Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Polyoside'
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Dassy, Bruno. "Physiologie de la biosynthese du polyoside capsulaire par staphylococcus aureus." Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066454.
Full textBarra, Anne. "Etude des anticorps humains anti-polyoside capsulaire (prp) d'haemophilus influenzae type b." Poitiers, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990POIT2337.
Full textHIMOUDI, NOURREDINE. "Developpement d'un modele general de vaccins conjugues polyosides-peptides comportant des epitopes b et t : application a la vaccination anti-pneumococcique (doctorat : pharmacologie)." Strasbourg 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STR15056.
Full textLe, hir Jerome. "Compréhension du métabolisme cellulaire et de la synthèse du polyoside capsulaire chez Haemophilus influenzae de type b." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAT0013.
Full textThis work, undertaken at LISBP (Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, INSA Toulouse), concerns the study of the pathogen Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). The objective was to improve the understanding of cellular metabolism and the synthesis of the capsular polysaccharide in Hib, used for vaccine production. A literature review coupled with a rational experimental approach has enabled a chemically defined medium that meets the criteria of process robustness and product quality to be developed. This work has defined the key nutritional and environmental factors affecting biomass and PRP production. Bioinformatics and Transcriptomic studies have allowed the specific metabolic characteristics of the Hib strain to be mapped and enabled a better understanding of the influence of culture medium on capsular polysaccharide production to be obtained. A Fluxomics study points to specific organization of the central pathways and more specifically the interaction between the pentose phosphate pathway and the pathway of polysaccharide biosynthesis. On a more applied aspect, direct correlation between glucose consumption and production of polysaccharide was established in a batch culture. The combined knowledge obtained in this study enabled a 6.2-fold increase in production of capsular polysaccharide (7.8 in specific production) to be obtained in laboratory scale installations as compared to the initial fermentation process using complex media. This result was then validated at Sanofi-pasteur at the pilot-plant level (1000L), and shown to maintain product quality as defined by pharmaceutical production criteria
Bellanger, Fabienne. "La mutagenèse par insertion d'ADN chez Chlamydomonas reinhardtii : une nouvelle voie pour l'élucidation de la biosynthèse." Compiègne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994COMP686S.
Full textDIAB, ASSEF MOUNA. "Role pro-inflammatoire des adhesines dans les interactions bacteries/cellules epitheliales." Strasbourg 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STR15111.
Full textLeproux, Anne. "Etude des polyosides de deux chlorophycées botryococcus braunii et enteromorpha intestinalis." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066119.
Full textHeumann, Arnaud. "Etude de la survie et de la fonctionnalité de probiotiques dans des formulations sous forme de biofilm en gel de polyoside comestible." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCK014.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to encapsulate biofilm probiotics in a polysaccharide matrix using Lactobacillus paracasei ATCC334 as a model. The encapsulation matrix (beads) is obtained by the ionotropic gelation of amidated low-methoxylated pectin with calcium ions. We noticed that the pectin network in these beads with a diameter of approximately 500 microns, allow the formation of spherical microcolonies (biofilm-like) with a diameter of 25 microns. An increase of 3 Log CFU in the bacterial concentration of L. paracasei ATCC334 is observed after 24 hours of growth of the immobilized bacteria, while the observed concentration in these beads reaches more than 10 Log of CFU/g wet. We also noticed that the microcolonies within the beads are homogeneously distributed and the bacteria within the microcolonies are well structured. Moreover, a bacterial adhesion to the pectin matrix is observed as well as the presence of polymeric substances that bind the bacteria to each other. Our results suggest that interaction phenomenon may take place between pectin network and bacteria within beads. We also showed that biofilms of L. paracasei ATCC334 formulated in these pectin beads exhibit increased resistance to the gastric stress (pH 2) and to the freeze-drying process. In addition, the adhesion capacity of the formulated bacteria to epithelial cells is conserved and pectin seems to stimulate this adhesion to host cells. In-vivo results using a murine model presenting intestinal inflammation showed that L. paracasei ATCC334 biofilms are released in the intestinal level and are specifically implanted in the colon. Moreover, microcolonies of sizes approaching 20 μm are found in the colon suggesting that the bacteria are released in their biofilm form. In addition, the administration of pectinate beads containing probiotic biofilms to mice which have received a DSS treatment (inducing intestinal inflammation) resulted in: less weight loss of mice, improved their overall health status, less injured colonic mucosa and a decrease in the inflammatory response
Jacques, Isabelle. "Vaccin semi-synthétique polyoside-protéine contre les bactéries du genre brucella : obtention, étude de l'immunogénicité et de l'activité protectrice dans le modèle souris." Tours, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOUR3805.
