Journal articles: 'Polypropylene composite'

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Panumati, S., T. Amornsakchai, and C. Ramesh. "F-9 HIGH STRENGTH POLYPROPYLENE FIBER FROM POLYPROPYLENE/CLAY COMPOSITE(Session: Composites II)." Proceedings of the Asian Symposium on Materials and Processing 2006 (2006): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeasmp.2006.124.

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Wu, Yu Jiao, and Chun Ping Yang. "The Outdoor Aging Properties of Polypropylene/Mica Composite." Applied Mechanics and Materials 670-671 (October 2014): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.670-671.177.

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In this paper, In this paper, polypropylene / mica composites were prepared by blending, using polypropylene (PP) as matrix, mica as filler. In order to study the anti-aging properties of polypropylene / mica composite materials, the above polypropylene / mica composite materials were placed outside to study the influence of natural aging time on the anti-aging properties and to explore the natural aging mechanism of polypropylene / mica composites. Natural aging research results show that:with the extension of the natural aging time the surface of materials will appear cracks and sheddings. The trends of tensile strength reduce at first, then increase and then decrease; the notched impact toughness values show fluctuating in the early aging, then an increase following and then decreasing.The increase of mica content are good for maintaining the mechanical properties of PP / mica composite, PP-g-MAH helps to maintain the tensile strength, while toughening POE-g-MAH will weaken the anti-aging properties of polypropylene / mica composite materials.

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Jang, Myung Geun, Choonglai Cho, and Woo Nyon Kim. "Synergistic effects of hybrid conductive fillers on the electrical properties of carbon fiber pultruded polypropylene/polycarbonate composites prepared by injection molding." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 7 (July 28, 2016): 1005–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998316658536.

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In this study, the effects of filler characteristics and composite preparation methods on the morphology, mechanical property, electrical conductivity, and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of the polypropylene/polycarbonate (70/30, wt%)/hybrid conductive filler composites were investigated. Nickel-coated carbon fiber (NCCF) was used as main filler and TiO2, multi-walled carbon nanotube, and graphite were used as second fillers in the composites. The pultruded NCCF/polypropylene composite was used in the preparation of the polypropylene/polycarbonate/NCCF/second filler composites. The electrical conductivity and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of the polypropylene/polycarbonate/NCCF/second filler composites were compared with the type of second filler. The superior value of electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness was observed to be 51.6 dB (decibel) when the hybrid fillers such as NCCF (5.2 vol% or 20 wt%) and TiO2 (1.2 vol% or 5 wt%) were added in the polypropylene/polycarbonate (70/30) composite. The electrical properties of the polypropylene/polycarbonate (70/30)/NCCF/TiO2 composites was compared with the composite preparation methods, which were injection molding and screw extrusion. The results suggested that fiber length of the NCCF affected significantly to the electrical conductivity and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of the polypropylene/polycarbonate (70/30)/NCCF/TiO2 composites.

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Han, Zhi Jia, Sheng Fei Shen, and Zai Yuan Li. "Study on Preparation of Nanocarbon Black-Polypropylene Electric Conduction Composite Materials." Advanced Materials Research 785-786 (September 2013): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.785-786.183.

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The paper has learned on the preparation of nanometer carbon black and polypropylene nanocarbon black-polypropylene composite material by using the small extrusion blending mixer which has been designed by our team. The results show that: Resistance of nanometer carbon black - polypropylene composites decreases with increasing carbon black content and extrusion mixing times. Through single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment to determine the optimum process conditions are at 260°C, nanocarbon black content 60%, extrusion mixing times 5. Under these conditions the resistance of nanometer carbon black-get polypropylene composites is 12.73 ohms.

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Chen, Tianran, Dana Kazerooni, Lin Ju, David A. Okonski, and Donald G. Baird. "Development of Recyclable and High-Performance In Situ Hybrid TLCP/Glass Fiber Composites." Journal of Composites Science 4, no. 3 (August 24, 2020): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs4030125.

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By combining the concepts of in situ thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (TLCP) composites and conventional fiber composites, a recyclable and high-performance in situ hybrid polypropylene-based composite was successfully developed. The recycled hybrid composite was prepared by injection molding and grinding processes. Rheological and thermal analyses were utilized to optimize the processing temperature of the injection molding process to reduce the melt viscosity and minimize the degradation of polypropylene. The ideal temperature for blending the hybrid composite was found to be 305 °C. The influence of mechanical recycling on the different combinations of TLCP and glass fiber composites was analyzed. When the weight fraction ratio of TLCP to glass fiber was 2 to 1, the hybrid composite exhibited better processability, improved tensile performance, lower mechanical anisotropy, and greater recyclability compared to the polypropylene reinforced by either glass fiber or TLCP alone.

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Homkhiew, Chatree, Thanate Ratanawilai, and Wiriya Thongruang. "Flexural Creep Behavior of Composites from Polypropylene and Rubberwood Flour." Applied Mechanics and Materials 368-370 (August 2013): 736–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.368-370.736.

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The effects of plastic grades and composition contents on creep behavior of extruded composites from polypropylene and rubberwood flour were investigated. Virgin polypropylene gave lower creep strain than recycled polypropylene, both in composites and as unfilled plastic. An increase of rubberwood flour content reduced the creep deformation of the composites, both virgin and recycled plastics. Maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene as a coupling, 5 wt% addition increased the creep strain of the composite materials. Likewise, an addition of 1 wt% ultraviolet (UV) stabilizer content significantly enhanced the creep deformation. The results recommend that the amount of UV stabilizer should be as small as possible to limit its negative effects. Four-element Burger model offered a good fitting on the creep behavior of each composite formulation.

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Taib, Razaina Mat, Nurul Mujahidah Ahmad Khairuddin, and Zainal Arifin Mohd Ishak. "The Influence of AlkaliTreatment and Compatibilizer Addition on the Tensile Properties and Water Absorption Behavior of Polypropylene/Kenaf Fiber Composites." Advanced Materials Research 626 (December 2012): 449–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.626.449.

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Composites of polypropylene (PP) and kenaf fiber (KF) were immersed in water at room temperature. The fiber was treated with alkaline solution. A compatibilizer, maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP) was added in some composite formulations. Composite with alkali treated fibers (KFA) showed similar tensile strength but lower tensile modulus than the composite with untreated fiber, KF. Addition of MAPP was crucial to improve the tensile properties and water resistance of either PP/KF or PP/KFA composites. Alkali treatment adversely affected the water absorption behavior of PP/KF composite.

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Lee, Chao-Yu, and Chia-Wei Chang. "Dielectric Constant Enhancement with Low Dielectric Loss Growth in Graphene Oxide/Mica/Polypropylene Composites." Journal of Composites Science 5, no. 2 (February 8, 2021): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs5020052.

