Academic literature on the topic 'Polypropylène – Recyclage'
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Journal articles on the topic "Polypropylène – Recyclage"
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Bahlouli, Nadia, Cécile rogueda-Berriet, Jacques Guillet, and Claude Raveyre. "Propriétés rhéologiques et mécaniques des composites à matrice polypropylène pour l'automobile. Effets couplés de la pollution et du recyclage." Revue des composites et des matériaux avancés 20, no. 3 (December 31, 2010): 373–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/rcma.20.373-390.
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Takenaka, Nozomi, Aya Tominaga, Hiroshi Sekiguchi, Ryoko Nakano, Eiichi Takatori, and Shigeru Yao. "Creation of Advanced Recycle Process to Waste Container and Packaging Plastic — Polypropylene Sorted Recycle Plastic Case —." Nihon Reoroji Gakkaishi 45, no. 3 (2017): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1678/rheology.45.139.
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Rohden, Abrahão Bernardo, Jessica Regina Camilo, Rafaela Cristina Amaral, Estela Oliari Garcez, and Mônica Regina Garcez. "Effects of Plastic Waste on the Heat-Induced Spalling Performance and Mechanical Properties of High Strength Concrete." Materials 13, no. 15 (July 23, 2020): 3262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13153262.
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This paper investigates a potential application of hard-to-recycle plastic waste as polymeric addition in high strength concrete, with a focus on the potential to mitigate heat-induced concrete spalling and the consequent effects on the mechanical properties. The waste corresponds to soft and hard plastic, including household polymers vastly disposed of in landfills, although technically recyclable. Mechanical and physical properties, cracking, mass loss, and the occurrence of spalling were assessed in high strength concrete samples produced with either plastic waste or polypropylene fibers after 2-h exposure to 600 °C. The analysis was supported by Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Computed Tomography images. The plastic waste is composed of different polymers with a thermal degradation between 250 to 500 °C. Polypropylene (PP) fibers and plastic waste dispersed in concrete have proved to play an essential role in mitigating heat-induced concrete spalling, contributing to the release of internal pressure after the polymer melting. The different morphology of plastic waste and polypropylene fibers leads to distinct mechanisms of action. While the vapor pressure dissipation network originated by polypropylene fibers is related to the formation of continuous channels, the plastic waste seems to cause discontinuous reservoirs and fewer damages into the concrete matrix. The incorporation of plastic waste improved heat-induced concrete spalling performance. While 6 kg/m3 of plastic increased the mechanical performance after exposure to high temperature, the incorporation of 3 kg/m3 resulted in mechanical properties comparable to the reference concrete.
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Abraham, Thomas N., K. E. George, and Ton Peijs. "Recyclable PP/Polyamide Composite." Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology 21, no. 1 (February 2005): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147776060502100105.
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A commercial grade of polypropylene matrix reinforced with waste polyamide (nylon 6) fibres of two diameters at levels up to 40wt% (100 polypropylene + 40 polyamide) was studied. Smaller diameter fibres showed better mechanical properties than larger diameter ones. Attempts were made to improve the interfacial adhesion between the fibres and the matrix by grafting with maleic anhydride and with also styrene maleic anhydride. The mechanical properties showed significant improvements as a result of these modifications. Thermal stability was also marginally improved. These composites could be easily recycled by processing them above the melting point of the reinforcing fibres.
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Kansara, Ankit M., Sanjay G. Chaudhri, and Puyam S. Singh. "A facile one-step preparation method of recyclable superhydrophobic polypropylene membrane for oil–water separation." RSC Advances 6, no. 66 (2016): 61129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra11008h.
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Bream, C. E., and P. R. Hornsby. "Structure development in thermoset recyclate-filled polypropylene composites." Polymer Composites 21, no. 3 (June 2000): 417–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.10199.
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Sobczak, L., A. Limper, H. Keuter, K. Fischer, and A. Haider. "Polypropylene-cellulose Innovative Compounding Technology." Polymers from Renewable Resources 3, no. 1 (February 2012): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/204124791200300103.
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Lightweight construction and recyclability are essential factors when it comes to meeting environmental targets. Natural fibre-reinforced composites (NFCs) have an important role to play here. The density of natural fibre materials is up to 50% lower than that of the reinforcing fibres traditionally used for plastics, such as glass fibres, and as well as being fully recyclable the composites offer 100% thermal energy recovery.
