Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Polypeptides. Peptides'
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Meillon, Jean Christophe. "Transport transmembranaire et auto-assemblage impliquant des peptides synthétiques modifiés." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1998.
Find full textMehlin, Christopher. "The isolation and characterization of inflammatory polypeptides from Staphylococcus epidermidis /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9280.
Full textStark, Margareta. "Isolation and characterization of lipid-associated and neurosecretory polypeptides /." Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-4202-1/.
Full textZholobko, Oksana. "Functional Colloids from Amphiphilic Polymer Assemblies and Peptides/Polypeptides." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29963.
Full textNorth Dakota. Department of Commerce
National Science Foundation (U.S.)
Cutts, Rosalind Jennifer. "Modelling, NMR and synthesis of food peptides." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1996. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/842985/.
Full textAgut, Willy Lecommandoux Sébastien Taton Daniel. "Conception de nano-objets adaptatifs à base de polypeptides." S. l. : Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://ori-oai.u-bordeaux1.fr/pdf/2008/AGUT_WILLY_2008.pdf.
Full textFesinmeyer, Robert Matthew. "Chemical shifts define the structure and folding thermodynamics of polypeptides /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11621.
Full textLundh, Ann-Christin. "The rational design of catalytically active polypeptides with supersecondary structure." Göteborg : Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Göteborg, 1995. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39066015.html.
Full textCharati, Manoj B. "Peptides and polypeptides as scaffolds for optoelectronics and biomaterials applications." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 200 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1891590581&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textBergsson, Gudmundur. "Antimicrobial polypeptides and lipids as a part of innate defense mechanism of fish and human fetus /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-546-1/.
Full textSalamat-Miller, Nazila Johnston Thomas P. "An investigation of the effect of secondary structure of model polypeptides on their in vitro diffusion and in situ absorption." Diss., UMK access, 2004.
Find full text"A dissertation in pharmaceutical sciences and chemistry." Advisor: Thomas P. Johnston. Typescript. Vita. Description based on contents viewed Feb. 28, 2006; title from "catalog record" of the print edition. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 135-148). Online version of the print edition.
Andrews, A. L. "The contribution of B-loop residues of epidermal growth factor to receptor binding and activation." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368482.
Full textDai, Nan. "I. Collagen-like polypeptides. II. Helix-turn-helix peptides and turn mimetics." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28411.
Full textPh. D.
WHEELER, COSETTE MARIE THERESE. "HEPATITIS A VIRUS: GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS, PURIFICATION, AND CAPSID GENE ORDER (PEPTIDES, IMMUNOREACTIVITIES, POLYPEPTIDES)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/188108.
Full textUdupi, Seetharamacharya Sudheendra. "Solid-state NMR studies of membrane associated polypeptides : Applications to channel-forming peptides." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/UDUPI_SEETHARAMACHARYA_Sudheendra_2005.pdf.
Full textLundqvist, Martin 1972. "Conformations of polypeptides at nanoparticles interfaces : protein structural changes and induced folding of peptides /." Linköping : Dept. of Physics and Measurement Technology, Biology and Chemistry, Univ, 2005. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2005/tek926s.pdf.
Full textBeauvallet, Christian. "Resolution de la structure primaire d'oligopeptides et de polypeptides : bilan et perspectives." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066049.
Full textFarmer, Robin S. "The design, synthesis, and characterization of novel alanine-rich polypeptides with varied functional group density." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 163 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?did=1251906351&Fmt=7&clientId=79356&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textHule, Rohan A. "Structure-property relationships in self-assembling peptide hydrogels, homopolypeptides and polysaccharides." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 209 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1679684291&sid=5&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textMiramon, Hélène. "Développement de polypeptides hélicoïdaux et activité élicitrice." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20046.
