Journal articles: 'Polypropylène – Recyclage'

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Bahlouli, Nadia, Cécile rogueda-Berriet, Jacques Guillet, and Claude Raveyre. "Propriétés rhéologiques et mécaniques des composites à matrice polypropylène pour l'automobile. Effets couplés de la pollution et du recyclage." Revue des composites et des matériaux avancés 20, no. 3 (December 31, 2010): 373–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/rcma.20.373-390.

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Takenaka, Nozomi, Aya Tominaga, Hiroshi Sekiguchi, Ryoko Nakano, Eiichi Takatori, and Shigeru Yao. "Creation of Advanced Recycle Process to Waste Container and Packaging Plastic — Polypropylene Sorted Recycle Plastic Case —." Nihon Reoroji Gakkaishi 45, no. 3 (2017): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1678/rheology.45.139.

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Rohden, Abrahão Bernardo, Jessica Regina Camilo, Rafaela Cristina Amaral, Estela Oliari Garcez, and Mônica Regina Garcez. "Effects of Plastic Waste on the Heat-Induced Spalling Performance and Mechanical Properties of High Strength Concrete." Materials 13, no. 15 (July 23, 2020): 3262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13153262.

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This paper investigates a potential application of hard-to-recycle plastic waste as polymeric addition in high strength concrete, with a focus on the potential to mitigate heat-induced concrete spalling and the consequent effects on the mechanical properties. The waste corresponds to soft and hard plastic, including household polymers vastly disposed of in landfills, although technically recyclable. Mechanical and physical properties, cracking, mass loss, and the occurrence of spalling were assessed in high strength concrete samples produced with either plastic waste or polypropylene fibers after 2-h exposure to 600 °C. The analysis was supported by Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Computed Tomography images. The plastic waste is composed of different polymers with a thermal degradation between 250 to 500 °C. Polypropylene (PP) fibers and plastic waste dispersed in concrete have proved to play an essential role in mitigating heat-induced concrete spalling, contributing to the release of internal pressure after the polymer melting. The different morphology of plastic waste and polypropylene fibers leads to distinct mechanisms of action. While the vapor pressure dissipation network originated by polypropylene fibers is related to the formation of continuous channels, the plastic waste seems to cause discontinuous reservoirs and fewer damages into the concrete matrix. The incorporation of plastic waste improved heat-induced concrete spalling performance. While 6 kg/m3 of plastic increased the mechanical performance after exposure to high temperature, the incorporation of 3 kg/m3 resulted in mechanical properties comparable to the reference concrete.

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Abraham, Thomas N., K. E. George, and Ton Peijs. "Recyclable PP/Polyamide Composite." Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology 21, no. 1 (February 2005): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147776060502100105.

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A commercial grade of polypropylene matrix reinforced with waste polyamide (nylon 6) fibres of two diameters at levels up to 40wt% (100 polypropylene + 40 polyamide) was studied. Smaller diameter fibres showed better mechanical properties than larger diameter ones. Attempts were made to improve the interfacial adhesion between the fibres and the matrix by grafting with maleic anhydride and with also styrene maleic anhydride. The mechanical properties showed significant improvements as a result of these modifications. Thermal stability was also marginally improved. These composites could be easily recycled by processing them above the melting point of the reinforcing fibres.

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Kansara, Ankit M., Sanjay G. Chaudhri, and Puyam S. Singh. "A facile one-step preparation method of recyclable superhydrophobic polypropylene membrane for oil–water separation." RSC Advances 6, no. 66 (2016): 61129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra11008h.

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Bream, C. E., and P. R. Hornsby. "Structure development in thermoset recyclate-filled polypropylene composites." Polymer Composites 21, no. 3 (June 2000): 417–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.10199.

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Sobczak, L., A. Limper, H. Keuter, K. Fischer, and A. Haider. "Polypropylene-cellulose Innovative Compounding Technology." Polymers from Renewable Resources 3, no. 1 (February 2012): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/204124791200300103.

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Lightweight construction and recyclability are essential factors when it comes to meeting environmental targets. Natural fibre-reinforced composites (NFCs) have an important role to play here. The density of natural fibre materials is up to 50% lower than that of the reinforcing fibres traditionally used for plastics, such as glass fibres, and as well as being fully recyclable the composites offer 100% thermal energy recovery.

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Scholten, Andrea, Niklas Plogmann, and Dieter Meiners. "Use of Recycled Waste Paper as Fiber Reinforcement for Polypropylene - Examination of Mechanical Properties in Comparison to NFRP." Key Engineering Materials 742 (July 2017): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.742.25.

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During recycling of waste paper from private households different fractions containing plastics and polluted paper fibers are received. Those polluted fibers cannot be recycled in the common paper manufacturing process or for energy recovery like in waste incinerating plants due t o economic reasons. Current research at the Institute of Polymer Materials and Plastics Engineering at Clausthal University of Technology evaluated the use of this waste paper recyclate as a substitution for natural fibers as fillers and reinforcements in polypropylene. Special attention was given to the mechanical properties of the composites. Additionally the influence of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) as an adhesive was investigated.

