Relevant bibliographies by topics / Polyploidy

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Polyploidy'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 January 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Polyploidy"

1

Li, Xiaoying, Luyue Zhang, Xiaochun Wei, Tanusree Datta, Fang Wei, and Zhengqing Xie. "Polyploidization: A Biological Force That Enhances Stress Resistance." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 4 (February 6, 2024): 1957. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25041957.

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Organisms with three or more complete sets of chromosomes are designated as polyploids. Polyploidy serves as a crucial pathway in biological evolution and enriches species diversity, which is demonstrated to have significant advantages in coping with both biotic stressors (such as diseases and pests) and abiotic stressors (like extreme temperatures, drought, and salinity), particularly in the context of ongoing global climate deterioration, increased agrochemical use, and industrialization. Polyploid cultivars have been developed to achieve higher yields and improved product quality. Numerous studies have shown that polyploids exhibit substantial enhancements in cell size and structure, physiological and biochemical traits, gene expression, and epigenetic modifications compared to their diploid counterparts. However, some research also suggested that increased stress tolerance might not always be associated with polyploidy. Therefore, a more comprehensive and detailed investigation is essential to complete the underlying stress tolerance mechanisms of polyploids. Thus, this review summarizes the mechanism of polyploid formation, the polyploid biochemical tolerance mechanism of abiotic and biotic stressors, and molecular regulatory networks that confer polyploidy stress tolerance, which can shed light on the theoretical foundation for future research.
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Ebinuma, Hiroyasu, Masahiko Kobayashi, Jun Kobayashi, Toru Shimada, and Narumi Yoshitake. "The detection of mosaics and polyploids in a hereditary mosaic strain of the silk moth, Bombyx mori, using egg colour mutants." Genetical Research 51, no. 3 (June 1988): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672300024320.

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SummaryTo analyze abnormal fertilization in a hereditary mosaic strain (mo/mo) of Bombyx mori, the percentages of diploidy mosaic, polyploidy mosaic and polyploid eggs in a batch were estimated by using egg colour mutants (pe re). Among 48 890 eggs from crosses of pe + / + re, mo/mo females with pe re/pe re males, 9409 abnormal eggs were obtained; 4472 of them were diploidy mosaics (red-white eggs), 4038 were polyploids (black eggs) and 899 were polyploidy mosaics (566 black-white, 256 black-red and 77 black-white-red eggs). The total number of diploidy mosaic eggs was approximately equal to that of polyploid eggs. A significant correlation was detected between the diploidy mosaic and polyploid egg ratios within a batch. This suggests that diploidy mosaics are produced by double fertilization in which two genetically non-identical egg nuclei are fertilized in turn by a sperm, and polyploids are formed by the fertilization of a diploid, non-disjunctive egg nucleus gamete by a single sperm. Our results also indicated the presence of common factors modifying both mosaic and polyploid frequency. The concordance of the observed ratio of polyploidy mosaic eggs (1·84%) with the expected value (diploidy mosaic ratio × polyploidy ratio × 2 = 1·83%) suggests that the formation of mosaics occurs independently of the formation of polyploids in this abnormal fertilization process. We point out that it is necessary to modify Goldschmidt & Katsuki's general model to explain abnormal fertilization, and we propose several possible models.
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Tiwana, Anupreet Singh, Siva Prathap Thummalakunta, Saurabh Gupta, Vijay Singh, and Ramesh Chand Kataria. "The Influence of Geographical Factors on Polyploidy in Angiosperms with Cartographic Evidence from the Northwestern Himalayas: A Review." Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 22, no. 1 (March 2, 2023): 293–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.46488/nept.2023.v22i01.029.

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The review paper comprised the impact of geographical and environmental factors on polyploidy and vice versa. The review covers different effects of geographical factors, like spatial isolation, altitude, and local climate on polyploidy, and the behavior of polyploid(s) in abiotic factors, such as temperature and light with a few examples of northwest Himalayas. The paper concludes that polyploid plants behave differently in environmental conditions, as polyploids are more prominent in higher altitudes, colder environments, and nutrient-rich soil than diploid progenitors, but have a mixed distribution in different geographical conditions. Further, polyploidy is more common among perennials than annuals, while niche differentiation depends more on the local environment. The virtual case study results from North and North Western India have been shown with the help of ArcGIS online software. The scrutiny of spatial distribution on maps highlights the fact that polyploidy is still a complex research puzzle with interesting perspectives.
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Vilcherrez-Atoche, Joe Abdul, Carla Midori Iiyama, and Jean Carlos Cardoso. "Polyploidization in Orchids: From Cellular Changes to Breeding Applications." Plants 11, no. 4 (February 9, 2022): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11040469.

