Journal articles: 'Polypropylene monofilament fibers'

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Ouyang, Dong, Lin Jie Kong, Hao Fu, Liu Li Lu, Long Liao, and Chen Wu Huang. "Experimental Investigations on Mechanical Properties and Fire Resistance of Steel-Polypropylene Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 772 (September 2013): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.772.182.

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This paper investigates the mechanical properties and the fire resistance of steel-polypropylene hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete. The type of the polypropylene fibers are polypropylene monofilament fiber, polypropylene fibrillated fiber, and macro polypropylene fiber, and the type of the steel fibers is hooked steel fiber. The experimental results show that the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural properties of steel-macro polypropylene hybrid fiber reinforced concrete are better than any others. And the fire resistance of steel-monofilament polypropylene hybrid fiber reinforced concrete is the best.

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Srisawat, Natee, Manit Nithitanakul, and Kawee Srikulkit. "Spinning and Characterization of Silica/Polypropylene Nanocomposite Fibers." Advanced Materials Research 545 (July 2012): 335–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.545.335.

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The preparation of nanocomposite resins by solution (toluene) mixing was conducted, aiming at disaggregating silica agglomerates down into primary nanoparticles. The obtained nanocomposite resin was spun into monofilament fibers using ThermoHaake® single screw extruder. The characterizations including morphological analyses (SEM and AFM) and crystallization profile (DSC). AFM images revealed that silica particles having nanoscale sizes were evenly distributed on the surface. The presence of silica nanoparticles resulted at higher crystallization temperature (Tc) of the nanocomposite fiber when compared to those of neat fiber. As a result, the shrinkage resistance of the nanocomposite fibers was significantly improved due to an effective reinforcement. The surface hydrophobicity of the nanocomposite fibers was found higher than neat fiber due to an increase in surface roughness arising from the presence of nanoparticles on the surface.

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Li, Xue Fei, and Tao Guo. "Research on Polypropylene Fiber and Mineral Admixtures on Fluidity of Cement-Based Materials." Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (September 2011): 1301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.1301.

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The purpose of this paper is based on the cement-based materials by adding fibers and mineral admixtures for composite, to cement the improvement of liquidity. Experiment with the intensity level of 42.5 ordinary portland cement, by adding polypropylene fibers, slag and fly ash cement mortar as a mineral admixture, the production of cement mortar matrix for the test, were conducted on a variety of mix Fluidity test. Experiments show that the addition of polypropylene fiber is not conducive to the mobility of mortar, especially monofilament fiber was more obvious than the reticular fibers. To join the slag, fly ash, mortar fluidity increased, indicating that slag and fly ash added to improve the workability of cement-based materials. When the fiber content reaches the maximum degree of maximum flow, indicating that slag, fly ash and polypropylene fibers will increase the combined effect of fluidity value. This innovation is obtained by adding fiber cement-based materials for toughening effect, with the use of mineral admixture can improve the overall performance of cement based materials, with further research and promotion value.

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Ahmad, Saeed, Ayub Elahi, Hafiz Waheed Iqbal, and Faiza Mehmood. "Effects of Incorporating Fiber Cocktail on Mechanical Properties of Concrete." MATEC Web of Conferences 203 (2018): 06011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820306011.

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The objective of this research work was to determine the effect of fiber cocktail on mechanical properties of concrete. Three types of fibers were used namely monofilament polypropylene fiber, steel fiber and glass fiber. Steel and glass fiber were incorporated in concrete at different dosages while the content of Polypropylene fiber was kept constant. For this purpose, cubes (150×150×150mm) and prisms (101×101×508mm) were casted for compressive strength test on cubes and Two-Point load test on prisms. Eighteen different mixes were prepared such as control mix, single fiber concrete, double hybrid concrete and triple hybrid concrete. It was observed that both compressive and flexural strength increased with addition of single, double and triple fibers. However, the strengths of triple hybrid concrete were observed to be lesser as compared to single and double hybrid concrete.

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Bouzouita, Sofien, Michelle Salvia, Hachmi Ben Daly, A. Dogui, and E. Forest. "Effect of Fiber Treatment on Fiber Strength and Fiber/Matrix Interface of Hemp Reinforced Polypropylene Composites." Advanced Materials Research 112 (May 2010): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.112.1.

