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Journal articles on the topic 'Polyplexe ADN'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

Lin, Martin Hsiu-Chu, Ping-Shan Lai, Li-Ching Chang, et al. "Characterization and Optimization of Chitosan-Coated Polybutylcyanoacrylate Nanoparticles for the Transfection-Guided Neural Differentiation of Mouse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 16 (2021): 8741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168741.

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Gene transfection is a valuable tool for analyzing gene regulation and function, and providing an avenue for the genetic engineering of cells for therapeutic purposes. Though efficient, the potential concerns over viral vectors for gene transfection has led to research in non-viral alternatives. Cationic polyplexes such as those synthesized from chitosan offer distinct advantages such as enhanced polyplex stability, cellular uptake, endo-lysosomal escape, and release, but are limited by the poor solubility and viscosity of chitosan. In this study, the easily synthesized biocompatible and biodegradable polymeric polysorbate 80 polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles (PS80 PBCA NP) are utilized as the backbone for surface modification with chitosan, in order to address the synthetic issues faced when using chitosan alone as a carrier. Plasmid DNA (pDNA) containing the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene coupled to a hypoxia-responsive element and the cytomegalovirus promotor gene was selected as the genetic cargo for the in vitro transfection-guided neural-lineage specification of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which were assessed by immunofluorescence staining. The chitosan-coated PS80 PBCA NP/BDNF pDNA polyplex measured 163.8 ± 1.8 nm and zeta potential measured −34.8 ± 1.8 mV with 0.01% (w/v) high molecular weight chitosan (HMWC); the pDNA loading efficiency reached 90% at a nanoparticle to pDNA weight ratio of 15, which also corresponded to enhanced polyplex stability on the DNA stability assay. The HMWC-PS80 PBCA NP/BDNF pDNA polyplex was non-toxic to mouse iPSCs for up to 80 μg/mL (weight ratio = 40) and enhanced the expression of BDNF when compared with PS80 PBCA NP/BDNF pDNA polyplex. Evidence for neural-lineage specification of mouse iPSCs was observed by an increased expression of nestin, neurofilament heavy polypeptide, and beta III tubulin, and the effects appeared superior when transfection was performed with the chitosan-coated formulation. This study illustrates the versatility of the PS80 PBCA NP and that surface decoration with chitosan enabled this delivery platform to be used for the transfection-guided differentiation of mouse iPSCs.
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2

Kalinova, Radostina, Miroslava Valchanova, Ivaylo Dimitrov, et al. "Functional Polyglycidol-Based Block Copolymers for DNA Complexation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 17 (2021): 9606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179606.

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Gene therapy is an attractive therapeutic method for the treatment of genetic disorders for which the efficient delivery of nucleic acids into a target cell is critical. The present study is aimed at evaluating the potential of copolymers based on linear polyglycidol to act as carriers of nucleic acids. Functional copolymers with linear polyglycidol as a non-ionic hydrophilic block and a second block bearing amine hydrochloride pendant groups were prepared using previously synthesized poly(allyl glycidyl ether)-b-polyglycidol block copolymers as precursors. The amine functionalities were introduced via highly efficient radical addition of 2-aminoethanethiol hydrochloride to the alkene side groups. The modified copolymers formed loose aggregates with strongly positive surface charge in aqueous media, stabilized by the presence of dodecyl residues at the end of the copolymer structures and the hydrogen-bonding interactions in polyglycidol segments. The copolymer aggregates were able to condense DNA into stable and compact nanosized polyplex particles through electrostatic interactions. The copolymers and the corresponding polyplexes showed low to moderate cytotoxicity on a panel of human cancer cell lines. The cell internalization evaluation demonstrated the capability of the polyplexes to successfully deliver DNA into the cancer cells.
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3

Plianwong, Samarwadee, Praneet Opanasopit, Tanasait Ngawhirunpat, and Theerasak Rojanarata. "Chitosan Combined with Poly-L-arginine as Efficient, Safe, and Serum-Insensitive Vehicle with RNase Protection Ability for siRNA Delivery." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/574136.

