Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Polynucléaire neutrophile'
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Espinasse, Marie-Alix. "Rôle de GILZ (Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper) dans l’apoptose du polynucléaire neutrophile et la résolution de l’inflammation." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA114803/document.
Full textElimination of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PN) from inflammatory site is a necessary step in the resolution of inflammation, where PN undergo massive apoptosis and are phagocyted by macrophages. In some inflammatory disorders, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), defective apoptosis of neutrophils was described and related to persistent inflammation and poor prognosis. GILZ (Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper) is a potent anti-inflammatory protein, mainly through inhibition of NF-кB (nuclear factor-kappa B) and AP-1 (activator protein-1) transcription factors. Moreover, GILZ modulates hematopoietic cells survival, either by preventing or inducing their apoptosis. The overall objective of this work has been to evaluate the role of GILZ in neutrophils functions and apoptosis during inflammation. First, we sought pathophysiological situations where GILZ could be expressed. ARDS caught our attention because of the systemic nature of inflammation and the prominent role of neutrophils. A prospective clinical study was conducted at Bichat hospital and showed a higher GILZ expression at protein and transcriptional levels in blood neutrophils of ARDS patients.Secondly, we evaluated the role of GILZ in neutrophils functions and phenotypes. Using the PLB-985 cell line induced towards the neutrophil lineage using all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and dimethylformamid (DMF), we evidenced that GILZ over-expression promoted exacerbated apoptosis of these cells. This apoptosis was caspase-dependent, involved the mitochondrial pathway and was explained, at least in part, by a diminution of myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) expression, whereas mcl-1 mRNA levels were not affected. A sustained activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) could be involved and lead to Mcl-1 phosphorylation and subsequent degradation by the proteasome machinery.Altogether, these results suggest a potential role of GILZ in the resolution of inflammation in vivo. To address this question, we currently develop an acute lung injury (ALI) model induced by lipopolysaccharides, which mimics the septic component of ARDS. This model will be implemented in mice invalidated for GILZ specifically in neutrophils. This approach should allow a better understanding of the role of GILZ in the resolution of inflammation. In the future, GILZ could represent a therapeutical target in inflammatory diseases involving neutrophils
Elbim, Carole. "Interactions des cytosines proinflammatoires avec le polynucléaire neutrophile humain." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05CD09.
Full textLuur-Coste, Joliette van der. "Etude de nouveaux marqueurs moléculaires du polynucléaire neutrophile d'intérêt transfusionnel." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20168.
Full textGranger, Vanessa. "Etude de la nétose du polynucléaire neutrophile dans deux modèles de réactions allergiques : le choc anaphylactique aux curares et l’asthme." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS364.
Full textNeutrophil netosis consists in the release of extracellular DNA filaments bound to granular proteins, called Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). In addition to their anti-infectious role, NETs are emerging actors of many inflammatory diseases and we decided to investigate their involvement during allergy.In a multicenter clinical study, our team highlighted an alternative mechanism of anaphylaxis to neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA) involving neutrophils (PN). The acute phase of these reactions is characterized by NETs release which level is correlated with severity and with a decrease in IgG activating receptors (FcγRs) expression on PN; this suggests a role of immune complexes (IC) IgG / NMBA in NETs formation during these anaphylactic reactionsTo confirm this hypothesis, the ability of IgG ICs to activate netosis was studied through the development of an in vitro stimulation model of purified human PNs.This work shows that two PN IgG receptors (FcγRIIa and FcγRIIIB) contribute to NET release upon cellular activation by different ICsIn parallel, NETs formation has been explored in a model of chronic allergic reactions, asthma. At systemic level, NETs levels are associated with severe and poorly controlled asthma as well with the presence of low reversible bronchial obstruction. Conversely, NETs levels in bronchoalveolar lavage are higher in moderate asthma and appear to reflect pulmonary recruitment and activation of PN in response to microbial colonization.Taking together these results show that NETs are released during the two selected models of allergic reactions : acute (NMBA anaphylaxis) and chronic (asthma) and could be used as biomarkers of severity. Furthers works are needed to determine to what extent NETs contribute to the pathophysiology of allergy
Delclaux, Christophe. "Rôle du polynucléaire neutrophile dans la physiopathologie du syndrome de détresse respiratoire aiguë." Paris 12, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA120016.
Full textGauthier, Alexandre. "Rôle des protéases à sérine du polynucléaire neutrophile dans l'inflammation associée à la mucoviscidose." Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR4040.
