Journal articles: 'Polyolefins'

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Zhang, Ni, Mingzhu Ding, and Yingjin Yuan. "Current Advances in Biodegradation of Polyolefins." Microorganisms 10, no. 8 (July 29, 2022): 1537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10081537.

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Polyolefins, including polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS), are widely used plastics in our daily life. The excessive use of plastics and improper handling methods cause considerable pollution in the environment, as well as waste of energy. The biodegradation of polyolefins seems to be an environmentally friendly and low-energy consumption method for plastics degradation. Many strains that could degrade polyolefins have been isolated from the environment. Some enzymes have also been identified with the function of polyolefin degradation. With the development of synthetic biology and metabolic engineering strategies, engineered strains could be used to degrade plastics. This review summarizes the current advances in polyolefin degradation, including isolated and engineered strains, enzymes and related pathways. Furthermore, a novel strategy for polyolefin degradation by artificial microbial consortia is proposed, which would be helpful for the efficient degradation of polyolefin.

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Kresge, E. N. "Polyolefin Thermoplastic Elastomer Blends." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 64, no. 3 (July 1, 1991): 469–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538564.

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Abstract Thermoplastic elastomers based on blends of polyolefins are an important family of engineering materials. Their importance arises from a combination of rubbery properties along with their thermoplastic nature in contrast to thermoset elastomers. The development of polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer blends follows somewhat that of thermoplastic elastomers based on block copolymers such as styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymer and multisegmented polyurethane thermoplastic elastomers which were instrumental in showing the utility of thermoplastic processing methods. Polyoleflns are based on coordination catalysts that do not easily lend themselves to block or multisegmented copolymer synthesis. However, since polyolefins have many important attributes favorable to useful elastomeric systems, there was considerable incentive to produce thermoplastic elastomers based on simple α-olefins by some means. Low density, chemical stability, weather resistance, and ability to accept compounding ingredients without compromising physical properties are highly desirable. These considerations led to the development of polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer blends, and two types are now widely used: blends of ethylene-propylene rubber (EPM) with polypropylene (PP) and blends of EPDM and PP in which the rubber phase is highly crosslinked. This article reviews the nature of these blends. Both physical and Theological properties are very dependent on the morphology and crosslink density of the blend system. Moreover, the usefulness of practical systems depends extensively on compounding technology based on added plasticizers and fillers.

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Goring, Paul D., Colin Morton, and Peter Scott. "End-functional polyolefins for block copolymer synthesis." Dalton Transactions 48, no. 11 (2019): 3521–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9dt00087a.

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Najaf Kakhramanov, Najaf Kakhramanov, Khayala Allakhverdiyeva Khayala Allakhverdiyeva, Qalina Martynova Qalina Martynova, Fatima Mustafayeva Fatima Mustafayeva, Yunis Kahramanli Yunis Kahramanli, Nazim Sadikhov Nazim Sadikhov, and Azer Amirov Azer Amirov. "New Approaches for the Interpretation of the Structure and Phase Transitions in Nanocomposites Based on Modified Polyolefins and Technical Carbon." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 45, no. 2 (2023): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/0012142/jcsp/45.02.2023.

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The results of the investigation of the thermomechanical characteristics of maleinized polyolefine-based nanocomposite materials with different carbon black content are presented. The high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene and polypropylene were used as polyolefins. Highly structured amorphous carbon black of the Printex XE 2B brand with a nanoparticle size of 20 nm, introduced into the composition of the polyolefin in an amount of 1.0–20 wt%, was used as technical carbon. To improve the compatibility of polyolefins with technical carbon, a compatibilizer was used – high-density polyethylene graft copolymer with 5-6 wt% maleic anhydride (PEMA) brand Exxelor PO1040 and polypropylene graft copolymer with 5-6 wt% maleic anhydride (PPMA) brand Exxelor PO1020. The compatibilizer was introduced into the composition of polyolefins in the amount of 2.0 wt%. An electron microscopic, derivatographic and X-ray diffraction analysis of nanocomposites with different technical carbon content was carried out. Thermomechanical studies were carried out on a Kanavets instrument. It was found that with an increase in the content of technical carbon within 1.0, 5.0, 10, 20 wt%, the regularity of change in the thermomechanical curves undergoes significant changes. At a technical carbon concentration of 10 and 20 wt%, an area as a plateau appears on the thermomechanical curves. The most thermally stable plateau appeared for nanocomposites based on maleized LDPE* and PP* with 20 wt% technical carbon content. New scientific approaches are presented for interpreting the discovered regularities, taking into account modern theoretical concepts of the supramolecular crystal structure of nanocomposites and the interfacial amorphous region.

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Fazekas, Timothy J., Jill W. Alty, Eliza K. Neidhart, Austin S. Miller, Frank A. Leibfarth, and Erik J. Alexanian. "Diversification of aliphatic C–H bonds in small molecules and polyolefins through radical chain transfer." Science 375, no. 6580 (February 4, 2022): 545–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abh4308.

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The ability to selectively introduce diverse functionality onto hydrocarbons is of substantial value in the synthesis of both small molecules and polymers. Herein, we report an approach to aliphatic carbon–hydrogen bond diversification using radical chain transfer featuring an easily prepared O -alkenylhydroxamate reagent, which upon mild heating facilitates a range of challenging or previously undeveloped aliphatic carbon–hydrogen bond functionalizations of small molecules and polyolefins. This broad reaction platform enabled the functionalization of postconsumer polyolefins in infrastructure used to process plastic waste. Furthermore, the chemoselective placement of ionic functionality onto a branched polyolefin using carbon–hydrogen bond functionalization upcycled the material from a thermoplastic into a tough elastomer with the tensile properties of high-value polyolefin ionomers.

