Relevant bibliographies by topics / Polypropylene liner

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Polypropylene liner'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Polypropylene liner"

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INOUE, Atsushi, Toshiki SASAYAMA, Yoshitoku INOUE, and Yoshiteru AOYAGI. "114 Effect of Microstructure on Non-Liner Elastic Behavior of Polypropylene." Proceedings of Autumn Conference of Tohoku Branch 2014.50 (2014): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetohoku.2014.50.7.

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Wei, Zhang, Feng, Xie, Wu, and Cao. "Influence of Polypropylene Fiber on Tensile Property of a Cement-Polymer Based Thin Spray-On Liner." Applied Sciences 9, no. 14 (July 18, 2019): 2876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9142876.

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The influence of a polypropylene fiber on the tensile properties of a cement-polymer based thin spray-on liner (TSL) was investigated in this study. Two different contents of fiber were added to the liner, yielding two TSL groups. Tensile tests were performed (in accordance with the ASTM D638 standard) on the two groups of specimens as well as the control group at 1, 7, 14, and 28-day curing. The test result verified the large plasticity and low elastic modulus of the TSL compared with the fiber. SEM examination revealed that fibers lying parallel to the load direction ruptured or were pulled out from the matrix, which was beneficial to the tensile strength, but detrimental to the elongation because of their high stiffness. Other fibers lying perpendicular with the load direction were detrimental to both tensile strength and elongation through aggravating the propagation of the cracks. The tensile strength was improved by fiber incorporation, while the elongation was reduced at all curing. The influence of fibers on tensile toughness was uncertain since tensile toughness depended on strength as well as deformity.
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Reynaldo, Alvin, Hari Sidik Pramono, Sigit Puji Santosa, and Muhammad Aziz. "Finite Element Analysis of Liquefied Ammonia Tank for Mobility Vehicles Employing Polymers and Composites." Energies 13, no. 20 (October 13, 2020): 5312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205312.

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Hydrogen has attracted global attention as a clean secondary energy source and has numerous possible applications, including fuel for vehicles. To store the hydrogen effectively, ammonia is considered promising due to high hydrogen density, stability, and total energy efficiency. Adopting ammonia as a fuel in vehicles requires a proper fuel tank design to fulfill the required volumetric content and safety standards, without neglecting the economic objectives. In general, a type-IV pressure vessel is utilized as a fuel tank because it is the lightest one, compared to other types of pressure vessel. This paper focuses on the effort to develop a lightweight type-IV ammonia pressure vessel designed for mobility vehicles. The material combination (liner and composite) and composite stacking sequence are analyzed for both burst and impact tests by using a finite element method. Two polymer materials of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polypropylene (PP) are evaluated as the liner considering their ultimate tensile strength, density, cost, and compatibility with ammonia, while carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) and glass-fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) are adopted as composite skins. In addition, five composite stacking sequences are analyzed in this study. Von Mises stress and Hashin’s damage initiation criteria are used to evaluate the performance of liner and composite, respectively. As the results, PP-based pressure vessels generate lower stress in the liner compared to PET-based vessels. In addition, CFRP-based pressure vessels have a higher safety margin and are able to generate lower stress in the liner and lower damage initiation criteria in the composite skin. The material combination of PP-CFRP with a stacking sequence of [90/±30/90]3s gives the lowest maximum stress in the liner during the burst test, while, for the impact test, the stacking sequence of [90/±θ/90]3s is considered the most appropriate option to realize a lower stress at the liner, although this tendency is relatively small for vessels with PP liner.
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Lee, Joo-Ha, Hwang-Hee Kim, Sung-Ki Park, Ri-On Oh, Hae-Do Kim, and Chan-Gi Park. "Mechanical Properties and Durability of Latex-Modified Fiber-Reinforced Concrete: A Tunnel Liner Application." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2134873.

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This study assessed the mechanical properties and durability of latex-modified fiber-reinforced segment concrete (polyolefin-based macrosynthetic fibers and hybrid fiber-macrosynthetic fiber and polypropylene fiber) for a tunnel liner application. The tested macrosynthetic fiber-reinforced concrete has a better strength than steel fiber-reinforced concrete. The tested concrete with blast furnace slag has a higher chloride ion penetration resistance (less permeable), but its compressive and flexural strengths can be reduced with blast furnace slag content increase. Also, the hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete has higher compressive strength, flexural strength, chloride ion water permeability resistance, impact resistance, and abrasion resistance than the macrosynthetic fiber-reinforced concrete. The modified fiber improved the performance of concrete, and the hybrid fiber was found to control the formation of micro- and macrocracks more effectively. Therefore, overall performance of the hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete was found superior to the other fiber-reinforced concrete mixes tested for this study. The test results also indicated that macrosynthetic fiber could replace the steel fiber as a concrete reinforcement.
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Lyakhevich, G. D., V. A. Grechukhin, A. G. Lyakhevich, and S. Yu Rozhantsev. "Theoretical Aspects, Experimental Investigations and Efficiency in Concrete Reinforcement by Organic Fibres." Science & Technique 19, no. 3 (June 5, 2020): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2020-19-3-215-223.