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Scholten, Andrea, Niklas Plogmann, and Dieter Meiners. "Use of Recycled Waste Paper as Fiber Reinforcement for Polypropylene - Examination of Mechanical Properties in Comparison to NFRP." Key Engineering Materials 742 (July 2017): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.742.25.
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During recycling of waste paper from private households different fractions containing plastics and polluted paper fibers are received. Those polluted fibers cannot be recycled in the common paper manufacturing process or for energy recovery like in waste incinerating plants due t o economic reasons. Current research at the Institute of Polymer Materials and Plastics Engineering at Clausthal University of Technology evaluated the use of this waste paper recyclate as a substitution for natural fibers as fillers and reinforcements in polypropylene. Special attention was given to the mechanical properties of the composites. Additionally the influence of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) as an adhesive was investigated.
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Chen, Tianran, Dana Kazerooni, Lin Ju, David A. Okonski, and Donald G. Baird. "Development of Recyclable and High-Performance In Situ Hybrid TLCP/Glass Fiber Composites." Journal of Composites Science 4, no. 3 (August 24, 2020): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs4030125.
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By combining the concepts of in situ thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (TLCP) composites and conventional fiber composites, a recyclable and high-performance in situ hybrid polypropylene-based composite was successfully developed. The recycled hybrid composite was prepared by injection molding and grinding processes. Rheological and thermal analyses were utilized to optimize the processing temperature of the injection molding process to reduce the melt viscosity and minimize the degradation of polypropylene. The ideal temperature for blending the hybrid composite was found to be 305 °C. The influence of mechanical recycling on the different combinations of TLCP and glass fiber composites was analyzed. When the weight fraction ratio of TLCP to glass fiber was 2 to 1, the hybrid composite exhibited better processability, improved tensile performance, lower mechanical anisotropy, and greater recyclability compared to the polypropylene reinforced by either glass fiber or TLCP alone.
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Sonwane, Rajiv, Pushpendra Kumar Kushwaha, and Jiji M. Thomas. "Study of the Compressive Strength of Concrete Using Marble, Granite and Recycled Aggregates with Polypropylene Fiber." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJOSCIENCE 5, no. 6 (December 12, 2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijo-science.v5i6.242.
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Marble Industry produces large amount of waste during mining and processing stages. This waste is dumped on to open land which creates a lot of environmental problems We get recycle aggregate from the old dumped structures and buildings. The main objective of this study was utilization of marble, granite and recycled aggregate waste with polypropylene fiber as a replacement for conventional natural coarse aggregates in concrete. Experimental investigations were carried out to examine the feasibility of use of marble, granite and recycled aggregates waste as coarse aggregates in concrete. Conventional natural coarse aggregates was fully replacement by marble in different percentages 0-60% , granite 0-30% and recycle aggregates 0-40% with polypropylene fiber less than 1% by weight. The concrete formulations were prepared with a constant water.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Polypropylène – Recyclage"
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De, Almeida Olivier. "Etude des mécanismes de déformation de polypropylènes-chocs par analyse des champs de déformations tridimentionnels : évolution des matériaux de pare-chocs automobiles au cours du cycle de vie (vieillissement, pollution et recyclage)." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT2336.
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Le recyclage iso-fonction des boucliers automobiles en polypropylènes-chocs a été étudié en analysant les mécanismes de déformation en traction uniaxiale. Pour ce faire, une technique de mesure des champs de déformation tridimensionnels par corrélation d’images numériques a été développée. Le comportement mécanique des polypropylènes-chocs a été comparé à celui d’un polypropylène. La déformation du polypropylène se caractérise par une striction, qui est un gradient longitudinal de déformation, et par des déformations homogènes transversalement. Ce mode de déformation diffère de celui des polypropylènes-chocs pour lesquels on constate une absence de striction et des gradients transversaux des déformations transverses. Ces gradients de déformation mesurés en surface des éprouvettes traduisent un gradient de dilatation volumique important entre le cœur et la peau des plaques injectées, lié à des phénomènes de cavitation hétérogènes. Les influences d’une pollution avec de l’huile de moteur et/ou avec de l’éthylène-glycol et du recyclage sur les mécanismes de déformation ont également été analysées. L’huile de moteur présente un effet plastifiant qui entraîne une modification du mode de déformation des polypropylènes-chocs, caractérisée par un ralentissement des phénomènes de cavitation. Le recyclage se traduit par une diminution importante de la déformation à la rupture, occasionnée par une diminution des masses molaires du polymère. Une pollution avant l’étape de recyclage mécanique permet de limiter l’effet du recyclage seul, ce qui s’avère être un effet bénéfique pour le recyclage des boucliers automobiles. D’autre part, le vieillissement thermique réalisé sur l’ensemble des matériaux de cette étude montre que ces matériaux sont très stables au cours du temps.
