Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Polyphonie Polyphonie'
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Fukai, Yosuke. "La Polyphonie de Rimbaud." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040050.
Full textThe aim of my doctoral dissertation is to discuss Rimbaud’s poems, focusing on their various voices (polyphony). From “Premiers vers” to the prose poems, Illuminations, the poetry of Rimbaud never turns back on its tracks, and, at the same time, it shows an increasing tendency towards complication and abstraction. This tendency results from different logics at work in his poems. In fact, Rimbaud constructed a complex narrative structure for Une saison en enfer in 1873, by entwining many voices that have different tones. Therefore, I analyse this frequently contradictory principle of multilogic, adapting a stylistic and intertextual approach, and research Rimbaud’s method of polyphonic demonstration and its functions. His polyphony results in the universalization of his poetry and the loss of the author’s privilege which then encourages autonomous voices to form a new poetic language
Jickeli, Carl F. "Textlose Kompositionen um 1500 /." Frankfurt am Main ; Bern ; Paris : P. Lang, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35717921m.
Full textPavlij, Georgij. "Vurazovi vidminnosti miž homofonijeju ta polifonijeju - teorija ta vykonavstvo, L'viv, Vyscyj deržavnyj musycnyj instytut im. Mykoly Lysenka (Atlas), 1995, 122 stor. [Georgiy Pavliy, Expressive Differences Between Homophony and Polyphony - Theory and Performance, Lviv (Atlas), 1995, 122 pp.] [Zusammenfassung]." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-221037.
Full textBaumberger, Christa. "Resonanzraum Literatur Polyphonie bei Friedrich Glauser." Paderborn München Fink, 2005. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2850546&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
Full textChtiba, Abderrahim. "L'énonciation du comédien : polyphonie, objectivité et subjectivité /." Villeneuve-d'Ascq : Les presses universitaires du Septentrion, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37717789z.
Full textChtiba, Abderrahim. "L'énonciation du comédien : polyphonie, objectivité, et subjectivité." Lyon 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO20013.
Full textWho is speaking when the actor speaks ? what is the comedian enunciation ? how is it achieved ? in order to answer these questions, i put forwand a series of hypothesis, such as : this enunciation is nothing but a meta, if not a meta-meta enunciation, and its achievement is both objective and subjective. The work of the actor is to mank the difference, in tone, between the actor utteances depending on who is speaking : the speakers, the enunciators, the anthor, the director, the caracter or himself ? body movements : gestures, facial expressions and posture are also nonverbal signs which enable the discurse to concretise and to focus on the character the study of body movements turned to be as important as the study of prosody
Zaarour, Suzanne. "Le théâtre de Sarraute : polyphonie et énonciation." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOL032/document.
Full textThe corpus is formed of six plays of Nathalie Sarraute; it hides a duplication of enunciation types in the characters’ dialogue. This duplication is latent due to personal pronouns and verb tenses’ neutralization. The transition from an enunciation layer to another is not marked at all or not traditionally marked. Therefore, deciphering will be more complicated to any reader, listener or spectator. These works of art are also highly polyphonic in terms of enunciation as in semantics, as several voices are intertwined and as the characters resort to authorities of point of view. Thus, readers, listeners and spectators should identify enunciation sources and “other” authorities of point of view to distinguish them from the original voices and to know what their contribution to the plays is. Even some speeches are reported and, predominately repeated as direct speech. Therefore, enunciation layers and enunciators are multiplied. We can also notice other voices in plays, as the author’s through what is called “stage directions” and other parts of the texts, the practitioners’ and the director’s through the performance
Pontz, Stefan. "Die Motetten von Jacobus Gallus : Untersuchungen zu den Tonarten der klassischen Vokalpolyphonie /." München : W. Fink, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35854957w.
Full textAksoy, Alp Eylem. "L’énonciation et la polyphonie dans l’œuvre d’Annie Ernaux." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040167.
Full textDespite her “flat” writing, the work of Annie Ernaux is an appropriate example of polyphonic writing in which different voices intervene. In order to reveal these different voices operating in her work we have undertaken a two-step analysis. First, we have analysed the enunciative instances in an attempt to make a distinction between the different actants of enunciation: senders (the enunciator, the locutor and the narrator) on the one hand and the receptors (the reader, the interlocutor and the narratee) on the other. Second, we have tried to put forth the different voices which can be heard by means of various forms of representation of the other’s parole in discourse in order to find the socio-cultural voices in her work. Such forms include the monological, dialogical and polyphonic forms, as well as various forms of reported speech, modalisation and the use of typographical icons
Lüter, Albrecht. "Die Kommentarlage Profilbildung und Polyphonie in medienöffentlichen Diskursen." Wiesbaden VS, Verl. für Sozialwiss, 2007. http://d-nb.info/987145452/04.
Full textPoirier-Sarrue, Carole. "La polyphonie dans les fictions de Julien Gracq." Angers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ANGE0013.
Full textFruoco, Jonathan. "Evolution narrative et polyphonie littéraire dans l'oeuvre de Geoffrey Chaucer." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENL003/document.
Full textGeoffrey Chaucer, translator, rhetorician and courtly poet, has long been considered by the critics as the father of English poetry. However, this notion not only tends to forget a huge part of the history of Anglo-Saxon literature, but also to ignore the specificities of Chaucer's style. The purpose of this thesis is accordingly to try to demonstrate that his contribution to the history of literature is much more important than we had previously imagined. Indeed, Chaucer's decision to write in Middle-English, in a time when the hegemony of Latin and Old-French was undisputed (especially at the court of Edward III and Richard II), was consistent with an intellectual movement that was trying to give back to European vernaculars the prestige necessary to a genuine cultural production, which eventually led to the emergence of romance and of the modern novel. The assimilation of the specificities of the poetry of Chrétien de Troyes, Guillaume de Lorris and Jean de Meun thus allowed Chaucer to give back to English poetry some of its respectability. Nonetheless, it was his discovery of the Divina Commedia that made him aware of the true potential of literature: Dante thus allowed him to free the dialogism of his creations and to give his poetry a first-rate polyphonic dimension. As a result, if Chaucer cannot be thought of as the father of English poetry, he is however the father of English prose and one of the main artisans of what Mikhail Bakhtin called the polyphonic novel
Levillain, Pauline. "Marqueurs et polyphonie en anglais contemporain : étude de cas." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00919899.
Full textKang, Y. J. Sophie. "Pluralité, dialogue et polyphonie dans l'Oeuvre de Paul Verlaine." Paris 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA030087.
Full textThe aim of this research intends to propose a rereading of Verlaine's works which are often understood in the restricted sense of lyricism such as emphasis, expression of personal feelings and subjective sentimentalism. This study starts from the hypotheses proposed by Mikhaïl Bakhtine, the notion of dialogism in the discourse : every word (or discourse) dialogues with another word. Although Bakhtine applicates this notion to the genre of the novel, the modern nature of the lyrical subject requires the analysis from this viewpoint. The research is composed of three parts. In the first stage, the study consists in analysing dialogues that the poetic subject instutes. In the second part, the research is wholly devoted to the problem of the lyrical subject's identity and to his voice based on the polyphonic aspect. The last part concerns the problem of intertextuality and rewriting. The discourse "à la manière de plusieurs" ("according to several's way") indicates the effort to invente a new poetic language where the frontiers between several genres disappear
Schwind, Elisabeth. "Kadenz und Kontrapunkt zur Kompositionslehre der klassischen Vokalpolyphonie." Hildesheim Zürich New York, NY Olms, 1995. http://d-nb.info/994500386/04.