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Polyploidy occurs naturally in plants through cell division errors or can artificially be induced by antimitotic agents and has ecological effects on species adaptation, evolution, and development. In agriculture, polyploidy provides economically improved cultivars. Furthermore, the artificial induction of polyploids increases the frequency; thus, it accelerates obtaining polyploid plants used in breeding programs. This is the reason for its use in developing many crops of economic interest, as is the case of orchids in the flower market. Polyploidy in ornamental plants is mainly associated with flowers of larger size, fragrance, and more intense coloring when compared to naturally diploid plants. Currently, orchids represent the largest flower market worldwide; thus, breeding programs aim to obtain flowers with the larger size, durability, intense colors, and resistance to pathogens. Furthermore, orchid hybridization with polyploidy induction has been used to produce improved hybrid cultivars. Thus, the objective of this review was to compile information regarding the natural occurrence, importance, and methods of induction of polyploidy in orchids. The study also summarizes the significance of polyploids and techniques associated with artificially inducing polyploidy in different orchids of commercial relevance.
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Mezzasalma, Marcello, Elvira Brunelli, Gaetano Odierna, and Fabio Maria Guarino. "Evolutionary and Genomic Diversity of True Polyploidy in Tetrapods." Animals 13, no. 6 (March 12, 2023): 1033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13061033.

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True polyploid organisms have more than two chromosome sets in their somatic and germline cells. Polyploidy is a major evolutionary force and has played a significant role in the early genomic evolution of plants, different invertebrate taxa, chordates, and teleosts. However, the contribution of polyploidy to the generation of new genomic, ecological, and species diversity in tetrapods has traditionally been underestimated. Indeed, polyploidy represents an important pathway of genomic evolution, occurring in most higher-taxa tetrapods and displaying a variety of different forms, genomic configurations, and biological implications. Herein, we report and discuss the available information on the different origins and evolutionary and ecological significance of true polyploidy in tetrapods. Among the main tetrapod lineages, modern amphibians have an unparalleled diversity of polyploids and, until recently, they were considered to be the only vertebrates with closely related diploid and polyploid bisexual species or populations. In reptiles, polyploidy was thought to be restricted to squamates and associated with parthenogenesis. In birds and mammals, true polyploidy has generally been considered absent (non-tolerated). These views are being changed due to an accumulation of new data, and the impact as well as the different evolutionary and ecological implications of polyploidy in tetrapods, deserve a broader evaluation.
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Mo, Lan, Junhao Chen, Xiongzhen Lou, Qiangwei Xu, Renhui Dong, Zaikang Tong, Huahong Huang, and Erpei Lin. "Colchicine-Induced Polyploidy in Rhododendron fortunei Lindl." Plants 9, no. 4 (March 31, 2020): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9040424.

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Polyploidy in Rhododendron fortunei has great potential to improve its horticultural and commercial value, and to also meet market demands. In this study, a feasible method for polyploid induction in R. fortunei via colchicine treatment was established, and the obtained polyploid plants were identified and characterized. As a result, the stem bases of tissue-cultured plantlets treated with 0.1% colchicine for 24 h showed the highest polyploid induction with a rate of 36.67%. By flow cytometric analysis, 69 tetraploids and 29 octoploids were identified in the regenerated plants that were examined. Phenotypic analysis indicated that the leaves of tetraploid and octoploid plants were smaller, rounder and thicker with more abundant and longer epidermal hairs than those of diploids. Furthermore, the stomata of polyploids were larger and sparser than those of diploids. An increase in chlorophyll content was also detected in polyploids, which resulted in darker green leaves. In conclusion, our study established an effective method to induce polyploidy in R. fortunei, which could be used to develop new genetic resources for breeding R. fortunei and other Rhododendron species in the future.
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Chao, Yi-Shan, Ho-Yih Liu, Yu-Chung Chiang, and Wen-Liang Chiou. "Polyploidy and Speciation in Pteris (Pteridaceae)." Journal of Botany 2012 (March 14, 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/817920.

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The highest frequency of polyploidy among plants is considered to occur in the Pteridophytes. In this study, we focused on polyploidy displayed by a specific fern taxon, the genus Pteris L. (Pteridaceae), comprising over 250 species. Cytological data from 106 Pteris species were reviewed. The base number of chromosomes in Pteris is 29. Polyploids are frequently found in Pteris, including triploids, tetraploids, pentaploids, hexaploids, and octoploids. In addition, an aneuploid species, P. deltodon Bak., has been recorded. Furthermore, the relationship between polyploidy and reproductive biology is reviewed. Among these 106 Pteris species, 60% exhibit polyploidy: 22% show intraspecific polyploidy and 38% result from polyploid speciation. Apogamous species are common in Pteris. Diploids are the most frequent among Pteris species, and they can be sexual or apogamous. Triploids are apogamous; tetraploids are sexual or apogamous. Most Pteris species have one to two ploidy levels. The diverse ploidy levels suggest that these species have a complex evolutionary history and their taxonomic problems require further clarification.
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Rauf, Saeed, Rodomiro Ortiz, Dariusz P. Malinowski, Wellington Ronildo Clarindo, Wardah Kainat, Muhammad Shehzad, Ummara Waheed, and Syed Wasim Hassan. "Induced Polyploidy: A Tool for Forage Species Improvement." Agriculture 11, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11030210.