Full textNo summary available
Garcia, Geoffrey. "Les NETs (Neutrophils Extracellular Traps) et les DNases au cours de la COVID-19." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0175.
Full textNeutrophil Extracellular Traps and DNases involvement during During infection, neutrophils release Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) to capture,prevent the dissemination of, and kill pathogens. NETs contribute to immunothrombosis byinteracting with platelets and immune cells, thus activating coagulation. However, excessiveproduction of NETs can cause thromboinflammation, leading to cellular and tissue damage. NETsare implicated in the pathophysiology of both arterial and venous thrombosis and in severe formsof COVID-19. They are physiologically degraded by DNases and macrophages. Currently, DNasetechniques are not standardized, and the mechanisms underlying the exacerbation of NETosis inCOVID-19 are not well understood. We first aimed to develop a functional assay to evaluate theability of DNases in human samples to degrade DNA or NETs. We established a robust,repeatable, and reproducible method that can be applied to both serum and plasma.Subsequently, we assessed the balance between NET markers and DNase activity according toCOVID-19 severity, and studied the mechanisms responsible for the NETs/DNases imbalance. Weconfirmed that NET markers increase with disease severity and demonstrated a decrease inDNase activity in hospitalized patients, resulting in an imbalance between NET markers andDNase activity in this group. The most severe patients exhibited decreased levels of DNase 1,with some harboring polymorphisms in the DNase 1 gene correlating with low protein levels.Additionally, we observed that critically ill patients had lower levels of plasmacytoid dendriticcells compared to those with severe disease. Reanalysis of public single cell RNA sequencing datashowed that plasmacytoid dendritic cells express less DNase 1L3 RNA as the disease severityincreases. This study demonstrates that COVID-19 severity is associated with an imbalance inNETs and DNases. Identifying this DNase deficit as an aggravating factor in patients could lead tonew therapeutic strategies, such as DNase administration, to prevent clinical deterioration
Bonneau, Christine. "Effet des lipoprotéines de basse densité sur la migration et le métabolisme oxydatif du polynucléaire neutrophile humain "in vitro"." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA114836.
Full textMambole, Agnès. "Etude des interactions entre le polynucléaire neutrophile et l’endothélium : rôle de la leucosialine (CD43) et de l’intégrine α9β1 (alpha9beta1)." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066187.
Full textBarrientos, Lorena. "Modulation fonctionnelle des cellules dendritiques par les " Neutrophil Extracellular Traps "." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01016696.
Full textDewas, Cédric. "Régulation de la production des formes réactives de l'oxygène par le polynucléaire neutrophile humain : rôle de la phosphorylation de la protéine p47phox dans l'activation et le priming de la NADPH oxydase." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077184.
Full textLombard, Robin. "Rôle des polynucléaires neutrophiles dans la régulation de la réponse inflammatoire IL-17A lors de l'infection pulmonaire par les mycobactéries." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR4048/document.
Full textTuberculosis (TB) pandemic, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is not controlled by the live vaccine BCG. Mtb induces granuloma formation developing to exacerbated inflammation that destroys the lung during active TB. Roles played by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and inflammatory cytokine IL-17A remain ill defined. We show, in the mouse model, that PMN reach the lung in two waves following lung infection with BCG or Mtb. Only the second wave depends on receptor IL-17A expression by non hematopoietic cells. PMN chemoattractants CXCL-1 and 5 seem involved in this late recruitment. In the lung PMN produce immunosuppressive IL-10 that dampens IL-17A production. Mycobacteria infected dendritic cells, present inside granuloma, also secrete CXCL-1. Neutrophils attracted towards infected dendritic cells secrete IL-10 that inhibits IL-17A but not IFN-g production. Indeed, CD4+ Th17 and not Th1 express the IL-10 receptor. Our data shed new light on regulatory PMN in IL-17A-driven lung inflammation during TB
Stiel, Laure. "L’activation des polynucléaires neutrophiles au cours du choc septique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ069.