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Chitosan (CS) combined with poly-L-arginine (PLA) was formulated and evaluated for its performance to deliver siRNA to HeLa cells expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). Compared with the formulations using single polymer in which the polyplexes were completely formed at the weight ratio of >20 : 1 for CS/siRNA or 1 : 1 for PLA/siRNA, the combination of CS and PLA could reduce the amounts of the polymers required for the complete complexation with siRNA, thereby forming positively charged, nanosized polyplex at the weight ratio of CS/PLA/siRNA of 5 : 0.5: 1. In addition, while the transfection efficiency of CS/siRNA and PLA/siRNA was very low at physiological pH (7.4), CS/PLA/siRNA at the optimal weight ratio of 5 : 0.5 : 1 satisfactorily silenced the endogenous EGFP gene at pH 7.4 as well as at pH 6.4 without the deterrent effect from serum. The combined polymers could protect siRNA from RNase degradation over a period of at least 6 h. Furthermore, MTT assay results demonstrated that CS/PLA/siRNA complexes showed acceptably low cytotoxicity with 75% cell viability. Therefore, CS combined with PLA is easy to prepare, safe, and promising for use as an efficient siRNA delivery vehicle.
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4

Kandasamy, Gayathri, Elena N. Danilovtseva, Vadim V. Annenkov, and Uma Maheswari Krishnan. "Poly(1-vinylimidazole) polyplexes as novel therapeutic gene carriers for lung cancer therapy." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 11 (February 17, 2020): 354–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.11.26.

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The present work explores the ability of poly(1-vinylimidazole) (PVI) to complex small interfering RNA (siRNA) silencing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the in vitro efficiency of the formed complexes in A549 lung cancer cells. The polyplex formed was found to exhibit 66% complexation efficiency. The complexation was confirmed by gel retardation assays, FTIR and thermal analysis. The blank PVI polymer was not toxic to cells. The polyplex was found to exhibit excellent internalization and escaped the endosome effectively. The polyplex was more effective than free siRNA in silencing VEGF in lung cancer cells. The silencing of VEGF was quantified using Western blot and was also reflected in the depletion of HIF-1α levels in the cells treated with the polyplex. VEGF silencing by the polyplex was found to augment the cytotoxic effects of the chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil. Microarray analysis of the mRNA isolated from cells treated with free siRNA and the polyplex reveal that the VEGF silencing by the polyplex also altered the expression levels of several other genes that have been connected to the proliferation and invasion of lung cancer cells. These results indicate that the PVI complexes can be an effective agent to counter lung cancer.
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5

Zhou, Guoyong, Yongmin Xu, Meiwan Chen, Du Cheng, and Xintao Shuai. "Tumor-penetrating peptide modified and pH-sensitive polyplexes for tumor targeted siRNA delivery." Polymer Chemistry 7, no. 23 (2016): 3857–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6py00427j.

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6

Dey, Debabrata, Chiranjit Maiti, Souvik Maiti, and Dibakar Dhara. "Interaction between calf thymus DNA and cationic bottle-brush copolymers: equilibrium and stopped-flow kinetic studies." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 4 (2015): 2366–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp03309d.

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7

Liu, Shuang, Shaohui Deng, Xiaoxia Li, and Du Cheng. "Size- and Surface- Dual Engineered Small Polyplexes for Efficiently Targeting Delivery of siRNA." Molecules 26, no. 11 (2021): 3238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113238.

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Though siRNA-based therapy has achieved great progress, efficient siRNA delivery remains a challenge. Here, we synthesized a copolymer PAsp(-N=C-PEG)-PCys-PAsp(DETA) consisting of a poly(aspartate) block grafted with comb-like PEG side chains via a pH-sensitive imine bond (PAsp(-N=C-PEG) block), a poly(l-cysteine) block with a thiol group (PCys block), and a cationic poly(aspartate) block grafted with diethylenetriamine (PAsp(DETA) block). The cationic polymers efficiently complexed siRNA into polyplexes, showing a sandwich-like structure with a PAsp(-N=C-PEG) out-layer, a crosslinked PCys interlayer, and a complexing core of siRNA and PAsp(DETA). Low pH-triggered breakage of pH-sensitive imine bonds caused PEG shedding. The disulfide bond-crosslinking and pH-triggered PEG shedding synergistically decreased the polyplexes’ size from 75 nm to 26 nm. To neutralize excessive positive charges and introduce the targeting ligand, the polyplexes without a PEG layer were coated with an anionic copolymer modified with the targeting ligand lauric acid. The resulting polyplexes exhibited high transfection efficiency and lysosomal escape capacity. This study provides a promising strategy to engineer the size and surface of polyplexes, allowing long blood circulation and targeted delivery of siRNA.
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8