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Chen, Tianran, Dana Kazerooni, Lin Ju, David A. Okonski, and Donald G. Baird. "Development of Recyclable and High-Performance In Situ Hybrid TLCP/Glass Fiber Composites." Journal of Composites Science 4, no. 3 (August 24, 2020): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs4030125.

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By combining the concepts of in situ thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (TLCP) composites and conventional fiber composites, a recyclable and high-performance in situ hybrid polypropylene-based composite was successfully developed. The recycled hybrid composite was prepared by injection molding and grinding processes. Rheological and thermal analyses were utilized to optimize the processing temperature of the injection molding process to reduce the melt viscosity and minimize the degradation of polypropylene. The ideal temperature for blending the hybrid composite was found to be 305 °C. The influence of mechanical recycling on the different combinations of TLCP and glass fiber composites was analyzed. When the weight fraction ratio of TLCP to glass fiber was 2 to 1, the hybrid composite exhibited better processability, improved tensile performance, lower mechanical anisotropy, and greater recyclability compared to the polypropylene reinforced by either glass fiber or TLCP alone.

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Sonwane, Rajiv, Pushpendra Kumar Kushwaha, and Jiji M. Thomas. "Study of the Compressive Strength of Concrete Using Marble, Granite and Recycled Aggregates with Polypropylene Fiber." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJOSCIENCE 5, no. 6 (December 12, 2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijo-science.v5i6.242.

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Marble Industry produces large amount of waste during mining and processing stages. This waste is dumped on to open land which creates a lot of environmental problems We get recycle aggregate from the old dumped structures and buildings. The main objective of this study was utilization of marble, granite and recycled aggregate waste with polypropylene fiber as a replacement for conventional natural coarse aggregates in concrete. Experimental investigations were carried out to examine the feasibility of use of marble, granite and recycled aggregates waste as coarse aggregates in concrete. Conventional natural coarse aggregates was fully replacement by marble in different percentages 0-60% , granite 0-30% and recycle aggregates 0-40% with polypropylene fiber less than 1% by weight. The concrete formulations were prepared with a constant water.

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Sonwane, Rajiv, Pushpendra Kumar Kushwaha, and Jiji M. Thomas. "Study of the Compressive Strength of Concrete Using Marble, Granite and Recycled Aggregates with Polypropylene Fiber." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJOSCIENCE 5, no. 12 (December 12, 2019): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijoscience.v5i6.242.

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Marble Industry produces large amount of waste during mining and processing stages. This waste is dumped on to open land which creates a lot of environmental problems We get recycle aggregate from the old dumped structures and buildings. The main objective of this study was utilization of marble, granite and recycled aggregate waste with polypropylene fiber as a replacement for conventional natural coarse aggregates in concrete. Experimental investigations were carried out to examine the feasibility of use of marble, granite and recycled aggregates waste as coarse aggregates in concrete. Conventional natural coarse aggregates was fully replacement by marble in different percentages 0-60% , granite 0-30% and recycle aggregates 0-40% with polypropylene fiber less than 1% by weight. The concrete formulations were prepared with a constant water.

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Sonwane, Rajiv, Pushpendra Kumar Kushwaha, and Jiji M. Thomas. "Study of the Compressive Strength of Concrete Using Marble, Granite and Recycled Aggregates with Polypropylene Fiber." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJOSCIENCE 5, no. 12 (December 12, 2019): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijoscience.v5i12.242.

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Marble Industry produces large amount of waste during mining and processing stages. This waste is dumped on to open land which creates a lot of environmental problems We get recycle aggregate from the old dumped structures and buildings. The main objective of this study was utilization of marble, granite and recycled aggregate waste with polypropylene fiber as a replacement for conventional natural coarse aggregates in concrete. Experimental investigations were carried out to examine the feasibility of use of marble, granite and recycled aggregates waste as coarse aggregates in concrete. Conventional natural coarse aggregates was fully replacement by marble in different percentages 0-60% , granite 0-30% and recycle aggregates 0-40% with polypropylene fiber less than 1% by weight. The concrete formulations were prepared with a constant water.

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JOLLY, MARC, and KRISHNAN JAYARAMAN. "MANUFACTURING FLAX FIBRE-REINFORCED POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES BY HOT-PRESSING." International Journal of Modern Physics B 20, no. 25n27 (October 30, 2006): 4601–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979206041756.

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The renewable characteristic of natural fibres, such as flax, and the recyclable nature of thermoplastic polymers, such as polypropylene, provide an attractive eco-friendly quality to the resulting composite materials. Common methods for manufacturing natural fibre-reinforced thermoplastic composites, injection moulding and extrusion, tend to degrade the fibres during processing. Development of a simple manufacturing technique for these composites, that minimises fibre degradation, is the main objective of this study. Flax fibres were conditioned, cut into lengths ranging from 1 mm to 30 mm with scissors and a pelletiser, and shaped into randomly oriented mats using a drop feed tower. Polypropylene in sheet form, was added to the fibres to furnish polypropylene/flax/polypropylene sandwiches with a fibre mass fraction of 25%, which were then consolidated by the hot pressing technique. Tensile, flexural and impact properties of these composite sheets were determined as functions of fibre length and processing temperature.