Full textThis PhD thesis focused on the activation of polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMNs) during septic shock. After an introduction including an overview on pathophysiology of septic shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and PMNs, original experimental and clinical data are reported. In a prospective study, we enrolled 100 patients and showed that neutrophils’ activation measured by neutrophil fluorescence using flow cytometry could represent an original biomarker of septic shock-induced DIC. Furthermore, we highlighted a mechanism of neutrophil’s activation: NETosis, through assessment of indirect serum’s markers associated specifically to DIC during septic shock. In order to confirm the relevance of this result, we reported a direct visualization of circulating NETs in blood of DIC-patients using immunofluorescence. Finally, we performed a proteomic study and identified some proteins involved in neutrophils’ activation during septic shock-induced DIC. Thus, PMN could represent an important actor of immunothrombosis’ deregulation during DIC, and could be considered as a potential therapeutic target
Taieb, Julien. "Immunopathologie de l'hépatite alcoolique aigue͏̈ : interaction entre polynucléaires neutrophiles et cytokines au cours de l'hépatite alcoolique aigue͏̈." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077181.
Full textFontayne, Alexandre. "Rôle des isoformes de PKC (a,ß,d,?) du polynucléaire neutrophile humain dans la phosphorylation d'un composant de la NADPH oxydase : la p47phox et la production des formes réactives de l'oxygène." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA11T025.
Full textKoehl, Bérengère. "Implication de l'endotheline-1 dans l'adhérence et l'activation des polynucléaires neutrophiles dans la drépanocytose." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC112/document.
Full textSickle cell disease is a genetic disorder affecting red blood cells, due to a point mutation in the β chain of the hemoglobin gene. However, the pathophysiology of the disease goes well beyond the erythrocyte abnormalities, including vascular and white blood cell dysfunctions that contribute to the complexity of the disease. In this project, we investigated the role of endothelin-1, a powerful vasoconstrictor peptide involved in many vascular diseases, on activation and adhesion of neutrophil in sickle cell disease.We worked on both a mouse model of sickle cell disease (SAD mice) and blood samples from patients. In mice, we performed intravital microscopy experiments, to test the in vivo effect of endothelin receptor antagonists ETA and ETB on neutrophils recruitment. On blood samples from patients with sickle cell disease, we tested in vitro adhesion of neutrophils to vascular endothelium in response to the blocking of ETA and ETB receptors. Finally, we studied the expression of ETA and ETB receptors on neutrophils and the signaling pathways resulting in their activation.In our mouse model of sickle cell disease, the inhibition of both endothelin receptors ETA and ETB limits the major leukocyte recruitment caused by an inflammatory stimulus. These results confirm the role of ETA and the more unexpected important role of ETB in all stages of neutrophil adhesion and transmigration in sickle cell context.On human samples, we demonstrated the crucial role of ETB in neutrophils adhesion. We also confirmed the expression of ETA and ETB receptors on neutrophils. ETB receptor activates a signaling pathway responsible for intracytoplasmic calcium mobilization, but not involving the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Finally, we have shown the ability of neutrophils to synthesize and secrete endothelin-1, which can contribute to sustain the inflammatory stimulation and increased leukocyte recruitment.In conclusion, our work has highlighted the important role of ETB receptor in the recruitment of neutrophils in sickle cell disease. These data suggest that the antagonists of endothelin could be beneficial in prevention of vaso-occlusive events in sickle cell patients
Verstraeten, Luc. "Essai de conservation des polynucléaires neutrophiles." Nancy 1, 1992. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1992_0426_VERSTRAETEN.pdf.
Full textDemaret, Julie. "Altérations des polynucléaires neutrophiles au cours des états septiques sévères." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1137/document.
Full textSevere septic syndromes deeply impair innate and adaptive immunity and are responsible for sepsis-induced immunosuppression. While neutrophils represent the first line of defense against infection, little is known about their phenotype and functions few days after sepsis, when the immunosuppressive phase is maximal (i.e., between day 3 and 8). The objective of this study was thus to perform a global evaluation of neutrophil alterations in immunosuppressed septic patients based on phenotypic, functional and transcriptomic studies. Our results highlight a markedly altered neutrophil chemotaxis (functional and chemokine receptor expressions), oxidative burst, lactoferrin content and an increased number of circulating immature granulocytes (i.e., CD10dimCD16dim). In contrast, phagocytosis and activation capacities were conserved. It is interesting to note that a diminished myeloperoxidase expression appeared as the best predictor to identify a group of septic shock patients at high risk of death. Similarly, patients with lower proportions of CD10dimCD16dim granulocytes had a significant better survival compared with patients presenting a higher percentage. CD177 mRNA, coding for an activation molecule in chemotaxis but also known to be overexpressed in immature cells, had the highest fold change modulation between patients and controls. Considering the potential dual roles of CD177 neutrophil (i.e., maturation / chemotaxis), its participation in septic shock pathophysiology deserves further investigation. To conclude, circulating neutrophils present with phenotypic, functional and morphological alterations few days after sepsis onset. These dysfunctions may participate in the deleterious role of sepsis-induced immunosuppression. The present results open new perspectives in the mechanisms favoring nosocomial infections after septic shock. They deserve to be further investigated in a larger clinical study and in animal models recapitulating these alterations
Lelubre, Christophe. "Contribution à l’étude de l’expression des phosphodiestérases et des apolipoprotéines L leucocytaires au cours du sepsis chez l’homme." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/271177.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences médicales (Médecine)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Djillani, Alaeddine. "Caractérisation des canaux calciques dans les polynucléaires neutrophiles : rôle dans la phagocytose et la production des radicaux libres oxygénés." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01069097.