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Polypropylene has been widely used as dielectric material in organic thin-film capacitors due to their high breakdown strength, low dielectric loss and self-healing capability. However, polypropylene’s energy density is relatively low. Increasing the energy density of polypropylene by adding materials with a high dielectric constant is commonly used. Still, it often leads to an increase in dielectric loss, lower dielectric strength and other shortcomings. In this study, a thin 2D platelet of mica/graphene oxide composite material was made from exfoliated mica as a substrate and attached by graphene oxide. The mica/graphene oxide platelets were added to polypropylene to make a plastic dielectric composite. The non-conductive flat inorganic additive can increase the dielectric constant and dielectric strength of the composite without increasing dielectric loss. The tiny mica/graphene oxide platelets can significantly improve the dielectric properties of polypropylene. The results show that by adding a small amount (less than 1 wt%) mica/graphene oxide, the relative dielectric constant of polypropylene can increase to more than 3.7 without causing an increase in dielectric loss and the dielectric strength of polypropylene can also enhance.

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Butylina, Svetlana, Marko Hyvärinen, and Timo Kärki. "Weathering of wood-polypropylene and wood-wollastonite-polypropylene composites containing pigments in Finnish climatic conditions." Pigment & Resin Technology 44, no. 5 (September 7, 2015): 313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-08-2014-0066.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the resistance of wood-polypropylene and wood-wollastonite-polypropylene composites containing pigments to natural weathering. Design/methodology/approach – Natural weathering of composites was conducted in Finnish climatic conditions for one year. The colour of the composites was determined with a spectrophotometer, the morphology of the composite surface was analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the changes in the polymer structure in surface layer of the composites were analysed with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Charpy impact strength was determined with an impact tester. Findings – The pigments used in this study reduced the colour change of the composites exposed to outdoor weathering as compared with the un-coloured composite. The carbon black pigment was more effective than the iron oxide pigment. Moreover, only the carbon black pigment was found to reduce the degradation of the surface layer of the composites. The addition of the carbon black pigment had a positive effect on the dimensional stability of the composites in a water absorption test. Only the combination of the carbon black pigment and wollastonite resulted in a composite which was capable to retain its Charpy impact strength both after one year of outdoor weathering and cyclic treatment. Research limitations/implications – This study is a part of continuous research on the development of wood-polymer composites (WPUs) suitable for outdoor applications in Finnish climatic conditions. The first part of the study, which has been published earlier, showed the results of weathering of composites in accelerated tests in comparison with 1,000 hours outdoor exposure during summer time (June and July). Outdoor weathering limited to 1,000 hours cannot give an objective view on the weathering behaviour of composites in Finnish climatic conditions. The results of the current study were obtained from one-year outdoor exposure of composites. Originality/value – The wood-polypropylene composite made with the combination of the carbon black pigment and wollastonite can be recommended for outdoor applications. The study provides useful information on the resistance of wood-polypropylene composites to weathering in Finnish climatic conditions.

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Jeencham, Rachasit, Nitinat Suppakarn, and Kasama Jarukumjorn. "Effect of Flame Retardant on Flame Retardancy and Mechanical Properties of Glass Fiber/Polypropylene Composites." Advanced Materials Research 264-265 (June 2011): 652–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.264-265.652.

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Composites based on polypropylene and glass fiber were prepared by melt mixing. The effect of magnesium hydroxide as a flame retardant on flammability and thermal behavior of glass fiber/polypropylene composites was studied. Ratio of glass fiber to magnesium hydroxide in each composite sample was varied. Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) was used to improve the interfacial adhesion between polypropylene and fillers. Flammability and thermal behavior of the composites were examined using a horizontal burning test and a thermogravimetric analyzer, respectively. Morphology and mechanical properties of the composites were also investigated. Magnesium hydroxide reduced the flammability while improved thermal decomposition temperature of the polypropylene composites. However, magnesium hydroxide showed a negative impact on the tensile strength of the polypropylene composites.

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AILENEI, EUGEN CONSTANTIN, MARIA CARMEN LOGHIN, MARIANA ICHIM, and ALIN HOBLEA. "New composite materials using polyester woven fabric scraps as reinforcement and thermoplastic matrix." Industria Textila 72, no. 01 (February 28, 2021): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.072.01.1837.

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In this study, polypropylene-based thermoformed composites have been obtained using polyester woven fabric scraps as reinforcement. Four types of matrix have been used for the experiments: biaxially oriented polypropylene bag waste (BOPP), polypropylene nonwoven waste (TNT), 50/50 BOPP/TNT waste and virgin polypropylene fibres (PP). The percentage of matrix has been varied at four levels: 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. The effect of matrix/reinforcement mass ratio and matrix type on the mechanical properties of composite materials has been studied. Since the composite materials are intended to replace the oriented strand boards (OSB) in construction and furniture applications, comparison with the characteristics of 8 mm OSB has been made.

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Gerezgiher, Alula Gebresas, Halefom Aregay Bsrat, Andrea Simon, and Tamás Szabó. "Development and Characterization of Sisal Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composite Materials." International Journal of Engineering and Management Sciences 4, no. 1 (March 3, 2019): 348–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21791/ijems.2019.1.43.

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In most of the developing countries, plastic polypropylene is not fully recycled and converted in-to use after it is once used. Sisal fiber is also widely available in different developing countries like Ethiopia. Adding this two materials and developing automotive interior part was taken as a primary motive for it reduces cost and is environmentally friendly. Thus, the main purpose of this research is to develop composite material from natural fibre (sisal fiber) reinforced with recycled plastic waste (polypropylene) for interior automobile accessories specifically for internal door trim panel application. This research examines effect of fiber length, fiber loading and chemical treatment of fiber on the physical and chemical properties of the sisal fiber reinforced polypropylene (SFRPP) composite material. The waste polypropylene and the treated and untreated sisal fiber with variable length and weight ratio (fiber/matrix ratio) were mixed. Flammability of sisal fiber reinforced Polypropylene (SFRPP) composites material was examined by a horizontal burning test according to ASTM D635 and chemical resistance of the sisal fibre reinforced PP composites was studied using ASTM D543 testing method. The result on the flammability test shows that treated fiber has lower burning rate than untreated fiber and decreases with increase in fiber length and fiber loading. The resistance of the composites to water has increased as the fiber length increases and decreased as the fiber loading increase. Generally, SFRPP composite is found to have better resistance to water than NaOH and H2SO4 and treating the fiber has brought considerable improvement on chemical resistance of the composite. Fiber loading and fiber length has positive and negative effect on the flammability of the SFRPP composite respectively.

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Zhang, P., Q. Li, and Z. Sun. "Effect of polypropylene fibre on flexural properties of concrete composites containing fly ash and silica fume." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 226, no. 2 (February 16, 2012): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420712437637.

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The application of fly ash and silica fume in concrete composites by blending synchronously can improve the mechanical properties of concrete composites. However, the concrete composite becomes much brittle with the usage of fly ash and silica fume. Polypropylene fibre is often used to improve the ductility of concrete composites. This article discusses the effect of polypropylene fibre on the flexural properties of concrete composites containing fly ash and silica fume. Results reveal that the addition of polypropylene fibre can increase the flexural strength and decrease the flexural modulus of elasticity of the concrete composite containing fly ash and silica fume evidently. Furthermore, it is indicated that an increase in the fibre volume fraction leads to an increase in the flexural strength and a decrease in the flexural modulus of elasticity when the fibre volume fraction is not beyond 0.12 per cent. Polypropylene fibre seems to play an important role to improve the ductility of concrete composites containing fly ash and silica fume.