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Polyploidy means having more than two basic sets of chromosomes. Polyploid plants may be artificially obtained through chemical, physical and biological (2n gametes) methods. This approach allows an increased gene scope and expression, thus resulting in phenotypic changes such as yield and product quality. Nonetheless, breeding new cultivars through induced polyploidy should overcome deleterious effects that are partly contributed by genome and epigenome instability after polyploidization. Furthermore, shortening the time required from early chromosome set doubling to the final selection of high yielding superior polyploids is a must. Despite these hurdles, plant breeders have successfully obtained polyploid bred-germplasm in broad range of forages after optimizing methods, concentration and time, particularly when using colchicine. These experimental polyploids are a valuable tool for understanding gene expression, which seems to be driven by dosage dependent gene expression, altered gene regulation and epigenetic changes. Isozymes and DNA-based markers facilitated the identification of rare alleles for particular loci when compared with diploids, and also explained their heterozygosity, phenotypic plasticity and adaptability to diverse environments. Experimentally induced polyploid germplasm could enhance fresh herbage yield and quality, e.g., leaf protein content, leaf total soluble solids, water soluble carbohydrates and sucrose content. Offspring of experimentally obtained hybrids should undergo selection for several generations to improve their performance and stability.
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Martinez-Perez, Enrique, Peter J. Shaw, and Graham Moore. "Polyploidy Induces Centromere Association." Journal of Cell Biology 148, no. 2 (January 24, 2000): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.148.2.233.

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Many species exhibit polyploidy. The presence of more than one diploid set of similar chromosomes in polyploids can affect the assortment of homologous chromosomes, resulting in unbalanced gametes. Therefore, a mechanism is required to ensure the correct assortment and segregation of chromosomes for gamete formation. Ploidy has been shown to affect gene expression. We present in this study an example of a major effect on a phenotype induced by ploidy within the Triticeae. We demonstrate that centromeres associate early during anther development in polyploid species. In contrast, centromeres in diploid species only associate at the onset of meiotic prophase. We propose that this mechanism provides a potential route by which chromosomes can start to be sorted before meiosis in polyploids. This explains previous reports indicating that meiotic prophase is shorter in polyploids than in their diploid progenitors. Even artificial polyploids exhibit this phenotype, suggesting that the mechanism must be present in diploids, but only expressed in the presence of more than one diploid set of chromosomes.
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Thomas, Gregg W. C., S. Hussain Ather, and Matthew W. Hahn. "Gene-Tree Reconciliation with MUL-Trees to Resolve Polyploidy Events." Systematic Biology 66, no. 6 (April 28, 2017): 1007–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syx044.

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Abstract Polyploidy can have a huge impact on the evolution of species, and it is a common occurrence, especially in plants. The two types of polyploids—autopolyploids and allopolyploids—differ in the level of divergence between the genes that are brought together in the new polyploid lineage. Because allopolyploids are formed via hybridization, the homoeologous copies of genes within them are at least as divergent as orthologs in the parental species that came together to form them. This means that common methods for estimating the parental lineages of allopolyploidy events are not accurate, and can lead to incorrect inferences about the number of gene duplications and losses. Here, we have adapted an algorithm for topology-based gene-tree reconciliation to work with multi-labeled trees (MUL-trees). By definition, MUL-trees have some tips with identical labels, which makes them a natural representation of the genomes of polyploids. Using this new reconciliation algorithm we can: accurately place allopolyploidy events on a phylogeny, identify the parental lineages that hybridized to form allopolyploids, distinguish between allo-, auto-, and (in most cases) no polyploidy, and correctly count the number of duplications and losses in a set of gene trees. We validate our method using gene trees simulated with and without polyploidy, and revisit the history of polyploidy in data from the clades including both baker’s yeast and bread wheat. Our re-analysis of the yeast data confirms the allopolyploid origin and parental lineages previously identified for this group. The method presented here should find wide use in the growing number of genomes from species with a history of polyploidy. [Polyploidy; reconciliation; whole-genome duplication.]
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Polyploidy"

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Martin, Nicola Claire. "Polyploidy in murine hepatocytes." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24910.

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This thesis has looked at various aspects of polyploidisation in the mouse liver to obtain more information about the function of polyploidisation: The effect of the non-genotoxic carcinogen, sodium phenobarbitone (PB) on ploidy and proliferation was determined over 21 days in p53 wild type (+/+), p53 +/- and p53 null (-/-) mice. PB induced a significant increase in the proportion of 8n nuclei and this increase occurred independently of p53. Whether polyploidisation occurs as a protective mechanism or acceleration of ageing in this case is unknown. However, the results confirm that the p53 +/- mouse model, often used in short-term bioassays, may not be suitable for the identification of non-genotoxic carcinogens. The function of polyploidy with respect to increasing cell size, receptor expression and susceptibility to apoptosis was also studied. The first accurate measure of volume of isolated hepatocytes differing in ploidy and nuclearity was carried out using confocal image analysis. The increase in volume associated with increasing DNA content was found to be proportional to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) surface expression, measured by flow cytometry. Apoptosis induced by interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in culture did not occur preferentially in polyploid hepatocytes. This would suggest that the susceptibility of polyploid cells to apoptosis depends on the circumstances. Analysis of gene expression in the different hepatocyte populations also provides information regarding the function of polyploid cells. Evaluation of the effect of fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS) and Hoechst 33342 on RNA from sorted hepatocytes found that the quality was not affected by the procedure and the RNA was suitable for subsequent gene expression analysis. Initial experiments using microarray and real-time PCR identified several genes that were induced or repressed in cells containing greater amounts of DNA. Further biological studies will hopefully determine whether these genes are important to the function or maintenance of polyploidy in hepatocytes.
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St, Onge Kate. "Demography and Polyploidy in Capsella." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Evolutionär funktionsgenomik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-136696.