Skandalis, Athanasios, Dimitrios Selianitis, and Stergios Pispas. "PnBA-b-PNIPAM-b-PDMAEA Thermo-Responsive Triblock Terpolymers and Their Quaternized Analogs as Gene and Drug Delivery Vectors." Polymers 13, no. 14 (2021): 2361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13142361.

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In this work, the ability of thermo-responsive poly [butyl acrylate-b-N-isopropylacrylamide-b-2-(dimethylamino) ethyl acrylate] (PnBA-b-PNIPAM-b-PDMAEA) triblock terpolymer self-assemblies, as well as of their quaternized analogs (PnBA-b-PNIPAM-b-QPDMAEA), to form polyplexes with DNA through electrostatic interactions was examined. Terpolymer/DNA polyplexes were prepared in three different amine over phosphate group ratios (N/P), and linear DNA with a 2000 base pair length was used. In aqueous solutions, the terpolymers formed aggregates of micelles with mixed PNIPAM/(Q)PDMAEA coronas and PnBA cores. The PnBA-b-PNIPAM-b-PDMAEA terpolymers’ micellar aggregates were also examined as carriers for the model hydrophobic drug curcumin (CUR). The complexation ability of the terpolymer with DNA was studied by UV–Vis spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy by investigating ethidium bromide quenching. Fluorescence was also used for the determination of the intrinsic fluorescence of the CUR-loaded micellar aggregates. The structural characteristics of the polyplexes and the CUR-loaded aggregates were investigated by dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering techniques. Polyplexes were found to structurally respond to changes in solution temperature and ionic strength, while the intrinsic fluorescence of encapsulated CUR was increased at temperatures above ambient.
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9

Valente, J. F. A., P. Pereira, A. Sousa, J. A. Queiroz, and F. Sousa. "Effect of Plasmid DNA Size on Chitosan or Polyethyleneimine Polyplexes Formulation." Polymers 13, no. 5 (2021): 793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13050793.

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Gene therapy could be simply defined as a strategy for the introduction of a functional copy of desired genes in patients, to correct some specific mutation and potentially treat the respective disorder. However, this straightforward definition hides very complex processes related to the design and preparation of the therapeutic genes, as well as the development of suitable gene delivery systems. Within non-viral vectors, polymeric nanocarriers have offered an ideal platform to be applied as gene delivery systems. Concerning this, the main goal of the study was to do a systematic evaluation on the formulation of pDNA delivery systems based on the complexation of different sized plasmids with chitosan (CH) or polyethyleneimine (PEI) polymers to search for the best option regarding encapsulation efficiency, surface charge, size, and delivery ability. The cytotoxicity and the transfection efficiency of these systems were accessed and, for the best p53 encoding pDNA nanosystems, the ability to promote protein expression was also evaluated. Overall, it was showed that CH polyplexes are more efficient on transfection when compared with the PEI polyplexes, resulting in higher P53 protein expression. Cells transfected with CH/p53-pDNA polyplexes presented an increase of around 54.2% on P53 expression, while the transfection with the PEI/p53-pDNA polyplexes resulted in a 32% increase.
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10

Sim, Taehoon, Gayoung Park, Hyeyoung Min, et al. "Development of a gene carrier using a triblock co-polyelectrolyte with poly(ethylene imine)-poly(lactic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol)." Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers 32, no. 3 (2016): 280–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883911516671154.