Full textGilbert, Florence. "Le Polyoside capsulaire de type 5 de Staphyloccus aureus et la prévention vaccinale ees infections mammaires de la vache : purification, production et immunogénicité." Tours, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOUR3810.
Full textStaphylococcus aureus is a major cause of intrammmary infections of dairy cattle and the resulting economic losses fully justify the development of a vaccine for the prevention. Most S. Aureus isolates from bovine mammary infections produce capsular polysaccharides that belong to two serotypes, 5 and 8. Considering the antiphagocytic properties of capsules, they could be a potential composnent of such a vaccine. This thesis reports studies on the type 5 capsular polysaccharide, which is expressed by about 50% of S. Aureus bovine isolates. A new simple and efficient purification method was developed. The production of the type 5 capsular polysaccharide by S. Aureus was measured by ELISA, using different media and culture conditions. This production remained low in complex media and is improved in a synthetic medium : purified type 5 polysaccharide is not immunogenic in cows but immunization with purified type 5 polysaccharide-carrier protein conjugate entails both antibody response against the polysaccharide and carrier-specific recruitment of somatic cells in milk. In vitro phagocytosis assays suggest that type 5 specific antibodies could enhance S. Aureus opsonization, particularly in presence of limited amount of complement components
PREZIOSI, MARIE-PIERRE. "Prevention des infections a haemophilus influenzae de type b par la vaccination : etude de 400 nourrissons vaccines par le polyoside capsulaire couple a la proteine tetanique." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO1M044.
Full textNikodemski-Vienat, Sandrine. "Isolement et caractérisation des polysaccharides des jus concentrés de betterave sucrière." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL081N.
Full textDuaux, Gabriel. "Polymères biosourcés issus de LTTM {glucide polyacide carboxylique eau} : Élaboration et applications dans les matériaux carbonés réfractaires." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI119.
Full textRefractory carbon/carbon composite materials consist of carbonaceous granular fillers shaped with a carbonisable binder. Until now, the binder used has generally been coal tar pitch, which is carcinogenic and covered by REACH. In order to replace it with a product that is more respectful of the environment and of the health of handlers, we are proposing an innovative solution in this thesis work. Carbohydrates, and more particularly sugars, are carbonisable compounds with a low carbon yield. In the presence of polycarboxylic acid, they can form a low transition temperature mixtures characterised by a eutectic or a lower flow temperature than that of its constituents taken separately. This type of mixture is capable of reacting at temperatures of the order of 100°C, thus lower than those commonly required for esterification reactions. This behaviour is similar to that already described for BADES (Brønsted Acidic Deep Eutectic Solvent). Under these conditions, linear and branched (ester-co-oside) copolymers are obtained which lead to a poly(ester-co-oside) network by continuing the reaction under vacuum. By choosing the constituents and controlling the reaction time, it is possible to control the viscosity of the polymers for use as a binder in carbon/carbon composites with granular fillers. In this case, we have shown that the use of polycarboxylic acids has three advantages: i) when mixed with sugars, LTTMs (Low Transition Temperature Mixtures) that are liquid at room temperature are formed, which facilitates their use in the process, ii) they act as a reagent and catalyst for the polymerisation of sugars and iii) they make it possible to increase the carbon yield of the binders. These results are very promising for the manufacture of refractory carbon/carbon composites as an electrode for alumina electrolysis
WACHSMANN, LEVY DOMINIQUE. "Immunite des muqueuses : etude de la reponse immune locale apres stimulation orale par des antigenes proteiques et polysaccharidiques de streptococcus mutans." Strasbourg 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13125.
Full textKatrib, Fouad al. "Utilisation du solvant n-méthyl morpholine n-oxyde (MMNO) pour le fractionnement des constituants de la biomasse lignocellulosique et leur saccharification enzymatique : [thèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux]." Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10084.
Full textAmellal, Najat. "Rôle de bactéries productrices d'exopolysaccharides dans la rhizosphère du blé dur." Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10093.