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The use of natural fibers as reinforcement in composites is emerging. Several studies are underway to improve the mechanical characteristics of these fibers and its matrix interface properties for better load transfer. However, the treatments generally used are relatively expensive and complicated to apply. This work deals with the effect of new Fibroline process on tensile and interfacial properties of hemp fiber reinforced in polypropylene. Fibroline is a dry powder impregnation method which consists of submitting fibers and polymer powder under strong alternating electric field. Morphology and tensile properties of hemp fibers after different surface treatments (raw, dried, raw and Fibroline-treated, dried and Fibroline-treated) are evaluated. Interface properties of treated hemp fibers on polypropylene matrix are then characterized by fragmentation test of monofilament composites. Results showed the Fibroline treatment reduces the fiber mechanical properties but improves the load transfer efficiency due to random generation of surface cracks and better fiber/matrix adherence, respectively. For the case of dried and Fibroline-treated hemp fibers, large decrease in mechanical and interfacial properties was observed.

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Ozyildirim, Celik, Cristopher Moen, and Shannon Hladky. "Investigation of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete for Use in Transportation Structures." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1574, no. 1 (1997): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1574-09.

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Results are presented of a laboratory investigation to determine the properties of fiber-reinforced concretes (FRCs) with steel (hooked-end), polypropylene (monofilament and fibrillated), and the recently introduced polyolefin fibers (monofilament) for application in pavements and bridge deck overlays. Concrete properties in the unhardened and hardened states were evaluated and compared. Although the ultimate splitting tensile strength, compressive strength, and first-crack strength were higher in most of the FRCs, when strength values were adjusted for changes in air content, only a few batches had higher strengths. The addition of fibers resulted in great improvements in flexural toughness and impact resistance. Three FRC pavement overlays were applied in Virginia in 1995. The FRCs used in the projects were similar to those used in the laboratory investigation, with similar fiber volumes, types, and sizes. To implement the findings of the study successfully, the performance of the FRC pavement overlays is being monitored.

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Mobasher, Barzin, Vikram Dey, Jacob Bauchmoyer, Himai Mehere, and Steve Schaef. "Reinforcing Efficiency of Micro and Macro Continuous Polypropylene Fibers in Cementitious Composites." Applied Sciences 9, no. 11 (2019): 2189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9112189.

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The effect of the microstructure of hydrophilic polypropylene (PP) fibers in the distribution of cracking associated with the strengthening and toughening mechanism of cement-based composites under tensile loading was studied. Using a filament winding system, continuous cement-based PP fiber composites were manufactured. The automated manufacturing system allows alignment of the fiber yarns in the longitudinal direction at various fiber contents. Composites with surface-modified hydrophilic macro-synthetic continuous polypropylene fibers and monofilament yarns with different diameters and surface structures were used. Samples were characterized using the tensile first cracking strength, post-crack stiffness, ultimate strength, and strain capacity. A range of volume fractions of 1–4% by volume of fibers was used, resulting in tensile first cracking strength in the range of 1–7 MPa, an ultimate strength of up to 22 MPa, and a strain capacity of 6%. The reinforcing efficiency based on crack spacing and width was documented as a function of the applied strain using digital image correlation (DIC). Quantitative analysis of crack width and spacing showed the sequential formation and gradual intermittent opening of several active and passive cracks as the key parameters in the toughening mechanism. Results are correlated with the tensile response and stiffness degradation. The mechanical properties, as well as crack spacing and composite stiffness, were significantly affected by the microstructure and dosage of continuous fibers.

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Loh, Leong Tatt, Ming Kun Yew, Ming Chian Yew, et al. "Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Synthetic Polypropylene Fiber–Reinforced Renewable Oil Palm Shell Lightweight Concrete." Materials 14, no. 9 (2021): 2337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14092337.

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Oil palm shell (OPS) is an agricultural solid waste from the extraction process of palm oil. All these wastes from industry pose serious disposal issues for the environment. This research aims to promote the replacement of conventional coarse aggregates with eco-friendly OPS aggregate which offers several advantages, such as being lightweight, renewable, and domestically available. This paper evaluates the mechanical and thermal performances of renewable OPS lightweight concrete (LWC) reinforced with various type of synthetic polypropylene (SPP) fibers. Monofilament polypropylene (MPS) and barchip polypropylene straight (BPS) were added to concrete at different volume fractions (singly and hybrid) of 0%, 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.4%. All specimens were mixed by using a new mixing method with a time saving of up to 14.3% compared to conventional mixing methods. The effects of SPP fibers on the mechanical properties were investigated by compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and residual strength. The strength of the oil palm shell lightweight concrete hybrid 0.4% (OPSLWC–HYB–0.4%) mixture achieved the highest compressive strength of 29 MPa at 28 days. The inclusion of 0.3% of BPS showed a positive outcome with the lowest thermal conductivity value at 0.55 W/m °C. Therefore, the results revealed that incorporation of BPS fiber enhanced the performance of thermal conductivity tests as compared to inclusion of MPS fiber. Hence, renewable OPS LWC was proven to be a highly recommended environmentally friendly aggregate as an alternative solution to replace natural aggregates used in the concrete industry.