Full textBelean-Vlad, Daciana Lavinia. "La polyphonie - De l'énoncé au discours. L'exemple du discours polémique." Orléans, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ORLE1093.
Full textOur work deals with the polemical discourse that we approach from a polyphonic point of view, showing that polemical discourse integrates another discourse in order to contest it. For this purpose, we used previous researches on polyphony. By analysing the plurivocity degree of polyphonic discourses we could distinguish between weak, medium and strong polyphony. By taking into account the nature of the relationship between the voices we could isolate other forms of plurivocity i. E. Consonant, neutral and dissonant polyphony. We focused on dissonant polyphony as it appears in polemical discourse by showing that its high degree of plurivocity makes it an example of strong polyphony. Our study of polemical discourse rests on the distinction between "le polémique", that we considered as a set of features that mark the polemical character of a discourse and "la polémique" that we considered as a particular form of conflicting communication. We analysed some structures that mark "le polémique" such as Puisque p, q; Pourquoi+Cond. ?; Parce que p? P, peut-être? By using a global characterisation of polemics we finally studied its functioning inside three types of discourse (political, media and scientific) and we pointed out the various particularities that it may have in each of these
Léger, Benoit. "Miracles divers de Carol Shields; suivi de: Traduire la polyphonie." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60605.
Full textIn the theoretical section of this thesis we have analyzed the importance of the multiple voices in the collection, an importance that has been stressed by the author herself, as well as by numerous critics. This multiplicity of voices is examined in the light of Bakhtin's concept of polyphony in order to determine if it can be useful to the critic and the translator. We therefore analyze the various voices and types of discourse that are to be found in the collection, in order to show their complexity as well as to permit a better understanding of some of the translation choices that were made.
Guiomard-Kagan, Nicolas. "Traitement de la polyphonie pour l'analyse informatique de partitions musicales." Thesis, Amiens, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AMIE0017/document.
Full textMusic can be either monophonic (a single note sounds at each time) or polyphonic (several notes sound simultaneously, building harmonies). Understanding polyphonic music can be very complex. The goal of this thesis in computer music is to ease the analysis of polyphonic scores by splitting them in either monophonic voices or streams (coherent sets of notes). Research in this thesis first consists in comparing three voices separation algorithms and three streams separation algorithms. I propose an evaluation method to fairly compare these two approaches. This study shows the qualities of the Chew and Wu algorithm. The first step of this algorithm, which segments the score into “contigs” having a constant number of voices, is particularly robust. Further work of this thesis focuses on the second stage of the Chew and Wu algorithm that defines what contigs to connect and how to connect them. I improve these connections by using musical parameters such as the average pitch difference between neighbor contigs. The thesis concludes by evaluating simultaneously voice separation and pattern matching for the music analysis of fugues
Moisuc, Ilie. "Dialogisme et lecture : polyphonie et sens dans le discours romanesque." Thesis, Reims, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REIML016/document.
Full textThe search aims the construction of a new paradigm of understanding the act of reading and of coherent definition of dialogism by a crjtical review of the methods and of the analytjcal perspectives and by the connection between nowadays linguistics and hermeneutical or psychoanalytical approaches. We descrjbe the forms of dialogism (textual, contextual and intersubjective) and we analyze their interdependence in the act of reading in the order to discover new ways to understand the literature by a dialogical approach
Julien, Dimitri. "Les voix de l'histoire : polyphonie du récit historique français dans la première moitié du XIXe siècle." Thesis, Lille 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL3H001/document.
Full textThe history’s narrative has been deeply shaked during the first half of the nineteenth century. The historical narrative have to meet new challenges and make a new historiography to institute a modern and a scientific discipline : history. Therefore writers of this period form an historical narrative which includes new democratic procedures for the management of politics : historian have not only to talk about history, but have also to get the voices of history heard, past’s voices as well as contemporary’s. History becomes a communication. In other words, voices don’t only have to get heard : they have to interact each others through time. Like a parliament, times communicate each others and lead the narrative to make a polyphonic history, in which the narrative and auctorial instance – which, in the past, led the rhythm and the coherence of the narrative – stretch themselves. Therefore history weaks itself to become more listenable. The history’s narrative of the first half of the nineteenth century becomes thus a wide laboratory for historians to experiment new narrative devices of a democratic history
Roblin, Catherine Penesco Anne. "La littérature pour violoncelle seul au XXème siècle entre tradition et modernité /." [S. l.] : Université Louis Lumière - Lyon 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2000/roblin_c.
Full textBüttner, Fred. "Klang und Konstruktion in der englischen Mehrstimmigkeit des 13. Jahrhunderts : ein Beitrag zur Erforschung der Stimmtauschkompositionen in den Worcester-Fragmenten /." Tutzing : H. Schneider, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb351032742.
Full textKowollik, Eva. "Fremde Erinnerungen : die Polyphonie traumatischer Kriegserfahrungen in Saša Ilićs Berlinsko okno." Universität Potsdam, 2013. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2014/6942/.
Full textCaesar, Cheryl. "Léon Tolstoï, Anne Tyler et la polyphonie littéraire : une étude d'influence." Paris 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA030035.
Full textCreator of the concept of literary polyphony, Makhail Bakhtin chose the fictions of Dostoevsky as its exemplar, citing Tolstoy as his monologic counter-example. However, Bakhtin experts such as Gary Saul Morson and Caryl Emerson argue that Tolstoy's works may reveal another kind of polyphony. This dissertation explores the main ideas of Bakhtin, dialogism, heteroglossia, the carnival, chronotopes, unfinalizability and, centrally, polyphony, as they may be found in the novels of Tolstoy, particularly Anna Karenina. The concepts are analyzed as narrative approaches as well as thematizations which may be linked to other pivotal notions of Bakhtin's: otherness (alterity), outsidedness (externality) and other-worldedness (exotopia). At the same time, it examines the possible influence of Tolstoy on the American writer Anne Tyler, through the manifestations of polyphony in her works
Garbouj-Dhouibi, Manel. "Enseignement et apprentissage de la régulation de la glycémie : modélisation et activités langagières." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR22014.
Full textWe use the analyses of the linguistic activities of the physiologist Claude to study the creation of the direction in three Tunisian textbooks. We study also the construction of a new language in the debates by proposing a strategy innovating in the teaching of the glycemic control. We clarify the stages of the approach of modeling followed by the pupils. Tunisian Pupil gives an account of the phenomenon of the glycemic control through models. The type of analysis carried out in this research made it possible to explore the strategies of synchronization of the polyphony inherent in the speech of the scientists, the authors of textbooks and the pupils to create a new sense. We highlighted some conditions of possibilities to lead to a successful synchronization, even in the case of a complex polyphony as that of the Tunisian pupils who are bilingual
Di, Stefano Martina. "Les interlocuteurs de Socrate dans les Dialogues de Platon." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAP002.