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Fibre concrete is a composite material reinforced by fibres. Construction of facilities while using concrete reinforced by organic fibres has rather long history. An analytical review of national and international investigations have shown that application of fibre concrete for bridge and tunnel structures significantly improves their physical and mechanical indices and, firstly, their service life. 3D strengthening of fibre concrete fundamentally changes properties of cement stone while ensuring high crack resistance of structures, increasing their resistance to impact and dynamic loads. Changes in volume ratio of various fibres in concrete make it possible to regulate material properties. It permits to increase its tensile strength, corrosion resistance, weather resistance and resistance to periodical moistening-drying and freezing-defrosting processes, and other indices are improved as well. The paper presents the developed technologies and fibre concrete compositions and contains description of manufactured and tested experimental specimens of non-pressure pipes reinforced by polypropylene fibres. The executed investigations have shown that the polypropylene fibres reduce probability of crack initiation and prevent their enlargement and when they are operated they depress growth of cracks and concentration of stresses in the field of macrodefects. Due to introduction of the fibre re-distribution of stresses caused by the process of structure formation has occurred from places of their concentration for the whole concrete volume. The fibre increases concrete resistance to compression and also improves service life of concrete at low temperatures and aggressive reagent action. The polypropylene fibres is expediently to apply for disperse reinforcement of structures working in bending, for example, being used for tunnel liner, bridge structures, concrete non-pressure pipes etc.
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Plé, Olivier, Thi Ngoc Hà Lê, and Murad S. AbuAisha. "Landfill Clay Barrier: Fibre Reinforcement Technique." Advanced Materials Research 378-379 (October 2011): 780–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.378-379.780.

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Landfills come with a cover barrier which includes a compacted silty clay liner essential to safety on site. However this barrier encounters problems, especially those related to the differential settlement, which may cause stress in the clay layer leading to the development of cracks. Generally speaking, tensile stress damage and shearing are observed on the cap cover. Due to the weak mechanical performance of the clay layer it was proposed to add polypropylene fibre reinforcement. Direct tensile tests and compression tests under low confinement were carried out on unreinforced and reinforced soils. An improvement in soil resistance and in the brittleness index of fibre-reinforced clay was characterised. The proposed solution, technically feasible, enabled an optimization of the thickness of the mineral barrier.
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Z. Rosman, M., and C.-M. Chan. "The Influence of Water Content on the Settlement Behaviour of Polypropylene Fibre-Reinforced Dredged Marine Soil (DMS)." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.14 (December 24, 2019): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.14.27712.

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The use of fiber as soil reinforcement is not new in civil engineering field. In the earlier times, rice straw was mixed together with mud or clay to produce construction materials such as brick and concrete. Conventional concrete mix without fiber tends to exhibit brittleness behaviour. Hence, there is a growing attention on using current reinforcement materials such as steel, polypropylene and glass fibers. It is reported that fiber in concrete provide bridging effect, which transfer and distribute load evenly, thus increasing ductility. Now, similar concept of fiber inclusion in concrete can be applied to the case of problematic soil. The addition of chemical additives such as cement in soil resulted with stiffness and brittleness. As solution, numerous studies have shown that the fiber inclusion in soil have increased strength, permeability and ductility. Due to the many studies of fibre-reinforced soil related to its shear strength, the present study will investigate the compressibility behaviour of the fibre-reinforced soil through oedometer test. In this study, the dredged marine soil (DMS) was mixed together with 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 % of polypropylene (PP) fiber. Two conditions of soil, namely high water content (1.40LL) and low water content (0.90LL) were tested. Samples with 0.90LL water content show great reduction of settlement than samples with 1.40LL water content. The outcome of this study will suggest the beneficial reuse of DMS for engineering application such as backfill material, land reclamation or clay liner for landfills.
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Jeon, Han Yong, Y. H. Lee, Jung Min Seo, Beong Bok Hwang, and H. S. Koo. "A Study on the Chemical Resistance of GT Composites." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 988–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.988.

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This paper is concerned with the performance of geo-textile (GT) against chemical condition. GT is generally adopted for the upper part of geo-membrane (GM) for waste landfills and thus it is very important to consider the performance of GT against certain chemical environments until landfill is completed. In this study, PVA geo-textile/HDPE geo-membrane was prepared to investigate the waste landfill related properties in terms of long-term performance against chemical conditions imposed. GT composites of PVA GT/HDPE GM, PVA GT and HDPE GM were produced in thermal bonding process. Polyester and polypropylene GT were also manufactured in needle punching process. The experiments have been conducted under a modified version of EPA 9090 test method which is very similar to the method of evaluating chemical resistance of flexible membrane liner by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). In this testing method, samples immersed in chemical of different solutions up to 150 days at 30 day interval were obtained to find tensile strength holding rate and chemical resistance. The analysis in this paper is focused to evaluate the effect of different pH conditions and temperature environments on geo-synthetics weights strength retention. It was concluded from the experiments that tensile strength of GT composites against leachate were reduced by 10 to 20% in both polypropylene and polyester non-woven GT. The reduction was more significant at temperatures of 50 °C than that at 25 °C. The experiments conducted in this study demonstrated that PVA GT is excellent in terms of chemical resistance.
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Hosney, M. S., and R. Kerry Rowe. "Changes in geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) properties after 2 years in a cover over arsenic-rich tailings." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 50, no. 3 (March 2013): 326–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2012-0367.