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Studies of demography and population structure give insight into important evolutionary processes such as speciation and diversification. In the present work I perform such studies in the genus Capsella, which has three species: C. grandiflora, an outcrossing diploid, C. rubella a selfing diploid, and C. bursa-pastoris a selfing tetraploid. These three species make a good model system for evolutionary studies because they encompass two major plant evolutionary processes: mating system shifts and polyploidization. To conduct my studies I have gathered a large number of samples across the distributions of each species and scored them both phenotypically and genotypically: more specifically we measured flowering time and collected DNA sequence data. In the tetraploid C. bursa-pastoris we applied an association mapping approach which takes population structure into account to search for genetic variation associated with variation in flowering time. Flowering time is an important and highly adaptive trait which is frequently subject to natural selection. We found evidence of association between flowering time and several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the flowering locus C (FLC) and cryptochrome 1 (CRY1). In the case of FLC these SNPs code for nonconsensus splice site variation in one of the two copies of the gene. The SNPs could potentially have functional consequences and our results imply that non-functionalization of duplicate genes could be an important source of phenotypic variation. Using a novel coalescent based approach, we investigated the polyploid origin of C. bursa-pastoris and find evidence supporting a recent autopolyploid origin of this species. In the two diploid species, I use sequence data to investigate population structure and demographic history and to assess the effects of selfing on C. rubella. Observed patterns of population structure and genetic diversity in C. rubella can be explained by a combination of both demographic history and mating system. Observed patterns in C. grandiflora suggest that the investigated populations do not deviate strongly from the SNM, which has rarely been found in modern demographic studies. Finally, we investigate the effect of sampling strategy on demographic inference. Extensive sampling both within and across our populations allow us to empirically test the effect of sampling strategy on demographic inference. We complement the empirical analysis with simulations and conclude that the effect of sampling strategy is in many cases weak compared with that of demographic events. Nevertheless, these effects are real and have the potential to lead to false inference and therefore sampling strategy should be carefully considered in demographic studies.
Felaktigt tryckt som Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 725
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Martinez, Perez Enrique. "Centromeres, polyploidy and chromosome pairing." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365011.

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Tack, David Christopher. "The evolution of alternative splicing after polyploidy." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/57835.

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Gene and genome duplications have made major contributions to the genomes of eukaryotes. Alternative splicing modulates gene expression and alters protein function. First, I examine alternative splicing patterns in the allopolyploid Brassica napus, revealing that the genome-wide trends of alternative splicing in duplicated genes of an evolutionarily new allotetraploid plant are very similar overall to those found in Arabidopsis thaliana. Within Brassica napus, I show that the alternative splicing patterns of the reunited homeologs are not well conserved, highlighting that alternative splicing is a rapidly evolving aspect of gene expression. Second, using Arabidopsis thaliana, I investigated the divergence of alternative splicing between paralogs, revealing about 30% qualitative conservation of alternative splicing events. I determined that qualitatively conserved events most often are not quantitatively conserved, indicating either incomplete divergence or specialization. I examined the duplicate gene pair of CCA1/LHY in detail, showing a case of subfunctionalization of alternative splicing after gene duplication that has implications for the cold response pathway of A. thaliana. By analyzing a transcriptome data set from nonsense mediated decay mutants, I showed that alternative splicing mediated nonsense mediated decay has significantly diverged between both pairs of whole genome and pairs of tandem duplicates. Third, I investigated the immediate effects of allopolyploidzation on gene expression and alternative splicing using three resynthesized Brassica napus lines. Many of the effects of allopolyploidization are repeatable, however some changes to gene expression and alternative splicing are unique to an instance of polyploidy. In all three polyploids surveyed, intron retention events that changed their frequency did so in an overwhelmingly negative fashion (i.e. the levels of alternatively spliced transcripts went down) and the majority of these changes were parallel between polyploids. Other classes of alternative splicing events showed a far more balanced set of changes in response to polyploidy. Natural B. napus showed significantly more increases in intron retention frequency vs. the parental species than any of the resynthesized lines. I assert that much of the changes in levels of alternatively spliced transcripts can be attributed the stochastic nature of polyploidization.
Science, Faculty of
Botany, Department of
Graduate
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Arvanitis, Leena. "Plant polyploidy and interactions with insect herbivores /." Stockholm : Department of Botany, Stockholm University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7154.

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Nelson, Allan Dale. "Polyploid evolution in Chelone (Scrophulariaceae) /." Full-text version available from OU Domain via ProQuest Digital Dissertations, 1995.

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Nosrati-Koloujeh, Houshang. "Apomixis, hybridisation, polyploidy and crossability in the genus Fragaria." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430057.