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Pei, Meishan, Dujin Wang, Ying Zhao, et al. "Surface treatments of subdenier monofilament polypropylene fibers to optimize their reinforcing efficiency in cementitious composites." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 92, no. 4 (2004): 2637–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.20272.

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SHIM, E., JUNG OK PARK, and MOHAN SRINIVASARAO. "FORCED COATING OF POLYPROPYLENE FIBERS WITH NON-WETTING FLUIDS: THE SCALING OF THE FILM THICKNESS." Modern Physics Letters B 22, no. 22 (2008): 2043–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984908016649.

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The film thickness of free-meniscus coating of a polymeric fiber with a non-wetting fluid was investigated. A polypropylene monofilament fiber was coated with various glycerol/water mixtures. With a small capillary number (Ca), a detectable liquid film did not form on the fiber due to the non-wettability of the fiber-liquid system. Above a certain threshold velocity, liquid was forced to wet the fiber by hydrodynamic forces, thus forming a film. However, the film thickness in this region is lower than Landau–Levich–Derjaguin (LLD) theoretical value for the wetting system. At a moderate velocity range, the film thickness increases to a value predicted either by the LLD law or White–Tallmadge (WT) model, depending on the velocity, mimicking that of the wetting system. At a higher Ca, the film thickness increases much more rapidly, deviating from any predictions, due to the inertial effect.

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El-Marsafy, S. M. "Using fibers in the reinforcement of concrete." Material Science Research India 7, no. 1 (2010): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/msri/070105.

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The main target of the present research is to study the possibility of utilizing used (recycled) polypropylene (PP) packages in the reinforcement of concrete as an alternate for the virgin mono-filament and mesh PP currently in use in Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (FRC). The over-arching benefits of loading concrete with used PP may be summarized as: reducing the cost of FRC as a step towards wider range of applications, as well as utilizing a solid waste as a step towards a cleaner environment. In the present work PP fibers of different geometry (mesh, monofilament and recycled) are added to concrete in different concentrations namely: 0.1% by volume, equivalent to 900 gm fiber/m3 concrete and 0.2% by volume equivalent to 1800 gm fiber/m3 concrete. The concrete specimens are subjected to both normal (soaking in water) and severe (soaking in acids at various concentrations) conditions, for periods of time: 7, 14 and 21 days. Compressive strength test was applied for all prepared blocks after soaking for 7, 14 and 21 days and the average values are recorded. The results obtained for the FRC are compared with those of the blank sample. Results showed that incorporating PP to concrete blocks leads to an enhancement in the compressive strength with increasing the incorporated-fiber concentration up till 0.1%, above which the compressive strength decreased significantly. On soaking in H2SO4, the highest strength for the three types of PP fibers was recorded after 14 days, after which the strength deteriorated rapidly until it reached the lowest value after 21 days. X-Ray analysis was applied in an attempt to interpret the obtained results.

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Пряхин, A. Pryakhin, Калинина, E. Kalinina, Кулаев, and I. Kulaev. "Comparative Experimental Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Composition and PTFE Prostheses in Plastic Hiatal Hernia." Journal of New Medical Technologies 22, no. 1 (2015): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/9088.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal synthetic material for prosthetic hiatal hernia. Materials and methods. Experimental study was carried out in 24 adult rabbits of different sexes. In the ex-periment prosthetic hernioplasty hiatal hernia was simulated. The animals were divided into two groups: 12 hernioplasty with implantation of a monofilament macroporous lightweight composite prosthesis (50% polypropylene, 50% monocryl) and 12 hernioplasty with implantation of a microporous prosthesis from polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE. Comparative analysis of reparative processes in the implantation of endoprosthesis was carried out in the 7th, 30th, 90th and 180th postoperative day. Results. Intra-operative complications in the groups didn’t registered. In the postoperative period after implanta-tion of the composite prosthesis in all periods, the complication wasn’t identified. There are the complications in 3 cases (25%) of the use of PTFE prosthesis in the late postoperative. One patient was found to displacement of the implant on 90th day of the experiment, and 2 observations - cigar-shaped deformation of the prosthesis on the 90th and 180th days of the postoperative period. Feature of the morphological picture in the implantation of the prosthesis PTFE was a large amount of thick convoluted collagen fibers, not germinating implant. The implant is made of composite material, was surrounded by a thin, soft fiber, uniform layer of mature connective tissue with an orderly arrangement of collagen fibers sprouting prosthesis. Conclusion. It was established that the most suitable implant for plastic hiatal hernia is a composite prosthesis as firmly fixed to the diaphragm germinating its connective tissue and has no tendency to shift. The implantation of PTFE prosthesis has a more favorable course of the wound process, however, the implant doesn&#180;t invade connective tissue and is encapsulated with the formation of rough scar.