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Alawar, Ahmad, Ahmed M. Hamed, and Khalifa Al-Kaabi. "Date Palm Tree Fiber as Polymeric Matrix Reinforcement, DPF-Polypropylene Composite Characterization." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.193.

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Recently, the interest has increased to recycle things after use. In addition, the pressure of the environment defence organizations has increased in the same direction. Accordingly, the composite industry has begun investigating the possibility of increasing the proportion of recycled or biodegradable composites. This leaded to search about environment eco-friendly reinforcement and resins systems while providing the same performance as their man made counterparts. Natural fibers offer the possibility to play the role of the reinforcing material. In this study, we mix the 25% untreated date palm tree fibers with 75% polypropylene using double screw extruder. Comparison between plane polypropylene and 25 % raw date palm fiber was done. Tensile test and water absorption test were done upon plain polypropylene and 25% raw date palm fiber specimens. Tensile strength of reinforced polypropylene was about 20% lower than plain polypropylene. In the other hand, modulus of elasticity of composite showed an increase of about 30% compared to plane polypropylene. Water absorption was less sound in deterioration of the composite.

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Lei, Wen, and Xiao Ming Jin. "Effects of Modification on Structure and Properties of Ramie Fiber/Polypropylene Composites." Advanced Materials Research 146-147 (October 2010): 441–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.146-147.441.

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Ramie fiber and polypropylene were used as raw materials,ramie fiber/polypropylene composites were prepared by compression molding process,the effects of treating the ramie fiber with silane coupling agent and compatibilizing the composite with maleic anhydride gafted polypropylene(MAPP) on the structure, melting and mechanical properties of the composites were studied，the effects of immersion time in water on the mechanical properties of the composites were also investigated.The results show that,both the modification with coupling agent and by means of compatibilizing agent can strengthen the interfacial bonding between the fiber and matrix in the composite,and also improve its thermal stability.All the modified composites have greater strengths and moduli than the unmodified ones when immersed in water for any periods,especially the impact strength of the MAPP compatibilized composite not only increases with immersion time in water dramatically,but also is improved from that of the unmodified one by 104.84%,239.40%,294.48% and 320.01% respectively when immersed in water for 0,7,14 and 21d.

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Dhanalakshmi, Sampathkumar, Punyamoorthy Ramadevi, and Bennehalli Basavaraju. "A study of the effect of chemical treatments on areca fiber reinforced polypropylene composite properties." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 24, no. 4 (July 26, 2017): 501–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2015-0292.

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AbstractAreca fibers have a great prospect in the polymer composite field since they possess superior properties like being light weight, strong and having high strength-to-weight ratio. In addition, areca fibers are biodegradable, non-toxic and eco-friendly and have low maintenance cost. In this research work, areca fibers were subjected to chemical treatments such as NaOH, KMnO4, C6H5COCl and H2C=CHCOOH to reduce the hydrophilic nature of areca fibers and to improve interfacial adhesion between areca fibers and thermoplastic polypropylene matrix, so that areca-polypropylene composites with improved properties can be obtained. The untreated and all chemically treated areca-polypropylene composites with 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 70% fiber loadings were fabricated by the compression molding technique. Investigations of tensile, flexural and impact properties of areca fiber reinforced polypropylene composites were done under given fiber loadings by following American Standard for Testing Materials (ASTM) standard procedures. Amongst all untreated and chemically treated areca-polypropylene composites, acrylated areca-polypropylene composites with 60% fiber loading showed higher tensile and flexural strength values and with 50% fiber loading showed higher impact strength values. Hence, chemically treated areca-polypropylene composites can be considered as a very promising material for the fabrication of lightweight material industries.

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Pérez, Nerea, Xiao-Lin Qi, Shibin Nie, Pablo Acuña, Ming-Jun Chen, and De-Yi Wang. "Flame Retardant Polypropylene Composites with Low Densities." Materials 12, no. 1 (January 5, 2019): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12010152.

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Polypropylene (PP) is currently widely used in areas requiring lightweight materials because of its low density. Due to the intrinsic flammability, the application of PP is restricted in many conditions. Aluminum trihydroxide (ATH) is reported as a practical flame retardant for PP, but the addition of ATH often diminishes the lightweight advantage of PP. Therefore, in this work, glass bubbles (GB) and octacedylamine-modified zirconium phosphate (mZrP) are introduced into the PP/ATH composite in order to lower the material density and simultaneously maintain/enhance the flame retardancy. A series of PP composites have been prepared to explore the formulation which can endow the composite with balanced flame retardancy, good mechanical properties, and low density. The morphology, thermal stability, flame retardancy, and mechanical properties of the composites were characterized. The results indicated the addition of GB could reduce the density, but decreased the flame retardancy of PP composites at the same time. To overcome this defect, ATH and mZrP with synergetic effect of flame retardancy were added into the composite. The dosage of each additive was optimized for achieving a balance of flame retardancy, good mechanical properties, and density. With 47 wt % ATH, 10 wt % GB, and 3 wt % mZrP, the peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total smoke production (TSP) of the composite PP-4 were reduced by 91% and 78%, respectively. At the same time, increased impact strength was achieved compared with neat PP and the composite with ATH only. Maintaining the flame retardancy and mechanical properties, the density of composite PP-4 (1.27 g·cm−3) is lower than that with ATH only (PP-1, 1.46 g·cm−3). Through this research, we hope to provide an efficient approach to designing flame retardant polypropylene (PP) composites with low density.

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Zulkifli, Nur Izzati, and Noorasikin Samat. "Mechanical Properties of Green Recycled Polypropylene Composites: Effect of Maleic Anhydride Grafted Polypropylene (MAPP) Coupling Agent." Advanced Materials Research 812 (September 2013): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.812.187.

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Recycled polypropylene/microcrystalline cellulose (rPP/MCC) composites were prepared by adding different loadings of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) coupling agent. The tensile, impact and morphological properties of the composites were investigated. The obtained results show that the tensile and impact strengths of the composites were significantly enhanced with the addition of MAPP loading from 2 to 5 wt%, as compared with unfilled rPP/MCC composites. However, it was found that at low filler content, different amounts of MAPP resulted in no appreciable change in the tensile strength and modulus. Moreover, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results indicated that, increasing the amount of MAPP loading from 2 to 5 wt% in rPP/MCC provide better stiffness of the composite compared to those neat rPP and neat PP. Field emission scanning microscopy (FESEM) has shown that the composite, with MAPP loading, promotes better fibermatrix interaction.

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Bas, Ayse B., Oktay Yilmaz, Anil Ibis, Mustafa Dogu, Kadir Kirkkopru, and Fatma S. Guner. "Melt flow properties of graphite nanoplatelets-filled polypropylene." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 19 (October 21, 2016): 2793–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998316675502.