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KUCIEL, STANISLAW, ANETA LIBER-KNEC, and STANISLAW ZAJCHOWSKI. "Composites based on polypropylene recyclates and natural fibers." Polimery 55 (October 2010): 718–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2010.718.

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Ismail, H., and Suryadiansyah. "Thermoplastic elastomers based on polypropylene/natural rubber and polypropylene/recycle rubber blends." Polymer Testing 21, no. 4 (2002): 389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0142-9418(01)00101-5.

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Männle, Ferdinand, Jens Kjær Jørgensen, and Bjørn Steinar Tanem. "Increased Performance of Thermoplastic Packaging Materials by Using a Mild Oxidizing Biobased Additive." International Journal of Polymer Science 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/297923.

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Green additives such as prodegradants based on natural fatty acids and iron can improve the environmental profile of thermoplastic packaging materials. We present two studies in which this is demonstrated. In the first study, the addition of a green prodegradant to a 5-layer gas barrier laminate during processing provided a laminate with significantly reduced oxygen transmission due to the resulting oxygen-consuming degradation process. The result shows that material reduction and cost efficiency of packaging laminates can be combined, since 5-layer laminates with reduced oxygen barrier layer thickness and retained gas barrier properties are feasible. The products are interesting from an ecological and economic aspect. In the second study, the addition of a green prodegradant to several qualities of polypropylene that are used in packaging applications leads to materials that are readily degraded in accelerated weathering. The molecular weight of the modified polypropylenes after 830 hours of accelerated weathering is reduced from typically 80.000 g/mole to 1.500–2.500 g/mole. At such molecular weight levels, digestion by microorganisms is feasible. The mild prodegradant used in the study does not lead to degradation during processing. Thermoplastics containing such additives are therefore fully recyclable provided that they have not been exposed to a long period of weathering.

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Trejbal, Jan, Václav Nežerka, Radim Hlůžek, and Zdeněk Prošek. "MECHANICAL PROPERTIES IMPROVEMENT OF FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 22 (July 25, 2019): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2019.22.0123.

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Fiber reinforced concrete mechanical properties are limited due to low adhesion between polymer fibers and cement matrix. To ensure a strong interaction between the two materials, polypropylene fibers (d = 0.305mm) were modified by an oxygen plasma treatment. The interface interaction was moreover activated using finely ground concrete recyclate, whose individual grains (1−64 μm) ensure an adhesion improvement in interfacial zones. The adhesion enhancement was verified by pull-out tests, when reference and modified fibers were pulled-out from cement matrix specimens. Such obtained results were used as a crucial parameter to numerical simulations of bending tests of specimens (550 × 150 × 150mm) with properties following fiber reinforced concrete. It was shown that samples reinforced with modified fibers and contained activating recyclate reached on higher residual bending strength then those with reference fibers.

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Alawar, Ahmad, Ahmed M. Hamed, and Khalifa Al-Kaabi. "Date Palm Tree Fiber as Polymeric Matrix Reinforcement, DPF-Polypropylene Composite Characterization." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.193.

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Recently, the interest has increased to recycle things after use. In addition, the pressure of the environment defence organizations has increased in the same direction. Accordingly, the composite industry has begun investigating the possibility of increasing the proportion of recycled or biodegradable composites. This leaded to search about environment eco-friendly reinforcement and resins systems while providing the same performance as their man made counterparts. Natural fibers offer the possibility to play the role of the reinforcing material. In this study, we mix the 25% untreated date palm tree fibers with 75% polypropylene using double screw extruder. Comparison between plane polypropylene and 25 % raw date palm fiber was done. Tensile test and water absorption test were done upon plain polypropylene and 25% raw date palm fiber specimens. Tensile strength of reinforced polypropylene was about 20% lower than plain polypropylene. In the other hand, modulus of elasticity of composite showed an increase of about 30% compared to plane polypropylene. Water absorption was less sound in deterioration of the composite.

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Cestari, Sibele Piedade, Peter Martin, Paul Hanna, Mark Kearns, and Luis Claudio Mendes. "Rotational-Moulded Building Blocks for the Circular Economy." Materials Science Forum 1042 (August 10, 2021): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1042.17.

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Throughout the combination of unique approaches on innovative polymer composites and rotational moulding plastics processing technique, we developed a building block using a mix of recycled and virgin plastic. This block was a technical case study from a multidisciplinary approach - comprising materials science, polymers processing and design - to reinsert recycled plastics in the Circular Economy. The aim was to produce a three-dimensional interlockable block, combining unique design and unconventional materials to create an emblematic building element. We investigated the composition and availability of local plastic waste, as well as other waste-stream materials – concrete waste, red mud, hemp fibre, sugarcane bagasse. We prepared a range of composites and blends to test their prospective aspect and processability. To simulate the end-result of a rotationally-moulded part, we prepared samples of the blends in an oven. The thermal analysis showed that all materials were thermally stable at the processing temperature of the virgin polymer in rotomoulding, around 200 °C. There were an evident LLDPE continuous-phase and a recyclate dispersed-phase. We also explored the aesthetic effect of scattering particles of colour in the mixes. The impact test showed better results for the polyethylene-based recyclates if compared to polypropylene and poly (ethylene terephthalate) ones. We concluded that waste materials could be revalued into something practical and reproducible, produced by rotational moulding plastics processing. And we developed a viable and innovative potential product for the Circular Economy, requiring minimal fixing and no further external finishing.