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The success of gene therapy mainly depends on the carriers for effective gene delivery. A non-viral vector using a cationic block co-polyelectrolyte, PEI-PLA-PEG polyethyleneimine-poly(lactic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol)) was developed as a potential gene carrier. The cationic PEI-PLA-PEG showed less toxicity compared to PEI and formed a gene nanocomplex (termed polyplex) by interaction with plasmid DNA or small interference RNA. The polyplex showed smaller particle size and greater positive zeta potential by increasing the high polymer nitrogen/DNA phosphate ratio. The polyplex with a nitrogen/DNA phosphate ratio of 16 or 32 demonstrated higher gene transfection by fluorescence imaging, flow cytometry measurement, and β-galactosidase activity. In particular, the polyplex with therapeutic histone deacetylase small interference RNA at nitrogen/DNA phosphate ratio 16 showed the most favorable properties with definite tumor growth inhibition. The synthetic PEI-PLA-PEG also showed less toxicity and would, therefore, be a great potential gene carrier, particularly given that small interference RNA delivery does not increase the charge density of small interference RNA due to the formation of a stable complex through conjugation with PLA-PEG.
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11

Wang, Cheng, Xiuli Bao, Xuefang Ding, et al. "Retracted Article: A multifunctional self-dissociative polyethyleneimine derivative coating polymer for enhancing the gene transfection efficiency of DNA/polyethyleneimine polyplexes in vitro and in vivo." Polymer Chemistry 6, no. 5 (2015): 780–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4py01135j.

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12

Zhang, Yunti, Qimin Jiang, Marcin Wojnilowicz та ін. "Acid-sensitive poly(β-cyclodextrin)-based multifunctional supramolecular gene vector". Polymer Chemistry 9, № 4 (2018): 450–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7py01847a.

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Multifunctional host–guest supramolecular PCD-acetal-PGEA/Ad-PEG-FA polyplexes showing FA-targeting and acid-triggered intracellular gene release resulted in good transfection efficiency and low cytotoxicity.
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13

Wang, Cheng, Xiuli Bao, Xuefang Ding, et al. "Retraction: A multifunctional self-dissociative polyethyleneimine derivative coating polymer for enhancing the gene transfection efficiency of DNA/polyethyleneimine polyplexes in vitro and in vivo." Polymer Chemistry 11, no. 3 (2020): 752. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0py90010a.

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Retraction of ‘A multifunctional self-dissociative polyethyleneimine derivative coating polymer for enhancing the gene transfection efficiency of DNA/polyethyleneimine polyplexes in vitro and in vivo’ by Cheng Wang, et al., Polym. Chem., 2015, 6, 780–796.
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14

Zhang, Weiqi, and Haiyan Xu. "Tailoring the RNAi efficiency of polyplexes." Bioengineered 5, no. 3 (2014): 152–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/bioe.28062.

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15

Mazurek-Budzynska, Magdalena, Maria Balk, Marc Behl, and Andreas Lendlein. "Polyethyleneimine and Poly(ethylene glycol) Functionalized Oligoester Based Polycationic Particles." MRS Advances 3, no. 50 (2018): 3033–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.407.

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ABSTRACTPolycationic particles based on a degradable oligoester core are interesting candidate materials for the transfection of polyanionic macromolecules like DNA, which would enable the degradation after delivery of condensed molecules. Good transfection efficiencies can be obtained when the size of the polyplex (containing both polycationic nanoparticles and polyanionic macromolecules) does not exceed 120 nm. Therefore, here we explored how size, but also dispersity, and surface charge of these carrier systems can be adjusted by variation of the block copolymer composition or the presence and ratio of a co-assembly agent. Polycationic particles were obtained based on an amphiphilic triblock copolymer from oligo[(ε-caprolactone)-co-glycolide] (CG) functionalized with polyethyleneimine (PEI) and diblock copolymer based on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) modified with CG. A second series of particles was created, in which the oligoester blocks contained only ε-caprolactone units, therefore the effect of the presence of glycolide units was also studied. In both series, the ratio between di- and triblock copolymers was systematically varied. Nano-sized particles ranging from 34.5 ± 0.2 nm to 97.9 ± 0.3 nm with controllable positive surface charges between 2.9 ± 0.2 mV and 18.1 ± 0.5 mV were obtained by self-assembly in PBS solution under intensive stirring. The incorporation of PEG-C diblock copolymers resulted in an increase of particle size, however no specific relation between composition, size, and polydispersity was observed. In case of PEG-CG diblock copolymers a rather systematic increase of the particles’ size with increasing content of diblock copolymer was shown. Furthermore, with a decrease of content of diblock copolymer in the particle structure zeta potential strongly increased. Additionally, the content of glycolide units in triblock copolymer increased the zeta potential of PEI-CG-PEI-based particles in comparison to PEI-C-PEI-based ones. Therefore, obtained particles could be used as potential target-oriented polycationic macromolecules for carrier systems.
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16