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Rheological behavior of polypropylene/graphite nanoplatelet composites of varying content, temperature, and filler shape was investigated by capillary and rotational rheometers. Scanning electron microscope images were taken in order to examine the filler shape and interaction between fillers and polymer matrix. Viscosity measurements of polypropylene/graphite composites showed shear thinning behavior like neat polypropylene. Filler inclusion resulted in increase in shear viscosity and shear thinning behavior of composites. The effect of filler concentration on viscosity is more appreciable in the low shear rate region. PP/graphite nanoplatelet composites with larger interface between filler and polymer matrix were of greater shear viscosity values through the entire shear rate range. However, filler morphology did not affect shear viscosity in high shear rate region remarkably. Composite viscosity as a function of volume fraction was modeled by Maron–Pierce equation. As temperature increased, shear viscosities of polypropylene/graphite composites and neat PP melt decreased. Temperature has less effect on composite viscosity than on neat PP viscosity due to the restricting effect of fillers on polymer molecules.

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Yunus, Robiah Bt, N. H. Zahari, M. A. M. Salleh, and Nor Azowa Ibrahim. "Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polypropylene Composites." Key Engineering Materials 471-472 (February 2011): 652–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.471-472.652.

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In this paper, the mechanical properties of carbon fiber polypropylene composites prepared under various process conditions were investigated. Two different types of polypropylene composites were produced by mixing and compressing the mixtures using hot press. The mixture was prepared by mixing polypropylene with chopped carbon fiber and carbon fiber percentage (wt%) was varied. Mechanical properties investigated were tensile test, impact test, bending test and density test. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was employed to study the morphology of the composites. The highest tensile strength was obtained for polypropylene (MFI 60) composites reinforced with 10 wt% carbon fiber. The composite also exhibited the best tensile and flexural properties.

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Gao, Jing Long, and Yan Hui Liu. "Thermal and Electrical Properties of Polypropylene/Carbon Nanotube Composites." Advanced Materials Research 299-300 (July 2011): 802–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.299-300.802.

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In this work, the carbon nanotubes(CNTs) were reinforced with polypropylene(PP)matrix resins to improve the electrical and thermal properties of PP/ CNTs composites in different contents of 0,1, 3,and 5 wt.%. The surface, volume resistivity and crystallization type of the composites were investigated. As a result, the maximum degradation rate temperature of the composite is improved 30 °C, the surface resistivity and volume resistivity of composite are 5 ×106, 7 ×105,respectively, for the optimum composition of composite (CNTs 3 wt.%). The integrated XRD pattern of the composites shows the typical α-form PP crystals.

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Etaati, Amir, Selvan Pather, Moloud Rahman, and Hao Wang. "Ground Hemp Fibers as Filler/Reinforcement for Thermoplastic Biocomposites." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/513590.

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Mechanical properties (tensile, flexural, and impact) of ground hemp fibre polypropylene composites were investigated. Ground alkali-treated hemp fibre and noil hemp fibres with various initial fibre lengths were utilized to reinforce polypropylene matrix. Firstly, the microstructural and tensile characterizations of the two types of fibres were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR), and Dynamic Mechanical Analyser (DMA). Then, the fibres were ground into different lengths of 0.2, 0.5, 1, and 2 mm; composites containing 40 wt% short hemp fibre and 5 wt% maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) were fabricated by means of a twin screw extruder and an injection moulding machine. Finally, influence of hemp fibre type and initial hemp fibre length on tensile property of the composites were investigated. The results revealed that addition of either noil hemp fibre or normal treated hemp fibre into the pure polypropylene matrix increased the tensile strength almost twice and stiffness of the composites more than three times. Although noil hemp fibre composite indicated slightly lower mechanical properties than the normal alkali-treated fibre composites, the difference was not significant. The analysis of the results provided the optimum initial fibre length (powder) of 0.2 mm hemp polypropylene composite. The results can be extended to different types of natural fibres.

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Czél, György, and Zoltán Kanyok. "MAgPP an Effective Coupling Agent in Rice Husk Flour Filled Polypropylene Composites." Materials Science Forum 537-538 (February 2007): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.537-538.137.

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Different properties (tensile strength, elongation, modulus, impact strength) of rice husk (RH) reinforced polypropylene (PP) coupled by Maleic-Anhydride grafted Polypropylene (MAgPP) have been investigated. MAgPP is an effective coupling agent, not only in cellulosic-fibre filled polyolefine composites, but in rice husk flour filled polypropylene composite systems as well. It gives a utilizable construction polymer matrix composite (PMC) material even at a 40 wt.% RH filling degree. The strength and modulus increases by adding the rice husk but the elongation decreases in a non-monotonic way. Micrographs shows weak coupling in between RH and PP without MAgPP.

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JOLLY, MARC, and KRISHNAN JAYARAMAN. "MANUFACTURING FLAX FIBRE-REINFORCED POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES BY HOT-PRESSING." International Journal of Modern Physics B 20, no. 25n27 (October 30, 2006): 4601–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979206041756.

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The renewable characteristic of natural fibres, such as flax, and the recyclable nature of thermoplastic polymers, such as polypropylene, provide an attractive eco-friendly quality to the resulting composite materials. Common methods for manufacturing natural fibre-reinforced thermoplastic composites, injection moulding and extrusion, tend to degrade the fibres during processing. Development of a simple manufacturing technique for these composites, that minimises fibre degradation, is the main objective of this study. Flax fibres were conditioned, cut into lengths ranging from 1 mm to 30 mm with scissors and a pelletiser, and shaped into randomly oriented mats using a drop feed tower. Polypropylene in sheet form, was added to the fibres to furnish polypropylene/flax/polypropylene sandwiches with a fibre mass fraction of 25%, which were then consolidated by the hot pressing technique. Tensile, flexural and impact properties of these composite sheets were determined as functions of fibre length and processing temperature.

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Sharmila, D. J., J. Brijitta, and R. Sampathkumar. "Enhanced Dielectric Properties of Polypropylene based Composite using Zinc Oxide Nanorods Filler." Journal of Surface Science and Technology 33, no. 3-4 (November 3, 2017): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/jsst/2017/16187.

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<p>Polypropylene and zinc oxide nanorods composites were prepared by combination of solution and mixture melting methods. Dielectric properties of the composite thin films were studied to see if zinc oxide nanorods have effect on the dielectric properties of polypropylene thin film. Introduction of zinc oxide nanorods at low filler content in the polypropylene matrix significantly improves the dielectric constant of the matrix. Simultaneously the structure of the composites was characterized by UV, XRD and SEM to understand the features in the structure that determine the functionality of the material. Composites with different weight percentage of zinc oxide nanorods show better absorption in the UV region compared to polypropylene matrix. This is due to the inherent capability of nano zinc oxide to absorb in the UV region. X-ray diffraction pattern of nanocomposites show sharp and highly intense peaks whereas neat polypropylene shows less intense peaks. This may due to the development of crystallinity in the polymer. Uniform distribution of zinc oxide which have a width of around 160-200 nm is observed in the SEM photographs of composites.</p>

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Chervakov, D. O., O. S. Sverdlikovska, and O. V. Chervakov. "Development of thermoplastic composite materials based on modified polypropylene." Voprosy Khimii i Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii, no. 3 (May 2021): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32434/0321-4095-2021-136-3-145-149.