Full textThis work is aimed at helical polypeptides synthesis by polymerization of amino-acids N-carboxyanhydrides. The first part concerns the development of elicitor polymers, able to stimulate self defences of plants. These biodegradable and non toxic polypeptides are constituted by amino-acids which induce a-helix, such as alanine and glutamic acid. The hydrophobic and insoluble polymers characterized by MALDI-TOF, zone capillary electrophoresis, circular dichroism and NMR. These compounds have been tested using peroxidase test, early elicitation marker. A leader has been tested in field and its synthesis has been developped to kilogram scale. The second part of this work is devoted to an unnatural sililated analog of proline, the silaproline. The synthesis of this compound have been optimized in order to produce it to large scale. Then, the silaproline conformations have been studied in modeling dipeptides by molecular modelization, NMR and IR. At last, the NCA of silaproline has been synthetized in order to develop poly(silaproline)s and to study the conformations of these polypeptides
Ma, Liang, and 馬亮. "Molecular cloning, expression and characterization of antigenic polypeptides from the human blood fluke schistosoma japonicum." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3122491X.
Full textMa, Liang. "Molecular cloning, expression and characterization of antigenic polypeptides from the human blood fluke schistosoma japonicum /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23439956.
Full textMutschler, Angela. "Nouveaux concepts de revêtements antimicrobiens à base de peptides naturels et polypeptides appliqués aux dispositifs médicaux." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAE025/document.
Full textNowadays, about half of hospital-acquired infections are due to medical devices implantation. In this context, we have developed two types of antimicrobial coatings adapted to the biomedical field. The first one is based on peptide composed of an anchoring sequence, an antimicrobial sequence and a pathogen-specific cleavage site and grafted on the substrate. The antimicrobial site will be released only in the presence of the pathogen through the use of the cleavage site. Despite of the success of peptide grafting, some parameters must be optimized in order to obtain an antimicrobial effect. The second antimicrobial coating concept is based on the layer-by-layer technique by using poly(L-arginine) (PAR) and hyaluronic acid (HA). The effect of the size of PAR chains on the antimicrobial character of the coating was investigated and it is proven that only films composed with PAR of 30 residues present an antibacterial effect. Moreover HA is the only polyanion leading to such antimicrobial multilayer. It is also demonstrated that this antimicrobial properties is maintained when other cationic homopolypeptides are used in association with HA in layer-by-layer films
Boulmedais, Fouzia. "Etude physico-chimique,fonctionnalisation et application des multicouches de polypeptides." Strasbourg 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13084.
Full textAlternative adsorption of polycations and polyanions allow self-assembles systems called polyelectrolyte multilayers to be built up. They offer new perspectives to surface modifications. They should in particular be of interest on biomaterials as a new kind of coating with tailored biological properties. Polypeptide multilayer films were chosen because of their biocompatibility and biodegradability properties. Polypeptides can adopt in solution secondary structure like proteins. The study of the secondary structure of films was realized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The buildup of the multilayer was followed in situ by optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy, quartz crystal microbalance and streaming potential. This work was performed in two steps. First, we studied the secondary structure of a polypeptide multilayer film and tried to find a correlation between the structure of the film and of the complexes in solution. We also analyzed the parameters, which can modify the secondary structure of the films during the buildup process and the stability of the structure when submitted to different stresses (pH or temperature change, ). Moreover, we studied the secondary structure of films built with one polypeptide and one polyelectrolyte. Finally, we realized the grafting of polypeptides with poly(ethylene glycol) chains (PEG). These functionalized polymers were used to build multilayer films containing PEG which have strong resistance to protein adsorption as well as to bacterial adhesion
Fix, Lydia. "Structural and thermodynamic investigations of membrane associated polypeptides and peptide/DNA transfection complexes." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/FIX_Lydia_2006.pdf.
Full textMembrane associated proteins and peptides constitute a privileged medical target. Some of them also present also an important potential in therapeutics. This work has permitted the investigation of two peptides, the synthetic peptide LAH4 and the diphtherias toxin T domain in interaction with other macromolecules. The LAH4 peptide designed and synthesized in our laboratory, presents all the general properties of amphipathic peptides and also binds strongly to the DNA allowing its transfer into the cells. In order to better understand the activity of the LAH4 peptide during transfection, I have examined its biophysical properties by ITC (Isothermal Titration Calorimetry), CD (Circular Dichroism) and solid-state NMR. The resultats show that the -helical structure of the peptide is maintained after DNA complexation. At neutral pH, the molecules are bound in an electrostatic non-specific manner and a high ratio of LAH4 is required for DNA saturation and condensation. At low pH electrostatic interactions and hydrophobic contributions stabilize the complex and the saturation ratio is reduced. The data lead to the elaboration of a model of action for the LAH4 peptide during the first steps of transfection. In parallel, we have developed a strategy of expression of the LAH4 peptide in E. Coli in order to uniformly label the peptide 13C for its study by NMR. Solid state NMR studies have been undertaken on the diphtheria toxin domain T in order to investigate its topology inside membrane vesicles. The samples of 15N uniformly labeled T domain were prepared in a simplified system mimicking endosomal conditions. The data show an important role of the pH and of the anionic lipid POPG in the peptides membrane insertion and interruption
Gorce, Françoise. "Contribution à l'étude de la dissolution des apatites : influence de l'adsorption de protéines ou de polypeptides." Strasbourg 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR1M404.
