Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Polypropylène – Recyclage'
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De, Almeida Olivier. "Etude des mécanismes de déformation de polypropylènes-chocs par analyse des champs de déformations tridimentionnels : évolution des matériaux de pare-chocs automobiles au cours du cycle de vie (vieillissement, pollution et recyclage)." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT2336.
Full textMnif, Nizar. "Elaboration et caractérisation de mélanges complexes à base de polypropylène en vue de son écoconception et de son recyclage dans les véhicules hors d'usage." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0127/these.pdf.
Full textThis work deals with the elaboration and the study of the properties of blends based on a commercial formulation used in the manufacturing of automotive bumpers. We first worked on the compatibilization of polymers that can be mixed with polypropylene after sorting. Then, we taled to disperse nano-cac03 in the ma taix. The compatibilization of potential polymer pollutants such as abs, pa, pu, led to the elaboration and characterization of blends containing three polymers and a compatibilizer. For (PP/EPR)/abs blends, the presence of sebs as compatibilizer increased the impact strength and the elongation at break (improvement of the matrix/pollutant interface) and decreased the size of abs particles. The blends reinforced with nano-cac03 could contribute to the ecodesign of pp based formulations by substituting non renewable organic raw materials as well as by simulating the presence of nanoparticles that could be mixed with pp matrices after sorting and also by improving the impact strength properties of the initial formulations. The morphological study and the mechanical properties show that the dispersion of nanoparticles in the matrix differs according to the surface properties of the nanofillers (fatty acids including stearic acid). On the other hand, the nano-cac03 preferentially migrate in the EPR phase (compared to pp phase). The presence of pep compatibilizer improves the mechanical properties but epr-g-mah weakens the materials
Nguyen, Tri Phuong. "Etude du recyclage du polypropylène et préparation de matériaux composites à base de propylène recyclé." Paris, CNAM, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CNAM0661.
Full textLe polypropylène est un thermoplastique couramment utilisé dans la production industrielle. Il répond aux exigences de nombreux cahiers des charges grâce à ses excellentes propriétés, notamment mécaniques, tout en présentant une des plus faibles densités. Cependant, comme beaucoup d’autres polymères recyclables, ses propriétés diminuent lors d’utilisations successives et parfois se dégradent à des niveaux trop faibles pour un réemploi direct. Les produits recyclés ont alors besoin d’être renforcés pour les rendre plus compétitifs. Dans ce cadre, l’objectif de la thèse a été d’abord d’étudier l’influence des conditions opératoires et des paramètres de mise en œuvre en extrusion sur l’évolution de la structure du polypropylène initialement vierge, puis ses propriétés. A partir des produits recyclés et caractérisés, nous réalisons ensuite des formulations renforcées équivalentes ou améliorées par rapport au niveau des propriétés initiales. Nous avons ainsi modélisé le rôle de l’incidence des adjuvants introduits et notamment ceux des nanocharges d’une part et des fibres végétales d’autre part, sur le comportement du composite obtenu. Parallèlement, nous avons étudié la concentration en argile modifiée chimiquement et compatibilisée selon les règles thermodynamiques classiques. La nanodispersion et l’interface polymère/argile ont été également étudiées en utilisant successivement l’analyse dynamique thermomécanique (DMTA), la diffraction aux rayons X (XRD), la calorimètrie différentielle à balayage (DSC), la microscopie électronique à balayage (MEB) et les mesures rhéologiques. Dans une étape suivante, nous avons établi un processus d’introduction des fibres végétales dans la base polypropylène à l’aide d’une extrudeuse double vis modulaire pour produire un composite sous forme de granulés transformables. L’objectif est ici d’obtenir un matériau composite « vert » de substitution, tout en gardant les propriétés mécaniques exigées par les cahiers des charges traditionnels. Finalement, toutes ses approches et études scientifiques nous ont permis de maîtriser les paramètres de réemploi du polypropylène et d’ouvrir la voie à de nouvelles applications comme par exemple des supports en milieu aqueux pour les stations de retraitement des eaux usées au Vietnam
Reygrobellet, Jean-Noël. "Recyclage de composites fibres de verre-polyester insaturé-carbonate de calcium par réincorporation dans des matrices thermoplastiques." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20038.