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Cabrera, N. O., B. Alcock, E. T. J. Klompen, and T. Peijs. "Filament Winding of Co-Extruded Polypropylene Tapes for Fully Recyclable All-Polypropylene Composite Products." Applied Composite Materials 15, no. 1 (January 2008): 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10443-008-9055-5.

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Gall, Markus, Paul J. Freudenthaler, Joerg Fischer, and Reinhold W. Lang. "Characterization of Composition and Structure–Property Relationships of Commercial Post-Consumer Polyethylene and Polypropylene Recyclates." Polymers 13, no. 10 (May 14, 2021): 1574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13101574.

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The current efforts in moving closer towards a circular plastics economy puts massive pressure on recycled plastics, especially recycled polyethylene (rPE) and recycled polypropylene (rPP) to enter new markets. Their market penetration remained low so far, despite PE and PP constituting the largest share of plastic wastes. However, with the current imperative of more circularity comes a new focus on performance of recyclates. Hence, a detailed understanding of composition and structure–property relationships of post-consumer recyclates has to be developed. Five recycling companies from the Austrian and German markets were asked to supply their purest high-quality rPE and rPP grades. These were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and micro-imaging. Technological characterization included density measurements, determination of the melt flow rate (MFR), and Charpy impact testing. All recyclates contained diverse contaminants and inclusions ranging from legacy fillers like calcium carbonate to polymeric contaminants like polyamides or polyolefin cross-contamination. The overall amount, size, and distribution of contaminants varied significantly among suppliers. Furthermore, first structure–property relationships for polyolefin recyclates that link inorganic content and polymeric purity with density and impact performance could be derived.

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ALCOCK, B., N. CABRERA, N. BARKOULA, and T. PEIJS. "Low velocity impact performance of recyclable all-polypropylene composites." Composites Science and Technology 66, no. 11-12 (September 2006): 1724–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2005.11.010.

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Weager, Brendon M., G. R. Bishop, A. C. Black, N. Reynolds, M. W. Pharaoh, G. F. Smith, J. Rowe, D. E. Riley, M. Birrell, and P. Donaldson. "Development of recyclable self-reinforced polypropylene parts for automotive applications." International Journal of Vehicle Design 44, no. 3/4 (2007): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijvd.2007.013645.

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Alcock, B., N. O. Cabrera, N. M. Barkoula, J. Loos, and T. Peijs. "Interfacial properties of highly oriented coextruded polypropylene tapes for the creation of recyclable all-polypropylene composites." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 104, no. 1 (2007): 118–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.24588.

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Ismail, Hanafi, and Suryadiansyah. "PROPERTIES OF POLYPROPYLENE/NATURAL RUBBER/RECYCLE RUBBER POWDER BLENDS." Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering 41, no. 5 (January 11, 2002): 833–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ppt-120014391.

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Lagazzo, Alberto, Cristina Moliner, Barbara Bosio, Rodolfo Botter, and Elisabetta Arato. "Evaluation of the Mechanical and Thermal Properties Decay of PHBV/Sisal and PLA/Sisal Biocomposites at Different Recycle Steps." Polymers 11, no. 9 (September 10, 2019): 1477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11091477.

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The recyclability of polylactide acid (PLA) and poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV)-based biocomposites (10%, 20% and 30% by weight of sisal natural fibre) was evaluated in this work. The mechanical and thermal properties were initially determined and were shown to be similar to commodity plastics, such as polyethylene or polypropylene. Three recycle steps were carried out and the mechanical and thermal properties of recycled samples were evaluated and compared to the reference samples. The tensile modulus increased for recycled PLA biocomposites, whereas it was hardly influenced by recycling the PHBV biocomposites. The tensile strength and deformation at the break decreased notably after the first cycle in all cases. Although all the biocomposites became more brittle with recycling, the properties were conserved along until the third cycle, proving their promising recyclability. From the data obtained from the dynamic mechanical analysis, a slight decrease of the storage modulus of PHBV was observed, whereas PLA showed a significant decay of its properties at the 3rd recyclate. The PLA specimens were filled with sisal fibres until they reached 20%wt, which seemed also less subject to the embrittlement occurring along the recycling phase. The characteristic temperatures (glass transition-Tg, crystallization-Tc, melting-Tm) of all the biocomposites were not highly affected by recycling. Only a slight decrease on the melting point of the recycled PHBV was observed suggesting an overall good reprocessability. Moreover, the processing conditions lied in the same range as the conventional plastics which would facilitate potential joint valorization techniques.

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Timsina, Sulove. "Investigation into mechanical properties to use recycled Polypropylene/Talc composites for car bumper application." Technical Journal 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tj.v1i1.27592.