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The relationship of parental genetic distance with cross success and progeny fitness was investigated in crosses made within diploid Fragaria.  The mean values for all three components of success rate of crosses (measured as berry set, achene set and seed germination) at intra- and interspecific levels were not correlated with parental genetic distance.  While mean berry set and seed germination at cross types was not affected by parental genetic distance, mean achene set was higher in crosses with intermediate genetic distance and lower in crosses between both more closely and more distantly related taxa, suggesting both inbreeding and outbreeding depression effect on achene set. Three components of progeny fitness (assessed as progeny flowering frequency, berry set and pollen sterility) were strongly correlated with parental genetic distance in both intra- and interspecific crosses.  By increasing parental genetic distance, flowering frequency and berry set consistently decreased while pollen sterility increased.  Therefore, outbreeding depression has strongly affected all three components of progeny fitness.  Marked outbreeding depression was evident on flowering frequency and berry set at very short genetic distances between subspecies, and even within subspecies at forma levels, while it was not evident in pollen sterility of progeny at short genetic distance within subspecies. Highly male sterile plants were found among progeny from crosses within F. vesca ssp. Vesca.  As the plants had high levels of berry set, the occurrence of high male sterility among progeny from more closely related taxa could be interpreted as a result of hermaphroditism suppression and evidence of a trend towards gynodioecy in this taxon.
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Larsson, Anders. "Systematics of Woodsia : Ferns, bioinformatics and more." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Systematisk biologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-232233.

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Ferns are one of the three main clades of vascular plants. They have few easily studied morphological characters, reflected in a historically unstable classification. The fern genus Woodsia is known to have a complex evolutionary history including numerous polyploid taxa and hybrids. It is a cosmopolitan group of small rock loving ferns mainly found in montane areas. This thesis aims at analyzing the patterns of diploid and polyploid evolution in Woodsia and to resolve and classify the relationships of Woodsiaceae and the other families in the large fern clade Eupolypods II. The Eupolypods II family relationships were inferred with DNA sequences from 81 specimens representing all major lineages. This resulted in the first well supported phylogeny of this clade and revealed Woodsiaceae to be non-monophyletic. The genera previously placed in this family were reclassified into five new or resurrected families. Swedish fern genera that have changed family classification are Woodsia (hällebräknar), now in the monogeneric family Woodsiaceae, Athyrium (majbräknar), now  in Athyriaceeae and Cystopteris (stenbräknar) and Gymnocarpium (ekbräknar) now in Cystopteridaceae. To analyze the evolution of Woodsia, phylogenies were produced from five plastid and two nuclear regions sequenced from 188 specimens. The results show that most taxa in Woodsia are polyploid. Polyploidization is the most common mode of speciation in the genus with an estimated polyploid speciation rate of 54%. The polyploids are mostly young and many of the polyploid taxa seem to have formed multiple times. The results also address several taxonomic and biogeographic questions. In the process of the work we made methodological advancements and developed 20 new low copy nuclear marker regions as well as a software pipeline for finding primers in transcriptome datasets. The alignment editor software AliView was developed for handling the increasing size datasets in a user friendly way. In conclusion this thesis provides new insights into the complexities of the evolution of a fern genus in which much of the diversity is accommodated in young species formed through polyploidization. It provides a framework of phylogenetic relationships at different levels that both answers long standing questions and generates new ones.
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Rausch, Joseph Howard. "The evolution of selfing, inbreeding depression, and polyploidy in the Claytonia perfoliata complex (Portulacaceae)." Online access for everyone, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2008/j_rausch_042508.pdf.

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Lundmark, Magnus. "Evolution of asexuality in insects : Polyploidy, hybridization and geographical parthenogenesis." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-980.

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Books on the topic "Polyploidy"

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Van de Peer, Yves, ed. Polyploidy. New York, NY: Springer US, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2561-3.

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Soltis, Pamela S., and Douglas E. Soltis, eds. Polyploidy and Genome Evolution. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31442-1.

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Dar, Tanvir-Ul-Hassan, and Reiaz-Ul Rehman. Polyploidy: Recent Trends and Future Perspectives. New Delhi: Springer India, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3772-3.

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Allen, Standish K. Hatchery manual for producing triploid oysters. Seattle, Wash: Washington Sea Grant Program, 1989.

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Katō, Juntarō. Engei shokubutsu no baisūka. Kariya-shi: Aichi Kyōiku Daigaku Shuppankai, 2009.

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Chen, Z. Jeffrey, and James A. Birchler, eds. Polyploid and Hybrid Genomics. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118552872.

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V, Uryvaeva I., and Brodskiĭ, V. I͡A. Kletochnai͡a poliploidii͡a., eds. Genome multiplication in growth and development: Biology of polyploid and polytene cells. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press, 1985.

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Brodskii, V. I. A. Genome multiplication in growth and development: Biology of polyploid and polytene cells. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.

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Puhal'skiy, Vitaliy. Introduction to Genetics. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1019851.

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The textbook outlines the cytological foundations of heredity, the regularities of Mendelian genetics, the chromosomal theory of heredity, the basics of molecular genetics and genetic engineering, the patterns of inheritance during distant hybridization, polyplodia and mutagenesis. Special attention is paid to the heterosis and genetics of populations. A significant part of the data is presented in the form of figures, diagrams, graphs and tables that facilitate the understanding of the material presented. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students of higher educational institutions studying in agronomic specialties.
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Cayrol, Christian. Recherches sur l'expression fonctionnelle de génomes diploide et polyploides chez l'amphibien urodele pleurodeles waltl. Grenoble: A.N.R.T, Université Pierre Mendes France (Grenoble II), 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Polyploidy"

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Frank, J. Howard, J. Howard Frank, Michael C. Thomas, Allan A. Yousten, F. William Howard, Robin M. Giblin-davis, John B. Heppner, et al. "Polyploidy." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 2997. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_3060.