Full textWalter, Vivien. "Lipid membrane interaction with self-assembling cell-penetrating peptides." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAE032/document.
Full textCell-penetrating peptides (CPP) are cationic oligopeptides currently investigated as potential vectors for targeted drug delivery design, for applications in cancer treatment and/or gene therapy. Nevertheless, some drawbacks make the CPP complex for medical applications, such as their lack of specificity toward target cells or the loss of their penetrating properties once they have been grafted with a molecular cargo. One of the solutions studied to overcome these issues is the binding of the CPP unit on a self-assembling elastin-like diblock polypeptide (ELPBC), a macromolecular system designed by the team of Ashutosh Chilkoti from Duke University (USA). While it has already been proven that these molecules, named CPP-ELPBC, recover the penetrating properties of the CPP despite the presence of a cargo and also induce a selectivity toward tumorous cells, the exact mechanism of translocation is still under debate.In this PhD thesis, I focused on the investigation of the translocation mechanism of the CPP and CPP-ELPBC using model lipid membranes, and specifically the adsorption of these molecules at the surface of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUV). The development of a new quantification method of fluorescence in confocal microscopy allowed me to directly count the peptides adsorbed on the surface of the GUVs, which I used to perform thermodynamic measurements on the peptide adsorption
Tailhades, Julien. "La réaction de transfert O-N acylique : nouvelles applications pour la synthèse de peptides et de polypeptides." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20022.
Full textWe founded some news applications of the O-N acyl transfer, notably for the synthesis of peptides and polypeptides. We optimized a new general voice for the preparation of peptides alcohol on solid support. This methodology permits to synthesize 3 peptides alcohol with yield and purity, notably Octreotide. We developed a new strategy for the synthesis of polyamide from polyester using an O-N acyl multi-transfer reaction. We have isolated 3 generations of polymers: the Z-protected polyesters after polymerization (polycondensation and ROP), the unprotected water-soluble polyesters after the cleavage of the protection Z and the polyamides after the O-N acyl multi-transfer in basic organic condition or in phosphate buffer. This methodology was applied to the synthesis of the polyamide serine and gamma-homologated serine. Currently, we are developing a new methodology for the polymerization peptide sequence containing an N-protected serine in N-terminal position. As previously described on polyserine, the objectives of this polymerization are to generate polypeptides from the corresponding polypeptides/esters
Ślósarczyk, Adam T. "Peptide Conjugates as Useful Molecular Tools." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biokemi och organisk kemi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-161013.
Full textNigro, Giuliano. "Incorporation de la beta alanine dans des polypeptides." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLX064.
Full textLiving cells use 20 canonical α amino acids during ribosomal protein synthesis, although in rare cases, other amino acids such as selenocysteine or pyrrolysine can be used. The repertoire of usable amino acids is therefore quite limited. This limits the ability to build proteins having new properties. A dominant trend in the field of protein engineering is the construction of systems capable of incorporating non-canonical amino acids during in vivo protein synthesis. These studies have been very successful, but all amino acids incorporated until the 2010s were α-amino acids. Incorporation of β-amino acids at discrete sites would create unprecedented flexibility in the main chain, which would increase the potential for new protein folds. It has recently been shown using an in vitro protein synthesis system that it is possible to incorporate β-amino acids at specific positions (Katoh and Suga, 2018). In order to transpose this system in vivo, the main limitation is the aminoacylation of tRNAs with β -amino acids. It has recently been proposed that some aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases can use β-amino acids, but this capacity remains limited. The aim of this thesis is to incorporate β-methionine in polypeptides in vivo. For this purpose, we have characterized the recognition and use of L-β-homomethionine by methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MetRS) from E. coli. In particular, we have determined a high-resolution crystallographic structure of the MetRS:β-Met complex. Using fluorescence spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy, we were able to demonstrate the activation of -Met into adenylate as well as its esterification onto tRNAMet. However, the measured efficiencies are very small compared to what was published. Contamination of commercial β-Met with methionine may explain these differences. An in silico study based on the structure of the MetRS:β-Met complex was conducted in collaboration with the laboratory's bioinformatics team in order to search for mutant enzymes more efficient in the use of β-amino acids. Finally, we initiated the implementation of a directed evolution method to improve the efficiency of incorporation of amino acids in vivo
Nisole, Audrey. "Production et caractérisation structurale de polypeptides recombinants auto-associatifs incluant un motif répété issu des prolamines de blé." Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT2021.