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To improve the physical-mechanical and thermophysical properties of polypropylene-based thermoplastic composite materials, we performed modification of a polymer matrix by reactive extrusion of polypropylene in the presence of benzoyl peroxide and polysiloxane polyols. Modified polypropylene was compounded with basalt, carbon, and para-aramide reinforcing fillers in a screw-disc extruder. It was established that the reinforcement of modified polypropylene by basalt fibers ensured a 110% increase in tensile strength. The reinforcement of modified polypropylene by carbon fibers allowed fabricating thermoplastic composite materials with tensile strength increased by 14%. The maximum reinforcing effect was observed by using para-aramide fibers as reinforcing fibers for modified polypropylene with tensile strength increased by 30% as compared with initial polypropylene. It was determined that the obtained thermoplastic composite materials based on modified polypropylene can be processed into products by the most productive methods (extrusion and injection molding). The developed materials exhibited improved thermal stability. The proposed ways of modification methods provide substantial improvement in physical-mechanical and thermophysical properties of modified polypropylene-based thermoplastic composite materials as compared with initial polypropylene. In addition, they ensure a significant increase in service properties of the products prepared from thermoplastic composite materials based on modified polypropylene.

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Niaraki, Pouria Rezaee, Ahmad Jahan Latibari, Arash Rashno, and Ajang Tajdini. "The interaction of delignification and fiber characteristics on the mechanical properties of old corrugated container fiber/polypropylene composite." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2014-0406.

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AbstractThe effect of fiber characteristics from old corrugated container (OCC) paper on the strength properties of OCC/polypropylene composites was evaluated. Fibers with different contents of lignin (2.8%, 3.8%, 5.3%, and 7%) were produced using soda pulping. Wettability, tear, and tensile strength of the fibers were measured as the indication factors to assess the strength of reinforcing component in the composites. The weight portions of the OCC fibers, polypropylene, and maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP) were selected at 20%, 77%, and 3% of the total weight of the composite, respectively. The composite compounds were formed using a counter-rotating twin screw extruder, and the specimens were made in an injection molding machine. The interaction of fiber characteristics and fiber lignin content on the mechanical properties of composite was investigated. The results revealed that with lower fiber lignin content, both flexural and tensile properties were increased. Consequently, by forming better fiber dispersion and by reducing stress regions in the composite, impact strength was also improved. Lower lignin content resulted in better mechanical properties than fiber characteristics.

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Castiqliana, Silvia, and Halimatuddahliana. "PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN MALEAT ANHIDRIDA-GRAFTED-POLIPROPILENA TERHADAP SIFAT KEKUATAN BENTUR DAN PENYERAPAN AIR KOMPOSIT HIBRID PLASTIK BEKAS KEMASAN GELAS BERPENGISI SERBUK SERAT AMPAS TEBU DAN SERBUK SERAT KACA." Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU 5, no. 1 (March 28, 2016): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jtk.v5i1.1518.

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A study on wasted polypropylene/modified bagasse fiber flour/E-type glass fiber flour with maleic anhydride-g-polypropylene addition hybrid composite was performed and its impact properties and water absorption ability was analyzed. Glass fiber flour and maleic anhydride-g-polypropylene compositions were made constant at 10 wt.% and 2 wt.% respectively, and modified bagasse fiber flour composition was varied from 10-40 wt.%. Surface modification on bagasse flour with 1% sodium hydroxide was also conducted. The composites were prepared in an extruder. The result showed that the maximum impact strength of 46,6 J/cm2 was obtained in addition of modified bagasse fiber flour of 30 wt.%. Impact strength result was also supported by Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis. Water absorption test showed that the increase of modified bagasse fiber flour content resulted to the increase of water absorbance and composites with maleic anhydride-g-polypropylene addition had lower ability to absorb water when compared to composite without maleic anhydride-g-polypropylene addition in the same fillers content.

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Qian, Cheng, and Hai Ning Lv. "Influences of Temperature on the Performance of Polypropylene Woven Geotextiles." Advanced Materials Research 146-147 (October 2010): 506–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.146-147.506.

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Needle punching geotextile composites are composed of polypropylene woven fabrics and nonwovens, which has lower strength than that of the original woven fabrics because of the damaging effects by needles during the bonding process. In order to compensate for this shortage, a new geotextile composite was developed using adhesive as bonding media, temperature for controlling adhesive bonding effects. So temperature is the most important factor influencing the composites. With the purpose of researching temperature effects on the performance of polypropylene woven fabrics (single layer of the geotextile composite), a series of tests were carried out and then analyzed. The results show that with the increment of temperature, the shrinkage rate of polypropylene woven fabrics increased continuously. On the other hand, the strength firstly rise with the temperature and then decreased when temperature is over 130°C. Conclusions got in the paper are good references for the development of a new kind of water-insoluble adhesive and adhesive bonded nonwoven geotextile composite.

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Gailitis, Rihards, Andina Sprince, Tomass Kozlovskis, Liga Radina, Leonids Pakrastins, and Nikolai Vatin. "Long-Term Properties of Different Fiber Reinforcement Effect on Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Composite." Crystals 11, no. 7 (June 29, 2021): 760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11070760.

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Geopolymer composites have been around only for 40 years. Nowadays, they are used in buildings and infrastructures of various kinds. A geopolymer’s main benefit is that it is a green material that is partially made by utilizing waste products. The carbon footprint from geopolymer matrix manufacturing is at least two times less than Portland cement manufacturing. Due to the nature of the geopolymer manufacturing process, there is a high risk of shrinkage that could develop unwanted micro-cracks that could reduce strength and create higher creep strains. Because of this concern, a common strategy to reduce long-term strains of the material, such as shrinkage and creep, is to add fiber reinforcement that would constrain crack development in the material. This article aims to determine how various kinds and amounts of different fiber reinforcement affect fly ash-based geopolymer composites’ creep strains in compression. Specimen mixes were produced with 1% steel fibers, 1% polypropylene fibers, 5% polypropylene fibers, and without fibers (plain geopolymer). For creep and shrinkage testing, cylindrical specimens Ø46 × 190 mm were used. The highest creep resistance was observed in 5% polypropylene fiber specimens, followed by 1% polypropylene fiber, plain, and 1% steel fiber specimens. The highest compressive strength was observed in 1% polypropylene fiber specimens, followed by plain specimens, 1% steel fiber specimens, and 5% polypropylene fiber-reinforced specimens. The only fiber-reinforced geopolymer mix with improved long-term properties was observed with 1% polypropylene fiber inclusion, whereas other fiber-introduced mixes showed significant decreases in long-term properties. The geopolymer composite mix with 1% polypropylene fiber reinforcement showed a reduction in creep strains of 31% compared to the plain geopolymer composite.

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Mirza, Foisal Ahmed, Sheikh Md Rasel, Myung Soo Kim, Ali Md Afsar, Byung Sun Kim, and Jung I. Song. "Lyocell Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composites: Effect of Matrix Modification." Advanced Materials Research 123-125 (August 2010): 1159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.123-125.1159.

