Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Polyphénols végétaux – Oxydation'
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Lefeuvre, Dorothée. "Réactions de substitution nucléophile et d'oxydation des ellagitannins C-arylglycosidiques." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13271.
Full textPoupard, Pascal. "Oxydation des procyanidines en solution modèle jus de pomme : caractérisation structurale des produits et étude des propriétés tannantes." Rennes 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN1S110.
Full textProcyanidins are the most abundant phenolic compounds in both table and cider apples. During apple processing into juice, procyanidins are considered as one of the most important target for quinones of caffeoylquinic acid, which are generated by PPO. In apple, procyanidins are well known. By contrast, scarce data are available concerning their oxidation and the resulting products. Procyanidins dimers and fractions of oligomers have been purified. Oxidation of procyanidin dimers has been carried out in apple juice like model solution. The oxidation products have been characterised by HPLC-MSⁿ, with in parallel a kinetic study. Among oxidation products which mainly result from dimerisation and intramolecular addition, procyanidin A2 has been identified by comparison to a standard. The tanning properties have been studied by turbidimetry and by HPLC-MS. The oxidation products have globally a more important tanning effect than native procyanidins. The exploration of musts, ciders and apple juices allows to identify a marker of dimeric procyanidin
García, Pérez Martha Estrella. "Caractérisation de composés phénoliques des extraits de ramilles du bouleau jaune : étude de leur capacité antioxidante." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19817.
Full textRos, Stéphanie. "Dysfonction endothéliale et pathologies cardiovasculaires : rôle du stress oxydant et effets protecteurs des polyphénols végétaux." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA2005.
Full textAl-Awwadi, Najim Abbas. "Effets de composés polyphénoliques de vin et de raisins dans des modèles expérimentaux de pathologies chroniques : diabète et hypertension." Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON13501.
Full textChanforan, Céline. "Stabilité de microconstituants de la tomate (composés phénoliques, caroténoïdes, vitamines C et E) au cours des procédés de transformation : études en systèmes modèles, mise au point d'un modèle stoechio-cinétique et validation pour l’étape unitaire de préparation de sauce tomate." Thesis, Avignon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AVIG0241/document.
Full textTomato is a fruit widely consumed either fresh or processed possessing recognized nutritional qualities. Rich in microconstituents like carotenoids (such as lycopene), phenolic compounds and vitamin C, its regular consumption could reduce risks of cardio-vascular diseases and cancers. However, thermal treatments applied during industrial preparation of tomato products may involve various chemical reactions leading to the degradation of these antioxidants. Besides, addition of vegetable oil for the preparation of tomato sauce may lead to lipid oxidation contributing to the microconstituent instability.The main objective of this thesis is the determination of reaction kinetics for tomato microconstituents during industrial processing.First, a qualitative and quantitative study on several industrial tomato products (pastes, pulp, sauces) was carried out in order to select markers of the nutritional quality: (E)-lycopene and (E)-β-carotene for carotenoids, rutin, naringenin 7-O-glucoside and chlorogenic acid for phenolics as well as vitamins C and E. Additionally, an impact of processing was determined for industrial products collected before and after processing in two different plants in the PACA Region. Then, the stability of the selected markers was studied in model systems mimicking tomato sauce at hot and cold break temperatures. For this purpose, three model systems were developed: an aqueous model containing starch, a lipidic model consisting of vegetable oil and phospholipids and an O/W (oil-in-water) emulsion integrating all these constituents. Lipid oxidation and its possible protection by antioxidants were evaluated by the follow-up of conjugated dienes and trilinolein. Among all the antioxidants, vitamin C proved to be the least stable in both the emulsion and aqueous models. Its oxidation rate was found to be oxygen dependent. Phenolic compounds were little affected, even at high temperature (95 °C) whereas carotenoids rapidly isomerised whatever the conditions applied. In the emulsion model, lipid oxidation is clearly accelerated when the temperature increases and all markers are more rapidly degraded than in the aqueous or lipidic model. Rate constants were determined, either individually for each kinetics, either using global approaches (lipid oxidationmodel and stoichio-kinetic model). This last model aims at giving process conditions limiting lipid oxidation and microconstituent degradation
Munier, Sylvie. "Préparation d'actifs contre les stress oxydant et carbonylé in vivo (réaction de Maillard)." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON13521.
Full textMarimoutou, Méry. "Étude de l'impact des extraits de trois plantes médicinales riches en polyphénols antioxydants sur la réponse métabolique et inflammatoire des cellules adipeuses dans le contexte de la pathologie de l'obésité." Thesis, La Réunion, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LARE0031.