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A test cover comprised of three different needle-punched geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) products and covered with up to 1 m of cover soil (gravelly sand) was built over arsenic-rich tailings at a former gold mine in Nova Scotia, Canada, to evaluate the performance of the GCLs under local climatic conditions. Of the GCLs examined, one had untreated and two had polymer-enhanced natural sodium bentonite. The three GCLs each had different carriers: one with a woven geotextile, one with a scrim-reinforced nonwoven geotextile, and one with a woven geotextile laminated with a polypropylene film. At some locations, each type of GCL was placed in direct contact with the tailings. At other locations, each GCL was separated from the tailings by 0.15 m of cover soil. Samples of each GCL, tailings, and cover soil were recovered 1 and 2 years after construction. Tests show that the GCL with untreated bentonite maintained a low hydraulic conductivity (≤5 × 10−11 m/s) at locations where there was ≥0.7 m of cover soil above the GCL even though there was significant cation exchange of the sodium in the GCL with divalent cations in the tailings-soil porewater (the mole fraction of sodium (exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP)) decreased from 65% to 10%–17%). The GCL with polymer-enhanced bentonite had a lower hydraulic conductivity (≤3 × 10−11 m/s under ≥0.7 m of cover soil above the GCL) and experienced less cation exchange (ESP decreased to 19%–28%) than the standard GCL. The other GCL with polymer-enhanced bentonite and a carrier geotextile coated with a geofilm demonstrated the best hydraulic performance regardless of the thickness of cover soil or presence of an initially uncontaminated foundation layer. The presence of a foundation layer between the GCL and tailings impeded the migration of arsenic from the tailings into the GCLs. All GCLs were serving as an effective barrier to arsenic migration.
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Pekhotikov, A. V., B. B. Kolchev, P. A. Visloguzov, and D. V. Belyaev. "Practice of Using Fire-safety Sleeve for Free Flow Conduits of the Engineering Systems Made of Polymer Materials." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 7 (July 2021): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2021-7-66-72.

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To exclude the possibility of fire spreading through the utility lines of buildings and structures, various technical means are used that meet the normative established characteristics. As part of the intersection nodes of the enclosing building structures of sewage and water disposal systems, fire-safety sleeves are used, which ensure the limit of fire spreading to adjacent rooms through the node crossed by the pipeline. The use of fire-safety sleeves for these utility lines is only possible for free flow conduits of the systems made of polymer materials (polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, etc.). For different types of the pipelines, other technical solutions are used to limit the spread of fire. The principle of fire-safety sleeves operation is to completely cover the intersecting mounting opening of the building structure in the shortest possible time and prevent the transfer of flame and combustion products to adjacent rooms. The efficiency of the operation of fire-safety sleeve and the preservation of its fire-technical characteristics for a given time depends on the following factors: correct installation carried out in accordance with the established instructions; design of fire-safety sleeves; physical and chemical properties of the material used for thermally expanding sleeve liner; material of a polymer pipeline. Statistics of the conducted tests show that the maximum fire resistance limits are typical for intersection nodes with polymer pipelines having diameter from 32 to 110 mm. For the pipelines with a diameter of 160 mm and more, it is very difficult to achieve similar fire-technical characteristics due to the large area of the overlapping mounting openings and the increased inertia of a fire-safety sleeve actuation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Polypropylene liner"

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McCallum, Tara J. "Properties and foaming behaviour of thermoplastic olefin blends based on linear and branched polypropylene." Thesis, Kingston, Ont. : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/872.

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Rao, Nikhil. "Interfacial tension, blending and morphology of linear low-density polyethylenes with polypropylene." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ40097.pdf.

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Nelson, Burke I. (Burke Irving). "Control of a polypropylene visbreaking process using an in-line process rheometer." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28499.

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An in-line process rheometer, employing a proven shear-stress transducer, was designed and built for polymer melts. The entire process stream runs through the rheometer, giving it a much faster response time than conventional side-stream models. The possibility of using the in-line rheometer for dynamic mechanical analysis was investigated and methods were developed to obtain the complex modulus over a wide range of frequencies with a single measurement. Measurement techniques for shear viscosity testing were also developed along with algorithms to compensate for the effects of process pressure and temperature.
The rheometer was used as a viscosity sensor to provide feedback control for a polypropylene visbreaking process. A first order plus dead time model was used to model the process and the rheometer together, and typically had dead times of less than 60 s and a first order time constant of 15 s. Gain scheduling was incorporated into minimum variance and proportional-integral controllers to achieve closed-loop settling times of 200 s for viscosity setpoint changes and process disturbances.
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Singh, Priti. "Morphology and rheology of binary blends of polypropylene and linear low density polyethylene." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0019/MQ49686.pdf.

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Cardoso, Elisabeth Carvalho Leite. "Desenvolvimento de espumas a partir de misturas poliméricas de polipropileno linear (PP) e polipropileno de alta resistência do fundido (HMSPP)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85134/tde-22092011-085351/.