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Doolittle, Donald P. "Polyploidy." In Advanced Series in Agricultural Sciences, 53–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71734-5_11.

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Dar, Tanvir-Ul-Hassan, and Reiaz-Ul Rehman. "Introduction to Polyploidy." In Polyploidy: Recent Trends and Future Perspectives, 1–13. New Delhi: Springer India, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3772-3_1.

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Dar, Tanvir-Ul-Hassan, and Reiaz-Ul Rehman. "Origin of Polyploidy." In Polyploidy: Recent Trends and Future Perspectives, 15–29. New Delhi: Springer India, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3772-3_2.

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Dar, Tanvir-Ul-Hassan, and Reiaz-Ul Rehman. "Occurrence of Polyploidy." In Polyploidy: Recent Trends and Future Perspectives, 31–42. New Delhi: Springer India, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3772-3_3.

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Dar, Tanvir-Ul-Hassan, and Reiaz-Ul Rehman. "Detection of Polyploidy." In Polyploidy: Recent Trends and Future Perspectives, 43–52. New Delhi: Springer India, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3772-3_4.

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Dar, Tanvir-Ul-Hassan, and Reiaz-Ul Rehman. "Significance of Polyploidy." In Polyploidy: Recent Trends and Future Perspectives, 53–68. New Delhi: Springer India, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3772-3_5.

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Diego-Alvarez, Dan, and Wendy P. Robinson. "Aneuploidy and Polyploidy." In The Placenta, 270–77. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444393927.ch35.

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Doyle, Jeff J. "Polyploidy in Legumes." In Polyploidy and Genome Evolution, 147–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31442-1_9.

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van Zwieten, Matthew J., and Carel F. Hollander. "Polyploidy, Liver, Rat." In Digestive System, 83–86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-96910-2_13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Polyploidy"

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Kuznetsova, V. G. "Parthenogenesis and polyploidy in Diptera." In XI Всероссийский диптерологический симпозиум (с международным участием). Санкт-Петербург: Русское энтомологическое общество, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47640/978-5-00105-586-0_2020_107.

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Mishchenko, S. V. "ARTIFICIALLY INDUCED POLYPLOIDY OF INDUSTRIAL." In MODERN ASPECTS OF NATURAL SCIENCE RESEARCH IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIETY. Baltija Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-395-8-1.

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Andini, Rita, Muhammad Ikhsan Sulaiman, and Ryo Ohsawa. "Natural polyploidy in amaranths (Amaranthus spp.)." In INVENTING PROSPEROUS FUTURE THROUGH BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND TROPICAL BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Biological Science. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5050149.

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Романова, О. В., Т. М. Середин, В. С. Романов, and И. С. Мастяев. "POLYPLOID FORMS OF ONION (Allium cepa L. × Allium fistulosum L.) AND GARLIC (Allium sativum L.)." In Биотехнология в растениеводстве, животноводстве и сельскохозяйственной микробиологии, 114–15. Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.48397/arriab.2021.21.xxi.066.

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Полиплоидия играет важную роль в формировании культурных растений. В роде Allium большинство видов обладают полиплоидным числом хромосом, а некоторые виды образуют полиплоидные ряды. Лук репчатый (Allium cepa L.) относится к диплоидным формам. Тогда как A nutans L., A. odorum L., A. schoenoprasum L. являются полиплоидными видами, обладающим рядом ценных признаков, такие как хорошая зимостойкость и устойчивость к пероноспорозу. Однако из-за разного количества хромосом эти виды очень трудно скрещиваются с луком репчатым. Для улучшения скрещиваемости используют метод полиплоидизации, который позволяет кратно увеличить число хромосом, то есть перевести исходные формы к одинаковому уровню плоидности (Полумордвинова, Марьяхина, 1985). Polyploidy plays an important role in the formation of cultivated plants. In the genus Allium, most species have a polyploid number of chromosomes, and some species form polyploid series. Bulb onion (Allium cepa L.) refers to diploid forms. Whereas A nutans L., A. odorum L., A. schoenoprasum L. are polyploid species with a number of valuable traits, such as good winter hardiness and resistance to downy mildew. However, due to the different number of chromosomes, these species are very difficult to interbreed with onions. To improve crossability, the polyploidization method is used, which makes it possible to multiply the number of chromosomes, that is, to transfer the original forms to the same level of ploidy (Polummordvinova, Maryakhina, 1985).
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Fothergill, Amy, and Mark Burkard. "Abstract 1927: Polyploidy across breast cancer subtypes." In Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-1927.

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Batiru, Grigorii, Andrei Palii, Galina Comarova, and Dumitru Cojocari. "Polyploidy in maize breeding for grain quality." In XIth International Congress of Geneticists and Breeders from the Republic of Moldova. Scientific Association of Geneticists and Breeders of the Republic of Moldova, Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Moldova State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/cga11.2021.050.