Full textGrégoire, Murielle. "Polynucléaires neutrophiles, cellules stromales, lymphocytes B : interaction tripartite dans la niche des lymphomes B." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S156/document.
Full textFor long time, neutrophils have only been considered as cells involved in the innate immune response. More recently, in descriptive publications, neutrophils were found in the microenvironment of many solid cancers, hypothesizing that they could also play a role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. These studies highlighted the prognostic value of their frequency, but few of them focused on the functional characterization of these cells in tumor growth. In many cancers, including germinal centre-derived B-cell lymphomas, tumor cells are dependent on their microenvironment to proliferate and survive. In this study, we focused on the role of neutrophils in the progression of B-cell lymphomas, and for the first time we demonstrated that neutrophils directly support the growth and survival of tumor Bcells. In addition, we highlighted the existence of bidirectional cooperation between neutrophils and stromal cells. In one hand stromal cells support the survival of neutrophils. On the other hand, neutrophils induce a lymphoid stroma phenotype which is well known to enhance their supportive effect on tumor cells. This study demonstrates that neutrophils are a significant component of the tumor microenvironment and may be considered as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of B-cell lymphomas
Le, Lan Françoise. "L'activation des polynucléaires neutrophiles : implications en physio-pathologie et analyse de l'effet de la pentoxifylline en cytométrie en flux." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2P058.
Full textLe', Negrate Gaëlle. "Effets de la migration transépithéliale des polynucléaires neutrophiles sur les mécanismes apoptotiques des cellules épithéliales intestinales et des polynucléaires neutrophiles." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE5663.
Full textMassive polymorph nuclear leukocytes (PMN) infiltrates in intestinal layers characterized inflammatory bowel diseases. PMN migration into the inflamed tissues constitutes the first line of defense against bacteria or fungal infection. Control of PMN and intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) apoptosis, also called programmed cell death is crucial for the resolution of inflammation; By using in vitro model of PMN transepithelial migration and biochemical approaches, we provide the first evidence that PMN transmigration through an IEC monolayer (T84 cells) induces IEC apoptosis, and increased PMN life span. Whereas the interaction between Fas receptor on T84 cells and FasL expressed by PMN was not involved in T84 cell apoptosis, a prolonged actin network disruption in IEC ocuring during transmigration induced their cell death. PMN apoptotic delay mediated by their transmigration is associated with a decrease in procaspases expression both at mRNA and protein level. Furthermore, decrease in Fas ligand expression on transmigrated PMN, impairing Fas/FasL interaction was involved in this survival process. In addition, we demonstrated that Helicobacter pylori, pathogenic bacteria induced IEC apoptosis via a Fas-dependent pathway. Furthermore, this apoptotic process depends on expression of bacterial virulence factors by H. Pylori, i. E. The cag pathogenicity island and the cytoxin VacA
Célestin, Hanitranirina Michel. "Influence du ritonavir sur le taux sanguin de polynucléaires neutrophiles chez les patients infectés par le VIH." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR2P045.
Full textLambour, Jennifer. "Rôle des polynucléaires neutrophiles et du FcgRIV dans les effets vaccinaux induit par immunothérapie antivirale par anticorps monoclonaux." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTT064/document.