Hung, Shiou-Fen, Yu-Han Wen, Lu-Yi Yu, Hsin-Cheng Chiu, Yi-Ting Chiang, and Chun-Liang Lo. "Development of a Rapid-Onset, Acid-Labile Linkage Polyplex-Mixed Micellar System for Anticancer Therapy." Polymers 13, no. 11 (2021): 1823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13111823.

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In the treatment of cancers, small interfering ribonucleic acids (siRNAs) are delivered into cells to inhibit the oncogenic protein’s expression; however, polyanions, hydrophilicity, and rapid degradations in blood, endosomal or secondary lysosomal degradation hamper clinal applications. In this study, we first synthesized and characterized two copolymers: methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(2-hydroxy methacrylate-ketal-pyridoxal) and methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(methacrylic acid-co-histidine). Afterwards, we assembled two polymers with the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) siRNA, forming polyplex-mixed micelles for the treatment of the human colon cancer cell line HCT116. In terms of the physiological condition, the cationic pyridoxal molecules that were conjugated on the copolymer with ketal bonds could electrostatically attract the siRNA. Additionally, the pyridoxal could form a hydrophobic core together with the hydrophobic deprotonated histidine molecules in the other copolymer and the hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) shell to protect the siRNA. In an acidic condition, the pyridoxal would be cleaved from the polymers due to the breakage of the ketal bonds and the histidine molecules can simultaneously be protonated, resulting in the endosome/lysosome escape effect. On the basis of our results, the two copolymers were successfully prepared and the pyridoxal derivatives were identified to be able to carry the siRNA and be cleavable by the copolymers in an acidic solution. Polyplex-mixed micelles were prepared, and the micellar structures were identified. The endosome escape behavior was observed using a confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The FAK expression was therefore reduced, and the cytotoxicity of siRNA toward human colon cancer cells was exhibited, rapidly in 24 h. This exceptional anticancer efficiency suggests the potential of the pH-sensitive polyplex-mixed micellar system in siRNA delivery.
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17

Rumschöttel, Jens, Sabine Kosmella, Claudia Prietzel, Dietmar Appelhans, and Joachim Koetz. "DNA polyplexes with dendritic glycopolymer-entrapped gold nanoparticles." Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 154 (June 2017): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.03.001.

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18

Ingle, Nilesh P., Joseph K. Hexum, and Theresa M. Reineke. "Polyplexes Are Endocytosed by and Trafficked within Filopodia." Biomacromolecules 21, no. 4 (2020): 1379–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01610.

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19

Tao, Lei, William C. Chou, Beng H. Tan, and Thomas P. Davis. "DNA Polyplexes Formed Using PEGylated Biodegradable Hyperbranched Polymers." Macromolecular Bioscience 10, no. 6 (2010): 632–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mabi.200900378.

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20

Borden, Mark, Shashank Sirsi, Sonia Hernandez, Shunichi Homma, Jessica Kandel, and Darrell Yamashiro. "Polyplex-microbubbles for improved ultrasound-mediated gene therapy." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 133, no. 5 (2013): 3409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4805948.

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21

Lu, Mengqian, Yi-Ping Ho, Christopher L. Grigsby, Ahmad Ahsan Nawaz, Kam W. Leong, and Tony Jun Huang. "Three-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Focusing Method for Polyplex Synthesis." ACS Nano 8, no. 1 (2014): 332–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn404193e.