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Xu, Xiangqian, Weilv Wu, and Wenbin Xu. "Sulfate-Dependent Shear Behavior of Cementing Fiber-Reinforced Tailings and Rock." Minerals 10, no. 11 (2020): 1032. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10111032.

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A better understanding of the shear behavior of the interface between cemented paste backfill (CPB) and the surrounding rock is critical for constructing cost-effective, durable, and reliable CPB structures. In practice, CPBs suffer sulfate attack during their service life, and as a typical cementitious material, the CPB itself has disadvantages, such as high brittleness, easy cracking, and insufficient durability, which restrict the further popularization and application of CPB technology. Thus, in this study, direct shear tests, electrical conductivity (EC) and thermal gravity/differential thermal gravimetric (TG/DTG) analyses were conducted to research the effects of different amounts of monofilament polypropylene fibers (0%, 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%; by mass of the sum of the dry tailings and cement) and initial sulfate concentrations (0 mg/L, 5000 mg/L and 25,000 mg/L) on the shear behavior of the fiber-reinforced CPBs and rock (FR-CPB/rock) interface, and the Mohr–Coulomb shear envelop was used to fit the shear strength of specimens with various periods (1 day, 3 days, 7 days, and 28 days) under various stresses (50 kPa, 100 kPa, 150 kPa). The experimental testing results indicated that the fibers generally enhance the performance of the shear behavior of the FR-CPB/rock interface and the optimal fiber content correlates to the initial sulfate concentration. For the same treatment time (7 days), a fiber content of 0.1% contributes to the best shear performance for the FR-CPB/rock interface with a sulfate concentration of 5000 mg/L. For the sulfate-free and 25,000 mg/L concentration specimens, 0.3% is the optimal fiber content. Furthermore, for the studied interface specimens, sulfate content can play a positive (the refinement of the pore structure) or negative (the sulfate retardation effect) role in the interface shear behavior between the FR-CPB and rock, depending on the treatment time, the initial sulfate concentration, and the fiber content. For the specimens treated for 7 days and 28 days, the specimens with initial sulfate concentrations of 5000 mg/L and 25,000 mg/L achieved the highest peak shear strengths, respectively. The outcomes of this paper present a substantial reference for the design and optimization of underground FR-CPB structures under sulfate attack.

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TZIMTZIMIS (Ε. ΤΖΙΜΤΖΙΜΗΣ), E., та L. PAPAZOGLOU (Λ. ΠΑΠΑΖΟΓΛΟΥ). "Ιδιότητες των ραμμάτων που χρησιμοποιούνται στην κτηνιατρική χειρουργική". Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 63, № 4 (2017): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15444.

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Sutures are necessary for wound healing in surgery and for ligation of vessels. Many of sutures currently available are classified according to their characteristics, such as the tensile strength, the elasticity, the plasticity, the pliability, the knot security, the memory, the capillarity, the tissue drag and the tissue reactivity. Regarding the rate of reduction of tensile strength, sutures are widely classified as absorbable, used in tissue closure that do not require long-term support, and non-absorbable, used whenever prolonged mechanical support is required. Sutures are also classified as natural or synthetic, as well as monofilament or multifilament depending on origin or structure, respectively. Sutures are available in different sizes. As suture’s size increases, increase in the tensile strength also occurs. Absorbablesutures described in this review include catgut, polydioxanone, polyglyconate, glycomer 631, polyglycolic acid, polyglactin 910, poliglecaprone 25,polyglytone 6211 and lactomer 9-1. Non-absorbable sutures described in this review include surgical silk, cotton, nylon,polymerised caprolactam, polyester fibers, polybutester, polypropylene and stainless steel. Usually, sutures are attached to surgical needles creating a continuous unit. Needles are classified based on their shape, length, way of suture attachment and cross-section of body and point. The latter property divides needles into blunt, taper and cutting; the selection of the appropriate type is based on the tissue that has to be sutured. Sutures in modern veterinary surgery are usually available in disposable sterilized packages.