Full textOver the last decades the attention to the dialogue form has paved the way for a radical renewal of the Platonic studies and for an interest, although limited, in the Dialogues’ characters. The interest has yet been focused almost exclusively on Socrates and the definition of the traits of his character. Instead, too little attention has been paid to his interlocutors; therefore, this thesis aims to show their crucial role in the discursive community of six dialogues: First Alcibiades, Charmides, Theaetetus, Gorgias, Republic (books I, II and V), Philaebus. Firstly, some characters embody Socrates' antagonists and 'represent the cultural dimensions and the theoretical issues alive in the society to which Plato refers in his critical re-examination' (Vegetti). In this respect, their presence is important to observe how the Dialogues are less the exposition of a doctrine than the staging of another kind of relationship to knowledge, thus defining a contrario what philosophia means to him. Starting from the list that Socrates himself sketches in the Apology, I have established a typology that opposes Socrates' rivals and the young people. Within these two major categories, we could appreciate differences in their age and attitude towards knowledge. Before starting to analyze the characters, it was however necessary to define what being an 'interlocutor' means. Indeed, the platonic texts show many nuances in the interaction or presence of the interlocutors and the definition of their features was fundamental for the subsequent analysis of the texts. The terms have been grouped into two categories: one who identify the interlocutors on the basis of the destination of the conversation (audience, listeners, spectators, presents / absents) and another who describe the relationship of the interlocutors with Socrates and to the discourse. The analysis of the corpus was then guided by the definition of the dialogue of Diogenes Laerce (Diog.Lerer 3.48.7-11.), which allows us to detect two fundamental elements of dialogical exchanges: the discursive practice, that is the sequence of questions and answers, and the characterization of interlocutors (ethopoiia). We could observe that the psychological and social ethos of the interlocutors as well as their knowledge of the dialectical rules determine their ability to dialogue. This review has confirmed that the typology of the Apology and the normative definition of the interlocutor proposed by the Dialogues are really staged thanks to the interlocutors. Finally, we have analyzed three discursive phenomena that hinder dialogue or do not fulfill all the conditions of dialectical exchanges: silence, irony and the use of images. Through them Plato probably wants to show the impossibility of 'weaving a common discourse in the absence of a shared world of values' (Fussi), mainly because he recognizes that philosophical persuasion must be addressed beyond the dialogic fiction
Dufourcet, Marie-Bernadette. "Les hymnes "Pange lingua" dans la polyphonie vocale et instrumentale à la Renaissance." Paris 4, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA040050.
Full textThe analysis of the pange lingua hymns composed in europe in the 15th and 16th centuries allows us to examine in detail the general tendencies of the religious repertoire of the period. Examples of this include the increasing number of voices, the rise of the imitative style, the decline of the use of the cantus firmus in long note values, towards a cantus firmus integrated into the polyphony, the development of the musical language towards a balance between counterpoint and harmony, modal and tonal feeling, the progressive incorporation of the major third in final chords, and, on the prosodic level, the will to make the words more perceptible and to respect the latin accentuation in the post-tridentine works. Finally, the instrumental pange lingua illustrate, representatively, the different stages of the stylistic liberation of the instrumental repertoire with regard to the vocal writing
Siaud, Florent. "Les processus de la mise en scène : polyphonie et complexité dans la création scénique." Thèse, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12820.
Full textA complex human reality, based on dialogues as well as power relations which are permanently being redefined, is at the heart of the process of performance creation. So as to theorize such processes, several studies have been building a corpus compiling the documents which are produced during meetings or rehearsals. However, such a transfer has proven questionable : as it is made of incomplete traces, such material is necessarily too incomplete to bespeak of the organic and polyphonic life of a performance in gestation. A first solution is to elect a decidedly intermedial approach of a performance’s archives : since various artistic disciplines interact in the process of a performance’s production, one may analyze it by actively comparing and contrasting the different media which are generated during its elaboration. As a complement to the first proposal, a second approach will lead the researcher to get involved into an in vivo observation of meetings and rehearsals so as to have at his disposal a more comprehensive research material. This epistemological clarification paves the way for an attempt to theorize the processes of stage creation. First, it appears that the stage or work space is as much of a physical receptacle for the artists’ research as it is a catalyst : it is in the course of getting to own this space collectively that a group of collaborators gives substance to the production. The creative space thus reveals a polyphonic dimension which is also true regarding time : since it involves an ensemble of artists, a creative process has no uniform chronological linearity ; it comprises a whole array of relations to time which are specific to each of the participants, and one has to bring these temporalities together to give birth to a performance that belongs to all. There is therefore a fundamentally social dimension to any staging process. As it is gathered in a given space and time, the small society which is formed around the stage director has to follow a creative process based on dialogue, where the suggestions of the different individuals coalesce to produce a prolific discourse whose strength and unity are guaranteed by the presence of the director.
Sager, Dirk. "Polyphonie des Elends Psalm 9/10 im konzeptionellen Diskurs und literarischen Kontext." Tübingen Mohr Siebeck, 2005. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2853298&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
Full textKunz, Pfeiffer Beatrice. "Verzaubertes Hören das Zusammenwirken von Musik- und Wortsprache als Zeichen gottesdienstlicher Polyphonie." Berlin New York, NY de Gruyter, 2008. http://d-nb.info/997087099/04.
Full textMohammadi, Aghdash Mohammad. "Approche stylistique de la polyphonie énonciative dans le théâtre de Samuel Beckett." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0046/document.
Full textThe enunciative polyphony, topic for thought of our PhD research, mentions the plurality of voices in the Speech-Only statements of the speaker/subject's speaking, if we consider the theory of linguistic polyphony by Oswald Ducrot (1980 et 1984), which was inspired by linguistic thoughts of Mikhail Bakhtin (1929/1970). This one talked about this notion for the very first time, but in a purely literary approach which he called dialogic. In this way, theory of polyphony excludes by itself the presence of a single body responsible for self-expression and extends this function to other discursive beings, which are hidden behind the only I of the speaker. The notion of enunciative polyphony in the dramatic dialogue is the area of our current research. It is estimated that even if one speaks in the first person, one can suggest in own speaking the speech (voice or the content of point of view) of someone else. That would be also interesting to see how the voices confront each other in the dramatic work of Samuel Beckett and how they let you hear the signs of other voices. Considering that the polyphony theory is now the subject of a much more linguistic approach, we can notice that much of the polyphony of the beckettian text is born out of the abundant use of the negation not (ne ... pas), of pragmatic connectors (but, perhaps, since, then) and reported speech-DR which is the fundamental junction of points of view
Stolz, Claire. "La polyphonie dans Belle du Seigneur d'Albert Cohen : pour une approche sémiostylistique." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040289.
Full textThe purpose of the present work is to study how far the treatment of polyphony is part and parcel of the highest degree of literariness of the feeling of reception in belle seigneur. In order to achieve this, as part of a study in aesthetics of reception, a semiostylistic-like approach is used, i. E. By combining stylistics with semiotics applied to literature. The various forms of dicourse used in this novel are examined in the light of a definition of the notion of the autonomous monologue, based on enunciative criteria. The role played by polyphony is viewed through their structure and their aesthetic quality as well as their relationship with the form of the soliloquy in the drama. The exceedingly gradual steps that lead from the autonomous monologue to the different forms of reported speech are next shown, together with the significance of the phenomena of interference and autonymy trough which a polyphonic flaky pastry feeling and thus literary thickness is attained. Lastly, the study centres on polyphony in the narrative and the necessity becomes apparent of thinking of an "arch-narrator", distinct form the narrators, writer and author ; an attempt is made to show the interrelation existing between the arch-narrator, writer and author on the one hand, and the three types of literariness (individual, belonging to the genre and general) brought out by the semiostylistic approach on the other hand. Polyphony is thus shown linked up at every level with literary and modern aspect of belle du seigneur
Hins, Sara-Juliette. "Emma Gendron, polyphonie médiatique d'une femme pas comme les autres (1897-1952)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26123.