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Os polímeros espumados são materiais do futuro, com um leque abrangente de aplicações. Podem ser usados em estruturas de isolamento, por exemplo, ou para reduzir custos com materiais. Este trabalho remete para a extrusão de misturas de Polipropileno isotático (iPP) / Polipropileno com Alta Resistência do Fundido (HMSPP), para a obtenção de espumas. O comportamento reológico do polímero fundido, principalmente a viscosidade na temperatura de processamento, tem um papel decisivo nas aplicações nas quais prevalece o fluxo extensional, como no caso da espumagem. Se a viscosidade for muito baixa, correspondente a uma baixa resistência do fundido, como no caso do homopolímero linear (PP isotático), a espumagem ficará prejudicada, face à impossibilidade de expansão acentuada. Entretanto, se a viscosidade for muito alta (HMSPP), com uma alta resistência do fundido, a espuma colapsará imediatamente após sua formação. A fim de obter espumas com uma estrutura celular homogênea e definida, foram efetuadas misturas 50% em peso entre o homopolímero linear (PP isotático) e o polipropileno ramificado (HMSPP), modificado por radiação gama, em ambiente contendo acetileno e na dose de 12,5 kGy. O processo de extrusão empregou a metodologia de espumagem solúvel, segundo o princípio de processamento/dissolução, que envolve a dissolução de um agente físico de sopro (PBA = Physical Blowing Agent), na pressão em torno de 30 bar, homogeneamente misturado com o fundido polimérico. As condições de extrusão, que, geralmente, compreendem o controle de temperatura, pressão e fluxo do material viscoelástico, foram investigadas experimentalmente para definir as características dominantes em prol da obtenção de espumas. O agente físico de sopro usado foi o nitrogênio. As principais características do PP e HMSPP foram obtidas via medidas reológicas (Índice de Fluidez e Resistência do Fundido) e análises térmicas (DSC/TGA), a fim de viabilizar e reproduzir a posteriori as espumagens pelo processo de extrusão. A morfologia celular das espumas foi investigada minuciosamente, com e sem a adição de talco, como agente nucleante, usando o Microscópio Eletrônico de Varredura. As propriedades mecânicas foram investigadas, via DMA, com base no Módulo de Young e tangente delta. A Rigidez Específica contribuiu com algumas considerações sobre a cristalinidade. As micrografias obtidas apontaram para espumas de células fechadas, nas quais a pressão é mantida durante o estágio de formação da célula. As espumas podem ser usadas em: mobílias; transporte; aterro sanitário; isolamentos; eletrodomésticos; como absorvedora de choque e de som; construção civil, incluindo chapas isolantes, proteção para pisos, perfis para acabamento, acabamentos de interiores; indústria automobilística, em painéis espumados; mercado de embalagem, em geral, incluindo embalagens para freezer e micro-ondas; acondicionamento de artigos médicos como seringas, catéteres intravenosos, frascos, materiais de sutura. fios e cabos e para finalidades estruturais (espumas estruturais), substituindo madeira, metais ou plásticos sólidos. As análises de densidade efetuadas nas espumas do presente trabalho apresentaram resultados típicos de espumas de alta densidade (faixa de 320 a 800 kg/m3), em torno de 500 kg/m3, usadas para fios e cabos e para finalidades estruturais (espumas estruturais), substituindo madeira, metais ou plásticos sólidos. As espumas estruturais têm densidades relativamente altas (acima de 320 kg/m3) e as estruturas celulares são compostas principalmente de vazios.
Foamed polymers are future materials, with a comprehensive application field. They can be used in order to improve appearance of insulation structures, for example, or to reduce costs involving materials. This work address to Isotactic Polypropylene / High Melt Strength Polypropylene blends, for foams production. Rheological behavior of polymer melt, especially referring to viscosity in processing temperature, plays a decisive role in applications where dominates extensional flow, as in case of foaming. If the viscosity is very low, it will correspond to a low melt strength, as in case of linear homopolymer (Isotact PP), and the foam will be prejudiced, due to the impossibility of expansion. Otherwise, if the viscosity is very high, with a high melt strength, the foam will collapse immediately after its formation. In order to get foams with an homogeneous and defined cellular structure, there were accomplished blends, 50% in weight, between linear homopolymer (isotactic PP) and HMSPP, from PP modified as per gamma radiation, in acetylene environment and at a 12.5 kGy dosis. Extrusion process used a soluble foaming methodology, according to a processing/dissolution principle, which involves the dissolution of a Physical Blowing Agent (PBA), under 30 bar pressure, homogeneously mixed with polymeric melt. Extrusion conditions, that generally involve temperature, pressure and viscoelastic material flow control were experimentally investigated to define prevalent characteristics for producing foams. Nitrogen was the used PBA and process extrusion parameters were adapted to PP, HMSPP and their 50% in weight mixtures thereof. Major PP and HMSPP characteristics were obtained via melt Index and melt strength and thermal analyses (DSC/TGA), in order to make viable and to reproduce foaming as per extrusion process. Foams cellular morphology of PP, HMSPP and their 50% in weight mixtures thereof was investigated, with and without talc addition, as nucleating agent, by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Micrographs obtained pointed to closed cells foams, in which the pressure is kept during all cell formation stage, informing that closed cells foams are used in thermal insulation in Civil Construction and in thermal vials. Density analyses accomplished in foams produced in our work showed typical results for high density foams (320 to 800 kg/m3 range), around 500 kg/m3, used for wire and cables and for structural purposes (structural foams), by replacing wood, metals or solid plastics. Structural foams have high density (above 320 kg/m3) and cellular structures are specially composed by holes.
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Tijen, Seyidoglu. "Purification And Modification Of Bentonite And Its Use In Polypropylene And Linear Low Density Polyethylene Matrix Nanocomposites." Phd thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612204/index.pdf.