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Jiménez, Laura, A. M. Rocha, I. Aranberri, José A. Covas, and A. P. Catarino. "Electrically Conductive Monofilaments for Smart Textiles." Advances in Science and Technology 60 (September 2008): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.60.58.

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The main objective of this work is to develop conductive yarns to be used as electrical wiring in e-textiles with the typical mechanical properties of a textile yarn. Present work deals with the study of conductive polymer composites filaments of PP (polypropylene) with CB (carbon black), carbon black of high conductivity (CBHC) and CF (carbon fibers) .The novelty of this work resides in creating oriented filaments using traditional fiber processing techniques together with a specially designed drafting machine. In the authors’ opinion, the composite conductivity could be improved with the orientation of the (nano)carbon-based fillers by melt drawing after extrusion in order to facilitate the flow channels creation.

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Chen, Yu Peng, Wen Hong Tao, Xing Hua Fu, Li Yuan Dong, and Hai Tao Yu. "Study on Preparation and Properties of Vitrified Beads-Polystyrene Particles Insulation Mortar." Applied Mechanics and Materials 538 (April 2014): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.538.3.

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Orthogonal testing method was used to study the effects of polystyrene particles, hydrophobic agent, air-entraining agent, polypropylene monofilament fiber on dry density, compressive strength, water absorption and softening coefficient of composite insulation mortar. The optimal ratio was obtained as: 3% of the weight are polystyrene particles, 0.2% is hydrophobic agent, air-entraining agent counts for 0.4wt%，and polypropylene monofilament fiber 0.6%. The main performances of the mortar were recorded as: dry density was 228Kg/m3, 28 day compressive strength after conserved for 28 days was 0.54MPa, and thermal conductivity 0.0596W/(m•K). Microstructure of the composite insulation mortar was analyzed by SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and its function mechanism was studied preliminarily.

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Matsouka, Dimitroula, Savvas Vassiliadis, Derman Vatansever Bayramol, Navneet Soin, and Elias Siores. "Investigation of the durability and stability of piezoelectric textile fibres." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 28, no. 5 (2016): 663–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x16657202.

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Polymers such as polyvinylidene difluoride, polypropylene and polyamide-11 show great promise for providing light-weight, flexible and fibrous piezoelectric materials that can be integrated into technical textile fabric structures for energy harvesting applications. Durability is an important parameter for the textiles and especially for functional and smart materials. This research work provides an insight on the piezoelectric behaviour of polypropylene, polyamide-11 and polyvinylidene difluoride in terms of peak-to-peak voltage generation capabilities after washing at 40°C with the addition of detergent as described in test method BS EN ISO 105-C06:2010. It was observed that the peak-to-peak voltage generated by polypropylene monofilaments retained similar values with only slight differences, while the monofilaments of polyvinylidene difluoride and polyamide-11 showed higher peak-to-peak voltage generation after washing. These changes have been explained using the changes in the crystallinity and phase, as determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis.

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Pei, Meishan, Dujin Wang, Xianbo Hu, et al. "Performance characteristics of subdenier monofilament polypropylene fiber reinforced mortars." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 94, no. 6 (2004): 2251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.20830.

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Barish, Leo. "The structure of sunlight-degraded polypropylene textile fibers." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 45 (August 1987): 470–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100127050.

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Most investigations relating to the miorostructure of light-degraded polypropylene have been made on film or bulk polymer. Some studies have been made in monofilaments but little on fine textile-grade fiber.Sunlight-degraded polypropylene fibers were obtained from the top surface of an automobile seat cover that had been in service for about five years. The degraded fibers were taken from an area at the top of the back cushion beneath the non-tinted rear window; an area not subject to abrasion but very susceptible to direct sunlight. The origin of these fibers is unknown as is the possible presence of photoinhibitors. From a shaded, undamaged part of the seat cover, undegraded fibers were obtained and examined; they appeared to be round, slightly crimped, bright with little pigmentation, and measured 31.8 μm in diameter, which corresponds to a nominal 0.72 tex or 6.5 denier.

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Tamura, Nami, Tetsuya Sakai, and Toshimasa Hashimoto. "TL glow curve and stress-strain behavior of polypropylene monofilament irradiated by UV-ray." Sen'i Gakkaishi 53, no. 11 (1997): 489–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.53.11_489.