Full textWang, Kui. "Characterization and modeling of the thermomechanical behavior of polypropylene-based composites : effect of recycling and filler content." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00962217.
Full textAlmeras, Xavier. "Optimisation de la tenue au feu d'une formulation intumescente du polypropylène pour applications dans les transports terrestres." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-159.pdf.
Full textLam, Thuy Quynh. "Qualification mécanique de composites à base de polymères recyclés et de fibres végétales : caractérisation des mécanismes de rupture par imagerie numérique." Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT2339.
Full textIn this study, jointly supported by ADEME and Poitou-Charentes region, it is proposed to exploit a mechanical recycling method for plastic wastes by using them as matrices in natural composites. The studied materials are polypropylene (PP), high density polyethylene (PEhd) and spruce fibres. The polymers supplied by Valagro platform (Poitiers) have been recycled up to 20 times. Then, spruce fibres have been added to these polymers with different fibre weight fractions. The analysis of the so-obtained materials has been carried out along two main lines: the study of the microstructural evolution on one hand and the characterization of the mechanical behaviour on the other. The results have displayed the appearance of a ductile-brittle transition in PP during the mechanical recycling and a progressive appearance of crystalline phase with increasing fibre weight fraction. A coupling between strain maps obtained by the digital image correlation method at a crack tip and the simulation by the finite element method has enabled the evolution of some mechanical parameters of the studied materials to be characterized
Godin, Marie-Christine. "Valorisation de plastiques recyclés en provenance des centres de tri." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29740/29740.pdf.
Full textParenteau, Thomas. "Modélisation micromécanique de composites thermoplastiques élastomères à matrice polypropylène." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne Sud, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00404452.
Full textL'objectif de cette étude est la caractérisation expérimentale et la modélisation du comportement mécanique de composites thermoplastiques élastomères (TPE). Ces matériaux sont composés d'une matrice en homopolymère polypropylène isotactique (PP) et de particules d'élastomère recyclées à base d'éthylène propylène diène monomère (EPDM). La nature complexe du PP nous a incité à développer un modèle micromécanique, en distinguant dans ce polymère une phase amorphe et une phase cristalline. A partir d'un motif représentatif permettant d'estimer les propriétés élastiques du PP en fonction du taux de cristallinité, un modèle micromécanique de type autocohérent généralisé est comparé à un modèle macroscopique plus simple pour décrire son comportement élastoviscoplastique. La loi de comportement des TPE est construite, via une démarche d'homogénéisation, à partir du comportement mécanique des particules d'EPDM et de la loi macroscopique déterminée pour le PP. Les prévisions des modèles sont analysées et comparées aux résultats d'essais de flexion, de traction et d'indentation. Les modèles développés ont été implantés dans le code « éléments finis » Abaqus afin de permettre le calcul de pièces industrielles.
Pessey, Daniel. "Investigation of the recycling process on virgin and contaminated composites based PP : Experimental and modeling approach." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6251.
Full textRecycling is one of the capital challenges of the new millennium and the automotive industry is particularly concerned due to small quantities of recycled plastics from the End Life Vehicles. This sector is increasingly greedy consumer of this class of materials. France, for example, used more than 722 kilotons of plastic in this sector in 2002, 45% are polypropylene and polyethylene, with or without reinforcement particles. To increase the rate of recycled materials and reduce the rate of waste, a European directive (ref 2000/53/EC) requires the automotive industry to reuse 95% of their materials from ELVs by 2015. Automakers are subject to value their life vehicles. The challenge is to reuse the recycled polymers, and more specifically polypropylene which represents the largest part of plastics in ELVs, for semi-structure parts. But what about the mechanical properties of the recycled materials? The aim of this thesis is to answer this question. The study of this work has therefore been focused on the plastics used primarily in the manufacture of automotive structures: composite based polypropylene reinforced or not by talc (such as front or rear bumper). The deformation mechanisms in these two materials were analyzed and the effects of processes such as contamination, recycling, or the strain rate. This work had also the objective to propose a mechanical behavior modeling of recycled materials taking into account not only the effects of recycling but also the strain rate effects. For this, two types of approaches have been used. The first provides a description of the behavior for small deformations using a phenomenological model. To describe the behavior of materials at large strains, a micromechanical model was used. Finally, a first modeling of the volume strain is proposed. This study allows describing the cavitation observed in the materials studied by a simple model
Kazemi, Yasamin. "Mechanical and morphological characterization of wood plastic composites based on municipal plastic waste." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29823/29823.pdf.