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Faria, Rúben, Tânia Albuquerque, Ana R. Neves, et al. "Physicochemical characterization and targeting performance of triphenylphosphonium nano-polyplexes." Journal of Molecular Liquids 316 (October 2020): 113873. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113873.

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23

Wan, Lei, Yezi You, Yi Zou, David Oupický, and Guangzhao Mao. "DNA Release Dynamics from Bioreducible Poly(amido amine) Polyplexes." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 113, no. 42 (2009): 13735–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp901835u.

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24

Syga, Marie-Isabel, Elena Nicolì, Esther Kohler, and V. Prasad Shastri. "Albumin Incorporation in Polyethylenimine–DNA Polyplexes Influences Transfection Efficiency." Biomacromolecules 17, no. 1 (2015): 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01308.

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Miyata, Kanjiro, Noha Gouda, Hiroyasu Takemoto, et al. "Enhanced transfection with silica-coated polyplexes loading plasmid DNA." Biomaterials 31, no. 17 (2010): 4764–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.02.033.

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26

Nicolle, Laura, Jens Casper, Melanie Willimann, et al. "Development of Covalent Chitosan-Polyethylenimine Derivatives as Gene Delivery Vehicle: Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 8 (2021): 3828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22083828.

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There is an increasing interest in cationic polymers as important constituents of non-viral gene delivery vectors. In the present study, we developed a versatile synthetic route for the production of covalent polymeric conjugates consisting of water-soluble depolymerized chitosan (dCS; MW 6–9 kDa) and low molecular weight polyethylenimine (PEI; 2.5 kDa linear, 1.8 kDa branched). dCS-PEI derivatives were evaluated based on their physicochemical properties, including purity, covalent bonding, solubility in aqueous media, ability for DNA condensation, and colloidal stability of the resulting polyplexes. They were complexed with non-integrating DNA vectors coding for reporter genes by simple admixing and assessed in vitro using liver-derived HuH-7 cells for their transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity. Using a rational screening cascade, a lead compound was selected (dCS-Suc-LPEI-14) displaying the best balance of biocompatibility, cytotoxicity, and transfection efficiency. Scale-up and in vivo evaluation in wild-type mice allowed for a direct comparison with a commercially available non-viral delivery vector (in vivo-jetPEI). Hepatic expression of the reporter gene luciferase resulted in liver-specific bioluminescence, upon intrabiliary infusion of the chitosan-based polyplexes, which exceeded the signal of the in vivo jetPEI reference formulation by a factor of 10. We conclude that the novel chitosan-derivative dCS-Suc-LPEI-14 shows promise and potential as an efficient polymeric conjugate for non-viral in vivo gene therapy.
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Wang, Yu, Danyang Zhao, Xiao Wei, Lin Ma, Jing Sheng, and Ping Lu. "PEGylated Polyethylenimine Derivative-Mediated Local Delivery of the shSmad3 Inhibits Intimal Thickening after Vascular Injury." BioMed Research International 2019 (July 29, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8483765.

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Intimal hyperplasia is a complex process which contributes to several clinical problems such as atherosclerosis and postangioplasty restenosis. Inhibition of Smad3 expression inhibits intimal thickening. Our previous study has modified biscarbamate cross-linked polyethylenimine derivative (PEI-Et) through PEGylation thus obtained polyethylene glycol-graft-polyethylenimine derivative (PEG-Et 1:1), which has lower cytotoxicity and higher gene transfection efficiency compared with PEI-Et. In this study, PEG-Et 1:1 was employed in Smad3 shRNA (shSmad3) delivery for preventing intimal hyperplasia after vascular injury. It was observed that PEG-Et 1:1 could condense shSmad3 gene into nanoparticles with particle size of 115–168 nm and zeta potential of 3–6 mV. PEG-Et 1:1 displayed remarkably lower cytotoxicity, higher transfection efficiency, and shRNA silencing efficiency than PEI-Et and PEI 25 kDa in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Moreover, PEG-Et 1:1/shSmad3 polyplex treatment significantly inhibited collagen, matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1), MMP2 and MMP9 expression, and upregulated tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) expression both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, intravascular delivery of shSmad3 with PEG-Et 1:1 polyplex efficiently reduced Smad3 expression and inhibited intimal thickening 14 days after vascular injury. Ultimately, this study indicated that PEG-Et 1:1-mediated local delivery of shSmad3 is a promising strategy for preventing intimal thickening.
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Maiolo, Daniele, Jessica Colombo, Jennifer Beretta, Chiara Malloggi, Gabriele Candiani, and Francesca Baldelli Bombelli. "The polyplex, protein corona, cell interplay: Tips and drawbacks." Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 168 (August 2018): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.01.040.