Full textOn the heels of researches in women’s literary history, this thesis focuses on Emma Gendron, a French-Canadian writer, who among others signed a play, a letter to the editor, two novels, two scenarios and many short stories in Quebec between 1920 and 1940. Despite this fact, it is mainly as a writer that she is mentioned in the story because she is the first francophone Quebec to practice this form of writing. If in general, the texts in these areas briefly trace her career and biography emphasizing journalistic aspect or film, none offers a real analysis of her works. It seems that the work in literary history have not addressed thoroughly and specifically literary trajectory and the work of polygraphs as Gendron, nor highlighted the socio-literary issues at work from the point of view of production reception when we try to understand their practice and what they represent in the literary field. First of all, this thesis traces Emma Gendron’s trajectory. It discusses her journalistic collaborations and the different postures that she adopted during her career. We then analyze the ideological tendencies at work in the column “The eternal feminine” in La Revue populaire and “Le Courrier de Manon” in Le Samedi. Then, we see that the recurrence of orphan character in the texts of Gendron opens a larger world of possibilities to this figure in fiction and is used as motor for action. Feminine self-realization, by the exercise of a profession or the choice of a husband is another track that this thesis explores. Gendron’s position in this respect is a form of médianité, a compromise between the old and modern styles. Finally, we look at the themes of modernity and Americanity. We believe that, like the treatment of the heroines who practice a profession, the position of Gendron in relation to Americanity is in-between, in médianité. Some works conveyed a more conservative ideology, while others seem to illustrate a break or some novelty compared to the dominant discourse.
Arnaud-Gomez, Sylvie. "La polyphonie dans l'oeuvre de Camus : de l'unité ontologique à la fracture discursive." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00349833.
Full textL'origine de ce projet de thèse est une histoire familiale. J'étais étudiante en lettres lorsque ma mère, au détour d'une conversation, me confie que Camus a écrit sur mon grand-père et qu'on peut trouver ces documents dans les Cahiers Albert Camus. Je m'étonne et prends connaissance du détail de l'affaire. Mon grand-père est le magasinier Mas emprisonné aux côtés d'Hodent, entraîné dans une fausse accusation de malversation et de spéculation par ceux-là mêmes qui agissaient dans la seule finalité de leur profit personnel en modifiant à leur guise le prix du blé fixé par des amendements du Front Populaire. L'intervention de Camus, jeune journaliste à Alger Républicain, permet d'éviter l'erreur judiciaire. Une série de quinze articles est consacrée à ce procès répertorié sous le nom d'« affaire Hodent ».
Je suis le procès en entendant les voix des accusés, celle du procureur, celles des avocats, des témoins cités à la barre et celle de Camus, jeune journaliste passionné et investi dans la recherche de la vérité. Et, dans ce foisonnement, je m'interroge sur le pouvoir de la parole, sur la polysémie du langage, ses zones d'ombre, sur les ambivalences des hommes, sur la foi erronée en une vérité unique. D'où parle-t-on ? À qui les discours s'adressent-ils ? Quelle croyance obsolète supposent-ils dans l'unité du sujet parlant et dans la capacité du langage à restituer une unité originelle ? Je relis Bakhtine. J'explore l'ouvrage de Dunwoodie qui met en parallèle Camus et Dostoïevski. Je découvre les influences, les intertextualités. Ma recherche s'oriente alors vers la polyphonie, vers une réflexion sur le rapport de l'homme au langage, à l'unité, à la vérité. Le procès d'Hodent m'y a conduit.
J'entre dans l'ère du soupçon qui est la marque du XXe siècle. Je lis avec passion L'Anneau de Clarisse de Magris qui retrace les grandes étapes du désenchantement du monde lié à la mort de Dieu. Nietzsche prend alors toute la place. Il est au centre névralgique de cette explosion à la fois jubilatoire et dysphorique. La foi dans l'unité du sujet n'est plus. L'homme est multiple. Il est une myriade d'éclats, il est bigarrures et paradoxes dans un monde marqué par la perte des repères.
Une voix dans le fracas du monde
Camus s'efforce de faire entendre sa voix dans le fracas du monde et dans la multitude des voix d'autrui, voix des habitants de Belcourt, voix silencieuse de la mère, voix autoritaire de la grand-mère, voix des maîtres qui guident l'enfant, voix des premiers romanciers lus avec émotion et éblouissement, voix des « grands auteurs », des Classiques, voix de la Grèce antique et de la Rome latine, voix des philosophes de l'ère chrétienne, voix du messie qui crie sa déréliction et sa souffrance de l'incarnation, voix des penseurs solitaires, des créateurs de concepts, voix des comédiens sur les planches, des amis chaleureux, des femmes aimées, de celles qui ont trahi, de celles qu'il a trompées pour dire ailleurs d'autres mots, se nourrir d'autres murmures, voix des orateurs aux tribunes de l'actualité, voix des maîtres à penser, des moralisateurs, voix des traîtres, voix des lâches, voix qui se sont tues à jamais sous les fusillades aveugles qui fauchent sans pitié la jeunesse, la bravoure. Camus reste vivant après le cataclysme de la guerre, heureux et honteux, n'ayant plus alors que le témoignage comme seule justification. Les voix des morts résonnent dans le silence bruyant de la Libération et la voix de la vengeance est impérieuse avant de s'adoucir dans l'évidence du pardon et de l'oubli. Il est un homme labyrinthique qui façonne une œuvre en costume d'Arlequin. Il est un pantin tournoyant dans les orages du siècle, restituant, jusqu'au mutisme, les clameurs du siècle. Mais il est aussi un artiste qui ne renonce jamais totalement à l'exigence d'une voix personnelle, d'une voix du secret de l'intime, de l'opacité lumineuse du renoncement aux autres et de l'acceptation de soi comme condition de la création.
Voilà posée la tension camusienne entre le désir d'unité et d'harmonie, la course folle vers la fusion avec le monde, l'ardeur consacrée à rétablir la paix entre les peuples, le respect et la reconnaissance d'autrui dans son altérité et dans sa mêmeté d'une part, et d'autre part, la lucidité parfois effarée face à l'éclatement de l'être, à la victoire de la confusion et du désordre, au règne du paradoxe, de l'aporie, de la guerre. L'élan enthousiaste ou désespéré vers le désir d'harmonie s'incarne dans le choix d'être un écrivain et de porter, par les mots agencés, l'unité de l'homme et du monde. L'écriture tente de lutter contre l'éclatement, la fragmentation, la diversité. Mais les mots jaillissent et restituent le désordre, la confusion, la complexité de l'homme. L'écrivain fait l'expérience dysphorique et vivifiante, jubilatoire et angoissante de la polyphonie. Par qui suis-je habité quand je parle ? C'est la question que chaque « sujet parlant » ne peut manquer de se poser à la suite de Bakhtine ou de Ducrot. Quels échos résonnent dans une voix, quels dédoublements en abyme habitent l'auteur qui prend la plume ? Quel chemin peut conduire l'individu vers la singularité authentique dans le fracas assourdissant des voix d'autrui qui se mêlent et s'emmêlent? L'uni et l'unique ne sont-ils que des leurres, des fantômes aveuglés par l'orgueil et l'outrecuidance ? Comment livrer l'intime sans impudeur ? Comment être à la fois héraut de son temps, chantre de la justice et « politiquement et affectivement incorrect » ?