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Mnif, Nizar. "Elaboration et caractérisation de mélanges complexes à base de polypropylène en vue de son écoconception et de son recyclage dans les véhicules hors d'usage." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0127/these.pdf.
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Ce travail présente l'élaboration et l'étude des propriétés de mélanges à base d'une formulation commerciale (PP/EPR) utilisée dans la fabrication de boucliers automobiles. Dans une première partie, la compatibilisation de polluants potentiels tels que ABS, PA, PU a conduit à élaborer (PP/EPR)/ABS, la présence du compatibilisant SEBS) augmente la résistance aux chocs et l'allongement à la rupture (amélioration de l'interface matrice/polluant) et diminue la taille de particules ABS. Par contre, outre l'incompatibilité du PU avec la matrice (PP/EPR), il dégrade les propriétés mécaniques des mélanges mêmes en présence de compatibilisants. Les mélanges renforcés nano-CaCO3, pourraient contribuer à l'éco-conception de "formulations PP" en substituant des matières premières organiques non renouvelables et en améliorant les propriétés chocs des formulations d'origine. L'étude morphologique et les propriétés mécaniques montrent que la dispersion des nanoparticules est assez différente dans la matrice, en fonction des propriétés de surface des nanocharges (acide gras dont l'acide stéarique). D'autre part, les nano-CaCO3 migrent préférentiellement dans la phase EPR (par rapport à la phase PP). La présence de compatibilisant PEP améliore les propriétés mécaniques mais celle d'EPR-g-MAH fragilise le matériauThis work deals with the elaboration and the study of the properties of blends based on a commercial formulation used in the manufacturing of automotive bumpers. We first worked on the compatibilization of polymers that can be mixed with polypropylene after sorting. Then, we taled to disperse nano-cac03 in the ma taix. The compatibilization of potential polymer pollutants such as abs, pa, pu, led to the elaboration and characterization of blends containing three polymers and a compatibilizer. For (PP/EPR)/abs blends, the presence of sebs as compatibilizer increased the impact strength and the elongation at break (improvement of the matrix/pollutant interface) and decreased the size of abs particles. The blends reinforced with nano-cac03 could contribute to the ecodesign of pp based formulations by substituting non renewable organic raw materials as well as by simulating the presence of nanoparticles that could be mixed with pp matrices after sorting and also by improving the impact strength properties of the initial formulations. The morphological study and the mechanical properties show that the dispersion of nanoparticles in the matrix differs according to the surface properties of the nanofillers (fatty acids including stearic acid). On the other hand, the nano-cac03 preferentially migrate in the EPR phase (compared to pp phase). The presence of pep compatibilizer improves the mechanical properties but epr-g-mah weakens the materials
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Nguyen, Tri Phuong. "Etude du recyclage du polypropylène et préparation de matériaux composites à base de propylène recyclé." Paris, CNAM, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CNAM0661.