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Kim, Soo Kyung, Kyeng Min Park, Kaushik Singha, et al. "Galactosylated cucurbituril-inclusion polyplex for hepatocyte-targeted gene delivery." Chem. Commun. 46, no. 5 (2010): 692–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b920753h.

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Osada, Kensuke. "Development of functional polyplex micelles for systemic gene therapy." Polymer Journal 46, no. 8 (2014): 469–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/pj.2014.49.

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Ooya, Tooru, Hak Soo Choi, Atsushi Yamashita, et al. "Biocleavable Polyrotaxane−Plasmid DNA Polyplex for Enhanced Gene Delivery." Journal of the American Chemical Society 128, no. 12 (2006): 3852–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja055868+.

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Zhang, Bingqi, Yanjie Zhang, Surya K. Mallapragada, and Aaron R. Clapp. "Sensing Polymer/DNA Polyplex Dissociation Using Quantum Dot Fluorophores." ACS Nano 5, no. 1 (2010): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn1018939.

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Kang, Ji Hee, Gantumur Battogtokh, and Young Tag Ko. "Folate-Targeted Liposome Encapsulating Chitosan/Oligonucleotide Polyplexes for Tumor Targeting." AAPS PharmSciTech 15, no. 5 (2014): 1087–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1208/s12249-014-0136-5.

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Alinejad-Mofrad, E., B. Malaekeh-Nikouei, L. Gholami, et al. "Evaluation and comparison of cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and apoptotic effects of poly-l-lysine/plasmid DNA micro- and nanoparticles." Human & Experimental Toxicology 38, no. 8 (2019): 983–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327119846924.

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The principal impediment to gene therapy is the development of efficient, nontoxic gene carriers that can handle and deliver foreign genetic materials into various cell types, including healthy and cancerous cells. Poly-l-lysine (PLL) polymers are one of the most favorable gene carriers among nonviral vectors, and PLL had low transfection and safety issues. The purpose of this study was to measure cellular toxicity, DNA damage, and apoptotic effects of PLL nanoparticles. Neuro2A mammalian cells were cultured and exposed to PLL/DNA complexes at different polymer/DNA ratios ( C/ P ratio 2 and 6) for 24 h. To evaluate metabolic activity, genotoxicity, and apoptotic influences of PLL nanoparticle, the following experimental methods were employed, in order: 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), DNA damage (COMET analysis) assay, and sub-G1 peak apoptosis assay. Our data indicate that toxicity is concentration dependent and a high concentration of polymer declined the metabolic activity. In addition, largest complexes ( C/ P 6 in HEPES buffered saline buffer) have slighter negative impact on metabolic activity. In agreement with our cytotoxicity data, apoptotic assay result represented that increase in size of PLL/DNA complexes decrease the number of apoptotic cells. Also, there was a remarkable increase in percent tail DNA of Neuro2A cells treated with higher concentration of PLL and its polyplexes. The present study demonstrated that PLL/DNA complexes caused cytotoxic, apoptotic, and genotoxic effects in a dose-dependent and weight ratio-dependent manner, which also affected the size of polyplexes.
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35

Semenyuk, Pavel I., Marina V. Zhiryakova, and Vladimir A. Izumrudov. "Supercharged Polyplexes: Full-Atom Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Experimental Study." Macromolecules 51, no. 14 (2018): 5450–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00885.