Full textAgut, Willy. "Conception de nano-objets adaptatifs à base de polypeptides." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR12319/document.
Full textAbstract
Chen, Zheng-wang. "Isolation and characterization of novel intestinal polypeptides of the enteroinsular and brain-gut axes and of macrophages /." Stockholm, 1997. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1997/19971212chen.
Full textBarrieu, François. "Polypeptides intrinsèques du tonoplaste bobTIP26 des cellules de chou-fleur (Brassica oleracea L. Var. Botrytis) : clonage de deux ADNc et expression dans les tissus sous contraintes hydriques." Dijon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DIJOS025.
Full textAisenbrey, Christopher. "Investigation of the topology of membrane polypeptides by solid state NMR spectroscopy and attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13188.
Full textThe thesis consists of three different sections, which follow slightly different approaches. In the first part the hydrophobicity a very basic property, of amino acids is determined. For the series of LAH4-like polypeptides a detailed thermodynamic model for the pH dependent topology of the peptides was developed. The topological changes were measured by attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The results of the measurements and the theoretical model were used to determine the enthalpy for the insertion of some amino acid from water phase into the lipid bilayer interior. The second part gives a detailed overview of the advantages and problems of the application of deuterium NMR using 2H3C-Alanine. It is shown that the method can give valuable information of structure and dynamics of membrane polypeptides. Even thought solid-state NMR on 2H3C-Alanine labelled peptides was used before the systematic investigation of the properties of deuterium NMR on 2H3C-Alanine labelled peptides gives new and important aspects into the topic. In the third part the solid-state NMR method is applied to different natural polypeptides and proteins. For bacteriorhodopsin and gramicidine A solid-state NMR was used to investigate some details of the known structure of the protein/polypeptide. The structure of the membrane associated form of the amyloid b-peptide is widely unknown. It was tested, if solid-state NMR can provide further information of the membrane associated form of the amyloid b-peptide. For the proteins colicin E1 and BCL-XL detailed models are published and the solid-state NMR experiments are used to test these models. For the measurement of the channel-forming domain of colicin E1 a single-side labelled protein was used. The measured spectra belong to the first 15N solid-state NMR spectra of a single-side labelled protein (expressed in bacteria)
Gireaudot, Pascal. "Étude moléculaire du cytomégalovirus humain chez l'immunodéprimé ou non : applications au diagnostic." Compiègne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990COMPD230.
Full textJohansson, Senia. "Studies on Cytotoxic and Neutrophil Challenging Polypeptides and Cardiac Glycosides of Plant Origin." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2001. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-5092-X/.
Full textMjahed, Hajare. "Caractérisation physico-chimique des films multicouches de polyélectrolytes à base de polysaccharides et de polypeptides en vue d'applications dans le domaine des biomatériaux." Strasbourg, 2009. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2009/MJAHED_Hajare_2009.pdf.