Faut-il chercher un fil conducteur ? Y a-t-il un fil d'Ariane menant à une vérité ultime ? Il ne semble pas que Camus se soit jamais imposé cette contrainte. La lecture des Carnets témoigne, malgré l'évolution programmatique annoncée très tôt par l'auteur, d'une œuvre qui avance au gré des lectures et des événements et restitue une pensée vibrante, frémissante, curieuse et avide, toujours en mouvement, toujours à l'affût d'une nouvelle rencontre, d'un nouvel éblouissement, toujours à l'écoute de cette palpitation intérieure que ne fait pas taire la clameur du monde. Ce paradoxe tensionnel et fécond de l'unité ontologique et de la fracture discursive se retrouve dans les différentes dimensions de l'œuvre camusienne, dans le rapport à l'histoire de son temps, dans le désir du chant de l'intime, dans la volonté de restituer l'authenticité de l'homme dans ce temps qui est le sien, sur cette terre qu'il a voulue sienne.
Pour, à l'instar de Camus, ne renoncer à rien, pour réunir tous les paradoxes, pour faire entendre la multitude des voix, le foisonnement des œuvres, j'ai choisi de placer mon parcours sous l'œil attentif et bienveillant de trois figures tutélaires. J'ose espérer que Camus aurait emprunté, non sans déplaisir, cette route que j'espère inexplorée, qui n'exclut pas les incursions inattendues, les chemins de traverse, les explorations imprévues.
Salomon, constructeur du Temple
Ce personnage biblique recèle en lui les ambitions de l'homme présent dans sa cité, acteur de son destin et de celui de ses compagnons. Il est le roi d'une justice immanente, inscrite à hauteur d'homme, évidente car elle sollicite la vérité du cœur. Il est un roi de sagesse qui règne dans un temps de paix. Mais on lui attribue également L'Ecclésiaste qui oriente sa pensée vers une philosophie liée au temps présent et à la perception aiguë de la précarité. L'ambivalence non contradictoire entre le temps de l'action et l'évidence de la nécessité de construire d'une part et d'autre part la conscience d'un absurde lié à la fugacité de la vie rend compte de la tension de l'œuvre de Camus où le désenchantement n'entraîne pas la désespérance. La figure de Salomon permet d'envisager les engagements politiques de Camus, d'observer comment il a contribué à maintenir debout les fondations de notre civilisation occidentale mise à mal par la fureur des hommes et la violence des guerres.
Je distingue trois temps dans cette dimension de l'œuvre. Le premier temps est un temps de l'engagement dichotomique. Il permet l'émergence d'une poétique de l'innocence. Camus a la volonté d'édifier un monde équitable. Il dénonce les injustices dans son reportage sur la Kabylie. Il fustige les excès d'une Droite sûre de ses droits en choisissant le ton acerbe du satiriste. Le verbe engagé prend place sur les planches, trouvant là une autre tribune pour énoncer son désir d'un monde de justice et dénoncer les vilenies des hommes et des régimes, des partis, des gouvernements. Il dénonce les tyrannies dans des adaptations théâtrales – Malraux, Gorki – ou dans des créations collectives – Révolte dans les Asturies.
Plus tard – c'est le deuxième temps, le temps de la parole héroïque – il s'engage avec Pia dans la grande aventure de Combat. Sa parole est édifiante. Il fait entendre la voix de l'honneur, en appelle à la justice des nations. Il dénonce les hypocrisies face à l'Espagne franquiste et défend la République en exil. Il s'afflige du silence des Occidentaux devant la dictature. Il en appelle au patriotisme dans ses éditoriaux de Combat. Il s'engage contre l'invasion soviétique en Hongrie. Il poursuit son engagement journalistique et met en place un théâtre engagé, en Algérie, avec des moyens de fortune, puis à Paris dans un moment de sa carrière où il a gagné, par ses romans, ses essais et sa présence à la tribune des journaux, une vraie notoriété.
Puis vient le temps du doute et du désenchantement. Camus se trouve dans la nécessité du silence et d'un retour sur soi. Il s'isole et se marginalise. Il fait l'expérience des limites de l'efficacité du discours. Il adapte les Possédés de Dostoïevski. Cette œuvre magistrale et complexe est le miroir des paradoxes contemporains et d'un climat délétère de manœuvres et de suspicions, de mensonges et d'hypocrisies. Ses dernières interventions journalistiques, obtenues par l'habileté et l'opiniâtreté de Jean-Jacques Servan-Schreiber et la médiation de Jean Daniel, témoignent d'un accroissement du doute et du désenchantement et cultivent l'art du décalage, de la marge, de l'inattendu. Camus déconcerte. On ne le comprend plus.
Orphée, poète de l'absence
Orphée chante la perte de l'être aimé et charme tous les êtres vivants. C'est la voix singulière de l'homme qui se fait entendre ici. Non plus celle qui s'offre à la communauté mais celle qui s'octroie le droit à la singularité. Camus laisse vibrer la corde sensible du lyrisme, il s'autorise le désir d'harmonie et de fusion au sein d'une nature flamboyante et généreuse, pleine de promesses. Il révèle la fascination féconde pour la tension nietzschéenne entre Apollon et Dionysos et l'exploration d'une forme nouvelle de poésie au plus près de l'homme. La lecture du Nietzsche de La Naissance de la Tragédie lui permet de comprendre la tension féconde entre le beau figé, hiératique, éternel et l'éclatante fulgurance d'une vie qui ne se saisit que dans l'éclair, le fugace, le transitoire, le désordre, la folie. L'antique alliance de l'apollinien et du dionysiaque a permis l'émergence de la tragédie. Cette lucidité ne laisse guère en repos. Elle est exigence de tous les instants et ne cesse de contraindre le sujet à s'interroger sur sa place dans le monde, sur l'origine de la parole, sur l'identité de celui qui parle et sur la coïncidence entre ce qui est senti, ce qui est pensé et ce qui est dit. À moins que le verbe n'ait valeur d'authenticité du fait même qu'il est proféré, sorti de soi. Ces questions hantent Camus qui s'interroge au cœur même de son œuvre, qui fait de ce questionnement une matière poétique. Il s'interroge également, sans être le seul dans ce siècle de guerres, d'hégémonies destructrices et de génocides, dans ce monde où la bravoure cède le pas à la lâcheté et à l'hypocrisie, sur la pertinence d'une parole poétique. Les poètes de ce milieu du XXe siècle, Jabès, Jaccottet, Bonnefoy, Char bien sûr, l'ami intime, n'ont pas éludé l'horreur de leur temps. Au contraire, ils l'ont regardée avec la lucidité des artistes et l'ont inscrite au cœur même de leur œuvre sans renoncer pour autant au réel de la beauté.