Full textDuring obesity, excess fat mass is accumulated in adipose tissue, more precisely in adipocytes, which the precursor cells are preadipocytes. Adipose tissue is the place of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation involved in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Plants rich in polyphenol, known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, are high of interest to fight against obesity. In La Réunion, medicinal plants are commonly used for these properties but few literature data exist. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of antioxidant polyphenol-rich extracts from medicinal plants of La Réunion, such as Antirhea borbonica (Bois d’Osto), Doratoxylon apetalum (Bois de gaulette), Gouania mauritiana (Liane Montbrun), on the metabolic and inflammatory response in adipose cells in the context of obesity. Our results have demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of plant extracts on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in presence of three mediators of inflammation. Plant extracts are able to potentiate fat accumulation induced by insulin reduce the secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules in 3T3-L1 adipocytes during oxidative stress. These results were confirmed by a study on animal model. The plant extract from D. apetalum improved storage fat, antioxidant status and inflammatory profile of adipose tissue of obese mice. This work lead to evaluated the impact of antioxidant polyphenol-rich extract from three medicinal plants on metabolic and inflammatory response in adipose cells in the context of obesity
Auberval, Nathalie. "Prévention du stress oxydant dans le diabète et ses complications par des antioxydants d’origine naturelle." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/AUBERVAL_Nathalie_2010.pdf.
Full textOxidative stress, common point between endogenous antioxidative defences (enzymes, vitamins. . . ) and free radicals especially reactive oxygen species (ROS) in favour of these. Diabetic patients present a lack in antioxidative capacity. Pancreatic β-cells are very susceptible to oxidative stress but they can be protected by exogenous antioxidative molecules from diet. These antioxidants improve glycaemia and a moderate consumption of red wine, which contains antioxidative polyphenols, is associated to a reduction of mortality due to cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative stress and diabetes are strongly involved and the aim of my thesis was to develop some screening and analysing tools for natural antioxidative molecules and to test selected molecules on rat model of glucose intolerance. Thanks to these tools, two antioxidants with protective effect against oxidative stress on β-cells line (RINm5F) were selected: red wine polyphenols from Corbières (PP) and EGCG ( EpiGalloCatechin Gallate) from green tea. On rats become diabetic by high fat diet and presenting an oxidative stress, both antioxidants and exercise show benefic effects: EGCG reduces oxidative stress markers while exercise and PP decrease steatosis. All treatment seems to decrease hyperinsulinism while only EGCG improve glycemia. Combination of three treatments could improve more important different studied parameters. Thus, some dietary and lifestyle modifications associated to oxidative supply could be an effective prophylactic means to fight against oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes
Taïlé, Janice. "Étude des altérations fonctionnelles des cellules endothéliales cérébrales en condition hyperglycémique associée au diabète : rôle protecteur des polyphénols de plantes médicinales." Thesis, La Réunion, 2021. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/21_01_J_TAILE.pdf.
Full textIn diabetes, hyperglycemia leads to vascular alterations which aggravates cerebrovascular complications such as stroke. In fact, hyperglycemia alters blood-brain barrier integrity that separates the brain and the blood. Cerebral endothelial cells which composed blood-brain barrier are particularly affected by oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory state caused by hyperglycemia. In this context, there is growing interest in the health effects of plant-based polyphenols with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The objective of the thesis work was to assess the functional alterations of cerebral endothelial cells in hyperglycemic conditions and to determine the protective role of polyphenols extracted from medicinal plants from Réunion. To reach this objective, we have developed a model of murine cerebral endothelial cells exposed to experimental hyperglycemia as well as a model of mice rendered obese and diabetic by a high fat diet and then subjected to a cerebral ischemia-reperfusion by an occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Polyphenols tested were extracted from four Reunionese medicinal plants traditionally used for anti-diabetic effects. Our results showed that hyperglycemia induced oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory response with monocytic adhesion and deregulation of the production of vasoactive markers in cerebral endothelial cells. In cerebral ischemia, hyperglycemia aggravated the size of the cerebral infarction and the hemorrhagic transformation in obese and diabetic mice. Additionally, hyperglycemia caused redox markers and the blood-brain barrier integrity alteration, and exacerbated neuroinflammation. Several molecular targets have been identified including the antioxidant enzymes Cu / ZnSOD and MnSOD, inflammatory mediators such as IL-6, TNF-a, MCP-1 and E-selectin, vasoactive factors ET-1, eNOS and NO as well as tight junctions ZO-1, ZO-2, claudin-5 and occludin. The role of key signaling pathways contained in NFκB, AMPK, Nrf2 and PPARg has been demonstrated. Importantly, polyphenols exerted antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects attenuating functional alterations of cerebral endothelial cells and cerebrovascular complications induced by hyperglycemia. These protective effects of polyphenols have been associated with their detection in the brain and plasma as well as in cerebral endothelial cells. In conclusion, this thesis work has shown the deleterious effect of hyperglycemia on endothelial function and the protective role of polyphenols. The use of experimental models would allow to deepen the exploration of the molecular mechanisms used and to identify possible innovative therapeutic targets
Youl, Estelle. "Syndrome métabolique, stress oxydant et insulino-sécrétion : étude in vivo et in vitro du mécanisme d’action des polyphénols." Montpellier 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON13519.