Full textMonoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are now considered as a true therapeutic alternative for treating severe viral infections. Figure out their multiple mechanisms of action is therefore crucial to improve their therapeutic effect. Using a mouse model of viral infection (the FrCasE retrovirus-induced leukemia), the team showed that a short immunotherapy with a neutralizing mAb induces long-term protective antiviral immunity ("vaccine" effects) which is Fc-dependent. Notably, immune complexes (IC) formed with therapeutic mAbs and viral determinants induce the activation of immune cells, especially dendritic cells (DCs) via their interaction with FcγRs expressed on the cell’s surface. However, IC-FcγR interactions can involve different cells of the immune system in addition to DCs, such as macrophages, monocytes or neutrophils, which differentially express FcγRs. In this context, it is important to identify which FcγRs and which FcγR-expressing cells are crucial in the induction of vaccine effects induced by mAbs. It’s the reason why my thesis work has focused on the study of the role of neutrophils and FcγRs in the modulation of immune response by mAbs. This study is based on the Fc-dependent nature of the induction of a protective immune response by mAbs and the immunomodulatory properties of neutrophils, described in different pathological situations but never studied in an mAbs antiviral immunotherapy context. To this end, I used different approaches in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo.By using the FrCasE infection model, it has been shown that neutrophils as well as FcγRIV have a crucial role in the induction of vaccine effects by mAbs, notably via the induction of a long-term protective antiviral humoral response. Moreover the in vitro experiments, highlighted that neutrophils are more effectively activated by IC compared to virus alone and that different pro-inflammatory and/or immunomodulating cytokines (i.e.TNFα and type I and type II interferons) potentiate the activation of neutrophils induced by IC. My work also revealed that viral infection and immunotherapy modulate the expression of different FcγRs, and notably they induce the overexpression of FcγRIV on two distinct populations of neutrophils (differentiated by their expression levels of the Ly6G surface marker: Ly6Ghi and Ly6Gint) and inflammatory monocytes. Finally, my work shows that immunotherapy with Mab modulates the chemokinic and cytokinic secretion profiles of these 3 FcγRIV-over-expressing cell, although the nature of the secretion profiles differs according to the cell type and evolves over time. These results suggest that the immunomodulatory effect of mAbs is based on the activation of different actors of the early immune response by inducing the secretion of chemokines and cytokines necessary for the orchestration of the immune response. They also suggest a potential cooperation between these different actors in the establishment of protective immunity.Altogether, these results show a key immunomodulator role of FcγRIV as well as of different cells expressing it in the induction of a protective immune response by antiviral mAb. They might have important consequences for the improvement of Mab-based immunotherapies
Makni, Maalej Karama. "Effet des agonistes des TRL sur la production des FRO par la NADPH oxydase des polynucléaires neutrophiles humains." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA11T037/document.
Full textSuperoxide anion production by the neutrophil NADPH oxidase plays a key role in host defense; however, excessive superoxide production is believed to participate to inflammatory reactions. Neutrophils express several TLR that recognize a variety of microbial motifs or agonists. The interaction between TLR and their agonists is believed to help neutrophils to recognize and to eliminate the pathogen. However, the effects of some TLR agonists on the NADPH oxidase activation and the mechanisms controlling these effects have not been elucidated. In this study, we show that the TLR7/8 agonist CL097 by itself did not induce NADPH oxidase activation in human neutrophils, but induced a dramatic increase of fMLF-stimulated activation. Interestingly, CL097 induced cytochrome b558 translocation to the plasma membrane and the phosphorylation of the NADPH oxidase cytosolic component p47phox on Ser345, Ser328 and Ser315. Phosphorylations of Ser328 and Ser315 were significantly increased in CL097-primed and fMLF-stimulated neutrophils. Phosphorylation of Ser345, Ser328 and Ser315 was decreased by inhibitors of p38MAPK and the ERK1/2-pathway. Phosphorylation of Ser328 was decreased by a PKC inhibitor. Genistein, a braod range protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, inhibited the phosphorylation of these serines. Our results also show that CL097 induced proline isomerase (Pin1) activation and that juglone, a Pin1 inhibitor, inhibited CL097-mediated priming of fMLF-induced p47phox phosphorylation and superoxide production. These results show that activation of TLR7/8 in human neutrophils induces hyper-activation of the NADPH oxidase by stimulating the phosphorylation of p47phox on selective sites, and suggest that p38MAPK, ERK1/2, PKC and Pin1 control this process.Zymosan a cell-wall preparation from saccharomyces cerevisiae is largely used to activate neutrophils in its opsonized form. In this study, we show that non-opsonized zymosan induced ROS production by human neutrophils. Interestingly, zymosan induced the phosphorylation of the NADPH oxidase cytosolic component p47phox on Ser345, Ser328 and Ser315; and activation of the GTPase Rac2. Phosphorylation of p47phox as well as Rac2 activation were inhibited by genistein a broad range protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Wortmannin a PI3Kinase inhibitor, inhibited phosphorylation of p47phox on Ser328 and Ser315 and Rac2 activation. SB203580 and UO126, inhibitors of p38MAPK and ERK1/2-pathway respectively, inhibited phosphorylation of p47phox on Ser345. GF109203X a PKC inhibitor inhibited phosphorylation on Ser328 and Ser315. Zymosan-induced ROS production was inhibited by genistein, wortmannin, SB203580, UO126 and GF109203X. These results show that zymosan induced ROS production by NADPH oxidase in human neutrophils via the phosphorylation of p47phox and Rac2 activation. Our results also suggest that a protein tyrosine kinase and PI3Kinase control p47phox phosphorylation and Rac2 activation while p38MAPK, ERK1/2 and PKC are involved in zymosan-induced p47phox phosphorylation
Wislez, Marie. "Rôle des polynucléaires neutrophiles dans la progression aérogène des adénocarcinomes pulmonaires." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066341.