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Silva-Vela, Alejandro, Francine Roudet, Nataly Calderón, Paul Huanca-Zuñiga, Danny Tupayachy-Quispe, and Jonathan Almirón. "Study of the Mechanical Properties of Polymer Composites Based on Polyolefins with the Addition of Rice Husk and Compatibilizer." Materials Science Forum 1053 (February 17, 2022): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-804xor.

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The present work studies the mechanical behavior of rice husk as a reinforcement element in mixtures of polyolefins. The composites were made by polyolefin mixtures of 30% LDPE, 40% HDPE and 30% PP, rice husk and Polybond as a compatibilizer. Samples for the tensile test were prepared by injection and compressive methods. The results confirm that rice husk alongside the compatibilizer bring about positively in the strength of composites. In reference to the adherence of rice husk to the mixture of polyolefins, which was studied from the microstructure of composites, the addition of compatibilizer improves the adherence between the polyolefins and rice husk, and thereby the quality in the fracture surface. These composites are considered to be a good alternative for the recovery of plastic agricultural waste.

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Christakopoulos, Fotis, Paul M. H. van Heugten, and Theo A. Tervoort. "Additive Manufacturing of Polyolefins." Polymers 14, no. 23 (November 26, 2022): 5147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14235147.

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Polyolefins are semi-crystalline thermoplastic polymers known for their good mechanical properties, low production cost, and chemical resistance. They are amongst the most commonly used plastics, and many polyolefin grades are regarded as engineering polymers. The two main additive manufacturing techniques that can be used to fabricate 3D-printed parts are fused filament fabrication and selective laser sintering. Polyolefins, like polypropylene and polyethylene, can, in principle, be processed with both these techniques. However, the semi-crystalline nature of polyolefins adds complexity to the use of additive manufacturing methods compared to amorphous polymers. First, the crystallization process results in severe shrinkage upon cooling, while the processing temperature and cooling rate affect the mechanical properties and mesoscopic structure of the fabricated parts. In addition, for ultra-high-molecular weight polyolefins, limited chain diffusion is a major obstacle to achieving proper adhesion between adjunct layers. Finally, polyolefins are typically apolar polymers, which reduces the adhesion of the 3D-printed part to the substrate. Notwithstanding these difficulties, it is clear that the successful processing of polyolefins via additive manufacturing techniques would enable the fabrication of high-end engineering products with enormous design flexibility. In addition, additive manufacturing could be utilized for the increased recycling of plastics. This manuscript reviews the work that has been conducted in developing experimental protocols for the additive manufacturing of polyolefins, presenting a comparison between the different approaches with a focus on the use of polyethylene and polypropylene grades. This review is concluded with an outlook for future research to overcome the current challenges that impede the addition of polyolefins to the standard palette of materials processed through additive manufacturing.

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Pasch, Harald, Lars-Christian Heinz, Tibor Macko, and Wolf Hiller. "High-temperature gradient HPLC and LC-NMR for the analysis of complex polyolefins." Pure and Applied Chemistry 80, no. 8 (January 1, 2008): 1747–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200880081747.

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The synthesis and characterization of polyolefins continues to be one of the most important areas for academic and industrial polymer research. One consequence of the development of new "tailor-made" polyolefins is the need for new and improved analytical techniques for the analysis of polyolefins with respect to molar mass and chemical composition distribution. The present article briefly reviews different new and relevant techniques for polyolefin analysis. Crystallization analysis fractionation is a powerful new technique for the analysis of short-chain branching in linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and the analysis of polyolefin blends and copolymers regarding chemical composition. For the fast analysis of the chemical composition distribution, a new high-temperature gradient high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system has been developed. The efficiency of this system for the separation of various olefin copolymers is demonstrated. The correlation between molar mass and chemical composition can be accessed by on-line coupling of high-temperature size exclusion chromatography (HT-SEC) and 1H NMR spectroscopy. It is shown that the on-line NMR analysis of chromatographic fractions yields information on microstructure and tacticity in addition to molar mass and copolymer composition.

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Tumasev, R. V., O. A. Arkatov, M. A. Goryaynov, V. K. Dudchenko, E. A. Mayer, and A. N. Pestryakov. "Modernization of Technology and Organization of Production of Triethylaluminium Co-Catalyst for Olefin Polymerization." Advanced Materials Research 772 (September 2013): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.772.15.

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Actual and prospective Russian market of polyolefins is analyzed. Growth of polyolefin capacities and triethylaluminium consumption as co-catalyst with Ti-Mg catalysts for polypropylene production in Russian Federation is shown. Quality of Russian and foreign triethylaluminium is compared. Project of modernization of TEA installation at Tomskneftekhim LTD is presented.

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Shi, Bo, and Mike Shlepr. "Thermoplastic films containing lignin and their optical polarization properties." Journal of Polymer Engineering 36, no. 5 (July 1, 2016): 521–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2015-0052.

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Abstract A soda lignin, Protobind 2400, was blended at ratios up to thirty weight percent with polyolefins or the aliphatic-aromatic copolyester Ecoflex and films were cast with a twin-screw extruder. The mechanical properties, structure, and optical properties of the resultant films were characterized by tensile tests and microscopy. Films for all blends of this modified lignin were successfully cast without operational issues. Film elongation was maintained for both the polyolefins and Ecoflex. Lignin significantly increased the modulus of the polyethylene films but decreased the modulus of the polypropylene and Ecoflex films. Lignin was found as lamellae oriented in the machine direction of the polyolefin films, but as spherical domains in the Ecoflex film. It was concluded that the oriented lamellar structure was critical to the behavior of the polyolefin-lignin blends as optical polarization films (OPFs). Additional development around improvement of this property, which for the prototypes produced here was about one-tenth the efficiency of commercially available OPFs, to produce a sustainable OPF was recommended.