Full textAlternated adsorption of polycations and polyanions allows to form self-assembled systems called polyelectrolyte multilayers. They offer new perspectives in the domain of functionalization of biomaterials. The objective of this work was to elaborate a multi-stratified biomaterial based on multilayer films and alginate gels. Polypeptides and polysaccharides were chosen because of their biocompatibility and biodegradability properties. This work was performed in three steps: (i) First, we tried to show a correlation between the polycation-polyanion complexation behaviour in solution (PECs) and the possible buildup of polyelectrolyte multilayer films (PEM) for the same polyelectrolyte system. This will provide a very convenient and predictive tool for experimentalists to explore novel polycation/polyanion combinations for the buildup of PEM films. (ii) Then, we investigated the influence of the ionic strength on the multilayer film architectures. The ionic strength increase or decrease of the contacting solution induce respectively swelling or deswelling of PEMs. This phenomenon is accompanied by polyelectrolyte releases and the formation of holes in certain cases. These variations of ionic strength induce moreover dissolution of the PEMs. (iii) Finally, we elaborated new micro-stratified biomaterials aimed to tissue engineering by the spraying method. We determined the best conditions to obtain such architectures and thus, alternated stacking of PEMs and alginate gels could be performed with PEMs playing the role of active molecules reservoir and alginate gels containing the cells
Weinberger, Andreas. "Systèmes modèles de membranes et potentiel de pénétration de polypeptides." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01065966.
Full textRifi, Omar. "Production des polypeptides issus des glycoprotéines d'enveloppe du VIH-1 pour des études biophysique et structurale par RMN et DC." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAF026.
Full textA few stable regions have been discovered on the HIV-1 env gp against which some patients produce neutralizing antibodies. The most promising ones are located in the MPER and are probably exposed transiently during the fusion. Whereas the peptides isolated from this region failed to induce immunogenic response, previous studies suggest the lipid membrane plays a role in antigens structure and in the immunogenic response.That is why we investigate the structure of these épitopes in membrane models. This requires the production of these épitopes by bacterial overexpression, their purification and their reconstitution in liposomes. A CD study shows that they could undergo a conformational change; this will be confirmed by NMR. Also their immunogenicity will be checked by mice immunization. In addition, we find that cholesterol could change the orientation of peptides encompassing a gp41 CRAC motif
Ageorges, Agnès. "Analyse comparative des électrophorégrammes bidimensionnels pour la recherche des polypeptides de la membrane plasmique de racines de mai͏̈s impliqués dans le transport de nitrate." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20091.
Full textDanielsson, Niemi Liza. "Host ligands and oral bacterial adhesion studies on phosphorylated polypeptides and gp-340 in saliva and milk /." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Umeå university, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-32894.
Full textIbrahimova, Vusala. "Development of polypeptide-based multifunctional nano-assemblies for a theranostic approach." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0115/document.
Full textIn this work, we developed photosensitizer (PTS) functionalized polypeptide-based theranostic nano-assemblies to be used in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The singlet oxygen generation and fluorescence properties of the PTS provide simultaneous diagnosis and therapy of the tumor.An asymmetric and multifunctional derivative of the aza-dipyrromethene boron difluoride chelate (aza-BODIPY) fluorophore was synthesized to be used as a photosensitizer due to its nontoxic properties, insensitivity to external biological environment, high singlet oxygen generation and fluorescent quantum yield. To carry the photosensitizer to the tumor, four different (in terms of PTS localization and PEG chain length) amphiphilic block copolymers consisting of poly(ɤ-benzyl-L-glutamate) (PBLG, DP~50) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG, DP=45 and 113) chains, able to self-assembled into micelles and vesicles, were synthesized. We developed a synthetic strategy allowing covalent linkage of PTS to the amphiphilic block copolymers, thus preventing PTS leakage before the nano-assembly reaches the tumor site. Moreover, we investigated PTS activity as a function of concentration, morphology of the nano-assemblies and PTS localization in the nano-assemblies. Finally, the efficacy of the nano-assemblies has been evaluated in vitro on HeLa and B16F1 cells
Aydinlioglu, Esra. "Auto-assemblages à base de polypeptides sensibles au pH en tant que supports de délivrance de médicaments et de gènes." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0023.