Full textGloaguen, Vincent. "Valorisation chimique et biotechnologique de la biomasse thermale de Neris-les-Bains." Compiègne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995COMP844S.
Full textGuedon, Emmanuel. "Analyse du métabolisme de clostridium cellulolyticum : importance des débordements cataboliques dans la distribution du flux du carbone et des électrons." Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN10121.
Full textTinland, Bernard. "Etude d'un polysaccharide microbien : le xanthane, modèle de molécule semi-rigide." Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10039.
Full textVidal, Stéphane. "Dégradation enzymatique du rhamnogalacturonane II : contribution à la caractérisation structurale du substrat et aux traitements des jus de fruits et des vins." Grenoble 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10143.
Full textReviers, Bruno de. "Etude et valorisation de polyosides extraits d'algues marines." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37604467q.
Full textMeniali, Jaouad. "Encapsulation de macromolécules à activité biologique dans des bio vecteurs supra moléculaire (BVSM) : Application à la lactopéroxydase et aux oligonucléotides." Toulouse, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAT0007.
Full textAzémar-Lorentz, Stéphanie. "Étude des interactions plante-champignon au niveau des apex des ectomycorhizes formées par Eucalyptus Globulus ssp bicostata et Pisolithus tinctorius : rôle des tanins et du mucilage dans l'établissement de la symbiose." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10310.
Full textBuchon, Laurent. "Influence de la température sur la physiologie de la croissance et la production d'enzymes exocellulaires chez des bactéries adaptées aux basses températures." Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUES046.
Full textLecas, Martine. "Composition et structure des polymères constitutifs des parois cellulaires de la pellicule de la baie de raisin : application d'enzymes fongiques liquéfiant les parois à fins d'extraction des substances colorantes." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10169.
Full textMarrion, Olivier. "Influence des interactions protéines-polysaccharides sur la digestibilité de l'algue rouge Palmaria palmata." Nancy 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN11311.
Full textClanet, Marc. "Etude des enzymes polysaccharolytiques produites par un champignon thermophile nouvellement isole." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30184.
Full textLeproux, Anne. "Etude des polyosides de deux chlorophycées, Botryococcus braunii et Enteromorpha intestinalis." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37599136h.
Full textBOURRIOT, SOPHIE. "Comportement de phase, rheologie et ultrastructure des melanges caseines micellaires / polyosides." Massy, ENSIA, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EIAA0092.
Full textSabathe, Fabrice. "Le métabolisme des polyosides chez Clostridium acetobutylicum : étude fonctionnelle du cellulosome." Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX11056.
Full textClostridium acetobutylicum is a strictly anaerobic spore forming bacteria able to produce solvents (acetone and butanol). Analysis of the genome nucleotide sequence revealed the presence of a cellulosomal gene cluster similar to that of C. Cellulolyticum. This cluster contains the following genes: cipA (scaffolding protein CipA), celA (Cel48A), celB (Cel5B), celC (Cel9C), orfX (Orfxp), celD (Cel5D), celE (Cel9E), celF (Cel9F), celG (cel5G) and celH (Cel9H). As C. Acetobutylicum is unable to grow on cellulosic substrates, the existence of a cellulosomal gene cluster in the genome is surprising. Biochemical evidence for the expression of a cellulosomal complex (SDS PAGE, N-terminal sequencing and Western blotting) was investigated. Results revealed that at least 4 major cellulosomal proteins are present (CipA, Cel48A, Cel9C and Cel9X) and are able to be associated into a large cellulolytic complex. Biochemical characterization of these components was done
Christiaen, Daniel. "Structures et fonctions des polyosides matricielles de la paroi de Gracilaria verrucosa." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37596731q.
Full textNGUYEN, NGOC THIEN. "Production microbiologique et etude de substances utilisables en therapeutique : acide hyaluronique, polysaccharide exocellulaire." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30198.
Full textVILLAIN, SIMONNET AGNES. "Nouveaux polysaccharides d'origine bacterienne. Structures et proprietes." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10052.
Full textBrillouet, Jean-Marc. "Purification et étude des propriétés d'endo-(1->4)-[bêta]-D-xylanases de Polyporus tulipiferae et de l'[alpha]-L-Arabinofuranosidase de Dichomitus squalens : application à l'analyse structurale d'un hétéroxylane ramifié du péricarpe du grain de blé : comparaison avec les méthodes chimiques et physique (RMN)." Grenoble 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE10054.