Full textRecent legislations associated with environmental impacts of post-consumer plastic wastes have driven substantial attention toward developing viable recycling techniques. Therefore the aim of this research was to produce wood plastic composites (WPC) from the light fraction of municipal plastic wastes (post-consumer) and wood processing residues (sawdust). In order to improve compatibility and adhesion between polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), an ethylene-octene copolymer (EOC) was used to compatibilize the polymer phases and also to act as an impact modifier. Addition of maleated polyethylene (MAPE) and maleated polypropylene (MAPP) provided improved compatibility between the polymer matrix and the wood flour. The combined effect of all the components was found to produce composites with interesting morphological (dispersion and adhesion) and mechanical properties (tension, torsion, flexion and impact) after optimization of the additive package (blend of coupling agents). In the second phase, three-layered structural composites were produced from the aforementioned composites to investigate the effects of design parameters on their flexural and impact performance. The studied parameters include wood content, thickness of individual composite layers, as well as stacking sequence and configuration (symmetric and asymmetric structures). In addition, the classical beam theory was successfully used to predict the flexural modulus within 10% of deviation for these complex structures.
Delaval, Damien. "Développement et caractérisation de systèmes intumescents retardateurs de flamme pour polypropylènes recyclés issus des véhicules usagés." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10015/document.
Full textThe impact of recycling and pollutants (engine oil (EO) and ethylene glycol (EG)) on the intrinsic properties of polypropylene-based materials coming from end-of-life cars was investigated. Recycling (limited here to six extrusion cycles) is not detrimental to the mechanical properties of the polymeric matrices. The crystallization kinetics study realized on the polluted polymers showed that the presence of EG delays crystallization. The degradation kinetics allowed to simulate and quantify the different degradation steps of the materials. Pollutants and recycling also lead to an improvement of the reaction to fire of our copolymer, especially in the case of EO-containing samples. The second part of the work was devoted to the study of the flame retardant properties of our materials provided by ammonium polyphosphate (APP) with or without zinc borate (ZB) (synergistic agent)). In all cases recycled and polluted materials show satisfying performances. It was found that the efficiency of the protective barrier provided by the char is governed by the rapidity of its formation and its thermal conductivity which are positively influenced by EO (with APP/ZB) and recycling (with APP) (increase of the formation rate and decrease of the conductivity). Chemical characterization of the structures formed in a fire scenario reveals the formation of a phosphocarboneous structure containing polyaromatics, pyrophosphates and phosphoric acid and when zinc borate is used, borophosphates which can reinforce the intumescent structure
Cabrera, Alvino Géraldine. "Eco-design and processing of recycled multilayer/multiphase polymer materials : Structure-properties-process relationship." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI076.
Full textIn the context of a circular economy, the first works of the thesis were devoted to the study of the processing ability of recycled flexible films from agricultural bale wrapping film's waste. These multilayer films initially contain an additive that gives the final product a sticky character. During recycling, this additive is still present and migrates to the surface. A particular emphasis has been placed on understanding and studying the migration mechanisms of this additive according to the molecular architecture of the polyethylenes used with different branching content. Model blends, with or without mineral fillers, were prepared for this purpose. In addition to morphological and microstructural studies, original experimental methodologies have been set up to study the migration/diffusion kinetics with tribo-rheometry and film surface's "tack" monitoring devices. As for the rheological behaviour in shear and elongation, it is influenced by the presence of this additive. The second part of this study was devoted to understanding the realities of the recycling activity of other polypropylene- and polyethylene-based multilayer films. Given the complexity of these materials, we chose to study equivalent model blends by combining them with physical compatibilizers. The influence of the latter on the rheological, morphological and mechanical properties was then evaluated. This study was then transposed to postconsumption multiphase systems. The last studies were devoted to a future-oriented approach. This involves going from eco-design to the development of easily recyclable multimicro/ nanolayers. The originality of this study consists in limiting the number of constituents, reducing/controlling the thickness of the layers and avoiding the use of tie-layers. Finally, their rheological, morphological and mechanical properties have been evaluated according to number and type of mechanical recycling cycles
De, Souza Rios Alexandre. "Mechanical behavior of recycled polypropylene reinforced by coconut fibers using X-ray tomography and digital image correlation." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLN023/document.