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Due to the important number of highly appreciated properties such as high impact strength, high tensile strength, good chemical resistance, low density, and also rather low cost, polypropylene is among the most widely used thermoplastics in many industrial fields. However, like other recycled polymers, its properties usually decrease after the recycling process and sometimes are degraded to a poor levels of properties in order to direct re-employment. The recycled products need to be reinforced to take a good competition. In this field, the objective of the thesis initially was studied the influence of processing conditions and recycling parameters in twin screw extruder on structure of virgin initial polypropylene and on it’s properties. Then, from recycled and characterized products, we carried out the reinforced formulations having the equivalent or improved properties compared to initial properties. We studied the role of incidence of the introduced additives, in particular that of nanoclays and vegetables fibers on obtained composites. In parallel, we studied the concentration of chemical modified nanoclay and compatibilizer contents in the composite according to the traditional thermodynamic rules. The nanodispersion and the interaction matrix/clay were also investigated by using the Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), the X-rays diffraction (XRD), the Differential scanning calorimetry, the Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the Rheological measurements). In the following step, we studied the process of introduction of bamboo fibers into to recycled polypropylene matrix by using a modular twin screw extruder to produce the composites in the form of transformable pellets. The objective here is to obtain “green” composite materials to substitution in keeping the mechanical properties required by the traditional specification conditionsLe polypropylène est un thermoplastique couramment utilisé dans la production industrielle. Il répond aux exigences de nombreux cahiers des charges grâce à ses excellentes propriétés, notamment mécaniques, tout en présentant une des plus faibles densités. Cependant, comme beaucoup d’autres polymères recyclables, ses propriétés diminuent lors d’utilisations successives et parfois se dégradent à des niveaux trop faibles pour un réemploi direct. Les produits recyclés ont alors besoin d’être renforcés pour les rendre plus compétitifs. Dans ce cadre, l’objectif de la thèse a été d’abord d’étudier l’influence des conditions opératoires et des paramètres de mise en œuvre en extrusion sur l’évolution de la structure du polypropylène initialement vierge, puis ses propriétés. A partir des produits recyclés et caractérisés, nous réalisons ensuite des formulations renforcées équivalentes ou améliorées par rapport au niveau des propriétés initiales. Nous avons ainsi modélisé le rôle de l’incidence des adjuvants introduits et notamment ceux des nanocharges d’une part et des fibres végétales d’autre part, sur le comportement du composite obtenu. Parallèlement, nous avons étudié la concentration en argile modifiée chimiquement et compatibilisée selon les règles thermodynamiques classiques. La nanodispersion et l’interface polymère/argile ont été également étudiées en utilisant successivement l’analyse dynamique thermomécanique (DMTA), la diffraction aux rayons X (XRD), la calorimètrie différentielle à balayage (DSC), la microscopie électronique à balayage (MEB) et les mesures rhéologiques. Dans une étape suivante, nous avons établi un processus d’introduction des fibres végétales dans la base polypropylène à l’aide d’une extrudeuse double vis modulaire pour produire un composite sous forme de granulés transformables. L’objectif est ici d’obtenir un matériau composite « vert » de substitution, tout en gardant les propriétés mécaniques exigées par les cahiers des charges traditionnels. Finalement, toutes ses approches et études scientifiques nous ont permis de maîtriser les paramètres de réemploi du polypropylène et d’ouvrir la voie à de nouvelles applications comme par exemple des supports en milieu aqueux pour les stations de retraitement des eaux usées au Vietnam
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Reygrobellet, Jean-Noël. "Recyclage de composites fibres de verre-polyester insaturé-carbonate de calcium par réincorporation dans des matrices thermoplastiques." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20038.
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Wang, Kui. "Characterization and modeling of the thermomechanical behavior of polypropylene-based composites : effect of recycling and filler content." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00962217.
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The use of thermoplastic olefins like polypropylene is currently growing in the automotive industry. However, the increase of wastes from end of life vehicles represents a threat to our environment. Mechanical recycling is the most acceptable and ecological method. The purpose of this thesis is to identify the thermomechanical degradation mechanisms of PP-based composites, as a function of fillers content. Recycling was simulated by multiple extrusions. The considered fillers consist of ethylene octene copolymer and talc. The different properties of recycled PP-based composites were studied by a multiphysical approach. A detailed study of high strain rate and temperature sensitivities of recycled PP-based composites is achieved. The micromechanical modeling is used to predict the yield and the elastic behaviors of non-recycled and recycled materials.
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Almeras, Xavier. "Optimisation de la tenue au feu d'une formulation intumescente du polypropylène pour applications dans les transports terrestres." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-159.pdf.