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36

Durymanov, Mikhail O., Tatiana A. Slastnikova, Alexey I. Kuzmich, et al. "Microdistribution of MC1R-targeted polyplexes in murine melanoma tumor tissue." Biomaterials 34, no. 38 (2013): 10209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.08.076.

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37

Wan, Lei, Devika S. Manickam, David Oupický, and Guangzhao Mao. "DNA Release Dynamics from Reducible Polyplexes by Atomic Force Microscopy." Langmuir 24, no. 21 (2008): 12474–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la802088y.

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38

Liao, Wei-Hao, Ming-Yen Hsiao, Chia-Wen Lo, et al. "Intracellular triggered release of DNA-quaternary ammonium polyplex by ultrasound." Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 36 (May 2017): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.11.002.

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39

Ritt, Nicolas, Amal Ayaou, and Rudolf Zentel. "RAFT Synthesis of Reactive Multifunctional Triblock‐Copolymers for Polyplex Formation." Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 222, no. 16 (2021): 2100122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.202100122.

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40

Zheng, Yanfen, Xiaoyuan Wang, Funan Qiu, and Lu Yin. "Amphiphilic polymer to improve polyplex stability for enhanced transfection efficiency." Polymer Bulletin 76, no. 5 (2018): 2471–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00289-018-2506-8.

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41

Wang, Weiwei, Toufik Naolou, Nan Ma, et al. "Polydepsipeptide Block-Stabilized Polyplexes for Efficient Transfection of Primary Human Cells." Biomacromolecules 18, no. 11 (2017): 3819–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01034.

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42

Grun, Molly K., Alexandra Suberi, Kwangsoo Shin, et al. "PEGylation of poly(amine-co-ester) polyplexes for tunable gene delivery." Biomaterials 272 (May 2021): 120780. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120780.

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43

Tsai, Shannon J., James I. Andorko, Xiangbin Zeng, Joshua M. Gammon, and Christopher M. Jewell. "Polyplex interaction strength as a driver of potency during cancer immunotherapy." Nano Research 11, no. 10 (2018): 5642–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12274-018-2181-y.

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44

Jiang, Ge, Sang-Hyun Min, Eun Ju Oh, and Sei Kwang Hahn. "DNA/PEI/Alginate polyplex as an efficientin vivo gene delivery system." Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering 12, no. 6 (2007): 684–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02931086.

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45

Kim, Young-Min, Mi-Ran Park, and Soo-Chang Song. "An injectable cell penetrable nano-polyplex hydrogel for localized siRNA delivery." Biomaterials 34, no. 18 (2013): 4493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.02.050.

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46

Han, Jungho, Seog K. Kim, Tae-Sub Cho, Jae-Cheol Lee, and Hyun Sook Joung. "Polyplex formation of calf thymus DNA with branched and linear polyethyleneimine." Macromolecular Research 12, no. 5 (2004): 501–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03218434.

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47

Qu, X., P. Li, D. Liu, C. Liu, and N. Zhang. "Enhanced gene transfer with multilayered polyplexes assembled with layer-by-layer technique." IET Nanobiotechnology 6, no. 3 (2012): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-nbt.2011.0031.

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48

Berger, Simone, Ana Krhač Levačić, Elisa Hörterer, et al. "Optimizing pDNA Lipo-polyplexes: A Balancing Act between Stability and Cargo Release." Biomacromolecules 22, no. 3 (2021): 1282–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01779.

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49

Müller, Katharina, Philipp M. Klein, Philipp Heissig, Andreas Roidl, and Ernst Wagner. "EGF receptor targeted lipo-oligocation polyplexes for antitumoral siRNA and miRNA delivery." Nanotechnology 27, no. 46 (2016): 464001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/27/46/464001.

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50

Schaffer, David V., Nick A. Fidelman, Nily Dan, and Douglas A. Lauffenburger. "Vector unpacking as a potential barrier for receptor-mediated polyplex gene delivery." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 67, no. 5 (2000): 598–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(20000305)67:5<598::aid-bit10>3.0.co;2-g.

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