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In today’s modern dynamic world, automobile industry has seen many revolutions and developments over couple of decades to improve the performance and efficiency. One of the major revolutions was to replace metallic components to high performance polymer composites to reduce total weight of automobiles. As a result we can find more than 50% use of polymer composite and other high performance materials in automobiles like passenger car. In addition to this, the present development is towards making low cost models in cars to make it available to middle class families. Many OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturers) are working for different cost cars for same model to sell across the globe based on the economic status of the countries. Also, unlike metals, which are easily recoverable and recyclable, plastic waste increase forces the government to legislate for the limitation of such waste by introducing the concept of recycling. As a result manufacturers are looking for use of virgin polymer (Polypropylene) along with some percentage of recycled one to reduce the total cost of manufacturing. The present recycling world uses used materials; reprocess them so that they can be used for further applications. This recycling business emphasizes on quantity rather on quality, so mechanical properties actually changes when product made out of Polypropylene are being recycled. The thing is to see how the mechanical strength changes when Polypropylene is recycled and what are the variations in mechanical properties when unused Polypropylene (PP) is mixed with some percentage of Recycled Polypropylene (RPP) along with some percentage of Impact Modifier and Filler material.

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Beckermann, G. W., K. L. Pickering, and N. J. Foreman. "Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of Injection Moulded Hemp Fibre Reinforced Polypropylene Composites." Advanced Materials Research 29-30 (November 2007): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.29-30.303.

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In recent years, industrial hemp fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites have attracted substantial interest as potential structural materials. These composites have been subject to intense study for use in lightweight, recyclable and low cost applications. The aim of this research was to improve and evaluate the composite tensile strength and fibre/matrix interfacial adhesion by means of fibre treatment and addition of a coupling agent. Hemp fibre was digested in a small pressure vessel with a solution of 5wt% NaOH / 2wt% Na2SO3. Single fibre tensile tests were performed on treated and untreated fibres, and it was found that the alkali treatment resulted in an increase in fibre strength and an improvement in fibre separation. Composites containing either treated or untreated fibre, polypropylene and a maleic anhydride modified polypropylene (MAPP) coupling agent were then compounded in a twin-screw extruder and injection moulded into tensile test specimens. Tensile tests revealed that significant improvements in composite strength were made by using treated fibre and MAPP. The effect of MAPP on the interface of treated hemp fibre/polypropylene composites was assessed by means of the single fibre fragmentation test, and the interfacial shear strength was determined thereafter.

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Krishnaveni, Chevvu. "Experimental Investigation of Using Recycled Plastic Aggregates in Concrete with OPC 53 Grade." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 8 (August 31, 2021): 2918–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37898.

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Abstract: Plastic pollution is one of the greatest causes of global warming. Disposal of large quantity of plastic waste products causes environmental & health issues .This report will discuss a solution to plastic pollution by conducting to recycle the plastic and reuse in concrete, so the waste plastic is recycled into plastic aggregates. This paper aims to enhance the concrete mechanical properties by replacement of natural coarse aggregate with recycled plastic aggregates and by adding polypropylene fibers in combination with high performance cement as a partial replacement of cement. This both combinations in concrete gave excellent values of compressive strength and tensile strength. Replacement of coarse aggregate weight by 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% of recycled plastics and for each replacement percentages polypropylene fibres of 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% with partial replacement of cement were conducted. In literature reported that the addition of recycled plastic causes the reduction of strength due to poor bonding between concrete and plastics, to overcome this problem the addition of polypropylene fibres which has a good bonding property will improve the concrete strength were added. Result shows that 15% replacement of natural aggregates with plastic aggregate achieves the maximum strength of concrete. Keywords: Re-cycled plastic aggregates, polypropylene fibres, high performance cement, compressive strength, split tensile strength.

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Zhang, Jie, Sha Li, and Xiao Ming Qian. "Processing Parameter Optimization of Flax Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composite." Advanced Materials Research 150-151 (October 2010): 1541–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.1541.

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Fiber reinforced composites have been an important way to utilize agriculture plant fibers. Flax fiber is plant fiber and strong, biodegradable, anti-fungi and bacterial. Flax fiber reinforced PP fiberboard is thermoplastic with the advantages of low density, low cost, low energy consumption, and recyclable. The influences of flax / PP fiber blending ratio, molding temperature, molding time on the mechanical properties of flax / PP board were carefully investigated. After mathematical manipulations and experimental validation, it was found that the thermoplastic composite board had maximum tensile and bending strengths when the flax fibers were at 50% of the total weight, the molding temperature was 181 ， and the molding time was 48 minutes.

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Momanyi, Job, Michael Herzog, and Peter Muchiri. "Analysis of Thermomechanical Properties of Selected Class of Recycled Thermoplastic Materials Based on Their Applications." Recycling 4, no. 3 (August 19, 2019): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling4030033.