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Lv, Chen, Zhi Li Zhong, Hong Jie Zhang, Na Zhang, and Hua Wu Liu. "The Influence of Heat Setting on Polypropylene Woven Filter Cloth." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 771–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.771.

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In order to study the change of the filter cloth and the change of supramolecular structure after heat setting, two groups of filtering cloths were produced using polypropylene monofilament, Scanning electron microscope, IR Spectrometer FTIR and differential scanning calorimeter were used to observe the structure variation before and after heat setting. It was found that the fabrics in different groups exhibited significantly different surface structures, after heat setting. In addition, the infrared spectrogram and DSC data revealed that supramolecular structure of polypropylene fiber did not change after heat setting, since no new chemical bond was observed after heat setting.

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Consoli, N. C., R. R. de Moraes, and L. Festugato. "Split tensile strength of monofilament polypropylene fiber-reinforced cemented sandy soils." Geosynthetics International 18, no. 2 (2011): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/gein.2011.18.2.57.

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Pistol, Klaus, Frank Weise, Birgit Meng, and Ulrich Diederichs. "Polypropylene Fibres and Micro Cracking in Fire Exposed Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 897 (February 2014): 284–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.897.284.

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Though, concrete in general is a non-combustible building material, modern High Performance Concrete (HPC) is very susceptible to violent explosive spalling during a fire attack. This requires protective measures for fire safety design of concrete structures. The current most worthwhile method to prevent explosive spalling is the addition of monofilament Polypropylene fibres (PP-fibres). However, since it has become common knowledge that PP-fibres are suitable for fire safety design, a variety of theories concerning the mode of action of PP-fibres have been suggested. The present article summarizes the most important hypothesis and presents an innovative method for the analysis of micro structural processes in heated specimens. The results show that due to the thermal decomposition of PP-fibres capillary channels are created. Simultaneously, a netlike micro crack formation occurs, which connects these capillary channels. This enables the relief of internal stresses (mechanical effect) and the formation of a permeable transport system for the escaping water vapour (permeation effect).

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Kunimitsu, Tatsuma, Chisa Ikeda, Shuntaro Oshima, et al. "Effects of Draw Ratio and Additive on Knot-Pull Breaking Phenomenon in a Polypropylene Monofilament." Journal of Fiber Science and Technology 76, no. 12 (2020): 403–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiberst.2020-0045.

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Gao, Run Dong, Qing Feng Xu, Xiang Min Li, and Min Shan Du. "Experimental Research on Pervious Concrete Mixed with Polypropylene Split Fiber(PPSF)." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 1894–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.1894.

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Performance tests are conducted on pervious concrete mixed with Polypropylene Split Fiber (PPSF), in which basic indexes such as compressive strength, splitting strength, flexural strength, porosity, permeability coefficient are measured. Results indicate: mixed with certain amount of PPSF in ordinary pervious concrete is feasible, and during mixing PPSF is split into uniformly distributed monofilament fiber without occurrence of agglomeration or rustiness; incorporating 3kg PPSF in 1m3 pervious concrete is proper, under which compared with the ordinary pervious concrete, both porosity and permeability coefficient are decreased, but application requirements are still met, while strength is increased obviously; the pervious concrete mixed with PPSF can be used in ordinary light traffic pavements.

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Westgate, Paul, Kevin Paine, and Richard J. Ball. "Physical and mechanical properties of plasters incorporating aerogel granules and polypropylene monofilament fibres." Construction and Building Materials 158 (January 2018): 472–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.09.177.

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Titov, Valeriy A., Tatyana G. Shikova, Sergey A. Smirnov, Alexander A. Ovtsyn, Lyudmila A. Kuzmicheva, and Anna V. Khlustova. "GAS PRODUCTS OF ARGON PLASMA INTERACTION WITH POLYARAMID AND POLY(ETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE)." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 59, no. 7 (2018): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.20165907.5419.