Camus poursuit les mêmes exigences que ses contemporains sur une voie qui est la sienne, sur une route où il va, solitaire, sombre et solaire, à la croisée des chemins, dans le clair-obscur des cultures qui se côtoient sans se comprendre. Ces exigences multiples ne sont pas aporétiques. Je les explore en écoutant le son envoûtant de la flûte de Dionysos. C'est une musique de l'insoumission, une musique non régie par le logos. Elle s'approche du mystère des origines et de l'effroi de la mort, elle est au plus près des pulsations intimes, du sang qui bat dans les tempes quand il fait trop chaud ou que l'émotion est trop intense. Elle nous fait entendre l'aulos de la Grèce antique. Elle est l'accord mineur, la gamme de l'être mi-homme, mi-dieu, du satyre, de Pan. Mais ce souffle ne saurait exister sans l'intervention d'Apollon. L'homme jaillit de l'informel dionysiaque. Il devient un individu. Il se saisit du logos. Il chante la beauté du monde accompagné du son mélodieux de sa lyre. L'instrument à cordes remplace l'instrument à vent. La gamme en accord majeur impose sa puissance et son unité harmonieuse. Le poète est alors celui qui cherche la vérité et la beauté, l'équilibre et la vérité. Il est celui qui poursuit l'éternité dans le chant de l'Un retrouvé. Dionysos et Apollon s'équilibrent, ou plus exactement s'offrent l'un à l'autre le pouvoir d'exister. J'ai ajouté un dernier chant, un peu inattendu à ces deux accords premiers, le mineur et le majeur, celui que produit l'arc d'Ulysse alors même que le héros retrouve son arme et se venge des prétendants indignes. Ulysse est présent dans l'œuvre de Camus. Il est l'homme du nostos, l'homme de la nostalgie et de l'exil. Il est celui qui ne renonce jamais. Il est ce héros à la fois brave et faible, invincible et vulnérable, fidèle et infidèle. Il est celui qui a renoncé à l'immortalité que lui offrait Calypso pour retrouver sa femme, son fils, son royaume. Il fait le choix de la précarité. Il est un homme. Il est, dans la métaphore musicale, l'accord dissonant dont parle Clément Rosset, cet accord qui, au contact de l'accord parfait, permet la fugace révélation de l'harmonie perdue.
Adam, le premier homme.
Placé sous le signe d'une temporalité inexorable, il est l'homme de la faute originelle, le père de Caïn, le premier meurtrier, le premier errant. Il rappelle le poids du réel et de l'irrémédiable. Le roman apparaît comme le domaine privilégié pour l'expression de la faute. L'ontologique s'inscrit dans le temporel, le précaire, l'incertain. Je retrouve le même cheminement qui conduit de l'innocence à l'édification et au désenchantement – c'est le parcours que j'ai suivi sous l'égide de Salomon. Je retrouve le désordre fusionnel dionysiaque qui prend ici la forme de la carnavalisation bakthinienne, le goût de l'unité dans la tentation épique, et le désir intact de se maintenir au plus près de l'humaine condition. Les tensions sont les mêmes et s'entrecroisent. L'art du roman inscrit l'homme dans un temps linéaire. Ce temps, dans notre tradition judéo-chrétienne, commence avec la faute originelle qui conduit Dieu à chasser Adam et Ève du paradis où le temps ni la mort n'existent.
La matière fictionnelle peut être un succédané à l'effroi face à la mort et à la culpabilité. Le jeune Camus est d'abord tenté par une forme d'idéalisme. Ses œuvres de jeunesse, influencées par Bergson et Nietzsche, sont teintées de symbolisme métaphysique, d'idéalisme et d'onirisme. Mais, peu à peu, les voix des habitants de Belcourt s'imposent et trouvent un écho plus puissant. L'écriture s'allège. La phrase se densifie en même temps qu'elle accède à une plus grande simplicité. La banalité du quotidien devient la matière première de l'œuvre fictionnelle. Le fait divers devient source de l'inspiration. La création se déploie dans l'ordinaire et délaisse les marges oniriques. Camus s'éloigne d'une conception symbolique de la littérature et d'une approche rousseauiste de l'homme. En réalité, ce parcours n'est pas chronologique. Camus aborde la question du mal dès ses premières œuvres. Dans son Mémoire sur Plotin et saint Augustin, il examine la conception du mal chez les agnostiques puis exprime pour la première fois l'intérêt qu'il porte au christianisme qui est la religion de la souffrance et de la mort. C'est ce moment qui cristallise un imaginaire lié à la souffrance, au sang mais aussi à l'abandon.Une remise en question de la notion du souverain Bien kantien entraîne Camus sur les chemins périlleux de l'exploration des zones obscures, des morts éthiquement inacceptables comme celles des enfants. Il est l'auteur de La Peste mais aussi du « Renégat », de La Chute. Il est l'auteur du meurtre gratuit, de cet acte inacceptable et incompréhensible, dans La Mort heureuse et L'Étranger. Il n'élude pas les monstruosités de la guerre d'Algérie dans Le Premier homme et s'immerge dans les affres slaves, depuis sa mise en scène des Frères Karamazov dans ses jeunes années, jusqu'à celle des Possédés à la fin de sa vie.
Mais l'importance de Dostoïevski ne doit pas oblitérer la place capitale de Tolstoï dans la gestation de l'œuvre. La fréquence des citations de l'auteur de Guerre et Paix montre la très grande fidélité à cet autre géant de la littérature russe du XIXe siècle. Tolstoï excelle dans la représentation de l'homme dans le monde, sous son double aspect, familier et héroïque. Il recherche l'équilibre, la règle, l'intelligibilité, l'ordonnance, l'organisation, l'agencement limpide, la structure, la causalité, le déterminisme. Dostoïevski cultive le désordre, la débauche, la rupture, le bouleversement, la confusion, la violence, l'excès, l'incohérence, le trouble. Il étonne et ravit dans son exploration de l'âme humaine. Tolstoï est du côté de l'épopée, Dostoïevski se situe au cœur de la ménippée. Je trouve là une opposition fondamentale dans la genèse romanesque camusienne, un paradoxe entre l'attrait de l'ordre et du monologisme, le plaisir de la sentence, de l'axiome, le goût de la vérité et de la hauteur de vue – son versant solaire, son adret apollinien et, d'un autre côté, sa tentation du désordre fécond, de la polyphonie, son versant obscur, son ubac dionysiaque.
Dufourcet, Marie-Bernadette. "Les Hymnes "Pange lingua" dans la polyphonie vocale et instrumentale à la Renaissance." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376133871.
Full textGross, Guillaume. "Chanter en polyphonie à Notre-Dame de Paris aux 12e et 13e siècles /." Turnhout : Brepols, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41207429g.
Full textKoble, Nathalie. "Muances et polyphonie romanesques : les "Prophesies de Merlin" en prose : étude et texte." Paris 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA030148.
Full textWritten in French in the 1270es, probably by a Franciscan monk Venice, the Prophesies de Merlin by the pseudo-Richard of Ireland reflects the influence of almost one century of prose writing. This proteiform text, like the "muances" which feature the appearances of Merin in XIIIth century novels, shows the tensions which are inherent in Arthurian fiction. The text is set under the theme of metamorphosis : the manuscript tradition, the composition, the writin techniques disguise its novelistic form and create a decentred and unstable romance. At the very core of the narrative, the prose-writer displays his writing principles : the prophetic, omniscient speech, is translitted through a complex fictional device which assimilates the legacy of Robert de Boron and his successors. .