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Peng, Wenhao. "High-value recycling and biodegradation of polyolefin materials." Applied and Computational Engineering 23, no. 7 (December 4, 2023): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/23/ojs/20230604.

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The pollution of plastic materials has seriously affected global environmental problems. Polyolefin materials are widely used as raw materials for plastics. This is due to their practical physical properties and low cost. However, there are major challenges in the disposal of waste polyolefin materials. Recycling and degradation have emerged as the two main approaches for the treatment of plastic waste today. Through a comprehensive literature analysis and review of methods, this paper provides an in-depth study of recycling and biodegradation of polyolefin materials. The study is based on a detailed search of several papers through Google Scholar in order to provide valuable insights into the different methods that are used for the recycling and biodegradation of polyolefins. The review summarizes the most effective technologies for recycling and biodegradation, while highlighting recent advances and future directions in the field. In particular, the research has focused on two main approaches: closed-loop recycling and chemical recovery. The latter technology is aimed at non-polluting biodegradation, which has become an increasingly important topic of interest for the scientific community. Given the urgency of the environmental challenges posed by polyolefins, the development of efficient and sustainable recycling and degradation methods is essential to create a circular economy and ensure a sustainable future.

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Peng, Wenhao. "High-value recycling and biodegradation of polyolefin materials." Applied and Computational Engineering 23, no. 1 (November 7, 2023): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/23/20230604.

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The pollution of plastic materials has seriously affected global environmental problems. Polyolefin materials are widely used as raw materials for plastics. This is due to their practical physical properties and low cost. However, there are major challenges in the disposal of waste polyolefin materials. Recycling and degradation have emerged as the two main approaches for the treatment of plastic waste today. Through a comprehensive literature analysis and review of methods, this paper provides an in-depth study of recycling and biodegradation of polyolefin materials. The study is based on a detailed search of several papers through Google Scholar in order to provide valuable insights into the different methods that are used for the recycling and biodegradation of polyolefins. The review summarizes the most effective technologies for recycling and biodegradation, while highlighting recent advances and future directions in the field. In particular, the research has focused on two main approaches: closed-loop recycling and chemical recovery. The latter technology is aimed at non-polluting biodegradation, which has become an increasingly important topic of interest for the scientific community. Given the urgency of the environmental challenges posed by polyolefins, the development of efficient and sustainable recycling and degradation methods is essential to create a circular economy and ensure a sustainable future.

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13

Khuraman Hajiahmadzade, Esfira Bagirova, Khuraman Hajiahmadzade, Esfira Bagirova, Gulnara Guliyeva Gulnara Guliyeva, and Lala Ibrahimova, Tarana Asgarova Lala Ibrahimova, Tarana Asgarova. "DETERMINATION OF THE ORDER OF REACTIONS OF POLYOLEFINS WITH THE PARTICIPATION OF FRIEDEL-KRAFTS DESTRUCTION." PAHTEI-Procedings of Azerbaijan High Technical Educational Institutions 148, no. 02 (April 29, 2024): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/pahtei148022024-29.

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The increase of interest in the catalytic destruction reaction of polyolefins under the influence of Lewis acids can be explained by two main factors: firstly, the theoretical aspect of these reactions, that is, the study of the kinetics and mechanism of processes to establish the scientific basis of processing polymers by this method. Second, the discovery of the mechanism of destruction opens great opportunities for modification of polyolefins. Reactions of Friedel-Krafts catalysts with the following polyolefins have been studied: polyethylene, polypropylene, their copolymers, polyisobutylene and butyl rubber, polystyrene and diene rubber, etc. The new mechanisms of the processes studied with the help of Friedel-Crafts catalysts in the cationic polymerization of olefins and the catalytic destruction of polyolefins have been revealed in this article. Our studies and kinetic calculations suggest the existence of a free radical mechanism. So, in order to prove that the destruction proceeds according to the radical mechanism, studies has been conducted with the participation of polyolefins. It has been determined that the active form of the catalyst during these reactions is its monomer form. Here, the theoretical studies of the kinetics of the destruction process of polyisobutylene under the influence of the AlEtCl2 catalyst under mild conditions (20-600C) and the calculation of the activation energy of the reaction are reflected, including the solved issues. Polyisobutylene under the influence of AlEtCl2 acid in different conditions, that is, in the amount of PIB in the range of 0,6012÷1,00815g, the process time of the catalyst at 20÷600C is 2÷600 min. A system of equations has been proposed to relate the parameters of the catalytic destruction process within the range of values and its adequacy has been confirmed by experiment. Keywords: Friedel-Krafts catalysts, polyolefin, cation, ion coordination, free radical, polyisobutylene

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Eaves, David. "The Properties of Crosslinked Foams Produced from Metallocene Polyolefins." Engineering Plastics 5, no. 7 (January 1997): 147823919700500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147823919700500702.

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A unique foaming process is briefly described and the properties of polyolefin foams produced by this process are reviewed. The influence of parameters such as foam density, crosslink level and cell structure are discussed, and in particular the effect of polymer type is examined. Foam grades based on metallocene polyolefins have recently been introduced, and the properties of these materials are compared with those of foams based on other polymers.

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Eaves, David. "The Properties of Crosslinked Foams Produced from Metallocene Polyolefins." Polymers and Polymer Composites 5, no. 7 (January 1997): 477–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739119700500702.