Full textGuy, Alexandre. "Rôle des cellules endothéliales avec mutation JAK2V617F et des polynucléaires neutrophiles dans la physiopathologie de la thrombose des néoplasies myéloprolifératives." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0226.
Full textMyeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are acquired hematologic diseases of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) characterized by blood cell proliferation. An activating mutation of the protein JAK2 (JAK2V617F) has been identified in more than 50% of patients. The occurrence of arterial and venous thrombosis is one of the main complications during these diseases. We first studied the consequences of the presence of the JAK2V617F mutation in endothelial cells (EC) on the physiopathology of thrombosis. We used two complementary approaches, in vitro with the use of human venous endothelial cells, and in vivo with the use of a mouse model allowing the presence of the JAK2V617F mutation only in the endothelial compartment: the PDGFb-iCreERT2;JAK2V617F/WT model. We first observed that PDGFbiCreERT2; JAK2V617F/WT mice displayed a higher propensity for thrombosis. This increased thrombus formation was mediated by an increased leukocyte adhesion in presence of JAK2V617F EC, secondary to an increase in P-Selectin expression at their surface. This work made it possible to highlight a new mechanism of the physiopathology of thrombosis during JAK2V617F MPN. Then we studied neutrophils and the phenomenon of NETosis (formation of neutrophil extracellular traps or NET) during MPN. We demonstrated that NET formation was increased in a cohort of patients with MPN, such as indirect markers of NETosis (plasmatic DNA and MPO-DNA). We found that plasma MPO-DNA levels were higher in patients with a history of thrombosis compared to patients without. We confirmed these results using two different mouse models in which we also found increased NET formation. We found that NET formation was involved in the physiopathology of thrombosis, as DNAse administration resulted in a reduction of thrombosis occurrence. Finally, we demonstrated that JAK2V617F platelets stimulated NET formation by JAK2V617F neutrophils, suggesting collaboration of these two cell types during the physiopathology of thrombosis during MPN
Léculier, Christophe. "Action des héparines sur le métabolisme des polynucléaires neutrophiles humains." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10127.
Full textReglier-Poupet, Hélène. "Etude des interactions entre les polynucléaires neutrophiles humains et l'interleukine-10." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P008.
Full textReumaux, Dominique. "Anticorps anti-cytoplasme des polynucléaires neutrophiles (ANCA) : études cliniques et fonctionnelles." Lille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIL2P005.
Full textDong, Yuan. "Implication des polynucléaires neutrophiles au cours de la maladie d’Alzheimer et des tauopathies Neutrophil hyperactivation correlates with Alzheimer's disease progression Reduced Oxidative Burst by Primed Neutrophils in the Elderly Individuals Is Associated With Increased Levels of the CD16bright/CD62Ldim Immunosuppressive Subset." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS445.
Full textNeutrophils are key components of early innate immunity and contribute to uncontrolled systemic inflammation if not tightly regulated. Our study demonstrated that blood samples from Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) patients with dementia revealed neutrophil hyperactivation associated with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and increased levels of intravascular neutrophil extravascular traps. The homeostasis of circulating neutrophils in these patients also changed: the ratio between the harmful hyperreactive CXCR4high/CD62Llow senescent and the CD16bright/CD62Ldim immunosuppressive neutrophil subsets rose in the latter stage of the disease. These abnormalities, that may play an instrumental role in establishing systemic chronic inflammation, were greater in fast-decliner than in slow-decliner patients. Some abnormalities, including the increased level of ROS production, were observed in patients with atypic AD but not in Tauopathies suggesting that these alterations are specific of amyloid pathology. Our data strongly suggest that the neutrophil phenotype may constitute an innovative and prognostic blood biomarker in patients with Alzheimer’s disease open new perspectives for the development of innovative immunotherapy strategies based on neutrophil modulation
Giannini, Eric. "Étude de la désensibilisation du récepteur de la fraction C5a dans les polynucléaires neutrophiles." Grenoble 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10142.