Full textThe objective of this work is to characterize the mechanical behavior of composites made with recycled polymeric matrices reinforced with natural fibers. The materials studied in this thesis are the polypropylene matrix and the coconut fibers for reinforcement. The morphological and mechanical characterization of these materials is undertaken with the use of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray tomography, the digital image correlation and infrared thermography.In the first part, we studied in detail the coconut fibers in three different states: in its natural state and after chemical treatment followed or not drying. The fibers were observed in tomography and their essential characteristics defined. Furthermore in situ mechanical testing in a scanning electron microscope were conducted to obtain their mechanical properties. It has almost been carried out the mechanical characterization fabrics of the behavior for use in a composite. In a second part, the mechanical behavior of polypropylene (virgin or recycled state) was analyzed by tensile testing at imposed displacement and various charging speeds. These tests were instrumented for measurement of displacement fields and temperatures, the first to measure the deformation conditions, the progression of the damage and observe the failure modes of the material. The effect of recycling is particularly pointed out and degradation of mechanical properties. Complete specifications (elasticity, peak and shelf and damage) and the effect of speed on them are exhibited for both states. In the last part of the work, it was interested in the behavior of the composite matrix considering the blank state or in the recycled state. The characteristics obtained are discussed emphasizing the influence of the method of production used and the contribution of coconut fibers
Ramezani, Kakroodi Adel. "Production and characterization of thermoplastic elastomers based on recycled rubber." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30327/30327.pdf.
Full textThis Ph.D. work is devoted to the production and characterization of polymer compounds based on thermoplastic matrix filled with waste rubber powder. The main applications include: (A) the production of thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) resins containing high ground tire rubber (GTR) contents (50% and higher), and (B) impact modification of thermoplastic composites using low concentrations of GTR. In the first part of the work, maleated polyethylene (MAPE) is proposed as a matrix to produce MAPE/GTR blends having excellent characteristics as thermoplastic elastomers. Then, the effects of different degradation mechanisms (weathering, thermal degradation and reprocessing) on the properties of MAPE/GTR compounds were extensively investigated to determine their potential for further recycling. Finally, the reinforcement of GTR filled TPE was investigated using different types of solid particles (wood flour and talc) for more demanding applications (mechanical characteristics). In the second part of the work, a new approach is proposed for impact modification of polypropylene based composites based on organic (hemp) and inorganic (talc and glass) reinforcements. The effective improvement of the impact properties of these composites is performed through the addition of a masterbatch based on maleated polypropylene (MAPP)/waste rubber powder (GTR or waste EPDM) containing high concentrations (70% by weight) of waste rubber.
Garcia, Contreras Antonio. "Foodyplast, des emballages plastiques alimentaires avec des additifs naturels et recyclables." Thesis, Perpignan, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PERP0020/document.
Full textPlastics have now invaded our daily lives. They are the symbol of the consumer society, because they are considered a non-noble material: consumers equate it with a disposable product after use. Since plastics are not degradable, they represent a real danger to the environment, fauna and flora.The objective of this thesis work was to develop in collaboration with the Institute of Analytical Sciences and Physico-Chemistry for Environment and Materials (Pau University) new formulations with natural additives to produce resistant and recyclable plastics. Two types of resins were used: isotactic polypropylene (i-PP) and low density polyethylene (LDPE). Natural antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol and flaxseed oil were tested and encapsulated to improve their resistance to degradation. Thermal and rheological characterizations of resins have shown superior qualities to current commercial resins. We were able to demonstrate that the plastics obtained could be recycled 9 times without losing their characteristics. Tests with trays made with the developed products are underway to validate the developed models
Kozderka, Michal. "Parametric LCA approaches for efficient design." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAD050/document.