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Polypropylene and polystyrene are petroleum-based thermoplastics which are commonly used and disposed of in the environment after their service life, leading to environmental degradation. There is a need to recycle polypropylene and polystyrene, but the effect of recycling on thermo-mechanical properties is not well understood. This study aims to determine thermo-mechanical properties of the recycled polypropylene and recycled polystyrene and compare them with corresponding virgin polypropylene and newly produced polystyrene (general purpose polystyrene 1540 and high impact polystyrene 7240). The study was carried out by preparing bar-shaped samples of recycled polypropylene, recycled polystyrene, general purpose polystyrene 1540, and high impact polystyrene 7240 by compression molding using a hot press and thermally characterizing them to determine glass transition temperature and melting temperature using differential scanning calorimetry. The changes in Young’s modulus, tensile strength, hardness, and toughness due to recycling activities were determined at room temperature (24 °C), 40 °C, 60 °C, and 80 °C. The thermo-mechanical properties of recycled polystyrene (PS) were found to be comparable to those of high impact polystyrene (HIPS) 7240. The study revealed that the hardness and toughness for the recycled polymers were higher than those of corresponding virgin polymers. On the other hand, tensile strength and Young’s modulus for the recycled polymers were lower than those of the virgin polymers. Understanding the thermo-mechanical properties of the recycled polymers will contribute to more industrial applications hence increase the rate of recycling, resulting in a reduction in environmental pollution.

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Magnago, Roberto de Oliveira, Daniella Regina Mulinari, Monique Pacheco do Amaral, Luciano Monteiro Rodrigues, and Claudinei dos Santos. "Preparation and Characterization of Composites Obtained of Polymeric Waste Coming from Boards Electronic Equipment." Materials Science Forum 869 (August 2016): 338–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.869.338.

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The objective of this work is to recycle the printed circuit boards of electronic equipment discarded and mix them with polypropylene (PP) to produce a new composite. Six types of mix of discarded printed circuit boards were analyzed: new boards with and without copper, used boards without components and with and without copper, used boards without components and without copper, used boards with copper track, used boards with copper track and burned and used boards with components. Boards were disintegrated and employed as reinforcement with polypropylene matrix (5% m/m). Specimens were produced for flexural and impact tests. Results showed that specimen’s properties depend on the mix composition. In all of the cases, pure PP properties were enhanced when it was replaced by 5% of waste materials discard.

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Huang, Xingyi, Yanyan Fan, Jun Zhang, and Pingkai Jiang. "Polypropylene based thermoplastic polymers for potential recyclable HVDC cable insulation applications." IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 24, no. 3 (June 2017): 1446–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tdei.2017.006230.

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Jung, Bich Nam, Hyun Wook Jung, DongHo Kang, Gi Hong Kim, and Jin Kie Shim. "Synergistic Effect of Cellulose Nanofiber and Nanoclay as Distributed Phase in a Polypropylene Based Nanocomposite System." Polymers 12, no. 10 (October 18, 2020): 2399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12102399.

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Since the plastic-based multilayer films applied to food packaging are not recyclable, it is necessary to develop easily recyclable single materials. Herein, polypropylene (PP)-based cellulose nanofiber (CNF)/nanoclay nanocomposites were prepared by melt-mixing using a fixed CNF content of 1 wt %, while the nanoclay content varied from 1 to 5 wt %. The optimum nanoclay content in the PP matrix was found to be 3 wt % (PCN3), while they exhibited synergistic effects as a nucleating agent. PCN3 exhibited the best mechanical properties, and the tensile and flexural moduli were improved by 51% and 26%, respectively, compared to PP. In addition, the oxygen permeability was reduced by 28%, while maintaining the excellent water vapor permeability of PP. The improvement in the mechanical and barrier properties of PP through the production of PP/CNF/nanoclay hybrid nanocomposites suggested their possible application in the field of food packaging.

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Weal, Stephanie, Sheree Anderson, Ross Anderson, Trevor Stuthridge, and Alan Fernyhough. "Environmentally Intelligent Biocomposites." Advanced Materials Research 29-30 (November 2007): 255–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.29-30.255.

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Composites made from wood residues and biomasses, together with either conventional polymers such as polypropylene (PP) and their recyclate streams or with the new emerging biopolymers such as polylactic acid (PLA), were compounded and injection moulded. Mechanical properties and biodegradation analyses were undertaken. The addition of wood flour/sander dust (SD) and wood fibres (WF), to the PP, with suitable compatibilizer, increased the flexural and tensile modulus and strength, indicating a good bond between the fibres and matrix. The tensile and flexural strengths were decreased with the addition of wood fillers, additives and biomasses to a PLA biopolymer blend. Such biomasses and additives increased the biodegradation of the PLA blend, and some control over biodegradation rates was achievable.

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Sonwane, Rajiv, Pushpendra Kumar Kushwaha, and Jiji M. Thomas. "Review on The Production Of Concrete By Using Waste Coarse Material." IJOSTHE 6, no. 6 (December 11, 2019): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ojssports.v6i6.111.

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Marble Industry produces large amount of waste during mining and processing stages. This waste is dumped on to open land which creates a lot of environmental problems. Similarly granite is also produced in the same manner in great amount. We get recycle aggregate from the old dumped structures and buildings. the main objective of this study was utilization of marble, granite and recycled aggregate waste with polypropylene fiber as a replacement for conventional natural coarse aggregates in concrete.

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Kajaste, R., and P. Oinas. "Plastics value chain - Abatement of greenhouse gas emissions." AIMS Environmental Science 8, no. 4 (2021): 371–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/environsci.2021024.