Reynaud, François. "La polyphonie toledane et son milieu des premiers temoignages aux environs de 1600." Toulouse 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU20030.
Full textThe work, including ten chapters based on the analysis of ecclesiastical and notarial archives proves that the toledo cathedral was the chief musical focus of the musical life along the sixteenth century. Il discusses about polyphonist singers : how to find them out, to examinate and admit them, what are their duties their obliged presence during liturgical services, how they take part to religious feasts out of the cathedral, what is the choir master's role from the end of the middle ages to the end of the sixteenth century with biography of the different choir masters which followed one another, excepted morales and torrentes. The author speaks also about cathedral, parrish church and convent organists, then about instrumentalists of the cathedral, "ministriles altos" but also independant "ministriles" and "tanedores", gathered in companies and playing during religious feasts. Then, he studies the polyphonic repertory preserved in choir books of the cathedral and classifies it along the liturgical year. He examines then how these choirbooks were made or purchased with a lot of precisions about the costs. The ghree last chapters discuses about polyphonic music during exceptional feasts such as births of sovereigns in the imperial city, musical practice, stringed instruments makers. At the end, musical transcriptions of unpublished works can be found
Pérouse, Diane. "Manifestations de la polyphonie dans des représentations discursives issues de la presse écrite." Cergy-Pontoise, 2008. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/08CERG0397.pdf.
Full textOur research focuses on interpretation of sequences such as Le Président aurait procédé à un recadrage musclé de son gouvernement when understood as a specific way to represent the viewpoint Le Président a procédé à un recadrage musclé de son gouvernement – the use of one form instead of another marking the speaker’s attitude. In this approach, all sequences are seen as discursive representations of viewpoints and objects ; a discursive strategy is defined as a relationship between two discursive representations, one of them being a given viewpoint and the other one combining that viewpoint with the expression of the speaker’s attitude towards it. The aim of this work is to provide a possible classification of discursive strategies – based on the linguistic features of corresponding sequences. Most of the concepts used in this thesis originate from the conception polyphonique du discours by Anscombre and Ducrot, developed by Haillet
Tönies, Simon. "Au fond de l'inconnu : Technique et esthétique dans "Polyphonie X" de Pierre Boulez." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COAZ2000.
Full textWritten in 1951, "Polyphonie X" is a key work of early serialism and a corner stone of the most experimental stage in Pierre Boulez’s career. However, the fact that the piece has been withdrawn shortly after its premiere has inhibited the very possibility of an adequate reception or understanding. The present study aims to fill this gap by providing an in-depth analysis of the underlying compositional procedures as well as an aesthetic discussion. In addition to the three completed movements of "Polyphonie X", its larger scoped but only rudimentarily mapped-out predecessor Première Polyphonie is also taken into consideration. After a brief overview of the historical context and a discussion of Boulez’s concept of polyphony, the analysis proceeds in two steps: Firstly, the intricate background structure is reconstructed from the sketch material, paying particular attention to the relationship between the different compositional dimensions such as pitch, rhythm or timbre. Secondly, it is examined how the composer works with this background structure in order to, for example, accentuate certain perceptive potentials. To this end, I propose a methodology of harmonic analysis that also incorporates the findings of empirical, perception-centered research. The results of the analysis are then taken as a starting point for an aesthetic critique. It is argued that Boulez’s rejection of "Polyphonie X" is the result of an unsolved crisis of creative agency in relation to an increasingly alienated, self-perpetuating musical material. Moreover, it is opined that it is precisely this conflict that makes for the transformative relevancy of the piece. Finally, in light of these considerations, I make some suggestions as to how the piece can be approached today
Imani, Waffa. "L'interrogation rhétorique. Argumentation et polyphonie : application aux fables de Jean de La Fontaine." Toulouse 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU20036.
Full textIn this work, i undertake to study the french rhetorical interrogation as exemplified in jean de la fontaine's fables. This study differs from traditional ones which were devouted to the interrogation in general and the rhetorical one in particular. In fact, my approch will be argumentative and polyphonic; in other words i will be working within the framework of pragmatics and more precisely within the scope of the works of o. Ducrot, j. C. Anscombre and others among their collaborators. I have started my work with a presentation which is both theoritical and introductive, as well as a description of the interrogation, from a syntactic and semantic viewpoint. Parallel to the treatment of the rhetorical interrogation, i have dealt with the problem of argumentative connectors, namely : puisque (since), car (because), mais (but), alors (then), donc (so). . . Which play a great role in the theory of argumentation. I have concluded that certain rhetorical questions in my corpus do have some argumentative connectors that are explicite in surface structure, above all in partial questions. Others do not have them, such as total questions. In this cas, i have inserted them myself, in order to reveal the argumentative value of rhetorical interrogation. As far as polyphony is concerned, that is to say distinction between several different voices, it is presented in different forms either with the use of since, or with repetition or irony, or negation. By combining the different evaluations attached to each chapter, i have been able to reveal a typology of questions and regroup rhetorical interrogations according to their schemes
Touya, Aurore. "La polyphonie romanesque au XXème siècle (corpus en langues anglaise, espagnole et française)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040251.
Full textThe XXth century witnesses the appearance of a new type of novelistic narrative : in the U.S.A as well as in Latin America and in France, an increasing number of polyphonic novels are published, whose structure relies on the voices of characters who tell one after the other the story they have in common. The omniscient narrator is replaced by a multiplicity of voices and by direct penetration of consciousness. This thesis focuses on nine of these polyphonic novels, which were selected due to their paradigmatic status and because of the dialogue they build with one another. They all are inspired by new conceptions of the mind that place subjectivity at their center, and use experimental devices that underline the quest of the novelists seeking an equivalent between words, feelings and thoughts. These texts allow games that show how theories of the novel as a puzzle and as a trial are being moulded, while opening to other genres such as theatre and poetry and questioning the novel’s absorption capacity. But most of all, the polyphonic pattern appears as a crucial stake for the contemporary world that gave birth to these novels: the fragmentation of the narrative, now shared among characters, questions the link between voice and ideology and the relationship between speech and reality. The multiplicity of voices makes the living and the dead share the pages of the book and gives the novel a power that goes beyond the limits of human condition while offering a new definition of the concept of truth
Grassin-Guermouche, Séverine. "Les polyphonies "simples" à la fin du Moyen Âge : étude générique et répertoire des sources." Tours, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOUR2017.
Full textAlthough the beginning of the14th century witnessed the rise of ars nova, a new musical esthetic, this did not obliterate the use of the stylistically older and different polyphonic practices, which were contained in many manuscripts in Europe and called "simple polyphonies". A critical examination of concepts normally used to deal with these simple polyphonies not only emphasizes the epistemological issues of the history of polyphony but also shows the difficulty of establishing a clear definition of these simple polyphonies. The study of a limited corpus of eleven polyphonic pieces from the Lausanne diocese allows for a better understanding of the diverse poetic tools used in musical composition. Furthermore, it leads to a revision of the notion of "repertoire", understood more as a corpus of pieces in continuous movement during the entire Middle Ages, never fixed but always part of a process of re-composition, combination and adaptation depending on the socio-cultural milieu of membership and reception
Roitman, Malin. "Polyphonie argumentative : Étude de la négation dans des éditoriaux du Figaro, de Libération et du Monde." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, Department of French, Italian and Classical Languages, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-1053.