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A unique foaming process is briefly described and the properties of polyolefin foams produced by this process are reviewed. The influence of parameters such as foam density, crosslink level and cell structure are discussed, and in particular the effect of polymer type is examined. Foam grades based on metallocene polyolefins have recently been introduced, and the properties of these materials are compared with those of foams based on other polymers.

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Zhu, Lei, Haojie Yu, Li Wang, Yusheng Xing, and Bilal Ul Amin. "Advances in the Synthesis of Polyolefin Elastomers with “Chain-walking” Catalysts and Electron Spin Resonance Research of Related Catalytic Systems." Current Organic Chemistry 25, no. 8 (April 28, 2021): 935–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272825666210126100641.

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In recent years, polyolefin elastomers play an increasingly important role in industry. The late transition metal complex catalysts, especially α-diimine Ni(II) and α-diimine Pd(II) complex catalysts, are popular “chain-walking” catalysts. They can prepare polyolefin with various structures, ranging from linear configuration to highly branched configuration. Combining the “chain-walking” characteristic with different polymerization strategies, polyolefins with good elasticity can be obtained. Among them, olefin copolymer is a common way to produce polyolefin elastomers. For instance, strictly defined diblock or triblock copolymers with excellent elastic properties were synthesized by adding ethylene and α-olefin in sequence. As well as the incorporation of polar monomers may lead to some unexpected improvement. Chain shuttling polymerization can generate multiblock copolymers in one pot due to the interaction of the catalysts with chain shuttling agent. Furthermore, when regarding ethylene as the sole feedstock, owing to the “oscillation” of the ligands of the asymmetric catalysts, polymers with stereo-block structures can be generated. Generally, the elasticity of these polyolefins mainly comes from the alternately crystallineamorphous block structures, which is closely related to the characteristic of the catalytic system. To improve performance of the catalysts and develop excellent polyolefin elastomers, research on the catalytic mechanism is of great significance. Electron spin resonance (ESR), as a precise method to detect unpaired electron, can be applied to study transition metal active center. Therefore, the progress on the exploration of the valence and the proposed configuration of catalyst active center in the catalytic process by ESR is also reviewed.

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ALLAHVERDIYEVA, KH V., N. T. KAKHRAMANOV, M. I. ABDULLIN, L. KH KHAMEDOVA, and S. S. ALIYEVA. "Physicomechanical properties of nanocomposites based on a mixture of graphite, technical carbon, and metal-filled polyolefins." Plasticheskie massy 1, no. 1-2 (March 31, 2022): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35164/0554-2901-2022-1-2-37-40.

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The paper presents the results of a study of the effect of the concentration of graphite, technical carbon, aluminum and copper on the physicomechanical properties of nanocomposites based on polyolefins. High-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene and polypropylene were used as polyolefin. To improve the technological compatibility of the mixed components of the mixture, compatibilizers were used, which are copolymers of polyethylene and polypropylene with maleic anhydride.

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Motha, Kshama, Ulla Hippi, Kimmo Hakala, Maija Peltonen, Vuokko Ojanperä, Barbro Löfgren, and Jukka Seppälä. "Metallocene-based functionalized polyolefins as compatibilizers in polyolefin nanocomposites." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 94, no. 3 (August 31, 2004): 1094–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.20977.

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Matuana, L. M., S. Cam, K. B. Yuhasz, and Q. J. Armstrong. "Composites of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Filled with Wood-Flour." Polymers and Polymer Composites 15, no. 5 (July 2007): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739110701500503.

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This study examined both the use of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) as a plastic matrix for wood-plastic composites (WPCs) and the effect of impact modification on the mechanical properties of ABS/wood-flour composites. Blends of ABS filled with wood flour (both pine and maple) were processed into profile shape using a conical twin-screw extruder and the mechanical properties of the resulting composites were characterised and compared to WPCs made with polyolefins (HDPE and PP) and rigid PVC matrices. Generally, WPCs made with ABS matrix outperformed their polyolefin counterparts in both flexural strength and modulus, whereas ABS-based composites had inferior strength but greater modulus than those made with rigid PVC. The impact strength of ABS/wood-flour composites was below that of wood plastic composites made with polyolefins. However, impact modification with acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymers had some effect in toughening of the ABS/wood-flour composites.

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Gutiérrez, Vanessa, Miguel Mafé, Lucie Prins, and Annemieke van de Runstraat. "Recovery and potential use for non-polyolefin materials after physical recycling of complex multilayers." Open Research Europe 4 (November 27, 2024): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.18912.1.

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Standard flexible packaging in the market contains many components that differ from polyolefins (PO). These components can include barrier materials (Polyamides (PA), Polyethylene-terephthalate (PET), Ethylene-vinyl alcohol (EVOH), Polyvinyl-alcohol (PVOH), and aluminum), inks, lacquers, adhesives, fillers, and pigments. All these materials are insoluble in the solvents used for the physical, dissolution-based, and recycling of polyolefins, leaving them as a solid residue in the process. Characterization of the residue obtained after physical recycling of printed/metallized polyolefin flexible structures using the TNO Möbius dissolution process was performed to select potential applications, stakeholders, and/or secondary valorization routes. The residue resulted in a heterogeneous material composed of PET (60%), inorganic fraction (28%), and other organic components (12%). The potentially valuable materials from this residue are the PET and aluminum fractions. After a desk study, possible secondary recovery techniques for PET and aluminum were selected.

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Stelmachowski, Marek, and Krzysztof Słowiński. "Thermal and thermo-catalytic conversion of waste polyolefins to fuel-like mixture of hydrocarbons." Chemical and Process Engineering 33, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10176-012-0016-z.