Full textLabrouche, Sylvie. "Héparines et fonctions granulocytaires : étude in vitro sur les polynucléaires neutrophiles humains." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2B002.
Full textFerrer-Lopez, Pablo. "Rôle de la cathepsine G dans l'interaction polynucléaire neutrophiles-plaquettes : influence des antiproteases." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05CD03.
Full textEyraud, Anne. "Étude de la réponse chimiotactique des polynucléaires neutrophiles chez le rat : impact des macrolides." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO1W241.
Full textLeyravaud, Sophie. "Régulation de la biosynthèse de paf-acether par les polynucléaires neutrophiles humains." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112268.
Full textEthuin, Frédéric. "Interactions entre l' interleukine-12 et les polynucléaires neutrophiles : application au sepsis." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077156.
Full textDupont, Aurélie. "Peptides d'élastine et régulation de la réponse immune : rôle sur les fonctions biologiques des polynucléaires neutrophiles au cours de la BPCO et sur les fonctions effectrices des cellules dendritiques." Thesis, Reims, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REIMP202/document.
Full textOrganisme defense against pathogens needs complexe interactions interactions between immune cells and environnement. The extracellular matrix is being remodeled to aloww cells to migrate to infectious site. Peptides generated by this degradation can influence biological fonctions of immune cells. In pathologies involving elastin rich tissue degradation inflammatory and immune cells, especially neutrophils and dendritic cells are in an environnement including numbers of matrix degradation products. This work shows that Elastin Peptides (EP) can regulate the fonctions of neutrophils from healthy subjects, by increasing significantly their migration, their cytokines production and their phagocytic capacity. These EP effects are howeever less important en stable COPD subject and depends on the clinical state of these patients. Indeed the biological properties of neutrophils from COPD patients in exacerbation are not affected by EP. This discrepancy considering the clinical state can be explained by the level of the S-Gal receptor expression. In a second part we have shown the ability of the EP to attract dendritic cell (DC) on the infection site without couetracting DC maturation. This effect involves the S-Gal receptor present on the surface of the cells. EP can also oriente the cytokine production by LPS-induced toward a Th-2 profil and favorise the emergence of DC with tolerogenic features. These effects are mediated throug EP/S-Gal interaction and leads to the developement of a T regulatory response. All of these results suggest that EP are involved in the regulation of innate and adaptative immunity
Pinel, Patrick. "Expression du récepteur Fc par les polynucléaires au cours de la migration à travers la peau humaine." Nantes, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NANT3565.
Full textGlemain, Alexandre. "Micro-aRNs des neutrophiles dans les vacularités associées aux ANCA." Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT4052.
Full textActivation of neutrophils by ANCA (Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies) is a key feature of microvascular endothelial cell (EC) damage in ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). Here, we demonstrate that upon ANCA activation, neutrophils release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are able to transfer of miR-223, miR-142-3p and miR-451 to microvascular EC. We have shown a deleterious impact of miR-142-3p and miR-451 in vitro, both in models of overexpression of these microRNAs and coincubation of EVs with EC transfected with specific inhibitors of these miRNA. This impact is characterized by increase of apoptosis, secretion of proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines, and inhibition of pro-angiogenic genes expression. These results were backed up by a study of the expression profile of these micro-RNAs in patients biopsies
Hbabi, Laïla. "Effet in vitro d'un immunostimulant d'origine bactérienne sur l'adhésion des polynucléaires neutrophiles humains." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT017A.
Full textGalliani, Sylvie. "Adhérence de Staphylococcus eperdimidis sur catheters intra-vasculaires et réponse des polynucléaires neutrophiles." Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX22032.
Full textBoxio, Rachel. "Signalisation intracellulaire dans la régulation des fonctions bactéricides chez les polynucléaires neutrophiles de souris." Nancy 1, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2005_0006_BOXIO.pdf.