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The potential use of Resadiye/Tokat bentonite as a reinforcement in polypropylene (PP) and linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) polymer matrix nanocomposites filler was investigated. At first, organoclays (OC) were prepared by cation exchange reaction (CER) between the raw bentonite (RB) and three quaternary ammonium salts with long alkyl tails (QA): hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide [HMA] [Br], tetrabutyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate [TBA] [BF4], tetrakisdecyl ammonium bromide [TKA] [Br] and one quaternary phosphonium (QP) salt: tetrabutyl phosphonium tetrafluroborate [TBP] [BF4]. Characterization of resulting materials by XRD, TGA, FTIR and chemical analysis confirmed the formation of organoclays. Ternary composites of PP/organoclay/ maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) were prepared with two different grades of PPs in a co-rotating twin screw extruder. Composites prepared with these organoclays and PPs showed microcomposite formation. In the second part of the study, raw bentonite was purified by sedimentation, and characterization of purified bentonite (PB) by XRD, cation exchange capacity (CEC) measurement and chemical analysis (ICP) confirmed the success of purification method. PB was then modified with two QA`s: dimethyl dioctadecylammonium chloride [DMDA] [Cl], tetrakis decylammonium bromide [STKA] [Br] and one QP: tributyl hexadecyl phosphonium bromide [TBHP] [Br]. Organoclays from PB were used with the PP with lower viscosity, and ternary nanocomposites (PP/Organoclay2/MAPP5) were prepared in the extruder followed by batch mixing in an intensive batch mixer. Use of DMDA and TBHP OCs resulted in nanocomposite formation, while STKA resulted in microcomposite formation as observed by XRD and TEM. Young`s modulus and yield stress of the samples were enhanced through nanocomposite formation. In the last part of the study, ternary composites of LLDPE/Organoclay/ compatibilizer, a random terpolymer of ethylene, butyl acrylate and maleic anhydride (E-BA-MAH, Lotader®
3210), were prepared by melt compounding in the batch mixer at two different clay concentrations (2 and 5 wt %) and fixed compatibilizer/organoclay ratio (&alpha
=2.5). A commercial organoclay, I34, was also used in LLDPE based nanocomposites to make a comparison. XRD and TEM analyses of the compounds prepared by DMDA and TBHP showed mixed nanocomposite morphologies consisting of partially intercalated and exfoliated layers. Young`s modulus and tensile strength of nanocomposites prepared with DMDA and TBHP showed generally higher values compared to those of neat LLDPE, while results were the highest in the composites prepared with commercial organoclay I34. Parallel disk rheometry was used as a supplementary technique to XRD, TEM and mechanical characterizations, and it was shown to be a sensitive tool in assessing the degree of dispersion of clay layers in the polymer matrix.
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CARDOSO, ELISABETH C. L. "Desenvolvimento de espumas a partir de misturas polimericas de polipropileno linear (PP) e polipropileno de alta resistencia do fundido (HMSPP)." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2009. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9485.

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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Uzoukwu, E. Emeka. "Le Secteur pétrochimique dans le concept de développement global du Nigéria : les branches d'applications : polypropylene - linear alkyle benzene - carbon black." Paris, EHESS, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990EHES0018.

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L'industrie petrochimique nigerianne que nous avons propose d'analyser presente un certain nombre de specificites, lesquelles ont justement motive notre recherche. La saisie de la principale de ces specificites a ete effectuee en analysant l'existence d'un secteur petrochimique dans le cadre du developpement d'un secteur petrochimique dans le cadre du developpement d'ensemble du nigeria a travers la theorie des "industries motrices". Mais on montre en meme temps que l'analyse de developpement historique du nigeria fait apparaitre les limites des conditions de pertinence de cette theorie. - dans le cadre de l'industrie petrochimique elle-meme, le con- cept central du "calcul des effets d'entrainements" s'applique loique- ment. - dans le cadre du developpement global, la theorie des "industries motrices" rencontre beaucoup de reserves quant a son appli- cation en tant que methodologie, dans la mesure meme ou l'autre concept principal de cette theorie. Celui de la "triangulation", n'a pas son correspondant objectif dans la strategie des pouvoirs publics nigerians. Certes, le nigeria n'a pas suivi cette voie; mais pas seu- lement parce qu'il n'avait pas de societe civile moderne, mais aussi parce que la classe politique n'etait pas soudee et parce qu'elle n'etait pas predisposee a rompre avec les flux classiques des relations internationales
The petrochemical instrutory of nigeria that we propose to analyse poresents certain number of specificitises which indeed motivated our research. The apprehension of these principal specificities were observed by analysing the existence of a section of petrochemical industry in the context of general development of nigeria through the theory of "inductible industries" (industrie motrices). But at the same time our studies reveals through its analysis that the historical development of nigeria presents limits of pertinents condition of this theory. Withen petrochemical industry itself, the major concept of calculation * of linkage and induction effect show corresponding application. * on the level of general development of nigeria, the concept of "inductibility" or "linkage" industires meet lots of handicorp in its methodological application, in the sense that the other other concept of the theory : that of "triangulation" does not have its objective correspondance in the strategic planing, by nigerian decision makers. Thus nigeria did not opte for this concept as to it's development, not for the fact that it does not have a modern administrative society, nor was it for the fact it's decision. .
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McShane, P. M. "Optimization of the morphological, mechanical and rheological properties of novel polypropylene/ethylene-octene copolymer blends for automotive fuel line protection applications." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268405.

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Kelly, Adrian L. "On-line shear and extensional rheometry of polymer melts in the extrusion process." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/2796.