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Thermal and thermo-catalytic conversion of waste polyolefins to fuel-like mixture of hydrocarbons Results of the investigation of thermal degradation of polyolefins in the laboratory-scale set-up reactors are presented in the paper. Melting and cracking processes were carried out in two different types of reactors at the temperature of 390-420°C. This article presents the results obtained for conversion of polyolefin waste in a reactor with a stirrer. Next, they were compared with the results obtained for the process carried out in a reactor with a molten metal bed, which was described in a previous publication. For both processes, the final product consisted of a gaseous (2-16 % mass) and a liquid (84-98 % mass) part. No solid product was produced. The light, "gasoline" fraction of the liquid hydrocarbons mixture (C4-C10) made up over 50% of the liquid product. The overall (vapor) product may be used for electricity generation and the liquid product for fuel production.

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Feigelshtein, Diana, Hannah Harel, Arnold Lustiger, and Gad Marom. "Chopped Polyethylene Fibre Reinforced Ethylene-Butene Copolymers." Advanced Composites Letters 9, no. 5 (September 2000): 096369350000900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369350000900505.

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This study verifies the option to process chopped polyethylene fibre reinforced polyolefins without causing fibre relaxation. It generates a new family of materials whose property range is as wide as the number of combinations of matrix choice and fibre content. The generic effect of the fibre on the mechanical properties is to turn a soft polyolefin matrix, characterised by low modulus and yield stress and high ductility, into a rigid, high strength composite material.

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Charfeddine, Ilhem, Jean‐Charles Majesté, Christian Carrot, and Olivier Lhost. "Surface tension and interfacial tension of polyolefins and polyolefin blends." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 139, no. 14 (November 11, 2021): 51885. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.51885.

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Hasegawa, Naoki, Hirotaka Okamoto, Masaya Kawasumi, Makoto Kato, Azusa Tsukigase, and Arimistu Usuki. "Polyolefin-clay hybrids based on modified polyolefins and organophilic clay." Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 280-281, no. 1 (August 1, 2000): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1439-2054(20000801)280:1<76::aid-mame76>3.0.co;2-#.

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Hopkins, T. E., and K. B. Wagener. "Chiral Polyolefins." Advanced Materials 15, no. 6 (March 17, 2003): 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.200390111.

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Hopkins, T. E., and K. B. Wagener. "Chiral Polyolefins." Advanced Materials 14, no. 23 (December 3, 2002): 1703–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-4095(20021203)14:23<1703::aid-adma1703>3.0.co;2-5.

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ZAIKIN, A. E., S. V. TUTOV, K. B. VERNIGOROV, YU M. KAZAKOV, and O. V. STOYANOV. "GRAFTING OF MALEIC ANHYDRIDE TO POLYETHYLENE (REVIEW)." Herald of Technological University 27, no. 7 (2024): 5–17. https://doi.org/10.55421/1998-7072_2024_27_7_5.

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This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the synthesis of graft copolymers of polyolefins with polar oxygen-containing unsaturated monomers by the free radical chain process. The issues of using these graft copolymers are touched upon. A comparison was made of the effectiveness of various technological methods for carrying out the grafting process. More attention is paid to the graft copolymer of polyethylene with maleic anhydride, obtained by reactive extrusion in a polymer melt. The main chemical reactions occurring during the radical chain graft copolymerization of polyethylene with maleic anhydride are considered. The main subject of discussion is the relationship between the production conditions and the degree of grafting of maleic anhydride to polyethylene and the volume of adverse reactions. The influence of synthesis technology, the concentration and nature of the initiator and polar monomer, temperature, pressure and process duration, extruder screw design and mixing efficiency, the presence and nature of grafting coagents on the concentration of the grafted monomer and on side reactions is discussed. The main initiators of the free radical grafting process are considered, and rational approaches to their selection are discussed. The effectiveness of various classes of process co-agents in increasing the degree of grafting of the polar monomer to the polyolefin and reducing the volume of side undesirable reactions, such as cross-linking and destruction of the polyolefin, homopolymerization of the polar monomer, has been analyzed. Possible options for the structure of graft copolymers of polyolefins with polar monomers are considered. At the end of the review, a brief analysis of patents relating to the grafting of maleic anhydride to polyethylene and copolymers of ethylene with α-olefins under conditions of mixing the polyolefin melt in an extruder is provided.

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Pourahmady, Naser, Carole Lepilleur, Robert Detterman, and Arthur Backman. "A Multiblock Copolymer Compatibilizer for PVC/Polyolefin Blends." Polymers and Polymer Composites 8, no. 8 (November 2000): 563–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967391120000808563.

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Multiblock polyethylene-chlorinated polyethylene (PE-b-CPE) copolymers were prepared by partial chlorination of various polyethylenes. The resulting copolymers have partial miscibility with polyolefins, PVC, and chlorinated PVC (CPVC). These copolymers can be used as compatibilizers for blends of PVC with polyolefin elastomers (POE), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and butadiene copolymers (ABS/MBS). The efficiency of PE-b-CPE in compatibilizing several olefin-based polymers and copolymers with PVC were studied. A polyolefin elastomer impact-modifier system for rigid PVC compounds was developed using PE-b-CPE as compatibilizer. The properties of the impact modifier blend and the advantages over conventional modifiers are shown. Improvement of interfacial adhesion between ABS/MBS modifiers with PVC and the effect of PE-b-CPE addition on the impact properties of PVC compounds are discussed.