Full textIn this thesis, we designed and synthesized different biocompatible self-assembling copolymers by ring opening copolymerizaton (coROP) of three different alpha-aminoacid N-hydroxycarboanhydride (NCA), with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-NH2) as macro-initiator, forming hydrophilic block. Different degree of polymerization of PEO were used (DP=17,46,114), and amphiphilic co-polypeptide block was composition was tuned by coROP of either anionic L-glutamic acid or cationic L-lysine, which brings a pH dependent charge, and L-phenylalanine comonomer whose aromatic units bring pi-pi stacking interactions and serve as a hydrophobic reservoir for drug encapsulation. Different morphologies, rod-like micelles, round shape nano-objects and vesicular structures, were obtained via different self-assembly techniques (direct dissolution, nanoprecipitation, direct dialysis or direct hydration in oligo(ethylene glycol)), then their detailed physicochemical properties and structure were investigated by a panel of characterization methods (light, X-ray or neutron scattering, atomic or electron microscopy, circular dichroism…). Poly(L-glutamic acid-co-L-phenylalanine) based PEO-block-copolypeptides enable encapsulation and release of curcumin , which is an antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory (pleiotropic) drug with very low water solubility, thank to hydrophobic interactions with the L-phenylalanine containing copolypeptide block. Curcumin loaded nanoobjects were formulated by nanoprecipitation or direct hydration, and their preliminary efficacy was evaluated in vitro by cytotoxicity assay (MTT) on HeLa wild type cells. Self-assembly of poly(L-Lysine-co-L-phenylalanine) PEO-block-copolymers bearing positive surface charge at neutral pH was also studied in water and pH-buffer solutions with similar characterization techniques. As a further study, polyionic complex vesicles also called PICsomes in literature were prepared from a pair of oppositely charged PEO-block-copolypeptides obtained in previous chapters. PICsomes were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), multi angle light scattering (MALS) and also by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In our study, small interfering RNA (siRNA) loaded polyionic complexes were prepared and their gene silencing activity was investigated on HeLa-Luc cells by in vitro bioluminescence assays (these cells bearing the lucirefase firefly gene). In a final part of the thesis, we synthesized another type of amphiphilic copolymer, namely PEO-b-PTMC (polyethylene oxide-b-poly(trimethylenecarbonate)) block copolymers which are semi-crystalline, biodegradable and biocompatible. Then hydrophobically-coated magnetic nanoparticles of different diameters were loaded in their membranes in order to prepare fully biodegradable polymersomes featuring a dual magneto and thermo-responsive membrane, for tunable drug delivery applications
Hartwig, Sebastian. "New peptid-mimicking scaffolds." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15936.
Full textInspired by the naturally occurring antibiotics of the Gramicidin family and their d-(alt)-l amino acid sequence, enabling these oligopeptides to adopt a beta–helical secondary structure, the work presented in this thesis targeted the syn-thesis and characterization of peptides and diverse pseudopeptides with regular all-l and d-(alt)-l sequences and the influence of this stereochemical variation on the compounds’ structures and properties. Further diversification of the struc-tures as obtained by replacing amide bonds in the peptide backbone with differ-ent isosteres, affording unique pseudopeptide structures. In addition spherical molecules were generated by introducing branching into the linear peptide scaf-fold. Throughout all projects, the aim was the design and synthesis of discrete oligomers for structural investigations and the incorporation of the respective structural elements into polymers via the polymerization of suitable monomers, in order to generate nanoscale macromolecular and supramolecular objects. The divergent/convergent synthesis of a series of oligo-d-(alt)-l-lysines targeted the generation of hydrophilic, pH-sensitive nanotubular structures. The stepwise replacement of peptide backbone amide bonds with ester-(alt)-urea moieties afforded all-l and d-(alt)-l oligopseudoleucines with 50% and 0% amide content. The design, synthesis, and polymerization of an AB-“Click”-monomer, based on all-l and l-(alt)-d lysine dipeptides afforded high molecular weight, triazole con-taining polypseudopeptides. Quantitative coupling to pyrene butyric acid afforded the respective side chain labeled polymers. The introduction of branching into glutamate peptides afforded fully chiral den-drimers with addressable focal and peripheral functionalities and variable charge density. The design, synthesis, and polymerization of a glutamate based AB2-“Click”-monomer led to related chiral hyperbranched polypseudopeptides.
Zhang, Xuewei. "Synthèse et caractérisation de copolymères stimulables à base de N,N-diéthylacrylamide." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20024.