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Dans une première partie, le mélange polypropylène/polyamide-6/polyphosphate d'ammonium (PP/PA-6/APP) est optimisé. L'efficacité du mélange PA-6/APP dans le PP est mise en évidence. La présence d'un agent interfacial indispensable pour prévenir les phénomènes de rejet est démontrée. Une forte influence des conditions de mise en oeuvre (température, cisaillement, temps de résidence) par les différents procédés d'élaboration (malaxage, extrusion) apparaît au cours de cette étude. Le rôle de l'agent interfacial et la recherche d'un effet de synergie complètent cette partie pour répondre à un cahier des charges précis. Les possibilités de mise en oeuvre par extrusion puis injection-moulage du mélange sont vérifiées. La seconde partie de l'étude est consacrée à l'étude de l'évolution des propriétés du matériau lorsqu'il est soumis à un vieillissement accéléré. Les résultats obtenus sont comparés à l'influence d'extrusions successives. La dégradation des performances est expliquée par une analyse morphologique et une analyse élémentaire. Le mécanisme d'oxydation du PP est abordé. La troisième partie de ce travail porte sur l'influence de l'ajout de charges minérales comme renfort sur les propriétés mécaniques et la tenue au feu du mélange. L'influence des caractéristiques physico-chimiques du talc et du carbonate de calcium est mise en évidence. Le rôle du procédé de mise en oeuvre, notamment du nombre d'extrusion sur le comportement du mélange lorsqu'il est soumis à différents tests feu complète la troisième partie.
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Lam, Thuy Quynh. "Qualification mécanique de composites à base de polymères recyclés et de fibres végétales : caractérisation des mécanismes de rupture par imagerie numérique." Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT2339.
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Cette étude, cofinancée par l’ADEME et la Région Poitou-Charentes, propose d’explorer la voie du recyclage mécanique des déchets plastiques en les utilisant comme matrice dans des composites à charges d’origine végétale. Les matériaux étudiés sont le polypropylène (PP), le polyéthylène haute densité (PEhd), et des fibres d’épicéa. Les polymères ont été recyclés jusqu’à 20 fois, en utilisant le matériel de la plate-forme technologique de Valagro (Poitiers). Nous avons ajouté dans ces polymères des fibres d’épicéa à différents taux massiques. L’analyse des matériaux obtenus s’est faite suivant deux axes : étude de l’évolution microstructurale et caractérisation du comportement mécanique. Les résultats ont permis de mettre en évidence la présence d’une transition ductile-fragile dans le PP au cours du recyclage, et l’apparition progressive de la phase cristalline dans le PP lorsque le taux de renfort augmente dans les composites. Le couplage des mesures des champs de déformations par corrélation d’images numériques en pointe de fissure avec les simulations par éléments finis a permis de caractériser l’évolution de paramètres mécaniques des matériaux étudiésIn this study, jointly supported by ADEME and Poitou-Charentes region, it is proposed to exploit a mechanical recycling method for plastic wastes by using them as matrices in natural composites. The studied materials are polypropylene (PP), high density polyethylene (PEhd) and spruce fibres. The polymers supplied by Valagro platform (Poitiers) have been recycled up to 20 times. Then, spruce fibres have been added to these polymers with different fibre weight fractions. The analysis of the so-obtained materials has been carried out along two main lines: the study of the microstructural evolution on one hand and the characterization of the mechanical behaviour on the other. The results have displayed the appearance of a ductile-brittle transition in PP during the mechanical recycling and a progressive appearance of crystalline phase with increasing fibre weight fraction. A coupling between strain maps obtained by the digital image correlation method at a crack tip and the simulation by the finite element method has enabled the evolution of some mechanical parameters of the studied materials to be characterized
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Godin, Marie-Christine. "Valorisation de plastiques recyclés en provenance des centres de tri." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29740/29740.pdf.
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Parenteau, Thomas. "Modélisation micromécanique de composites thermoplastiques élastomères à matrice polypropylène." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne Sud, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00404452.