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<abstract> This study focuses on the possibilities to abate greenhouse gas emissions in the value chain of plastics with special emphasis on efficiency improvements in the virgin plastics production and to recycle or reuse/regenerate plastics from waste streams. The study is restricted to the plastics and their intermediates produced in annual quantities over 20 million tons (Mt) on global scale. The chemicals and polymers considered include intermediate feedstocks ammonia, methanol, ethene and propene, polyolefins polyethylene and polypropylene, and other included polymers are polyester, polyamide and acrylic fibres, polyvinylchloride, polyethylene terephthalate, polyurethane resin and polystyrene. Improved efficiency in the virgin plastic value chain has the potential to reduce global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 531 Mt CO2eq/y, provided that all of the current global production is upgraded to meet the European Union's best benchmarked facilities. These improvements would mean a 15.4% reduction of all global chemical sector emissions. The evaluation of probability for all global production facilities to reach the EU benchmarked values is excluded as unclear. Increasing the global recycling rate of plastics from the current 18% to 42% would reduce global greenhouse gas emissions by 142.3 Mt CO2eq /a, provided that the segregation of recyclable materials is improved, and that incineration is not increased. These downstream improvements would mean a 4% reduction of all global chemical sector emissions and reduce the accumulation of plastics not only on land but also in the oceans. </abstract>

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Dhar Malingam, Sivakumar, Muhammad Hilmi Ruzaini bin Hashim, Md Radzai bin Said, Ahmad Rivai, Mohd Ahadlin bin Daud, Sivaraos, and Muhammad Ammar bin Che Mahzan. "Effect of Reprocessing Palm Fiber Composite on the Mechanical Properties." Applied Mechanics and Materials 699 (November 2014): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.699.146.

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Concern for the environment, both in terms of limiting the use of finite resources and the need to manage waste disposal, has led to increasing pressure to recycle materials at the end of their useful life. This work describes the effects of reprocessing on the mechanical properties of oil palm fiber reinforced polypropylene composites (PFC). Composites, containing 30wt% fiber with 3wt% Maleate Polypropylene as a coupling agent, were reprocessed up to six times. For this composite, tensile strength (TS) and Young modulus (YM) were found to decrease by 9.6% and 4.7% after being reprocessed for six times. Flexural strength was found to decrease by 23.8% with increased number of reprocessing. The hardness numbers of the composite were found to increase by 7.43% from 72.10 to 77.89 after the sixth reprocessing. In general the degradation on the mechanical properties is considered to be small and PFC has potential to be reprocessed.

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Ouyang, Yingwei, Massimiliano Mauri, Amir Masoud Pourrahimi, Ida Östergren, Anja Lund, Thomas Gkourmpis, Oscar Prieto, Xiangdong Xu, Per-Ola Hagstrand, and Christian Müller. "Recyclable Polyethylene Insulation via Reactive Compounding with a Maleic Anhydride-Grafted Polypropylene." ACS Applied Polymer Materials 2, no. 6 (May 21, 2020): 2389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.0c00320.

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Meng, Pengfei, Yao Zhou, Chao Yuan, Qi Li, Jiping Liu, Haoming Wang, Jun Hu, and Jinliang He. "Comparisons of different polypropylene copolymers as potential recyclable HVDC cable insulation materials." IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 26, no. 3 (June 2019): 674–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tdei.2018.007435.

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Meng, Pengfei, Yao Zhou, Chao Yuan, Qi Li, Jiping Liu, Haoming Wang, Jun Hu, and Jinliang He. "Comparisons of different polypropylene copolymers as potential recyclable HVDC cable insulation materials." IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 26, no. 3 (June 2019): 674–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tdei.2019.8726011.

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Zhou, Yao, Bin Dang, Haoming Wang, Jiping Liu, Qi Li, Jun Hu, and Jinliang He. "Polypropylene-based ternary nanocomposites for recyclable high-voltage direct-current cable insulation." Composites Science and Technology 165 (September 2018): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2018.06.022.

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Pickering, K. L., Y. Li, R. L. Farrell, and M. Lay. "Interfacial Modification of Hemp Fiber Reinforced Composites Using Fungal and Alkali Treatment." Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 1, no. 1 (April 1, 2007): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2007.1984.

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Increasing worldwide environmental awareness is encouraging scientific research into developing cheaper, more sustainable materials. Industrial hemp fiber is one of the strongest and stiffest available natural fibers [K. L. Pickering, M. Priest, T. Watts, G. Beckermann, and S. N. Alam, J. Adv. Mater. 37, 15 (2005)] and therefore has great potential in composite materials. Incorporated into a thermoplastic matrix, it gives a structural material that is cheap, lightweight, and recyclable. However, natural fibers are commonly incompatible with common molding thermoplastics such as polypropylene, which limits the performance of the composites produced. The main objective of the current work was to investigate the use of fungi to treat hemp fiber to create better bonding characteristics in natural fiber reinforced polypropylene composites. X-ray diffraction (XRD), ζ-potential, lignin testing, thermal analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the effect of treatment on hemp fibers. A combined alkali and fungi treated fiber composite produced the highest tensile strength of 48.3 MPa, an increase of 32% compared to composites with untreated fiber.