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"Adaptation to polyploidy in Siberian Arabidopsis lyrata." In Bioinformatics of Genome Regulation and Structure/Systems Biology (BGRS/SB-2022) :. Institute of Cytology and Genetics, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/sbb-2022-356.

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Mazrouee, Sepideh, and Wei Wang. "HapColor: A graph coloring framework for polyploidy phasing." In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bibm.2015.7359663.

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Polyudina, R., and V. Grishin. "METHODS OF CREATING SIBERIAN VARIETIES OF MEADOW CLOVER FOR THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX OF RUSSIA." In The state and problems of agricultural science in Yenisei Siberia, 59–63. Krasnoyarsk Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture is a separate division of the Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.52686/9785605087908_59.

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To increase the volume of production of vegetable protein feeds meadow clover plays an important role. Under the conditions of Western Siberia varieties were created: by the method of polycross – late-ripening type on a diploid basis SibNIIK 10, Rodnik Sibiri, Atlant; by the method of selections based on conjugate characteristics, the Ogonek variety was created; together with the V.R. Williams Federal Research Center, as a result of a combination of methods of mutagenesis, polyploidy, hybridization and selections, the Meteor variety, early-ripening type was created on a tetraploid basis; as a result of a combination of hybridization and selection methods; a Prima – early-ripening type variety on a diploid basis; the early-maturing Assol variety on a tetraploid basis was created by hybridization, polyploidy and selection; in Pamyati Lisicyna, the tetraploid early-maturing type was created by ecological selection.
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Vilgelm, Anna E., C. Andrew Johnson, Kiran Malikayil, Dayanidhi Raman, David Flaherty, Brian Higgins, and Ann Richmond. "Abstract 513: The link between polyploidy and replication stress in melanoma." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2017; April 1-5, 2017; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-513.

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Reports on the topic "Polyploidy"

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Tel-Zur, Neomi, and Jeffrey J. Doyle. Role of Polyploidy in Vine Cacti Speciation and Crop Domestication. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697110.bard.

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1. Abstract: Over the past 25 years, vine cacti of the genera Hylocereus and Selenicereus have been introduced into Israel and southern California as new exotic fruit crops. The importance of these crops lies in their high water use efficiency and horticultural potential as exotic fruit crops. Our collaboration focused on the cytological, molecular and evolutionary aspects of vine cacti polyploidization to confront the agricultural challenge of genetic improvement, ultimately to improve success of vine cacti as commercial fruit crop plants. More specifically, we worked on the: 1- Identification of the putative ancestor(s) of the tetraploid H. megalanthus; 2- Determination of the number of origins of H. megalanthus (single vs. multiple origins of polyploidy); 3- Cytogenetic analysis of BC1 and F1 hybrids; 4- Determination of important agricultural traits and the selection of superior hybrids for cultivation. The plant material used in this study comprised interspecific Hylocereus F1 and first backcross (BC1) hybrids, nine Hylocereus species (58 genotypes), nine Selenicereus species (14 genotypes), and four Epiphyllum genotypes. Two BC1 hexaploids (BC-023 and BC-031) were obtained, a high ploidy level that can be explained only by a fertilization event between one unreduced female gamete from the triploid hybrid and a balanced gamete from the pollen donor, the diploid H. monacanthus. These findings are scientific evidence that support the possibility that “hybridization followed by chromosome doubling” could also occur in nature. Cytomixis, the migration of chromatin between adjacent cells through connecting cytoplasmatic channels, was observed in vine cacti hybrids and may thus imply selective DNA elimination in response to the allopolyploidization process. Evidence from plastid and nrDNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS) sequences support the placement of H. megalanthus within a monophyletic Hylocereus group. Furthermore, both plastid and ITS datasets are most consistent with a conclusion that this tetraploid species is an autopolyploid, despite observations that the species appears to be morphologically intermediate between Hylocereus and Selenicereus. Although the possibility of very narrow allopolyploidly (i.e., derivation from parents that are barely diverged from each other such as closely related species in the same genus) cannot be ruled out entirely based on our data (in part due to the unavailability of Hylocereus species considered to be morphologically the closest relatives of H. megalanthus), the possibility of H. megalanthus representing an intergeneric cross (i.e., Hylocereus × Selenicereus) seems extremely unlikely. Interestingly, the process of homogenization of ITS sequences (concerted evolution) is either incomplete or lacking in both Hylocereus and Selenicereus, and the inclusion of several artificial hybrids in the molecular study revealed the potential for biparental plastid inheritance in Hylocereus. The most important agricultural implication of this research project was the information collected for F1 and BC1 hybrids. Specifically, this project concluded with the selection of four superior hybrids in terms of fruit quality and potential yields under extreme high temperatures. These selected hybrids are self-compatible, avoiding the need for hand cross pollination to set fruits, thus reducing manpower costs. We recently offered these hybrids to growers in Israel for prioritized rapid evaluation and characterization.
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Buckler, Edward S., Michael D. Casler, and Jerome H. Cherney. Developing Association Mapping in Polyploid Perennial Biofuel Grasses: Final Technical Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1033499.