Full textSince the creation of the transgenic mice, the study of the innate immunity of this animal has received renewed interest. To exploit this experimental model as well as possible, it was initially necessary to know its normal function in order to compare to our current knowledge of the human immune system. The aim is to apprehend and define the limits of the murine model. We isolated neutrophils from mouse blood and bone marrow and compared their bactericidal functions. We have shown that mouse bone marrow contains a large population of neutrophils which are morphologically and functionally as mature as blood neutrophils. In addition, the discovery of new molecules aiming at stimulating the microbicidal activity of neutrophils as well as the study of intracellular signalling pathways leading to either the activation of these cells, their survival or their accelerated death, allowed us to better understand their regulation
Semiramoth, Nicolas. "Modulation fonctionnelle des polynucléaires neutrophiles par les Escherichia coli d’adhésion diffuse (DAEC) exprimant les adhésines Afa/Dr." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA114804.
Full textAfa/Dr DAEC causing childhood diarrhea can induce, in-vitro, the migration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) through the intestinal epithelium. Using the human PLB-985 cell line differentiated into fully mature PMN, we described the coordinated response to various E. Coli. We show that several strains of Afa/Dr DAEC induced a significant pro-inflammatory response, particularly by causing an overproduction of IL-8. Then we show that F1845 adhesin induced externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS). This effect was triggered in part by DAF receptor engagement. Interestingly, although apoptosis pathways were not engaged, this PS externalization displayed enhanced removal by macrophages, a phenomenon possibly participating in the resolution of inflammation
Dagher, Marie-Claire. "Activation de la NADPH-oxydase productrice d'ions superoxyde dans les polynucléaires neutrophiles : étude d'un système acellulaire et purification d'un facteur cytosolique activateur de l'oxydase." Grenoble 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE10049.
Full textAlves, de Toledo Karina. "L' activation des neutrophiles par le MNCF a pour conséquence la transcription de gènes et la sécrétion de cytokines, et cela même dans des conditions anti-inflammatoires." Paris 6, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00809242.
Full textLeukocytes are accumulated, in the inflammatory process, because to action of the wide array of stimuli. This event envolved several and coodenated steps whose inhibited by glucocoticoids, such as dexamethasone. Dexamethasone affects human neutrophils in different ways. It shows negative effects (on synthesis and secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators) and positive effects (for example, on annexin I). Among the inducers of leukocyte migration, MNCF, a galactose-binding lectin, has been described as an agonist and chemoattractant for neutrophils, both in vivo and in vitro. MNCF shows as peculiar activity the migration of neutrophils resistant to dexamethasone actions which awakes great interest in undertanding the mechanism of action on polymorphonuclears by this lectin. Our first step was study human MNCF-stimulated neutrophils pre-incubated with dexamethasone. In these conditions, MNCF, in the absence of F-actin polymerization: (a) protects neutrophils from spontaneous apoptosis, (b) induces tyrosine and p38 MAP quinases phosphorylation, (c) induces CD62L shedding, (d) degranulates secretory vesicles and secundary granules, but not azurophilic granules, in the dependent manner of tyrosine and MAP quinases and Src family, (e) translocates the transcription factor NF-kB and, (f) induces transcription and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. In parallel, human neutrophils pre-incubated with dexamethasone and stimulated with MNCF did not show CD62L shedding and F-actin polarization, but the in vitro migration was maintained. Besides, we already observe translocation of NF-kB from cytoplasm to nucleous which it activates the genic transcription 14 and secretion of inflammatory mediators, such as CXCL8. The results, showed here, strengthens previous results, demonstranting that MNCF as a agonist to neutrophils, beyond increase the half life them. Although, dexamethasone modifies some effects of MNCF on neutrophis, this glucocorticoid does not inhibit the cellular response to the studied lectin. Thus, the maintenance of inflammatory mediators, dependents to NF-kB, during the inflammatory process, could explain, even parcialy, the break in the resitance to glucocorticoids actions by MNCF in the neutrophil migration
Grenier, Alain. "Production d'oncostatine M et d'hépatocyte growth factor par les polynucléaires neutrophiles sanguins et alvéolaires." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA114810.
Full textMavier, Jean-Philippe. "Étude de la toxicité des polynucléaires neutrophiles vis à vis des hépatocytes : démonstration, mécanismes et systèmes protecteurs." Paris 12, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA120024.
Full textDelighazarian, Marc. "Etude préliminaire des mouvements du calcium à l'intérieur du polynucléaire neutrophyle des patients atteints de la maladie périodiques." Aix-Marseille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX20019.
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