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A novel on-line capillary rheometer (OLR) was used to examine the shear and extensional characteristics of polyolefin melts during twin screw extrusion (TSE). Comparisons with off-line rheometry were made using a twin-bore capillary rheometer and a modular in-line slit die rheometer (ILR) provided in-line rheometry comparisons. Both capillary rheometers were controlled via PCs running dedicated software, and the extrusion line and ELR were fully instrumented allowing real-time process monitoring to be carried out by IBM compatible PCs via data acquisition hardware and software. The prototype OLR was developed by the re-design of several key features including an instrumented transfer section and capillary die block which facilitated the use of various die geometries. Shear and extensional on-line rheometry of three polyethylenes (linear and branched), and four molecular weight grades of polypropylene were examined, and a direct comparison with off-line capillary rheometry showed a good correlation. The effect of a high loading of filler on two of the polyethylenes was investigated. In-line shear stress and entry pressure measurements showed a reasonable correlation with on-line rheometry. A study of entry flows in the OLR using capillary dies approaching orifice showed non-linearities occurred at very low capillary length to diameter(L:D) ratios, and this was repeatable using off-line rheometry. Predicted zero length entry pressures (Po) were used to estimate apparent extensional viscosity using a number of standard models. Melt instability and capillary wall slip were also investigated using on-line rheometry. Melt pressure and temperature in the twin screw extruder and OLR were monitored at various process conditions to examine the ability of the OLR to condition melt during testing, and the effect of OLR testing on extrusion conditions. Pressure variation in the extruder, OLR and off-line rheometer were compared in order to quantify process noise. The effect of OLR testing on melt rheology and polymer molecular weight were examined using off-line rheometry and gel permeation chromatography(GPC).
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Books on the topic "Polypropylene liner"

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The compatibilization of polypropylene-linear low density polyethylene blend: Extrusion blending and composition monitoring. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Polypropylene liner"

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Mennig, G. "Knit-line behaviour of polypropylene and polypropylene-blends." In Polypropylene Structure, blends and composites, 205–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0567-5_7.

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Rybnikär, Frantisele. "SELECTIVE ETCHING OF POLYOLEFINES. II. ISOTACTIC POLYPROPYLENE, LINEAR AND BRANCHED POLYETHYLENE." In Morphology of Polymers, edited by Blahoslav Sedláček, 309–18. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110858150-024.

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Prata, Dieo Martinez, José Carlos Pinto, and Enrique Luis Lima. "On-line data reconciliation and parameter estimation for an industrial polypropylene reactor." In 16th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering and 9th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering, 1581–86. Elsevier, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1570-7946(06)80273-7.

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Asada, Y., K. Inaoka, and M. Hirose. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF SF6 GAS-PRESSURIZED LAPPED-POLYPROPYLENE CABLE FOR EHV TRANSMISSION LINE." In Gaseous Dielectrics III, 527–32. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-029381-3.50071-x.

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Han, Chang Dae. "Tubular Film Blowing." In Rheology and Processing of Polymeric Materials: Volume 2: Polymer Processing. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195187830.003.0012.

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Tubular film blowing has long been used to produce biaxially oriented films using such thermoplastic polymers as low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and polypropylene (PP). Here, LDPE refers to a polymer that is synthesized by free-radical polymerization under high pressure (Fawcett et al. 1937). The discovery of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) in the 1980s via the Unipol process (Beret et al. 1986; Jones et al. 1985), which uses a low-pressure gas-phase process, has led to additions to the family of tubular blown films during the past two decades. The discovery of metallocene catalysts (Stevens and Neithamer 1991; Welborn and Ewen 1994) in the 1990s further increased the number of LLDPEs that have been used to produce tubular blown films during the last decade. To distinguish LLDPE from LDPE, LLDPE is sometimes referred to as low-pressure low-density polyethylene (LP-LDPE) and LDPE is referred to as high-pressure low-density polyethylene (HP-LDPE) (see Chapter 6 of Volume 1). In this chapter, however, we use the terminologies LDPE and LLDPE. As described in Chapter 6 of Volume 1, LDPE has a high degree of long-chain branching, while LLDPE has short-chain branching with little or no longchain branching. However, the metallocene catalysts apparently allow one to produce LLDPEs having a wide range of side chains, including a certain degree of long-chain branching. The details of the synthetic procedures for producing such a variety of LLDPEs are closely guarded industrial secrets. Biaxially oriented film can be strong and tough in all directions in the plane of the film. As in fiber spinning, the polymer melt exiting from the die flows under a mechanical tension in the direction of flow. However, in the film blowing process, the tube of molten polymer is extended in both the transverse and the axial (machine) directions. Therefore, rheologically speaking, the film blowing process may be treated from the point of view of biaxial elongational flow, whereas the fiber spinning process may be treated from the point of view of uniaxial elongational flow.
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"e. The transfer basket containing the items to be cleaned was lowered into the immersion sump , and statically (i.e. no liquid flow) sonicated for a finite pe-riod of time, usually 15 minutes. f. After static sonication, the rinse pump was turned on and the liquid in the immersion bath was circulated through the activated carbon columns at a rate of1,700 ml/minute for a finite period of time. The circulation time ranged fro m 15 minutes to 2 hours, depending on the purpose of the test. g. The rate of decontamination was monitored by following the concentration of the contaminant in the decontamination liquid (HFE-7100). h . Steps e and f were repeated until the presence of contaminant in the circulat-ing liquid could no longer be detected. i. When the immersion sump liquid was free of contaminant, the transfer basket was moved from the immersion sump to the superheat sump and dried for 30 minutes to remove liquid drag out. j . The transfer basket was removed from the Poly-Kleen™ system. The test pieces were removed from the basket, visually examined, photographed under visible and UV light, reweighed, and archived. I n order to maximize ultrasonic power density, the minimum amount of liquid needed to cover the parts being cleaned was used. Typically, the sump contained from 130 to 180 mm (5 to 7 inches) of liquid, which corresponds to a liquid vol-ume of approximately 15 liters to 30 liters (4 to 8 gallons) and a corresponding ul-trasonic power density of 26 to 18 watts/liter (100 to 70 watts/gallon). In prelimi-nary tests, it was noted that immersing and sonicating the test samples when the immersion sump was filled to the brim (about 53 liters (14 gallons)) did not result in effective cleaning. At that volume, the ultrasonic power density had dropped to a value of 8 watts/liter (30 watts/gallon). While this value would be considered marginal in a stainless steel ultrasonic bath, where the ultrasonic waves can be re-flected from the walls back into the liquid, in a polypropylene bath in which the walls absorb rather than reflect the ultrasonic waves, this power density level is too low. If parts were also contaminated with biological agents, after Step h, they would be sonicated in a fluorinated surfactant/HFE-7100 solution that would be circu-lated through microfilters to remove suspended materials. The parts would then be rinsed in fresh HFE-7100 to remove fluorocarbon surfactant residues, and then dried as described above. Table 3 lists the sensitive equipment decontamination experiments that were carried out in the Poly-Kleen™ system during the course of the program. The combination of equipment processed, contaminants used, and monitoring method(s) examined are listed in this table. The results of the various cleaning re-sults are summarized in Table 4. This table records the weights of the items listed in Table 3, before and after contamination, as well as the post-cleáning weight and visual appearance of these items." In Surface Contamination and Cleaning, 129–36. CRC Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9789047403289-19.