Full textMaazouzi, Nadia. "Étude du métabolisme du saccharose et production de polyosides chez streptococcus salivarius subsp thermophilus." Nancy 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN10206.
Full textSimonet, Frédéric. "Comportement de phase, rheologie et structure de melanges de polyosides en presence de proteines." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066604.
Full textEs-Sgaouri, Abbes. "Influence du pH sur la production et les structures des polyosides exocellulaires de Rhodotorula rubra RMP." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376135371.
Full textEs, Sgaouri Abbes. "Influence du PH sur la production et les structures des polyosides exocellulaires de rhodotorula rubra RMP." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10932.
Full textSutra, Laurent. "Les polyosides capsulaires de staphylococcus aureus : expression par les souches isolees d'infections mammaires. purification et immunogenicite." Rennes 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990REN10103.
Full textChaouat, Marc. "Bio-ingénierie de vaisseaux de petit calibre à base d'hydrogel." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077051.
Full textVascular prostheses in polyethylene terephtalate (Dacron®) or in expanded polytetrafluoroéthylène (Gore-tex®) are usually used for bypass larger than 6 mm with good results. For small diameter bypass, autografts remain the best choice. This thesis describes the fabrication and the in vivo testing of small diameter hydrogel-based prostheses. Mechanical characteristics of rat aortas were determined as standards. Then, we designed a polysaccharide-based tubular prosthesis with a 2mm internal diameter using a mixture of pullulan/dextran polysaccharides crosslinked with sodium trimetaphosphate. The prosthesis, reinforced with a wrapped nylon mesh, was grafted into rats as replacement of the abdominal aorta. The graft, monitored with doppler and angiography, showed a good patency for up to 8 weeks. Histology revealed the formation of new tissue on the luminal face made of collagen, elastic fibers and smooth muscle cells. Then, the replacement of polysaccharides with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) allowed the preparation of tubular hydrogels with enhanced intrinsic mechanical properties. The new prosthesis exhibited patency for up to one week as a replacement of rat abdominal aorta. Eventually, the association of polysaccharides and PVA could combine the advantages of both materials opening thus a promising research pathway for small diameter vascular grafts
Touarin, Pauline. "Décryptage d'un nouveau mécanisme régulant l'assemblage/désassemblage de réseaux galectine-glycoconjugués au cours d'interactions cellule-cellule." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/191218_TOUARIN_918h49a473o639ntovr_TH.pdf.
Full textGalectins are bridging glycosylated molecules by their β-galactoside moieties, forming a network involved in many physiological functions. Extracellularly, galectins function has been mainly described through carbohydrate binding activity. The first example of a carbohydrate-independent interaction outside the cell concerns galectin-1 (Gal1) and its ligand, the pre-BCR. This interaction has a crucial role in B-cell development through the formation of a Gal1-dependent lattice between pre-BII and stromal cells. Our previous study revealed that Gal1 interacts with a motif of the pre-BCR (λ5-UR) on a surface adjacent to the Gal1 CBS (Carbohydrate Binding Site) and allows Gal1 to undergo selective affinity changes in its carbohydrate-binding activity in vitro.Using solution state on cell NMR spectroscopy, we investigated the effect of λ5-UR interactions on Gal1 binding activity for its physiological ligands expressed on pre-BII and stromal cell surfaces. We show that λ5-UR can specifically induce a ligand binding shift of Gal1 when bound to its cell surface ligands. We also identified one glycan epitope for which Gal1 increases its affinity upon λ5-UR interaction and deciphered the intermolecular contact changes induced by λ5-UR. In addition, glycan arrays screening combined to NMR relaxation data showed that λ5-UR changes the internal dynamics of specific Gal1 CBS residues resulting in the targeting of specific glycan epitopes. This cellular and structural NMR study ever conducted at atomic resolution for a member of the galectins demonstrates that Gal/unglycosylated protein interactions can act as physiological regulators of Gal1 lattice interactions at the cell surface
Tailliez, Patrick. "Fermentation de la cellulose et de materiaux lignocellulosiques en ethanol par clostridium thermocellum : performances comparees de la souche sauvage et de mutants asporogenes et resistants a l'ethanol." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077158.