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Non-equilibrium plasma is widely used for surface modification of polymer materials. Reactions of plasma active species with polymers lead not only to the surface modification, but to the formation of gaseous products, which change the plasma composition and internal plasma parameters. It results in the dependence of surface etching and modification kinetics on the quantity of material been treated (on sample sizes in a reactor). These phenomena are known as so called “loading effect” and have been studied for the treatment of polypropylene and polyimide films, poly(ethylene terephthalate) films and fabrics in oxygen and air plasma. It can be expected that gas products of noble gas plasma action on polymers will change strongly plasma parameters and modification results. In this paper, experimental data are represented on composition of gas products and their evolution rates at the treatment of polyaramid films, fibers and poly(ethylene terephthalate) fabric in low-pressure argon plasma. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) textile fabric (PET) made of monofilament yarns (SAATI, S.p.A., Italy) and polyaramide (PA) films and complex yarns “Rusar®” (Termotex, Russia) were used in experiments. Direct current discharge was excited in a flow of argon (technical grade) in a glass tube reactor with 3 cm inner diameter. Fabric samples were placed as cylinders on the reactor wall in the discharge positive column. Square of PET samples was varied from 18 to 111 cm2. The PA yarns with the total length of 550 or 1020 cm were placed in the reactor on special holder with the length of 20 cm. Total gas pressure in reactor was varied from 30 to 300 Pa at discharge current of 20 – 110 mA. Gas flow rate in the reactor was kept constant and equal to 30 cm´s-1. Gas phase analysis was carried out by the methods of plasma emission spectroscopy and mass-spectrometry. Plasma emission spectra and mass-spectra show evolution of H2, CO and H2O molecules at the treatment of PA and PET in argon plasma. Evolution rates for different gas products and their mole fractions have been obtained as functions of total gas pressure. Increase in polymer sample square has been shown to result in changing the ratios between evolution rates for different gas products. Sum of CO, H2 and H2O mole fractions increases with polymer sample square and decreases with gas pressure. Dissociation of molecular gas products results in the changing plasma active species. Oxygen and hydrogen atom lines and OH emission bands are observed in plasma emission spectra. Alteration of intensity ratio for О(3p3P ® 3s3S0) and Ar (4p3D3 ® 4s3P2) lines (IO/IAr) versus time after discharge starting shows the possible participation of oxygen atoms in heterogeneous reactions with polymers. Evolution of molecular gas products of heterogeneous reactions influences plasma properties and rates of plasma chemical reactions. The data obtained will be used for the further analysis of mechanisms of heterogeneous reactions of plasma active species with polymers.

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Badakhsh, Arash, Woong Han, Sang-Chul Jung, Kay-Hyeok An, and Byung-Joo Kim. "Preparation of Boron Nitride-Coated Carbon Fibers and Synergistic Improvement of Thermal Conductivity in Their Polypropylene-Matrix Composites." Polymers 11, no. 12 (2019): 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11122009.

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The purpose of this study is to prepare boron nitride (BN)-coated carbon fibers (CF) and to investigate the properties of as-prepared fibers as well as the effect of coating on their respective polymer–matrix composites. A sequence of solution dipping and heat treatment was performed to blanket the CFs with a BN microlayer. The CFs were first dipped in a boric acid solution and then annealed in an ammonia–nitrogen mixed gas atmosphere for nitriding. The presence of BN on the CF surface was confirmed using FTIR, XPS, and SEM analyses. Polypropylene was reinforced with BN–CFs as the first filler and graphite flake as the secondary filler. The composite characterization indicates approximately 60% improvement in through-plane thermal conductivity and about 700% increase in the electrical resistivity of samples containing BN-CFs at 20 phr. An increase of two orders of magnitude in the electrical resistivity of BN–CF monofilaments was also observed.

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KOYAMA, Terumasa, Shuichi TANOUE, and Yoshiyuki IEMOTO. "Preparation and Properties of Polypropylene/Vapor Grown Carbon Fiber Composite Monofilaments by Melt Compounding." Journal of Textile Engineering 55, no. 3 (2009): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4188/jte.55.73.

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Diaper, C., T. Stephenson, and S. J. Judd. "Influence of configuration and substrate on the properties of dynamically formed membranes." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 9 (1996): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0225.

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Dynamically formed membranes (DFMs) are produced by forming a chemical sub-layer on an inert porous support surface (substrate). In this study, various DFM substrates have been examined: a tubular carbon substrate coated with a ZrO2-TiO2 layer, a flat sheet ceramic substrate supported by a stainless steel mesh, a selection of polypropylene woven media and an extruded polymeric microfiltration membrane. The woven media used are made from combinations of monofilament, multifilament and staple fibres - and a surface-coated polyester weave has also been examined. Zirconium (IV) oxide and polyacrylic acid (ZrO/PAA) are used to form the DFM on the substrates. The influence of the configuration and substrate material on the performance of the DFM has been studied in terms of the normalised permeate flux and salt rejection. A stable DFM was formed on the carbon, ceramic and the extruded polymer substrates. An unstable Zr(IV)O membrane was formed on the surface-coated polyester substrate and a fumed silica precoat has been used to form a DFM on one of the woven polypropylene media. However, the DFM formed on the latter did not exhibit a rejection performance comparable to the other DFMs formed.