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Langwieser, Johanna, Andrea Schweighuber, Alexander Felgel-Farnholz, Christian Marschik, Wolfgang Buchberger, and Joerg Fischer. "Determination of the Influence of Multiple Closed Recycling Loops on the Property Profile of Different Polyolefins." Polymers 14, no. 12 (June 15, 2022): 2429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14122429.

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In a circular economy, polymeric materials are used in multiple loops to manufacture products. Therefore, closed-loops are also envisaged for the mechanical recycling of plastics, in which plastic is used for products that are in turn collected and reprocessed again and again to make further products. However, this reprocessing involves degradation processes within the plastics, which become apparent through changes in the property profile of the material. In the present paper, the influence of multiple recycling loops on the material properties of four different polyolefins was analyzed. Two different closed-loop cycles with industrially sized processing machines were defined, and each polyolefin was processed and reprocessed within the predefined cycles. For the investigation of the effect of the respective loops, samples were taken after each loop. The samples were characterized by high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to a quadru-pole time-of-flight MS, high-temperature gel permeation chromatography, melt flow rate measurements, infrared spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis, and tensile tests. With increasing number of processing loops, the tested polyolefins showed continuous material degradation, which resulted in significant changes in the property profiles.

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Solera, Peter, and Gerald Capocci. "Developments in Hindered Amine Chemistry Promote Polyolefin Growth Opportunities." Polymers and Polymer Composites 7, no. 8 (November 1999): 521–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967391119990708521.

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Over the past four decades, advances in polyolefin stabilization have helped manufacturers expand their material choices to capture economic and performance benefits. In the ’60s and 70s, antioxidants and UV absorbers provided baseline levels of protection against thermal and UV degradation. During the 1980’s hindered amine light stabilizers substantially extended the service life of polyolefins for a multitude of film, fibre and moulded articles. In the last ten years, breakthroughs in hindered amine chemistry have pushed the performance boundaries of polyolefins to even greater heights. Now, in the ’90s, the elimination of undesirable aspects of hindered amine stabilization, such as amine deactivation in flame retardant systems and reduced colour yield in pigmented plastics, is allowing material substitution in markets traditionally earmarked for engineering polymers, glass and metal. This paper focuses on advances in hindered amine chemistry designed to address these shortcomings. Examples of applications where new hindered amines provide enhanced value are demonstrated. Performance data are presented for polypropylene fibre, thermoplastic olefins for automotive parts and construction applications, polyethylene agricultural film and flame retardant systems. The advantage of using hindered amines as thermal stabilizers is also discussed.

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31

Qi, Yuanxia, and Xiaofang Li. "Research and synthesis of polyolefins materials." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2539, no. 1 (July 1, 2023): 012101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2539/1/012101.

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Abstract Polyolefins are widely used in our lives, such as food packaging materials, agricultural films, and lubricants, but the lack of polar groups that can make polyolefins compatible with other types of materials has limited the use of polyolefins. This has been a challenging and highly concerned issue in academia and industry. Therefore, it is great significance that we introduce polar groups into polyolefins to improve the use of performance to synthesize functional polyolefins. In this paper, we introduce the direct catalytic polymerization of polar α olefin monomers using rare earth catalysts, and the experimental data shows that we have obtained a higher molecular weight and better selectivity polar α olefin monomer of homopolymer. Subsequently, we determined the optimal reaction conditions for the synthetic polymer through screening of different reaction conditions.

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32

Mammadli, Ulviyya M. "CROSSLINKED AND FILLED COMPOSITES BASED ON POLYOLEFINS." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 61, no. 6 (June 6, 2018): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.20186106.5656.

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The paper gives an overview of literary material of a number of authors on the problem of the preparation of modified polyolefins during the crosslinking process. It is shown that materials based on polyolefins, characterized by increased heat-resistance favoring improvement of complex of technical requirements for light resistance, reliability, manufacturability in respect to the production and use of cable-conduction products. In particular, experimental data are presented on the use of organosilicon tin carboxylate in order to obtain products with the best quality characteristics. The results of theoretical and experimental investigations of the influence of formulation of polyolefin compositions on the kinetics of the crosslinking process and also on rheological and thermophysical properties are presented. The principal possibility of studying the influence of the irradiation dose on the regulation of the process of changing the structure of composites is considered.As shown by a number of authors, this method makes it possible to purposefully approach the development of crosslinked composite materials with predetermined properties. The method of radiation-chemical cross-linking compares the structure of the polymer base in the presence and without different types of fillers in highly filled composites. The data on the effect of radiation cross-linking conditions on the mesh density and the mechanical properties of cross-linked polyethylene at high temperatures are presented. The data on the chemical stability of cross-linked polyethylene to the action of various chemical reagents such as acetone, benzene, toluene, carbon tetrachloride, diethyl ether, benzene-76 and lubricants are given. One of the important circumstances in the study of the structure and properties of polymer composites is the possibility of mathematical modeling of viscoelastic compliance of thick-cross-linked polymers in correlation with the methodology of its theoretical parametric identification with subsequent prediction of the results of the thermomechanical experiment.Forcitation:Mammadli U.M. Crosslinked and filled composites based on polyolefins. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N6. P. 4-16

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Kowalska, Ewa. "Mechanical Properties of Rubber Scrap – Polyolefine Compositions." Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology 18, no. 3 (August 2002): 173–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147776060201800303.