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Conference papers on the topic "Polypropylene liner"

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Gokhale, Vaibhav, Prasad Tapkir, and Andres Tovar. "Force Diverting Helmet Liner Achieved Through a Lattice of Multi-Material Compliant Mechanisms." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67684.

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This work introduces the design of a lattice array of multi-material compliant mechanisms (LCM) that diverts the impact radial force into tangential forces through the action of elastic hinges and connecting springs. When used as the helmet liner, the LCM liner design has the potential to reduce the risk of head injury through improved impact energy attenuation. The compliant mechanism array in the liner is optimized using a multi-material topology optimization algorithm. The performance of the LCM liner design is compared with the one obtained by expanded polypropylene (EPP) foam, which is traditionally used in sport helmets. An impact test is carried out using explicit, dynamic, nonlinear finite element analysis. The parameters under consideration include the internal energy, the peak linear force, as well as von Mises stress and effective plastic strain distributions. Although there is a small increase in stress and strain values, the simulations show that the maximum internal of the LCM liner design is four times the one of the foam design while the peak linear force is reduced to about half. While the use of the LCM liner design is intended for sports helmets, this design may find application in other energy absorbing structures such as crashworthy vehicle components, blast mitigating structures, and protective gear.
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Nunes, Joao P., Joao F. Silva, and Paulo J. Antunes. "Domestic Gas Cylinders Manufactured by Using a Composite Hybrid Steel Glass Reinforced Thermoplastic Matrix Solution." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25822.

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The use of polymer composites allows effectively minimizing the weight, improving aesthetics, promoting handling, and also increasing the vessels mechanical, impact, and corrosion behavior [1]. Since filament winding technique appeared in late 1950s as very suitable production process to manufacture rotationally advanced structures [2–7], such as rocket engine cases, an extensive work has been carried out on the development of new processing possibilities. The improvements occurred until the 1980s as consequence of the computer evolution, give finally birth to the modern polar and multi-axle CNC-controlled filament winding machines that are easily integrated in CAD/CAM environments and allow process almost all exotic shapes with very high accurate fiber placement, speed, and quality control [8]. In this work, continuous glass/polypropylene (GF/PP) commingled fiber tapes were employed to produce wrapped pressure gas vessels for domestic applications by using filament winding. The vessel structural-wall was built using a hybrid solution consisting in a very thin steel liner over wrapped by the filament wounded GF/PP commingled fiber tape layers. FEM analysis was used to evaluate if the composite gas pressure vessel based on the hybrid solution (steel liner plus glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic) is capable to withstand the following pressure requirements: the metallic liner, alone, a minimum burst pressure of 4MPa and whole hybrid composite vessel minima internal test and burst pressures of 3MPa and 6.75 MPa, respectively. Finally, gas pressure vessel prototypes manufactured in industrial conditions were submitted to burst pressure and electrostatic tests to prove that they accomplish all European standard strength requirements. The electrostatic tests were made to evaluate the risk of dangerous electrostatic discharges occurring in the worst service conditions described in the Annex C of the EN 13463-1 standard [9]. Two types of electrostatic discharge risks were evaluated: i) possibility of the brush discharge occur from the external non-conductive surface of the composite cylinders due to the accumulation of electrical charges generated in service by rubbing or contact of the cylinder with a high voltage power supply, and ii) possibility of the brush discharge occur through the gas cylinder metallic conductive filling valve due to the accumulation of electrical charges on the internal steel liner as result from the normal service cylinder shaking.
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Tocchetto, R. S., L. A. Barros, M. S. Rabello, and J. R. M. D'Almeida. "Degradation Study of Polypropylene Based Composites Containing Weld Lines." In International Mobility Technology Conference and Exhibit. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/1999-01-3005.