Full textThis manuscript deals with the synthesis and characterization of responsive copolymers containing N,N-diethylacrylamide (DEAm). Homopolymers were prepared by controlled radical polymerization, especially Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Transfer (RAFT). Polymerization was achieved using three different chain transfer agents and was controlled whatever the experimental conditions. PEG-b-PDEAm and PDEAm-b-polypeptides were synthesized by RAFT polymerization and RAFT/Ring Opening Polymerization (ROP) respectively. These double hydrophilic block copolymers were characterized and their behavior in aqueous solution was evaluated. We showed that core/corona micelles were obtained above the lower critical solution temperature. We also developed a new strategy for the synthesis of PDEAm-b-polypeptides as ROP was achieved using a thiol macroinitiator. After deprotection pH- and thermo-sensitive copolymers were afforded which proved different structuration as a function of both stimuli
Tran, Thi Thuy Linh. "Étude théorique de peptides amyloidogènes : Ensemble conformationnel, oligomérisation et inhibition par des ligands peptidomimétiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS518.
Full textMany proteins associated with human neurodegenerative diseases are intrinsically disordered. They are proteins which lack stable tertiary or secondary structure under physiological conditions. More specifically, intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) undergo various structural conversions between random coil, helical conformations and β-strand structures, these two latter being generally involved in protein-protein recognition. Among about twenty known amyloidogenic peptides related to human degenerative diseases, we focus our study on two disordered proteins: the Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) associated to the Alzheimer’s disease and the Islet Amyloid Polypeptide (IAPP) involved in type II diabetes. Aβ has two common alloforms of 40 and 42 residues in length, meanwhile IAPP is a 37-residues peptide hormone. Aggregates of Aβ are toxic to the brain cells, meanwhile IAPP fibrillization affects the pancreatic β-cells. The aggregation mechanism of these two peptides is not known in detail, but it was proposed that in solution, these peptides visit various conformations, one of them being rich in β-strands. This would lead to peptide oligomerization, through β-strand / β-strand interactions and eventually to the fibril formation. The aim of our study is to provide insights into the conformational dynamics of these two peptides in monomeric and oligomeric forms. Understanding the early steps of their aggregation is crucial for the development of new effective therapeutic molecules against these amyloid proteins.De nombreuses protéines associées aux maladies neurodégénératives humaines sont intrinsèquement désordonnées. Ce sont des protéines qui sont dépourvues de structure tertiaire ou secondaire stable dans des conditions physiologiques. Plus précisément, les protéines intrinsèquement désordonnées (IDPs) subissent diverses changements conformationnels entre la pelote aléatoire, des conformations hélicoïdales et des structures en feuillet-β, ces deux dernières étant généralement impliquées dans la reconnaissance protéine-protéine. Parmi une vingtaine de peptides amyloïdogènes connus liés aux maladies dégénératives humaines, notre étude porte sur deux protéines désordonnées: le peptide Amyloïde-β (Aβ) associé à la maladie d'Alzheimer et l'Islet Amyloid Polypeptide (IAPP) impliqué dans le diabète de type II. Aβ possède deux alloformes courants de 40 et 42 résidus, tandis que IAPP est une hormone peptidique de 37 résidus. Les agrégats de Aβ sont toxiques pour les cellules du cerveau, tandis que la fibrillisation de IAPP affecte les cellules-β du pancréas. Le mécanisme d'agrégation de ces deux peptides reste encore mal connu, mais il a été proposé qu’en solution, ces peptides visitent différentes conformations, l'une d'entre elles étant riche en feuillets-β. Cela conduirait à l’oligomérisation de ces peptides, par le biais d’interactions feuillet-β / feuillet-β et, éventuellement, à la formation de fibrilles. Le but de notre étude est de mieux caractériser la dynamique conformationnelle de ces deux peptides, dans leur forme monomérique et oligomérique. Comprendre les premières étapes de leur agrégation est crucial pour le développement de nouvelles molécules thérapeutiques efficaces contre ces protéines amyloïdes
Dauber-Osguthorpe, Pnina. "Conformation and internal motion of polypeptides : molecular dynamics simulations." Thesis, University of Bath, 1990. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252972.
Full textMessenger, Beatrice. "Salivary gland peptide hormones and dietary phenols." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326511.
Full textNilsson, Jonas. "Cooperative reactive sites in designed helix-loop-helix polypeptide catalysts /." Linköping : Univ, 2002. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2002/tek759s.pdf.
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