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The mechanical properties and the structure of sections of specimens prepared from rubber scrap – polyolefin compositions were investigated. The comminuted vulcanised rubber scrap rubber scrap was used in an amount of 5 – 75 wt%. The mode of incorporation and the method of preparation of the composition in a single-screw or a twin screw extruder, was examined. The maximum amount of the rubber scrap that can be added to compositions prepared by single screw extruder and a twin screw extruder was found to be up to 75 wt% and up to 30 wt% and for both polyolefins, respectively. Silanes were studied as additives intended to compatibilize thermoplastics and rubber scrap. The mode of incorporation of silanes and the method of preparation of the composition were examined. The mechanism of formation of rubber scrap – polyolefin compositions was defined.

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34

Nifant’ev, Ilya E., Pavel D. Komarov, Oksana D. Kostomarova, Nikolay A. Kolosov, and Pavel V. Ivchenko. "MAO- and Borate-Free Activating Supports for Group 4 Metallocene and Post-Metallocene Catalysts of α-Olefin Polymerization and Oligomerization." Polymers 15, no. 14 (July 19, 2023): 3095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15143095.

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Modern industry of advanced polyolefins extensively uses Group 4 metallocene and post-metallocene catalysts. High-throughput polyolefin technologies demand the use of heterogeneous catalysts with a given particle size and morphology, high thermal stability, and controlled productivity. Conventional Group 4 metal single-site heterogeneous catalysts require the use of high-cost methylalumoxane (MAO) or perfluoroaryl borate activators. However, a number of inorganic phases, containing highly acidic Lewis and Brønsted sites, are able to activate Group 4 metal pre-catalysts using low-cost and affordable alkylaluminums. In the present review, we gathered comprehensive information on MAO- and borate-free activating supports of different types and discussed the surface nature and chemistry of these phases, examples of their use in the polymerization of ethylene and α-olefins, and prospects of the further development for applications in the polyolefin industry.

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35

Nifant’ev, Ilya E., Alexander N. Tavtorkin, Alexey A. Vinogradov, Sofia A. Korchagina, Maria S. Chinova, Roman S. Borisov, Grigory A. Artem’ev, and Pavel V. Ivchenko. "Tandem Synthesis of Ultra-High Molecular Weight Drag Reducing Poly-α-Olefins for Low-Temperature Pipeline Transportation." Polymers 13, no. 22 (November 14, 2021): 3930. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13223930.

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Ultra-high molecular weight poly-α-olefins are widely used as drag reducing agents (DRAs) for pipeline transportation of oil and refined petroleum products. The synthesis of polyolefin DRAs is based on low-temperature Ziegler–Natta (ZN) polymerization of higher α-olefins. 1-Hexene based DRAs, the most effective at room temperature, typically lose DR activity at low temperatures. The use of 1-hexene copolymers with C8–C12 linear α-olefins appears to offer a solution to the problem of low-temperature drag reducing. The present work aims to develop two-stage synthesis of polyolefin DRAs that is based on selective oligomerization of ethylene in the presence of efficient chromium/aminodiphosphine catalysts (Cr-PNP), followed by polymerization of the olefin mixtures, formed at oligomerization stage, using efficient titanium–magnesium ZN catalyst. We have shown that oligomerization of ethylene in α-olefin reaction media proceeds faster than in saturated hydrocarbons, providing the formation of 1-hexene, 1-octene, and branched C10 and C12 olefins; the composition and the ratio of the reaction products depended on the nature of PNP ligand. Oligomerizates were used in ZN polymerization ‘as is’, without additional treatment. Due to branched character of C10+ hydrocarbons, formed during oligomerization of ethylene, resulting polyolefins demonstrate higher low-temperature DR efficiency at low polymer concentrations (~1 ppm) in comparison with benchmark polymers prepared from the mixtures of linear α-olefins and from pure 1-hexene. We assume that faster solubility and more efficient solvation of the polyolefins, prepared using ‘tandem’ ethylene-based process, represent an advantage of these type polymers over conventional poly(1-hexene) and linear α-olefin-based polymers when used as ‘winter’ DRAs.

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36

La Mantia, Francesco, Manuela Ceraulo, Maria Mistretta, Luigi Botta, and Marco Morreale. "Compatibilization of Polypropylene/Polyamide 6 Blend Fibers Using Photo-Oxidized Polypropylene." Materials 12, no. 1 (December 27, 2018): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12010081.

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The use of polyamide/polyolefin blends has gained importance and concern for years, but they also show some issues to be adequately addressed, such as the incompatibility between the two components. This is usually overcome by using suitable compatibilizers, typically based on functionalized polyolefins. However, there is only little information about the use of a degraded polyolefins to induce compatibilization. This is even truer, as far as polyamide 6/polypropylene (PA6/PP) blends are concerned. In this work, compatibilization of PA6/PP blends by using small amounts of photo-oxidized PP was investigated; furthermore, the effects due to the presence of the photo-oxidized PP were studied also in relationship to the spinning operation, where the existence of the non-isothermal elongational flow can lead to significant, further morphological changes. It was found that isotropic samples showed significant enhancements of the tensile properties upon adding the photo-oxidized PP. Under non-isothermal elongational flow conditions, the presence of the photo-oxidized PP was particularly effective in improving the mechanical properties in comparison to the uncompatibilized blend fibers. Furthermore, an important result was found: The elongational-flow processing allowed obtaining anisotropic samples where the improvements of the properties, in comparison to the isotropic samples, were similar to those achieved by using a compatibilizer.

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37

Ren, Xiaorui, Fang Guo, Hongran Fu, Yunyun Song, Yang Li, and Zhaomin Hou. "Scandium-catalyzed copolymerization of myrcene with ethylene and propylene: convenient syntheses of versatile functionalized polyolefins." Polymer Chemistry 9, no. 10 (2018): 1223–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8py00039e.