Full textOxidative stress (OS) induced by hyperglycaemia favors the progressive deficiency of insulin secretion through gluco-toxicity of endocrine pancreatic ß cells. OS can also occur in the absence of hyperglycaemia during metabolic syndrome (MS), or pre-diabetes, and favor the occurrence of cardiovascular complications and insulin secretion impairment. It is also known that the natural anti-oxidants polyphenols are susceptible to prevent cardiovascular complications and ß-cell apoptosis. In our work, we studied the effect of pure polyphenolic molecules from various families on a nutritionallyinduced MS model (the fructose-fed rat). We showed that the various polyphenols had differential effects on the various expressions of MS, and displayed similar effects on the prevention or cardiac fibrosis in relation with their anti-oxidant properties. The mechanism of two polyphenols, quercetine (Q) and resveratrol (R), as well as that of a synthetic antioxidant, N-acetyl cystein (NAC), were studied on a ß-cell model, the INS1 cell line, in the absence or presence of H2O2-induced OS. Q, but not R or NAC, potentiated glucose-induced insulin secretion and overactivated p42/44 MAPKinase (ERK1/2), a signaling pathways involved in the regulation of insulin secretion and ß-cell survival. Moreover, Q, but not R or NAC, protected ß-cell function against OS via ERK1/2 overactivation. This effect could possibly occur through the inhibition of JNK, a pathway activated by OS and a promoter of ERK1/2 dephosphorylation
Rosalie, Rémy. "Incidence des conditions d'irrigation et de stockage sur la biosynthèse des caroténoïdes et des polyphénols de la mangue." Thesis, La Réunion, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LARE0019.
Full textThe construction of mango nutritional quality begins in the field and ends on the shelf. In addition to the ripening stage at harvest, environmental factors such as irrigation and post-harvest storage temperature can influence fruit composition. The physico-chemical properties of mango are also related to its response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are naturally generated during ripening, as well as to external constraints (abiotic stress), which have a direct impact on shelf life and fruit quality. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the effects of harvest stage, water deficit and cold storage (7 and 12 °C) on the response ability of Cogshall mango towards ROS and on its ability to synthesize carotenoids and phenolics compounds involved in nutritional quality and that contribute, with ascorbate, to the regulation of oxidative stress. The identification of carotenoids and phenolics from Cogshall mango made it possible to: (i) expand existing knowledge about this cultivar; and (ii) assess reference data in order to evaluate the influence of the abiotic parameters studied.Ripening induces a major oxidative stress, but it was shown that the regulation potential for oxidative stress linked to environmental conditions was, in part, driven by harvest stage. At harvest for the green-mature stage, the water deficit applied resulted in an increase in oxidative stress, with higher H2O2 and ascorbate contents for the earliest fruits, accompanied by a pronounced increase in phenolic content. However, after ripening, the stress linked to the respiration crisis eliminates the trends observed at harvest, regardless of the stage. The carotenoid pathway was modulated by water deficit with a marked accumulation of abscisic acid. Cold storage for 14 days encourages oxidative stress. After ripening at 20 °C, both harvest stage and storage temperature will modulate mango metabolism. Early fruits stored at low temperatures had low carotenoid contents and low ROS scavenging capacities, whereas later fruits had a more active defense system and a better accumulation of carotenoids. Finally, correlations between classic quality descriptors and fruit composition provided strong relationships between sugar contents and dry soluble extract and between major carotenoid contents and hue angle. However, discrepancies were observed between total carotenoids and hue angle and between titratable acidity and organic acid contents when fruits were kept in cold storage
Arcambal, Angélique. "Effet délétère de l’hyperglycémie sur la fonctionnalité des cellules endothéliales cérébrales et rôle protecteur de polyphénols antioxydants." Thesis, La Réunion, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LARE0004.
