already been associated to mild malaria. We investigated the functional effect of this polymorphism located in the promoter by using molecular techniques and showed the effect of this polymorphism on the binding of nuclear proteins
Jubin, Claire. "Caractérisation et analyse bioinformatique comparative des profils génomiques de mutagénèse chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066515.
Full textDNA mutations arise during the cell growth, even under normal physiological conditions. Processes related to the maintaining of DNA integrity prevent appearance of mutations that represent a threat for the cell life and even for the whole organism. Genes implied in these processes play a role in DNA replication, recombination and reparation (3R functions). They also potentially play a role in the early stage of tumorigenesis occurring in cancers. In the “MUTome” project 11 mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were deleted for genes implicated in the 3R and cell cycle functions. High throughput sequencing of these accumulation mutation lines followed by bioinformatics analysis permitted to define the catalogue of DNA alterations induced by gene inactivation in the 11 mutants, related to base substitution, insertions/deletions and structural variations. Because genomic repetitions noise analyses, I set up a strategy to address this problem. To do so, I first identified in the reference sequence of S. Cerevisiae, the repetitive regions, covered by multi-aligned reads after the reads mapping step. In these repetitive regions, I identified intra-genomic base substitution polymorphisms existing between near exact repetitions. Consecutively, I developed an alignment filter, named “g-deNoise”, that uses information of intra-genomic polymorphism. This filter applied to MUTome data allowed SNP identification in unique genomic regions, but also in polymorphic repeated regions such as multicopy genes
Hue, Isabelle. "Contribution à l'analyse structurale des gènes codant pour le récepteur Alpha-Beta des lymphocytes T de souris." Aix-Marseille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX22002.
Full textChami, Ibtissam. "Contribution à l'étude du polymorphisme génétique des hémoglobines humaines et du mécanisme de l'induction par l'hydroxyurée du gène gamma de globine chez les patients drépanocytaires." Paris 12, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA120069.
Full textRuffel, Sandrine. "Résistances récessives aux potyvirus chez les solanacées et facteurs du complexe d'initiation de la traduction." Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX22076.
Full textAubert, Hélène. "Mise en évidence du déterminisme génétique du taux plasmatique de TAFI : Etude de la contribution du TAFI au risque thrombotique artériel." Aix-Marseille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX22063.
Full textBouzekri, Nourdine. "Etude de polymorphismes génomiques chez l'homme ; application de leur étude à la génétique de populations et à la génétique du diabète insulino-dépendant." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30157.
Full textBraconnot, Sabine. "Structure génétique de Parnassius apollo Linné (Lépidoptera, Papilionidae) en France : étude du polymorphisme enzymatique." Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX11058.
Full textDella-Chiesa, Emmannuelle. "Contraintes génomiques et évolution des caractères quantitatifs." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112235.
Full textAmong all genes ruling the expression of quantitative traits, those involved in evolution are the polymorphic ones. Polymorphism may evolve under different selective pressures. A better understanding of how these selective pressures influence polymorphism could lead to a better understanding of the genetic determinism of these traits, which is not very well known yet. Moreover, it would lead to a better prediction of the response to selection of a population. This study aimed at characterizing, by simulations and for multilocus systems, the evolution through time of the spatial distribution of polymorphism along the genome. Starting with an initially polymorphic population, I showed that the loci that stayed polymorphic longer are to be found within clusters of linked loci and lead to a spatial clustering of polymorphism along the genome. The amount of clustering is measured with the ICS index which allowed for comparisons between populations and between generations. The spatial clustering of polymorphism along the genome is related to linkage disequilibrium between the loci. It disappears at mutation-selection-drift equilibrium. This non-random distribution was predicted at different genomic scales: nucleotide polymorphism along a DNA sequence or locus polymorphism along a chromosome. It can appear due to genetic drift alone, or due to the joint effect of drift and selection. Hence, this clustering of polymorphic loci is rather a signature of populations being outside equilibrium conditions. Lastly, the implication of the clustering of polymorphism into the supposed genetic determinism of traits, found during QTL mapping experiments, was studied. In particular, I showed that the number of polymorphic loci which can be expected inside a chromosomic fragment delimited by two genetic markers depends on the selective history of the parental lines of the studied cross
Pagès, Jean-René. "Variabilité génétique et hybridations chez les Schistosomes : le modèle Schistosoma intercalatum et espèces voisines." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20065.
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