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38

Prashantha, K., J. Soulestin, M. F. Lacrampe, and P. Krawczak. "Present Status and Key Challenges of Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced Polyolefins: A Review on Nanocomposites Manufacturing and Performance Issues." Polymers and Polymer Composites 17, no. 4 (May 2009): 205–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739110901700402.

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Carbon nanotube reinforcement is a key emerging technology to simultaneously impart enhanced mechanical properties while adding multifunctional characteristics to polymer materials and systems. The promise of extraordinary improvement in-end use properties of polyolefin/carbon nanotube hybrid systems has spurred great interest and intensive activity in academics and industries. This review offers a comprehensive discussion of the preparation, compounding, properties and applications of such nanocomposites. The processing, dispersion and orientation of nanotubes, as well as the characterisation of physical and mechanical properties of carbon nanotube filled polyolefins are discussed. In particular the scientific principles and mechanisms in relation to the methods of manufacturing are highlighted, with an outlook towards commercial applications.

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39

Gahleitner, M. "Are polyolefins outdated?" Express Polymer Letters 14, no. 8 (2020): 704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3144/expresspolymlett.2020.57.

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40

Evtushenko, Yu M., Yu A. Grigoriev, and T. A. Rudakova. "Flame retardant polyolefins." Perspektivnye Materialy, no. 5 (2019): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.30791/1028-978x-2019-5-5-14.

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41

TODO, Akira. "2nd Generation Polyolefins." Kobunshi 47, no. 1 (1998): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/kobunshi.47.34.

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42

Mackley, Malcolm. "Handbook of Polyolefins." Chemical Engineering Journal and the Biochemical Engineering Journal 60, no. 1-3 (December 1995): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0923-0467(95)85009-0.

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43

Na, Yinna, and Changle Chen. "Catechol‐Functionalized Polyolefins." Angewandte Chemie 132, no. 20 (March 18, 2020): 8027–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.202000848.

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44

Na, Yinna, and Changle Chen. "Catechol‐Functionalized Polyolefins." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 59, no. 20 (March 18, 2020): 7953–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.202000848.

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45

Kharade, A. Y., and D. D. Kale. "Lignin-filled polyolefins." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 72, no. 10 (June 6, 1999): 1321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19990606)72:10<1321::aid-app12>3.0.co;2-9.

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46

Jeong, Boo Young, Min Ji Choi, Won-Ki Lee, Jae Hwan Chun, Jung Mi Cheon, and Chang-Sik Ha. "Preliminary studies of polyurethane adhesive for thermoplastic polyolefins(TPOs) using polyolefin polyol." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 660, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15421406.2018.1456102.

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47

Scoponi, Marco, Fiorella Pradella, and Vittorio Carassiti. "Photodegradable polyolefins. Photo-oxidation mechanisms of innovative polyolefin copolymers containing double bonds." Coordination Chemistry Reviews 125, no. 1-2 (May 1993): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-8545(93)85019-z.

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48

Nowakowska, M. "Olefin Polymerisation Catalysts." Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology 18, no. 4 (November 2002): 297–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147776060201800406.

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Polyolefins, which are products of polymerisation of unsaturated hydrocarbons of the olefin series, have a molecular weight in the range from several thousands to several millions. Depending on the type of monomer and method and mechanism of polymerisation the resulting polyolefins may differ in their structure and molecular weight. They can be used in many applications, for example as constructional plastics and in packaging, fibres, rubbers, and also as additives to control the viscosity of motor oils(1). As regards their scale of production polyolefins occupy the top position among mass-produced polymers(2).

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Białek, Marzena, and Krystyna Czaja. "Application of Silsesquioxanes in the Preparation of Polyolefin-Based Materials." Materials 16, no. 5 (February 24, 2023): 1876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16051876.

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This paper is a review of studies on the use of the polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) of various structures in the synthesis of polyolefins and the modification of their properties, namely: (1) components of organometallic catalytic systems for the polymerization of olefins, (2) comonomers in the copolymerization with ethylene, and (3) fillers in composites based on polyolefins. In addition, studies on the use of new silicon compounds, i.e., siloxane–silsesquioxane resins, as fillers for composites based on polyolefins are presented. The authors dedicate this paper to Professor Bogdan Marciniec on the occasion of his jubilee.

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Deng, Huiyun, Handou Zheng, Heng Gao, Lixia Pei, and Haiyang Gao. "Late Transition Metal Catalysts with Chelating Amines for Olefin Polymerization." Catalysts 12, no. 9 (August 24, 2022): 936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12090936.

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Polyolefins are the most consumed polymeric materials extensively used in our daily life and are usually generated by coordination polymerization in the polyolefin industry. Olefin polymerization catalysts containing transition metal–organic compound combinations are undoubtedly crucial for the development of the polyolefin industry. The nitrogen donor atom has attracted considerable interest and is widely used in combination with the transition metal for the fine-tuning of the chemical environment around the metal center. In addition to widely reported olefin polymerization catalysts with imine and amide donors (sp2 hybrid N), late transition metal catalysts with chelating amine donors (sp3 hybrid N) for olefin polymerization have never been reviewed. In this review paper, we focus on late transition metal (Ni, Pd, Fe, and Co) catalysts with chelating amines for olefin polymerization. A variety of late transition metal catalysts bearing different neutral amine donors are surveyed for olefin polymerization, including amine–imine, amine–pyridine, α-diamine, and [N, N, N] tridentate ligands with amine donors. The relationship between catalyst structure and catalytic performance is also encompassed. This review aims to promote the design of late transition metal catalysts with unique chelating amine donors for the development of high-performance polyolefin materials.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Polyolefins'

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