Full textThis work addresses the different issues that put a brake to using Lifecycle assessment (LCA) in product design by answering the main question of the research: How to make Lifecycle assessment faster and easier accessible for manufactured product design? In the LCA methodology we have identified two issues to deal with and their consecutive scientific locks : • Research of missing data : How to organize missing data? How to respect quantitative and qualitative dimensions? • Modeling of the lifecycle scenario : How to translate methodological choices into the lifecycle scenario model? How to transform the reference scenario into a new one? We have dealt with these issues using the scientific approach Case study according toRobert Yin. Our contributions are based on three case studies, between which the most important is study of High Impact Polypropylene recycling in the automotive industry. We have published it in the Journal of Cleaner Production. As result of our research we present two methods to improve efficiency of the LifecycleInventory Analysis (LCI) : To organize the missing data: Preliminary sensitivity analysis with LCA Poka-Yoke ; To help with scenario modeling: Method of workflows factorization, based on Reverse engineering. For further research we propose eight perspectives, mostly based on integration of our methods into Product Category Rules (PCR)-based platforms like EPD International or the European PEF
Hou, Hung-Yu, and 侯宏諭. "A Study on the Properties of Repeated Recycle Polypropylene." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53390767003291733281.
Full text國立高雄第一科技大學
環境與安全衛生工程所
98
Plastic products all have material marks currently. This study expects to increase the marks of recycle times, further to establish a set of recycling standard for understanding the property changes of the materials after recycling and the suitable purpose of each recycle. This study takes polypropylene as the study case, using UV weathering test machine to simulate the sunlight, recycling materials for processing by 5 times, exploring by the use of tensile, impact and thermal instruments. then observing the surface characteristic and crystallization change by SEM and XRD. The research result finds that after being processed and irradiated by ultraviolet by five times, the thermal property (Tm and MI) and mechanical property (tensile and impact strength) of PP decrease correspondingly. With the observation by SEM and XRD, the crystal structure of PP is found to have trend of loosing. With the increases of processing times and UV irradiation times, the change trend of each properties of PP can be expressed by linear equation, quadratic equation and exponential regression equation, r2 values up to 0.9, which shows that series research together with curve extrapolation method can be applied to the marks of materials recycling times in the future, knowing the used time and recycled times of the plastic material.
Kuo, Yao-Sheng, and 郭耀升. "Using Deduced Pyrolysis Models to Study the Repeated Recycle Polypropylene." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49171718052699867766.
Full text國立高雄第一科技大學
環境與安全衛生工程所
98
This research it’s purpose is to discuss in the mode of pyrolysis the change of pyrolysis of polypropylene after several times of recycling, with theoretical methods to analyze and study the effect of frequency of recycling on the parameters of pyrolysis of polypropylene. Using methods as Friedman method, Freeman method, Ozawa method and others to obtain kinetics model simulation and compare the difference between them all with an end of knowing it’s fitness in this study. Polypropylene is used as experimental material, which is put under the environment of simulation to the real variation of climate and sunshine with the help of UV weathering test machine, and then recycle it. We use TGA in three different heating rates of 5K/min, 10k/min and 15k/min analyzing in nitrogen gas. The result will go through these three methods: Friedman Method, Freeman-Carroll Method, Ozawa Method to get the reaction rate of every condition. Then we put the parameter that we get from the three methods into Arrhenius Model to get the reaction rate and compare with TGA for experiment value. The result shown that the calculated and experiment value of five samples PPnew、PPr1、PPr2、PPr3、PPr5 through Friedman Method , Freeman Method, Ozawa Method these three methods in three different heating rates of 5K/min, 10K/min and 15K/min all have R2 greater than 0.9 , they all fit well in this study. We could know that activity energy decreased when exposing to UV and more reused-times through Broken-recovery.