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Composites with polypropylene (PP) and lyocell fibers were manufactured by compression molding technique. In order to improve the interfacial adhesion between the natural fibers and thermoplastic matrix during manufacturing, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) as a coupling agent has been employed. Physical properties such as void contents and water absorption rate were studied. Tensile and flexural tests were carried out to evaluate the composite mechanical properties. Tensile test results showed the higher strength and modulus of composite than pure polypropylene (PP). In addition, strength and modulus were found to be influenced by the variation of MAPP contents (1%, 2%). Unlike tensile properties, flexural properties were not improved. However, between 1 and 2 wt% MAPP content, the composites containing 2 wt % MAPP showed better flexural properties than 1 wt % MAPP.

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Soyaslan, Devrim, Özer Göktepe, and Selçuk Çömlekçi. "The effects of fabric lamination angle and ply number on electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of weft knitted fabric-reinforced polypropylene composites." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2013-0045.

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AbstractIn this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of fabric lamination angle and fabric ply number on electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) of weft knitted fabric-reinforced polypropylene composites. Knitted fabric-reinforced composites are composed of aramid yarn, polypropylene yarn, and copper wire. Polypropylene is the matrix phase and the aramid yarn and copper wires are the reinforcement phase of the composite materials. It was achieved to form 1.5 to 3 mm thickness composites. The composites have nearly 20–50 dB electromagnetic shielding values. To form the knitted fabrics, 7G semiautomatic flat knitting machine was used. The composites were formed by a laboratory-type hot press. EMSE of composites were tested by using ASTM D 4935 coaxial test fixture in 27–3000 MHz frequency band. Lamination angle and ply number parameters were examined related to EMSE of structures. For this study, three different structures were knitted and named as plain knit, 1×1 rib knit, and half cardigan knit. To determine the effect of lamination angle of composites on electromagnetic shielding performance, the composites were produced in two different lamination angles as 0°/90°/0°/90° and 0°/45°/0°/45°. To determine the effect of fabric ply number of composites on electromagnetic shielding performance, the composites were produced in two and four plies. It was observed that the fabric ply number and lamination angle does not affect the EMSE of composite materials very much. It was determined that weft knitted reinforced composite structures have appropriate and high EMSE values for electromagnetic applications. This knitted fabric-reinforced polypropylene composites are flexible and suitable for other industrial applications as civil engineering, aerospace, etc.

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Yeetsorn, Rungsima, Chaiwat Prapainainar, Michael W. Fowler, and Yaowaret Maiket. "Experimental Study on the Performance of DMFC Using Novel Composite Materials of Polypyrrole-Coated Polypropylene as BPs." Key Engineering Materials 757 (October 2017): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.757.141.

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Polypropylene/three-carbon-filler composite bipolar plates (BPs) of direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) were fabricated by an injection molding. The composite materials were made of polypropylene (PP), carbon black, carbon fiber and graphite. Gas flow channel surfaces on the BPs were subsequently modified by polypyrrole (PPy) using a coating technique in order to improve surface electrical conductivity. This research is a feasibility study to use PPy-coated PP composite as BPs in a DMFC. The surface electrical resistance and performance in a fuel cell containing the composite BPs under DMFC operating conditions were evaluated against conventional graphite BPs. The surface resistance values of PPy-coated PP composites decreased around six orders of magnitude, compared with those values of PP composites. According to the performance results, PPy-coated composite BPs can be used in DMFC if the surface adhesion between a PPy layer and the BP surface was further improved.

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Kajaks, Janis, Karlis Kalnins, Sandris Uzulis, and Juris Matvejs. "Some Exploitation Properties of Wood Plastic Composites Based on Polypropylene and Plywood Production Waste." Key Engineering Materials 721 (December 2016): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.721.48.

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Three types of birch wood plywood by-products: plywood sanding dust (PSD), plywood sawdust (PSWD) and refined plywood scrap fibres (RPSF) and polypropylene composites exploitation properties (tensile, flexural modulus), microhardness water resistance and fluidity of composite melts, were evaluated. These investigations showed possibility of usage as excellent reinforcements for polypropylene presented by-products. For example tensile modulus increase up to 5 times, but flexural modulus till 2.3 times. Optimal content of PSD in polypropylene composites is 40 wt%, but in the cases of PSWD and RPSF 50 wt%.

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Al-Shurafat, Alaa, and Raid Banat. "Properties of Oil Shale Ash Filled Polypropylene Composite Material: Mechanical and Physical Characterization." Asian Journal of Chemistry 33, no. 9 (2021): 2175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2021.23324.

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The outcome of oil shale ash (OSA) filler addition on the mechanical, morphological, thermal and water uptake properties of the polypropylene (PP) matrix was investigated. The test specimens were prepared with various ratios of the mixtures that contain OSA and polypropylene in the following weight percentages: 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% OSA in polymer matrix. Composites specimens were produced by using a co-rotating twin screw extruder and a thermal press machine. The properties of the polymer composite specimens were characterized by using a universal testing machine (WDW-5) and izod impact testing machine (FI-68). The morphology of the composite samples was also characterized by using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Impact strength and Young’s modulus of the OSA/PP composite formulations were consistently improved on OSA inclusion. On the other hand, addition of OSA to pure polypropylene had consistently reduced the tensile stress at yield, tensile stress at rupture, tensile strain at yield and tensile strain at break. Adding OSA to polypropylene decreased the maximum flexural stress and flexural strain of maximum force. The observed SEM confirmed that the addition of OSA to pure polypropylene resulted in a significant increase in its agglomerates and filler pullout. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results confirmed the addition of the OSA to pure polypropylene resulted in a significant decrease in normalized heat of crystallization, normalized enthalpy of melting. Where the degree of the crystallinity (Xc) of polymer composite decreased from 59% to 34% for 0% and 40% OSA addition, respectively. While melting temperature (Tm) of the composite did not change (167 °C) the crystallization temperature (Tc) increased from 116.6 °C to 127.1 ºC for 0% to 40% OSA addition, respectively. Water uptake, however, demonstrated different behaviour. The initial addition of OSA to polypropylene increased the water uptake property up to 4% for the 40% filler addition. The results of this study demonstrated that the OSA could be used as reinforcement material for polypropylene, as long as good mechanical properties and homogeneous morphology obtained.

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Gu, Nian Liang, Jian Rong Wang, Cai Xia Chu, Juan Chen, and Ke Li. "Effect of Simulated Seawater on Flexural Property of Corn Straw Fibers Reinforced Polypropylene Composites." Materials Science Forum 993 (May 2020): 678–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.993.678.

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In this paper, the effect of simulated seawater on properties of corn straw fibers (CSF) reinforced polypropylene composites was studied. Firstly, CSF was modified with nano-TiO2 particles, and then the modified CSF reinforced polypropylene (PP) composite was prepared. The flexural property and the microstructure of the composites before and after soaking simulated seawater for 21 days were investigated. The results showed that the simulated seawater in short-term immersion could play a role in plasticizing interface and improve the flexural property of CSF/PP composite. After 21 days of simulated seawater immersion, the flexural strength of CS/PP was increased by 18.00%. The modification of TiO2-CSF could improve the flexural property of CSF/PP composite. When the addition of TiO2 was 4 wt.%, the flexural strength reached 44.91 MPa, increased by 17.54% compared with that of unmodified composite.