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Hu, Yanyan, and Linlin Ma. "Effect of Surface Treatment of Polypropylene (PP) Fiber on the Sulfate Corrosion Resistance of Cement Mortar." Materials 14, no. 13 (2021): 3690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14133690.

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Sulfate erosion is one of the most complex and harmful chemical corrosion actions. Following sulfate erosion, concrete expands, cracks, dissolves, peels off, and decreases in strength, which affects the durability of structures. Polypropylene fiber (PP) is widely used in various concrete structures because of its good mechanical properties and chemical corrosion resistance. However, PP fiber has a number of shortcomings, such as a smooth surface, poor hydrophilicity, lack of active groups in the molecular chain, and agglomeration and poor dispersion in cement-based materials. These issues limit its application in cement-based materials. Although the use of a silane coupling agent to modify the surface of PP fiber is effective, the influence of treated PP fiber on the sulfate resistance of cement-based materials is not significant. In this study, a PP fiber treated with a silane coupling agent was used to examine effects of different cement-to-sand ratios (C/S) and dosages of the treated PP fiber on the sulfate erosion resistance of cement mortar. Furthermore, the apparent morphology, mass loss rate, flexural strength, corrosion resistance coefficient, and microstructure of the concrete were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results revealed that the PP fiber became rough after modification. Active groups were introduced on the fiber surface, which were well dispersed in the mortar and formed a good network distribution structure in the cement mortar, thereby slowing the erosion rate of the PP fiber mortar in a sodium sulfate solution. At a C/S ratio of 1:1 and a treated fiber dosage of 0.6%, the treated fiber mortar has exhibited good sulfate resistance. In addition, the monofilament fiber immersion test revealed that a layer of sodium sulfate crystals was deposited on the fiber surface, thereby increasing the roughness of the fiber surface and the pull-out force of the fiber from the cement matrix, this result indicated that the interfacial adhesion between the treated PP fiber and cement matrix was improved, which in turn led to the improvement in the sulfate erosion resistance of the treated PP fiber.

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Turkmenoglu, Hasan Nuri, Hakan Nuri Atahan, and Cengiz Sengul. "THE USE OF POLYPROPYLENE FIBERS AGAINST PLASTIC SHRINKAGE CRACKING." Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction 3, no. 1 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.14455/isec.res.2016.55.

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Plastic shrinkage cracking (PShC) occurs within a few hours after fresh concrete formed into the molds and it takes part on the surface of the concrete. When concrete formed into the molds, the aggregates settle because of the gravity and in contrast, water bleeds. If the rate of evaporation is higher than the rate of bleeding, surface of concrete starts to shrink. However, under the surface, the fresh concrete cannot shrink as much as the surface. Because of this condition, cracking occurs on the surface of concrete. In this respect, the quantity of PShC majorly depends on the temperature of concrete, temperature of air, rate of relative humidity and the wind velocity. Use of short fibers in concrete is one of the most effective ways to prevent concrete from PShC. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of polypropylene fibers having different geometries and content on PShC. For this purpose, the principles of ASTM C 1579 standard was considered. Results have shown that the use of polypropylene fibers in limiting PShC is obvious. Moreover, fibrillated fibers has shown better performance than monofilament fibers.

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Wang, Youjiang, Victor C. Li, and Stanley Backer. "Analysis of Synthetic Fiber Pull-Out from a Cement Matrix." MRS Proceedings 114 (1987). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-114-159.

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ABSTRACTExperiments were conducted on specimens containing nylon or polypropylene monofilaments embedded in a precracked matrix. During pull-out tests, it was generally observed that the pulling force continued to increase after one or both sides of the filament had begun to slip out, even though one or both of the embedded filament lengths were decreasing. This indicated that the fiber/matrix shear stress increased with the fiber slippage distance. Examination of the extracted filaments under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed the increased shear resistance to be the result of fiber surface abrasion. The severity of abrasion was observed to increase with the fiber slippage distance before complete pull-out. A theoretical model has been developed to predict the pull-out force versus displacement relationship based on given fiber/matrix shear strength as an increasing function of the slippage distance. The model gives good prediction in comparison with experimental results.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Polypropylene monofilament fibers'

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