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De part leur grande consommation, les pièces en élastomère vulcanisé sont une source importante de déchets. Une des voies de revalorisation de ces matériaux est leur réutilisation sous forme de particules dans des composites à matrice polymère, afin de diminuer leur rigidité et d'augmenter leur résistance aux chocs de faible énergie. Cette étude est ainsi née d'une collaboration entre le LIMATB et la Technische Universität Chemnitz, qui développe ce concept de matériaux.L'objectif de cette étude est la caractérisation expérimentale et la modélisation du comportement mécanique de composites thermoplastiques élastomères (TPE). Ces matériaux sont composés d'une matrice en homopolymère polypropylène isotactique (PP) et de particules d'élastomère recyclées à base d'éthylène propylène diène monomère (EPDM). La nature complexe du PP nous a incité à développer un modèle micromécanique, en distinguant dans ce polymère une phase amorphe et une phase cristalline. A partir d'un motif représentatif permettant d'estimer les propriétés élastiques du PP en fonction du taux de cristallinité, un modèle micromécanique de type autocohérent généralisé est comparé à un modèle macroscopique plus simple pour décrire son comportement élastoviscoplastique. La loi de comportement des TPE est construite, via une démarche d'homogénéisation, à partir du comportement mécanique des particules d'EPDM et de la loi macroscopique déterminée pour le PP. Les prévisions des modèles sont analysées et comparées aux résultats d'essais de flexion, de traction et d'indentation. Les modèles développés ont été implantés dans le code « éléments finis » Abaqus afin de permettre le calcul de pièces industrielles.
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Pessey, Daniel. "Investigation of the recycling process on virgin and contaminated composites based PP : Experimental and modeling approach." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6251.
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Le recyclage est un des défis capitaux de ce nouveau millénaire et l’industrie automobile est particulièrement concernée au regard des faibles quantités de matières plastiques recyclées provenant des divers Véhicules Hors d’Usage. Or ce secteur est un consommateur toujours plus gourmand de cette classe de matériaux. La France a, par exemple, utilisé plus de 722 kilotonnes de matières plastiques dans ce secteur en 2002, dont 45% de polypropylène et de polyéthylène, seul ou renforcé par des charges. Pour augmenter le taux de matériaux recyclés et diminuer le taux de déchets, une directive européenne (réf. : 2000/53/CE) impose aux constructeurs automobiles la réutilisation de 95% des matériaux de leurs VHU d’ici à 2015. Les constructeurs automobiles sont donc assujettis à valoriser leurs véhicules hors d’usage. Le challenge est donc de réutiliser les polymères recyclés, et plus spécifiquement le polypropylène qui représente la plus grande part de plastique dans les VHU, pour des pièces de semi-structure. Mais qu’en est-il des propriétés d’usage de ces matériaux recyclés? Ce travail de thèse se propose d’apporter une réponse à cette question. L’étude de ce travail s’est donc focalisée sur les matériaux plastiques utilisés principalement dans la fabrication de pièces de semi structures automobiles : les matériaux des polypropylènes choc chargés ou non de talc (exemple d’utilisation : pare-choc avant ou arrière). Les mécanismes de déformation dans ces deux matériaux ont été analysés ainsi que les effets que peuvent avoir des processus tels que la pollution, le recyclage ou encore la vitesse de déformation. Ce travail avait aussi comme objectif de proposer une modélisation du comportement mécanique des matériaux recyclés tenant compte non seulement des effets du recyclage mais aussi des effets de vitesse. Pour cela, deux types d’approches ont été utilisées. La première permet une description du comportement aux petites déformations grâce à un modèle phénoménologique. Afin de décrire le comportement des matériaux aux grandes déformations, un modèle micromécanique a été utilisé. Enfin, une première modélisation de l’endommagement est proposée. Cette étude a permis de décrire par un modèle simple la cavitation observée dans les matériaux étudiésRecycling is one of the capital challenges of the new millennium and the automotive industry is particularly concerned due to small quantities of recycled plastics from the End Life Vehicles. This sector is increasingly greedy consumer of this class of materials. France, for example, used more than 722 kilotons of plastic in this sector in 2002, 45% are polypropylene and polyethylene, with or without reinforcement particles. To increase the rate of recycled materials and reduce the rate of waste, a European directive (ref 2000/53/EC) requires the automotive industry to reuse 95% of their materials from ELVs by 2015. Automakers are subject to value their life vehicles. The challenge is to reuse the recycled polymers, and more specifically polypropylene which represents the largest part of plastics in ELVs, for semi-structure parts. But what about the mechanical properties of the recycled materials? The aim of this thesis is to answer this question. The study of this work has therefore been focused on the plastics used primarily in the manufacture of automotive structures: composite based polypropylene reinforced or not by talc (such as front or rear bumper). The deformation mechanisms in these two materials were analyzed and the effects of processes such as contamination, recycling, or the strain rate. This work had also the objective to propose a mechanical behavior modeling of recycled materials taking into account not only the effects of recycling but also the strain rate effects. For this, two types of approaches have been used. The first provides a description of the behavior for small deformations using a phenomenological model. To describe the behavior of materials at large strains, a micromechanical model was used. Finally, a first modeling of the volume strain is proposed. This study allows describing the cavitation observed in the materials studied by a simple model
Books on the topic "Polypropylène – Recyclage"
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Schimanski, Tilo. High performance polypropylene structures for eco-friendly, fully recyclable composites. Eindhoven: University of Eindhoven, 2002.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Polypropylène – Recyclage"
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Rani, M. "Plastic Degradation and its Environmental Implications." In Degradation of Plastics, 290–324. m, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901335-12.