Full textType 2 diabetes promotes vascular complications, leading to cerebrovascular disorders such as stroke. Indeed, hyperglycemia alters the blood-brain barrier integrity by deregulating the cerebral endothelial cell function. Oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory response may play a causal role. Thus, the biological effect of plant polyphenols known to exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities is of high interest. We evaluated the impact of hyperglycemia on the production of redox, inflammatory and vasoactive markers of cerebral endothelial cells, and the protective effect of polyphenols from the medicinal plant Antirhea borbonica from Reunion island. The murine bEnd.3 cerebral endothelial cells and an ischemia-reperfusion mouse model exposed to hyperglycemia were used. Our results demonstrated that hyperglycemia induced an oxidative stress and a pro-inflammatory state, leading to cerebral endothelial dysfunction through the activation of specific signaling molecules. Importantly, polyphenols extracted from Antirhea borbonica counteracted hyperglycemia deleterious effects and protected cerebral endothelial cells. Moreover, hyperglycemia exacerbated oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory state promoting cerebrovascular damages and loss of endothelial barrier integrity in ischemia-reperfusion mice model. Polyphenols exerted antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, attenuating cerebrovascular damages. These findings suggest that polyphenols extracted from Antirhea borbonica exerted protective effects on cerebral endothelial cells and an ischemia-reperfusion mouse model against deleterious effects of hyperglycemia
Frifra, Mehdi. "Impact des Nutriments sur les Maladies Métaboliques : caractérisation d'échantillons végétaux sur des modèles cellulaires impliqués dans l’obésité." Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0084.
Full textObesity is a metabolic disorder that is spreading worldwide. Obesity can lead to many diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or atherosclerosis. Nutritional approach appears to be an essential strategy for the prevention of metabolic disorders. Indeed, some studies show the correlation between vegetables’ consumption and decrease of cardiovascular diseases.The aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of harvests and storages’ conditions coupled with genetic variability of two vegetables (apples and carrots) on cellular models in which their function is altered during obesity (hepatocytes and adipocytes). Four varieties of apple (Gala, Golden Delicious, Granny Smith and Pink Lady) have been used depending on four different types of storage whereas six varieties of carrots (Karotan, Bolero, Presto, Deep Purple, Kintoki and Blanche des Vosges) have been harvested in four different ways.The strategy of this project is to put some proper protocols for cellular screening in different metabolic processes such as apoptosis, adipocyte differentiation, lipid accumulation, and oxidative stress. Cellulars creening showed variabilities on samples effects depending on storage and harvest conditions, and genetic variabilities. These results allowed us to classify samples according to their most interesting beneficial effects. Then, we chose apple samples with the highest anti-apoptotic effects on endothelial cells in order to investigate their mechanisms of action. The results show that the ability of apple samples to reduce apoptosis is associated with the modulation of oxidative stress
Septembre-Malaterre, Axelle. "Impact d'extraits riches en polyphénols antioxydants issus du curcuma et de fruits tropicaux de La Réunion sur la réponse métabolique et inflammatoire de la cellule adipeuse, en situation de stress oxydatif dans le contexte de la pathologie de l'obésité." Thesis, La Réunion, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LARE0007.
Full textObesity is defined as an excessive fat accumulation and has been related to several major complications such as type 2 diabetes and vascular disorders. In obese patients, adipose cells responsible for fat storage are the targets of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation which contribute to insulin resistance and the onset of diabetes. Here, our objective was to evaluate the impact of polyphenol-rich extracts from Curcuma longa spice and tropical fruits from Reunion Island in France on the metabolic and inflammatory response of adipose cells exposed to oxidative stress mediated by H2O2 or free fatty acids comprising both linoleic and arachidonic acids. Our data led to demonstrate the abundance of polyphenols from Curcuma longa spice and the tropical fruits selected, and their free radical-scavenging capacities. Polyphenol-rich plant extracts were also able to protect 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and adipocytes against oxidative stress, by regulating the production of reactive oxygen species and major adipocytokines, antioxidant enzymes and transcriptional factors involved in the metabolic and inflammatory response of the adipose tissue. Further work needs to be developed on animal models and then in obese subjects to identify and validate new therapeutic targets
Van, der Werf Remmelt. "Evaluation du pouvoir anti-oxydant des aliments : recherche de leurs effets modulateurs sur le stress oxydant dans le cas du diabète." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01037983.
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