Full textThis thesis deals with the polyphonic and argumentative functions of the French negation marker, ne, in editorial texts from the daily press. The concept ‘polyphony’ relates to the presence of multiple voices within one and the same utterance. According to this view, negation triggers a subdivision of an utterance in two points of view. Thus the sentence Sweden will not be a part of the monetary union can be divided in two points of view, the underlying ‘Sweden will be a part of the monetary union’, and the explicit ‘Sweden will not be a part of the monetary union’.
First, I study the polyphonic structure of negative utterances, notably their division in two points of view, by taking into account their specific linguistic features. This is done so as to identify the relevant linguistic criteria that determine the polyphonic interpretation of the negation. The study demonstrates that contextual elements, including pragmatic connectors, presuppositions contrastive elements, and several other devices constitute the primary source of polyphonic markers.
Negation is furthermore approached from a textual perspective. I explore how the two opposite points of view that are associated with negation form polyphonic sequences with other points of view carrying the same semantic content, and how these dynamic points of view are associated to the different discourse beings that are found in the newspaper article. I found that these sequences often embrace the central polemic theme of the article and, also, that the polyphonic function is not restricted to the negative utterance but constitutes an element that ensures textual and argumentative coherence. These two analyses are carried out within Jean-Claude Anscombre’s and Oswald Ducrot’s Theory of Structural Argumentation, which has recently been formalised by Kjersti Fløttum, Coco Norén and Henning Nølke.
Finally in this thesis, I analyse the relation between the discourse beings associated with the negative utterance and real beings that exist outside the text, and then consider what rhetorical implications that correspondence or no correspondence has on the polyphonic interpretation of the negation. I also examine whether polyphonic negation can be considered to be a feature of newspaper editorials that identifies these texts as a genre. This study shows that the locuteur, the discourse being responsible for the enunciation of the negative utterance on a textual level, links to the real being, the editorial writer, who then refutes points of view associated to other discourse beings, often by use of nominalizations that refer to community voices. The locuteur also intrudes into an argument or claim, and refutes it in the name of a community or an authority.
By defining genre, as does the media researcher Patrick Charaudeau, as a correspondence between the constraints imposed by the discursive situation and the constraints imposed by the discursive features, and by considering that one of the editorial’s constraints is to persuade its readers, this study shows that the phrasal negation ne in its polyphonic function, constitutes a distinguishing feature in the genre of editorials. The refutations that are made by an editor constitute a distinctive argumentative strategy since it permits the editorial writer to present external points of view in order to refute them and thereby impose his or her own, subjective point of view.
Dulong, Gilles. "La ballade polyphonique à la fin du Moyen-Age : de l'union entre musique naturelle et musique artificielle /." Tours : [G. Dulong], 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37661420k.
Full textDrouet, Griselda Noémie. "La mise en scène de la contradiction à l’oral : analyse et fonctionnement." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN20034.
Full textThe notion of contradiction in linguistics has often been rejected to the margins of language research. We generally consider that contradictory speech or structures of opposition cannot logically serve the effectiveness required by the traditional theories of communication. For this reason, traditional linguistics tends to consider these structures as artificial, serving stylistic or rhetorical goals. Yet, we can observe, in oral speech, numerous utterances presenting marks of contradiction. This brings us to examine not the prepared structures but the spontaneous ones, serving communicative goals and having a real pragmatic effect within communication. This study will demonstrate that such utterances do exist in speech, and that the logical aporia they express at first sight reveals in fact a distinctive enunciative posture. We will showhow the utterer stages this posture through particular conditions of enunciation (polyphony, negation, markers). We will finally analyse the pragmatic effect of the structure of contradiction in and on discourse.The utterances presenting pragmatic connectors are of as many indications which allow us to take into account these notions and to analyse them under a new light. It is from a corpus established on the recordings of spontaneous oral conversations that we attempt to bring up the morphological forms and the syntax which conveys oral contradiction along with the pragmatic effects which it creates, in order to draw up a possible system of the functioning of these structures
Gapsys-Hutin, Giedrius. "Versaria polyphoniques aquitains du XIIe siècle : identification des graphies particulières. Lecture, paléographie, analyse." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040136.
Full textThe neumes which are close in their shape to the Aquitanian liquescence signs, but are used independently of the phonetic circumstances, are usually considered as the “neumatic peculiarities” specific to the Aquitanian versaria: Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 3549 and lat. 3719. The present thesis identifies these neumes as the Aquitanian special oriscus of an uncommon shape, employed in the versaria additionally to the Aquitanian oriscus of the common shape. This oriscus is connected to some other notational phenomena of the versarium 3719, like the ligatures that occur in the down-going neumes.The present thesis reveals the existence of the special oriscus in a small amount of sources, among the 150 manuscripts of the Bibliothèque nationale that carry Aquitanian neumatic notation. As to the other notational phenomena connected to the oriscus, these belong to a graphical development of the Aquitanian tractulus /punctum which shows itself most strongly in the South-west of the Aquitanian notation area. The neumatic peculiarities are therefore not contained exclusively in the corpus of Aquitanian polyphonic versaria, as it was supposed.The special oriscus carries some specific functions in the polyphonic versaria. Basically, these functions are related to the ornamentation of an interval between the voices and the process of the voice alignment. Therefore, we conclude that the Aquitanian notation, by integrating the special oriscus and conferring on it some specific functions, adapts itself adequately to the needs of the polyphonic language which was developed by the florid Aquitanian discantus in the late XIth and the early XIIth centuries
Poissant, Maude. "«Ambivalences» suivi de : La polyphonie dans La constellation du Lynx : un dialogue explorant l’Histoire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30184/30184.pdf.
Full textAgnoletti, Marie-France. "Polyphonie discursive et stratégies identitaires : éléments pour une approche de l'identité dans le discours." Nancy 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN21014.
Full textSchönnenbeck, Eva Christiane. "La question de la polyphonie dans les œuvres de la libre atonalité d’Arnold Schoenberg." Paris 8, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA083810.
Full textOur questioning of the polyphony in the works of Arnold Schoenberg's free atonality allows us to investigate the various forms and implications of the multiplicity of voices in the aesthetics of this Viennese composer of the beginning of the XXth century. Sometimes discipline of rigorous composing establishing a link with past (under the shape of the counterpoint), sometimes organization of the voices according to new, even free principles, the polyphony fundamental category of the western tradition seems to contain a potential of renewal of the musical language. The way Schoenberg employs the polyphony on works marked by the abandonment of tonal music indeed leads us to think that the polyphony plays a particular role as for its research to compose without referring to the principles of organization of the tonal system, but without giving up either the wealth of the inheritance of the musical tradition. We shall question the polyphony by taking into account its kaleidoscopic character, which seems essential to us. We shall approach diverse themes among which the teaching of Schoenberg, the inheritance that he collects at Bach, the passage of the tonality to the free atonality, the questions bound to the performance, the diverse strata of the composition as well as the question of the language and the musical prose. The analysis of several works (opus 9, 16, 17, 18 and 21, the Three pieces for chamber orchestra of 1910 and a transcription of Bach) shall allow us to observe the implications of the polyphony in the aesthetics of Schoenberg