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Extensive use of non-biodegradable plastic by anthropogenic activities is posing a severe threat to the global environment in the form of massive waste disposal and problems of closed-landfill sites and rising water and land pollution. Organisms are facing challenge to their lives once they consume plastic in the form of food. In addition, the plastic debris may have additive chemicals having possibility to leach out. Therefore, proper degradation of plastic to lessen negative environmental implications is necessary. Earlier the people were ignorant about this problem however, now-a-days, people are serious about its negative impact. Hence, biodegradable plastics are coming into the trend in the market. Interaction of plastic (adsorbing characteristics) with the environment results in new functional groups on its surface in a dynamic situation. In these circumstances, oxygenated, thermal, bio-based, and photocatalytic degradation of plastics is in high demand. Usually, different-rates along with diverse-pathways have been found in variable polymers like polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyethylene terephthalate. Polyethylene photo-degradation resulted in sharp infrared-peaks of ketones, esters, and acids due to oxidation reaction. Hydrogen peroxide is generated by oxidative action on methylene groups in the backbone of polyethylene terephthalate. The present chapter will provide compiled information about various polymers used in plastic as well as environmental concerns of plastic, finally the chapter concludes with comprehensive details about the degradation of various types of plastics. State-of-the-art on degradable plastics market with an emphasis on principle design for recyclable plastics and biodegradable plastics from renewable raw materials are also included. Factors affecting plastic degradation and metabolic pathways including past and present scenarios have also been discussed in this chapter.
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"Tensile properties and water absorption of Recycle Polypropylene (rPP)/Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) composites: The effect of Maleic Anhydrate-g-Polypropylene (MAPP) addition." In Green Building, Materials and Civil Engineering, 653–56. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b17568-134.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Polypropylène – Recyclage"
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Atli-Veltin, Bilim. "Performance of All-Polypropylene Composites at LNG Temperatures." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65209.
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In the small scale LNG infrastructure, composite materials are scarcely employed. Potentially, cost effective solutions for LNG applications could be developed thanks to the advantages of composite materials over metals such as weight savings, design flexibility and recyclability. The research presented in this paper focuses on the mechanical performance of fully recyclable, thermoplastic Polypropylene (PP) composite tapes at cryogenic LNG temperatures. Quasi-static tensile tests performed on [±45] laminates made of plain woven plies of PURE® show that at −196°C the behavior is bilinear with the failure strain of 6.5% and failure stress of 37 MPa. Such non-brittle failure behavior of PP is desirable for cryogenic applications. The other results presented in the paper contains [0/90] laminate results and the interlaminar shear strength characteristics at room and cryogenic temperatures.
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Yang, K., Y. Liu, Y. Tian, Y. T. Liu, Z. M. Yan, Z. H. Jing, and J. Y. Li. "Effect of Copolymerization on the Conductivity and Breakdown Properties of Polypropylene for Recyclable Cable Insulation." In 2020 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Dielectrics (ICD). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icd46958.2020.9341812.
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Ciardiello, Raffaele, Andrea Tridello, Luca Goglio, and Giovanni Belingardi. "Experimental Assessment of the Dynamic Behavior of Polyolefin Thermoplastic Hot Melt Adhesive." In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84725.