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Hakamada, Hitoshi, and Takahisa Yotsuya. "On-Line Paintable Polypropylene Compounds for Automobile Body Panels." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/900837.

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Huang, Shiyao, Patti Tibbenham, Lingxuan Su, Danielle Zeng, Mayme Philbrick, Jin Zhou, and Xuming Su. "Influence of Weld Lines on the Mechanical Properties of Talc Filled Polypropylene." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-1306.

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Wong, Shing-Chung, Shiyue Qu, Hyukjae Lee, and Shankar Mall. "Instrumented Indentation on Intercalated Clay Reinforced Polypropylene Nanocomposites." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-15904.

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Instrumented indentation techniques were employed to investigate the local stiffness in comparison to the global stiffness in organomodified clay filled maleated polypropylene (MAPP). The morphology of composites was observed under transmission electron microscopy. Both highly intercalated and well exfoliated clay structures were observed in clay filled MAPP system. As a result, the region where indentation load was applied could be considered as the local composite system. Instrumented indentation was performed on three distinct positions: (a) clay intercalated and congregated region supported by MAPP matrix; (b) aggregate-MAPP boundary; and (c) the MAPP alone. The clay aggregated region generally showed higher stiffness as compared to the MAPP matrix. And, the relative increase in indentation stiffness is substantially higher than the relative increase in tensile and compressive stiffnesses. Good linear correlation obtained between the changes in global and local indentation stiffness suggests plausible future application of nanoindentation technique in predicting the mechanical properties of the composite bulk. Furthermore, the highly intercalated morphology clearly provides a local and highly confined nanocomposite system similar to natural materials with optimum stiffening potential.
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Norsworthy, Richard. "High Temperature Pipeline Coatings Using Polypropylene Over Fusion Bonded Epoxy." In 1996 1st International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc1996-1830.

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The following is a discussion of test results and application techniques for high temperature pipe line coatings of polypropylene over fusion bonded epoxy. Recent tests to internal temperatures of 150°C (300°F) indicate these coatings, when applied properly, will perform well at these temperatures. Test results from several different tests are included. Repairs, field joints and bend coating with these type coatings are discussed. Problems during and after application are summarized. Use of well written specifications and experienced, dedicated inspectors add to the quality of the coating process. As industry moves to hotter and hotter production, these factors become even more critical in the pipeline coating process.
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Mary Atieno, Juma, Xuliang Zhang, and He Song bai. "Variations in Hoop Stresses among Silicon Dioxide, Polystyrene and Polypropylene Carbonate Through Silicon Via Liners." In 2015 Joint International Mechanical, Electronic and Information Technology Conference. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/jimet-15.2015.205.

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Boo, Joon Hong, and Won Bok Chung. "Thermal Performance of a Loop Heat Pipe Having Polypropylene Wick in a Flat Evaporator." In ASME 2005 Summer Heat Transfer Conference collocated with the ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2005-72714.

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A small-scale loop heat pipe (LHP) with polypropylene (PP) wick was fabricated and tested for its thermal performance. The container and tubing of the system were made of stainless steel and several working fluids were used including methanol, ethanol, acetone, and ammonia. The heater and the evaporator were sized so that the system can be applied to a local thermal control including electronics cooling. The heating area was 35 mm × 35 mm and there were nine axial grooves in the flat evaporator (40 by 50 mm) to provide a vapor passage. The pore size of the polypropylene wick inside the evaporator was varied from 0.5 μm to 25 μm. The size of condenser was 40 mm (W) × 50 mm (L) in which ten coolant paths were provided. The inner diameters of liquid and vapor transport lines were 2.0 mm and 4.0 mm, respectively and the length of the two lines was 0.5 m each. The start-up transient as well as steady-state operation was investigated with maximum system operating temperature of 90°C, which was imposed to protect the PP from permanent deformation. The minimum thermal load of 10 W (0.8 W/cm2) and maximum thermal load of 80 W (6.5 W/cm2) were achieved using methanol as working fluid with the condenser temperature of 20°C at horizontal position. For a LHP with ammonia as working fluid, the minimum thermal load of 1 W and maximum thermal load of 87 W (7.1 W/cm2) were achieved for condenser temperature of 0°C at horizontal position. The minimum system thermal resistance was 0.65 K/W.
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Boyd, Helen, Erwan Karjadi, Harm Demmink, Guido Ridolfi, and Han Keijzers. "Material Property Testing for Finite Element Modelling of Coatings." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23837.

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In 2012 and 2013 Heerema Marine Contractors (HMC) performed full installation testing (bend, roller, tensioner and friction clamp) on pipes with different types of coating ranging from three layer polypropylene to thick insulation coating. The material property data as supplied by the coaters and/or the material suppliers appeared to have insufficient details for HMC to develop a model for the coated pipes. In order to obtain the missing details, HMC undertook a program of material finger printing for all coating materials used in the recent full scale testing in order to establish our own baseline for material properties. The reasons for doing so were; i) the data sheets from different suppliers of similar products were based on different test procedures and the results were not directly comparable, ii) initial testing indicated that the results quoted on the data sheets could not always be achieved by HMC and iii) the data as provided by the suppliers appeared to be not sufficient to be used for material models for finite element analysis. The focus to date has been on polyurethane based insulation materials, both for line pipe coating and for field joint coating, although the plan is to continue with polypropylene based insulation materials. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the setup of the full scale level winder and bend tests, the measurements and observations from the tests, the preliminary finite element analyses of the coating and the findings from the finger printing testing to date.
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