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Yang, Ming Shan. "The Reinforcement of Acicular Wollastonite on Polypropylene." Advanced Materials Research 92 (January 2010): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.92.283.

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The wollastonite/PP composites were manufactured by twin-screw extruder and the effects of compatabilizer, feeding method and screw configuration on the properties of wollastonite/PP composites were investigated in this paper. The dispersion of fibrous wollastonite in PP matrix was determined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the strength, toughness and flowability of the composite were simultaneously guaranteed by using three different types of PP resins, and the interfacial adhesion was improved greatly by adding the compatabilizer of PP-g-MAH, which increases the comprehensive properties of wollastonite/PP composite. The fibrous dispersion of wollastonite in PP matrix was achieved by using of side feeding and the weak-shear screw configuration, which reaches the good reinforcing effect.

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Bhattacharyya, Debes, Martyn Bowis, and Krishnan Jayaraman. "Thermoforming woodfibre–polypropylene composite sheets." Composites Science and Technology 63, no. 3-4 (February 2003): 353–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-3538(02)00214-2.

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Luo, Xiaoyu, Roberto S. Benson, Kevin M. Kit, and Maureen Dever. "Kudzu fiber-reinforced polypropylene composite." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 85, no. 9 (June 12, 2002): 1961–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.10762.

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Ren, Shan, and David N. S. Hon. "Newspaper Fiber-Reinforced Polypropylene Composite." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 12, no. 12 (December 1993): 1311–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073168449301201205.

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Sister, V. G., E. M. Ivannikova, S. M. Lomakin, and A. I. Yamchuk. "Polypropylene composite with carbon nanotubes." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 47, no. 11-12 (March 2012): 741–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10556-012-9541-3.

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Wang, Wei, Xiaomin Guo, Defang Zhao, Liu Liu, Ruiyun Zhang, and Jianyong Yu. "Water Absorption and Hygrothermal Aging Behavior of Wood-Polypropylene Composites." Polymers 12, no. 4 (April 2, 2020): 782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12040782.

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Environmentally sound composites reinforced with natural fibers or particles interest many researchers and engineers due to their great potential to substitute the traditional composites reinforced with glass fibers. However, the sensitivity of natural fiber-reinforced composites to water has limited their applications. In this paper, wood powder-reinforced polypropylene composites (WPCs) with various wood content were prepared and subjected to water absorption tests to study the water absorption procedure and the effect of water absorbed in the specimens on the mechanical properties. Water soaking tests were carried out by immersion of composite specimens in a container of distilled water maintained at three different temperatures, 23, 60 and 80 °C. The results showed that the moisture absorption content was related to wood powder percentage and they had a positive relationship. The transfer process of water molecules in the sample was found to follow the Fickian model and the diffusion constant increased with elevated water temperature. In addition, tensile and bending tests of both dry and wet composite samples were conducted and the results indicated that water absorbed in composite specimens degraded their mechanical properties. The tensile strength and modulus of the composites reinforced with 15, 30, 45 wt % wood powder decreased by 5.79%, 17.2%, 32.06% and 25.31%, 33.6%, 47.3% respectively, compared with their corresponding dry specimens. The flexural strength and modulus of the composite samples exhibited a similar result. Furthermore, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) also confirmed that the detrimental effect of water molecules on the composite specimens.

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Mertens, A. Johnney, and S. Senthilvelan. "Mechanical and tribological properties of carbon nanotube reinforced polypropylene composites." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 232, no. 8 (April 4, 2016): 669–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420716642620.

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In this work, carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites (0.5, 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 wt%) were developed using the melt compounding process. The developed composites were injection-molded into tensile specimens and pins to evaluate the mechanical and tribological properties of the composites. As the CNT content increased, the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the PP composites increased. The addition of the CNTs to the PP matrix beyond 1 wt% demonstrated agglomeration, and fractured tensile specimens confirmed this behavior. Developed materials demonstrated enhanced crystallinity up to 1 wt% CNT and, subsequently, decreased crystallinity beyond 1 wt% CNT, and an X-ray diffraction investigation confirmed this behavior. The measured coefficient of friction, online wear, and weight loss from the sliding wear test confirmed the least frictional resistance and maximum wear resistance for the 1 wt% CNT–PP composite. As the CNT content increased, the hardness of the CNT–PP composite increased up to 1 wt% CNT and decreased beyond this threshold. The worn-out surfaces of the CNT–PP composite observed using a scanning electron microscope and noncontact three-dimensional profiler confirmed the superior wear resistance of the 1 wt% CNT–PP composite. The CNT–PP composites considered in this study exhibited increased surface temperatures in the sliding wear condition because of the addition of the CNTs. The addition of the CNTs to the PP material increased the thermal conductivity of the composite.

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Özen, İlhan, Gamze Okyay, Süleyman Şimşek, and Deniz Duran. "Oil absorbency of diatomite-embedded polypropylene meltblown composite structures." Journal of Industrial Textiles 46, no. 7 (July 28, 2016): 1552–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083715627163.

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In this study, optimized conditions were established for diatomite grinding, which is a natural inorganic mineral with inherently high oil absorption capacity. Diatomite surface was modified with a fluorocarbon chemical and stearic acid via facile methods for enhancing compatibility between polypropylene and diatomite. Polypropylene/diatomite composites were generated in a twin screw extruder with/without using compatibilizer, and nonwoven structures were produced via meltblown technique. Pore size and void content analyses showed that addition of diatomite led to thicker fibers (1–17 µm (the neat polypropylene) vs. 1–32 µm (2 wt.% diatomite containing polypropylene)). Diatomite incorporation into polypropylene resulted in a rigid and brittle structure and a worsened oil absorption property (rust inhibitor oil absorption capacity: 1184% ± 105% (the neat polypropylene) vs. 718% ± 78% and 1089% ± 136% (2 wt.% diatomite containing polypropylene)). Increasing oil viscosity resulted in increased discrepancy among the oil absorption capacities of the neat polypropylene and diatomite containing polypropylene. Analysis of variance tests showed no changes or statistically insignificant differences in oil absorbency.

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Nasution, Fatimah Marwa. "Manufacture and Characterization of Pineapple Leaf Fiber Composite Board With Polypropylene Adhesive." Jurnal Matematika Dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam LLDikti Wilayah 1 (JUMPA) 1, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.54076/jumpa.v1i1.37.