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Adelberg, Jeff, Halina Skorupska, Bill Rhodes, Yigal Cohen, and Rafael Perl-Treves. Interploid Hybridization of Cucumis melo and C. metuliferus. United States Department of Agriculture, December 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7580673.bard.

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The long-term motivation for this research is to transfer useful traits from a broad based gene pool of wild species into the narrow base of a cultivated crop in Cucumis. Our primary focus was to use polyploid prior to fertilization as a tool to overcome fertility barriers in the cross between C. melo and C. metuliferus. In conducting this research, we explored all combinations of tetraploid and diploid parents, in reciprocal combinations. Pollinations were made in both the field and greenhouse, using emasculated flowers, moneocious females, and open pollination by insect vectors, with morphological selection criteria. After observations of thousands of ovaries, we still have no definitive proof that this hybridization yielded viable embryos. The most promising results came from using tetraploid C. metuliferus, as the maternal parent in the interspecific hybridization, that set fruit were seeds contained small embryos that did not germinate. To obtain fruit set, it was important to rear plants in a cooler sunny greenhouse, as would be found in late winter/early spring. A second interspecific hybrid between wild and cultivated Cucumis, C. hystrix x C. sativus, yielded fertile progeny for the first time, while concomitantly working toward our primary goal. Two distinct treatments were necessary; 1) special plant husbandry was necessary to have the wild species produce fruit in cultivation, and 2) embryo rescue followed by chromosome doubling in vitro was required for fertility restoration. Backcrosses to crop species and resistance to nematodes are compelling areas for further work.
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Hovav, Ran, Peggy Ozias-Akins, and Scott A. Jackson. The genetics of pod-filling in peanut under water-limiting conditions. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597923.bard.

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Pod-filling, an important yield-determining stage is strongly influenced by water stress. This is particularly true for peanut (Arachishypogaea), wherein pods are developed underground and are directly affected by the water condition. Pod-filling in peanut has a significant genetic component as well, since genotypes are considerably varied in their pod-fill (PF) and seed-fill (SF) potential. The goals of this research were to: Examine the effects of genotype, irrigation, and genotype X irrigation on PF and SF. Detect global changes in mRNA and metabolites levels that accompany PF and SF. Explore the response of the duplicate peanut pod transcriptome to drought stress. Study how entire duplicated PF regulatory processes are networked within a polyploid organism. Discover locus-specific SNP markers and map pod quality traits under different environments. The research included genotypes and segregating populations from Israel and US that are varied in PF, SF and their tolerance to water deficit. Initially, an extensive field trial was conducted to investigate the effects of genotype, irrigation, and genotype X irrigation on PF and SF. Significant irrigation and genotypic effect was observed for the two main PF related traits, "seed ratio" and "dead-end ratio", demonstrating that reduction in irrigation directly influences the developing pods as a result of low water potential. Although the Irrigation × Genotype interaction was not statistically significant, one genotype (line 53) was found to be more sensitive to low irrigation treatments. Two RNAseq studies were simultaneously conducted in IL and the USA to characterize expression changes that accompany shell ("source") and seed ("sink") biogenesis in peanut. Both studies showed that SF and PF processes are very dynamic and undergo very rapid change in the accumulation of RNA, nutrients, and oil. Some genotypes differ in transcript accumulation rates, which can explain their difference in SF and PF potential; like cvHanoch that was found to be more enriched than line 53 in processes involving the generation of metabolites and energy at the beginning of seed development. Interestingly, an opposite situation was found in pericarp development, wherein rapid cell wall maturation processes were up-regulated in line 53. Although no significant effect was found for the irrigation level on seed transcriptome in general, and particularly on subgenomic assignment (that was found almost comparable to a 1:1 for A- and B- subgenomes), more specific homoeologous expression changes associated with particular biosynthesis pathways were found. For example, some significant A- and B- biases were observed in particular parts of the oil related gene expression network and several candidate genes with potential influence on oil content and SF were further examined. Substation achievement of the current program was the development and application of new SNP detection and mapping methods for peanut. Two major efforts on this direction were performed. In IL, a GBS approach was developed to map pod quality traits on Hanoch X 53 F2/F3 generations. Although the GBS approach was found to be less effective for our genetic system, it still succeeded to find significant mapping locations for several traits like testa color (linkage A10), number of seeds/pods (A5) and pod wart resistance (B7). In the USA, a SNP array was developed and applied for peanut, which is based on whole genome re-sequencing of 20 genotypes. This chip was used to map pod quality related traits in a Tifrunner x NC3033 RIL population. It was phenotyped for three years, including a new x-ray method to phenotype seed-fill and seed density. The total map size was 1229.7 cM with 1320 markers assigned. Based on this linkage map, 21 QTLs were identified for the traits 16/64 weight, kernel percentage, seed and pod weight, double pod and pod area. Collectively, this research serves as the first fundamental effort in peanut for understanding the PF and SF components, as a whole, and as influenced by the irrigation level. Results of the proposed study will also generate information and materials that will benefit peanut breeding by facilitating selection for reduced linkage drag during introgression of disease resistance traits into elite cultivars. BARD Report - Project4540 Page 2 of 10
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