Full textGoubet, Isabelle. "Rétention d'arômes par des polyosides à des teneurs en eau variables : étude à l'échelle macroscopique et moléculaire." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOS035.
Full textFouissac, Eric. "Contribution à l'obtention d'acide hyaluronique par voie fermentaire et étude de ses propriétés physico-chimiques." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10063.
Full textBozzi, Laurent. "Production et étude physico-chimique de nouveaux polysaccharides synthétisés par des bactéries marines prélevées dans le milieu hydrothermal profond." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10106.
Full textCinquini, Dantas Luciana Andréa de. "Etudes structurales et propriétés en solution d'un exopolysaccharide sécrété par une souche mutée de Rhizobium meliloti." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10197.
Full textStalhberger, Thomas. "Etude de la paroi de Malassezia restricta : un résident ubiquitaire de la peau de l'homme." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077289.
Full textHuman scalp harbors complex communities composed of yeast and bacteria that form specific niches and/or microenvironments on the skin surface. Now we know that malassezia yeasts are associated with a number of different human diseases. He cell wall of pathogenic fungi represents the initial point of interaction between the host and the pathogen. Cell wall composition and structure are strongly associated with the adherence to and penetration into tissues. The dynamic nature of the fungal cell wall allows the yeast to overcome host defences. Urrently the cell wall has been studied only in three species of malassezia (sympodialis, furfur, pachidermatis). A biochemical study demonstrated that m. Sympodialis cell wall contains a simple mannan, but it lacks ß-(1-3)-glucan. Some data indicate that -(1-6)-glucan is a major component of the m. Sympodialis cell wall. In the case m. Fufur and pachidermatis, the cell wall components have been investigated with antigenic reactions. Live cells of malassezia fureur and malassezia pachydermatis did not react with an anti-a-1-2- mannoside antibody. However, they have showed a strong hydrophobicity and reactivity with an anti-b-1- 3-glucan antibody. . N this project we focus on the specie malassezia restricta the major yeast found on the human skin. We would bring a better understanding on malassezia cell wall with a complete biochemical/optical analysis (gc, rmn, mass spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electronic microscopy)
Rendueles, Garcia Olaya. "Characterization of antagonist molecules in in vitro and in vivo mixed biofilms." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077074.
Full textBacteria living within a biofilm interact with a broad spectrum of microorganisms via the production of bacterial antagonist molecules such as toxins and anti-biofilm molecules. Although biofilm bacteria display differential gene expression when compared to planktonic bacteria, very few bacterial interference phenotypes have been characterized as specifically produced within biofilm communities. We used an in vitro biofilm model to screen a collection of natural E. Coli isolates and searched for biofilm-specific soluble molecules that affect biofilm formation. As a result, we have identified several strains with different activity patterns. One of the identified strains produced a polysaccharide inhibiting Gram-positive biofilm formation through alteration of surface charges. Genetic analysis showed that one the polysaccharide was encoded by galF-his region, subjected to a growth-dependent regulation and by antiterminator RfaH. We also showed the potential ecological consequence of the production of polysaccharide in multispecies context. In addition, we also characterized a novel bacteriostatic colicin active against LPS-deficient bacteria. ' To study the in vivo role of bacterial interference molecules, we developed a simplified but relevant in vivo infection model using gnotobiotic zebrafish (Danio rerio) colonized by the natural oro-intestinal route by 2 bona fide fish pathogen (Edwarsiella ictaluri and Flavobacterium columnare). We used lethality resulting from zebrafish infection as a read-out to screen for Gram-positive and Gram-negative potential probiotic bacteria. We identified 3 bacterial strains robustly protecting zebrafish larvae against bacterial infection and showed that the observed protection effect relied on the presence of adhesion factors promoting the establishment of the identified probiotic bacteria in zebrafish larvae. Our study therefore provides new insight into the molecular events underlying probiotic effect
Boulahrouf, Abderrahmane. "La microflore responsable de la degradation des polyosides parietaux dans le gros intestin de la souris et du lapin : etude ecologique, facteurs de la colonisation, effets de la concentration en cellulose du regime, caracterisation des especes et activites in vitro." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CLF21114.
Full textViougeas, Marie-Anne. "Critères de caractérisation de la cuticule de feuille de lierre : aspects structuraux, physicochimiques, fonctionnels et radiomarquage." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10193.
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