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Research has been conducted on the manufacture and characterization of pineapple leaf fiber composites – polypropylene matrix. Samples with comparison of pineapple leaf fiber composition: polypropylene matrix by 0 %: 100%, 5%: 95%, 10%:90%, 15%:85%, 20%;80%, and 25%:75%. The manufacture of SDN-PP composites, i.e. fiber soaked with NaOH 5% for 2 hours and then rinsed with clean water and dried, then weighed. Polypropylene and MAPP are effluxed with xylen solvent using a reflux device over a hot plate with a temperature of 17oC until melted. The polypropylene that has been diflux weighed in mass and pineapple leaf fibers are placed into a mold then pressed with a hot press at a temperature of 150oC for 30 minutes. The purpose of the study was to find out the physical and mechanical properties of pineapple leaf-matrix polypropylene fibers. Density values 0.75 g/cm3 to 0.9 g/cm3, water absorption values 0.54% to 14.38%, strong compressive values 25.09 MPa to 49.58 MPa, and strong values impact 9.74 J/mm2 to 34.18 J/mm2. Pineapple leaf fiber composite – the resulting polypropylene matrix can be categorized as a high-crust fiberboard (HF) and applied as a decorative board in accordance with the fiberboard standards set out in SNI 01-4449-2006.

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Hyvärinen, Marko, Svetlana Butylina, and Timo Kärki. "Accelerated and Natural Weathering of Wood-Polypropylene Composites Containing Pigments." Advanced Materials Research 1077 (December 2014): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1077.139.

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In general, wood-polymer composites are vulnerable to weathering factors such as UV radiation, moisture, freeze-thaw action. Weathering can cause discoloration, chalking, dimensional change, and loss of mechanical properties of wood-polymer composites. This comparative study was focused on weatherability of wood–polypropylene composites made with and without pigments. Two types of inorganic pigments were applied: carbon black master-batch and synthetic iron oxide. Wood-polypropylene composite made without pigment was used as a reference. Also, composites prepared with addition of wollastonite were tested. The composite samples were exposed to outdoor weathering and in a parallel the accelerated UV weathering was conducted in xenon weathering chamber for the 2000 hours. The colour change was estimated by spectrophotometric method, and the change of Charpy impact strength after weathering was determined. The surface morphology was studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The addition of pigments decreased the lightness of non-weathered composites. The change of lightness and total colour change of weathered composites were affected a lot by type of pigment and method of weathering. As, expected wood-polypropylene composite made with carbon black showed the best results in colour stability of composites exposed to weathering. SEM showed that accelerated weathering in the xenon chamber caused more significant changes in the morphology of the polymer surface layer of the composites than outdoor weathering. Charpy impact strength of all studied composites was found to retain after 2000 hours of outdoor weathering, although accelerated weathering caused significant reduction of Charpy impact strength of these composites.

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Zhao, Yu, Ming Du, Ke Xin Zhang, and Liang Gao. "Effect of Modified Diatomite on Crystallinity and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene." Materials Science Forum 913 (February 2018): 551–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.913.551.

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The different coupling agent is used for diatomite modification. The diatomite with different content are melt and mixed with polypropylene to prepare diatomite/polypropylene composites. The modification effects of different coupling agent on diatomite and the influence of agent and diatomite contents on crystallization behavior of polypropylene and mechanical properties of composites are investigated. The results show that different coupling agents have the modification effects on diatomite influence crystallization of polypropylene but the aluminum agent is better than other agents. With the increase of the content of aluminum acid ester coupling agent, the size of bubble pore is uniform, and then the compressive strength reaches to a maximum when aluminum acid ester coupling agent content is 1%. With the increase of the content of diatomite, the porosity of bubble pore of diatomite/polypropylene composite material is gradually increases. The crystallinity of polypropylene and yield strength reach to a maximum (48.15% and 21.5%) when diatomite content is 30%. In addition, the diatomite/polypropylene composites have better compressive strength than the others.

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Nordin, M. N. A., K. Sakamoto, H. Azhari, K. Goda, M. Okamoto, H. Ito, and T. Endo. "Tensile and impact properties of pulverized oil palm fiber reinforced polypropylene composites : A comparison study with wood fiber reinforced polypropylene composites." Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences 12, no. 4 (December 27, 2018): 4191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmes.12.4.2018.15.0361.

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In this study, the Malaysian oil palm fiber (OPF) was extracted from empty fruit bunch (EFB) and used as a reinforcement of polymer composite materials. 10 wt.% and 25 wt.% of OPF were incorporated with polypropylene (PP) and maleated polypropylene (MAPP) to produce injection-molded composite material. For comparison purpose, virgin PP and polymer composites reinforced with wood fiber (WPC) were also fabricated as benchmark samples. From the tensile test result of 25 wt.% of fiber loading, it produced higher tensile properties of the composites. Moreover, the obtained OPF/PP composites showed comparable properties with the WPC material. The second objective of this study is to investigate the effect of fiber sizes on tensile and impact properties of both WPC and OPF/PP composite. The wood fiber and OPF were mechanically classified into several size ranges by using different mesh sieves and proceeded with the kneading and injection molding. The tensile and impact tests were carried out for each type of sample in order to verify the influence of fiber size on the tensile and impact resistance behavior of the WPC and OPF/PP composites.

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Mohd Apandi, Siti Nur E'zzati, Hazleen Anuar, and Siti Munirah Salimah Abdul Rashid. "ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION OF DURIAN SKIN NANOFIBRE BIOCOMPOSITE." IIUM Engineering Journal 19, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 223–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v19i1.903.

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To come up with a biodegradable alternative in reducing the use of polymer-based materials, polypropylene (PP) and durian skin nanofibre (DSNF) were melt-blended in a Haake internal mixer before compression moulded into composite specimens. The composites were exposed under ultraviolet (UV) radiation to simulate the effect of sunlight. The significant effect of maleic anhydride polypropylene (MAPP) was observed by the improvement recorded in tensile properties and reduction of water absorption in PP/DSNF composite. The colour index of composites increased with UV radiation exposure. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images showed DSNF was well-dispersed in PP matrix in the presence of MAPP.

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Wang, Bo, Fu-hua Lin, Xiang-yang Li, Zhong-wei Zhang, Xiao-rong Xue, Si-xiao Liu, Xu-ran Ji, et al. "Isothermal Crystallization and Rheology Properties of Isotactic Polypropylene/Bacterial Cellulose Composite." Polymers 10, no. 11 (November 18, 2018): 1284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10111284.

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Abstract:

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a new kind of cellulose with great potential in enhancing preparation of isotactic Polypropylene (iPP) composites, which have been found with excellent performance. However, the interface compatibility between BC and iPP is poor. In this study, iPP/BC composites were prepared by solution mixing. Esterification modified BC (CO) and Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) added as a compatibilizer was both used to improve the interfacial compatibility of the iPP/BC composites. The rheology and isothermal crystallization behavior of the composites was tested and discussed. The result shows that the complex viscosity and storage modulus of the composite significantly increase in the rule iPP, iPP/BC2, iPP/CO2, and M-iPP/BC3, which indicates that the compatibility of the composite increases as this rule. According to the isothermal crystallization kinetics result, the crystal growth mode of iPP was not affected by the addition of BC and the interfacial compatibility. The spherulite growth rate of the iPP/BC composite increases with increasing crystallization temperature. Especially, the value decreases as the same rule with the complex viscosity and storage modulus of the composite at the same isothermal crystallization temperature. These results suggest that the interface compatibility of iPP/BC composites is greatly improved and the interface compatibility of the M-iPP/BC3 is better than the iPP/CO2.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Polypropylene composite'

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