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In the last decades, the use of adhesives has rapidly increased in many industrial fields. Adhesive joints are often preferred to traditional fasteners due to the many advantages that they offer. For instance, adhesive joints show a better stress distribution compared to the traditional fasteners and high mechanical properties under different loading conditions. Furthermore, they are usually preferred for joining components made of different materials. A wide variety of adhesives is currently available: thermoset adhesives are generally employed for structural joints but recently there has been a significant increment in the use of thermoplastic adhesives, in particular of the hot-melt adhesives (HMAs). HMAs permit to bond a large number of materials, including metal and plastics (e.g., polypropylene, PP), which can be hardly bonded with traditional adhesives. Furthermore, HMAs are characterized by a short open time and, therefore, permit for a quick and easy assembly process since they can be easily spread on the adherend surfaces by means of a hot-melt gun and they offer the opportunity of an ease disassembling process for repair and recycle. For all these reasons, HMAs are employed in many industrial applications and are currently used also for bonding polypropylene and polyolefin piping systems. In the present paper, the dynamic response of single lap joints (SLJ) obtained by bonding together with a polyolefin HMA two polypropylene substrates was experimentally assessed. Quasi-static tests and dynamic tests were carried out to investigate the strain rate effect: dynamic tests were carried out with a modified instrumented impact pendulum. Relevant changes in the joint performance have been put in evidence. Failure modes were finally analysed and compared. A change in the failure mode is experimentally found: in quasi-static tests SLJ failed due to a cohesive failure of the adhesive, whereas in dynamic tests the SLJ failed due to an interfacial failure, with a low energy absorption.
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Liu, Xiahui, Jian Wang, Cuntao Wang, Weiguang Song, and Yuqiu Yang. "Low Cycle Fatigue Property of Injection Molded Jute/PP Composites." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63356.
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Green composites are biocomposites where both matrix and reinforcement derive from renewable or recycle resources and have attracted much attention in recent years. In particular, jute/polypropylene (PP) is one of the good choices of green composites. Further, investigation of long-term behavior of composite is an importance in designing in composite structures. However, so far, very few research works focus on the fatigue property of injection molded jute/PP fabricated by long fiber pellets (LFT). In this study, the pultrusion technique was adopted to prepare LFT pellets for injection molding and LFT dumbbell specimens with different jute fiber weight percent of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 percent were molded. Low cycle fatigue property of injection molded jute/PP composites was investigated by tensile test. Different cycle times of 30, 60 and 100 were adopted to evaluate the effect of cycle times and fiber content on the fatigue property of injection molded jute/PP composites.
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Santiagoo, Ragunathan, Latifah Omar, Mustaffa Zainal, Sam Sung Ting, and Hanafi Ismail. "Effects of aminopropyltriethoxysilane (γ-APS) on tensile properties and morphology of polypropylene (PP), recycle acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBRr) and sugarcane bagasse (SCB) composites." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 23RD SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY MALAYSIA (SCMSM 2014). AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4919142.
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Sánchez, Carola, José Macías, Jonathan León, Geancarlos Zamora, and Guillermo Soriano. "Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of Thermal Performance of a Thermosiphon Flat-Plate Solar Collector for Water Heating in Ecuadorian Coastal Region." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71944.
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Passive solar water heating (SWH) is a convenient method to meet domestic hot water requirements in rural areas, where electricity may not be available or fuel supply might be limited due to difficult access. In this work, a low-cost thermosiphon flat-plate solar collector alternative is presented. The design was purposely limited to materials and recyclable products widely available in the local market, such as Tetra Pak, plastic bottles, and polypropylene (PP) fittings and pipes. Since PP is a thermoplastic polymer, a poor heat conductor, it was necessary to ensure a suitable system isolation to obtain an optimum thermal performance, comparable to commercial solar collectors. The design was built and tested in Guayaquil, Ecuadorian coastal city. Six inexpensive temperature sensors were placed at the entrance and exit of the collector, on the flat-plate and inside the hot water storage tank. Data was recorded using an Arduino single-board computer and later analyzed with the data gathered via weather station. The implementation costs of the system are approximately US$300, the overall performance during January 2017 fluctuated between 54% and 23%, and the storage tank temperature range varied from to 46°C to 33°C. Due to its reliability and affordable cost, the SWH system is an attractive alternative to an Ecuadorian commercial solar flat plate collector, which price is set between US$600 and US$700, it has an efficiency around 60%, and the average annual storage tank temperature is 62°C.