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Arif, Samsul. "ALTERNATIF PENGGUNAAN PLASTIK POLYPROPYLENE PADA CAMPURAN ASPAL." Jurnal CIVILA 3, no. 1 (May 15, 2018): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.30736/cvl.v3i1.221.

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Asphalt is a thermoplastic material that will become harder or thicker if the temperature is reduced and will be soft or more liquid if the temperature increases. As developments in asphalt mixtures, several studies have developed the use of plastic waste in an effort to reduce plastic waste that is difficult to recycle. In this research used type of PP plastic (Polypropylene) as alternative of asphalt mixture. the results of the study showed the lowest stability value that is on the normal laston of 1136 kg, but the value still meets the specification of Bina Marga> 800kg. The lowest flow is on the normal laston of 3.62, the value still meets the provisions of Bina Marga > 3. The lowest Marshall Quotient value on the normal 307, is still meets the requirements of Bina Marga > 250. With the addition of PP plastic (Polypropylene) 2% and 4% showed better results than normal asphalt. Judging from the stability, flow and MQ values, they are better than the normal asphalt.

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Mayer, Edward, Alla Trofimova, Vasiliy Mashukov, and Alexey Pestryakov. "Assumed Mechanism of Polymeric Deposit Formation in Recycle Propylene Washing Column during Bulk Polymerization." Applied Mechanics and Materials 756 (April 2015): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.756.179.

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This study presents the results of polymeric deposit analysis from propylene washing column of «Spheripol» process polymerization unit using such methods as gel-permation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray phase analysis, IR and NMR13C-spectroscopy and analytical process control methods. For comparison the relative data for larger volume polypropylene grades have been presented as well. Based on the findings and available similar practice in a slurry process an assumed formation mechanism was proposed for the discussion.

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Ramli, Ros Azlinawati, Muhammad Syafiq Zulkifli, and Nurul Ekmi Rabat. "Effect of Graphite on Mechanical Thermal and Morphological Properties of Kenaf Recycle Polypropylene Wood Plastic Composites." Materials Science Forum 981 (March 2020): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.981.144.

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The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of incorporating graphite filler on mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of wood recycled plastic composites (WrPC). WrPC was prepared using recycled polypropylene (rPP), kenaf core, maleic anhydride polypropylene (MAPP) and graphite filler. The graphite content in WrPC is 3 phr. All materials were premixed manually and fed into a single screw extruder and compression molded to prepare mechanical test specimens. The effect of graphite on tensile properties, impact strength, glass transition temperature (Tg) and morphological properties of WrPC were studied. Tensile strength was increased from 6.81 MPa to 10.07 MPa due to stronger interfacial adhesion between graphite and kenaf/rPP. However, the tensile modulus decreased significantly with the incorporation of graphite. Impact strength of WrPC was increased from 2.48 kJ/m2 to 2.83 kJ/m2 due to the present of graphite that gave effective distribution of applied stress and increase resistance of crack propagation. DSC results indicated that Tg of graphite/WrPC is comparable to WPC at 163°C. The internal structure of WrPC showed the addition of graphite had filled the voids and lead to smooth morphology.

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Shi, Xian-Lei, Huixiao Yang, Minli Tao, and Wenqin Zhang. "Sulfonic acid-functionalized polypropylene fiber: highly efficient and recyclable heterogeneous Brønsted acid catalyst." RSC Advances 3, no. 12 (2013): 3939. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ra23187a.

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Zhou, Yao, Jinliang He, Jun Hu, Xingyi Huang, and Pingkai Jiang. "Evaluation of polypropylene/polyolefin elastomer blends for potential recyclable HVDC cable insulation applications." IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 22, no. 2 (April 2015): 673–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tdei.2015.7076762.

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Diao, Jinchao, Xingyi Huang, Qingchao Jia, Fei Liu, and Pingkai Jiang. "Thermoplastic isotactic polypropylene/ethylene-octene polyolefin copolymer nanocomposite for recyclable HVDC cable insulation." IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 24, no. 3 (June 2017): 1416–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tdei.2017.006208.

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Stocchi, A., V. Pettarin, A. Izer, T. Bárány, T. Czigány, and C. Bernal. "Fracture Behavior of Recyclable All-Polypropylene Composites Composed of α- and β-Modifications." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 24, no. 6 (June 15, 2011): 805–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705711401850.

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The fracture behavior of all-PP composites was studied under quasi-static loading conditions. Fracture toughness was evaluated by means of different fracture mechanics approaches depending on materials’ behavior. Composites consolidated at low temperature exhibited pop-in features and the failure occurs typically by delamination and tape stretching and fracture. With increasing consolidation quality – i.e., with increasing processing temperature – the delamination became less pronounced, and so the tape stretching occurred, before the specimens break. In composites consolidated at the highest temperature investigated (190°C), the laminate-like structure typical of self-reinforced composites produced according to film-stacking method was lost. Accordingly, composites behave as if they were only α-PP and β-PP matrices: α-rPP exhibited typical brittle fracture of α-PP, while β-rPP exhibited the stable behavior with fully yielded ligament before crack propagation commonly observed for β-PP. In general, stress–strain behavior changed from stable to unstable and fracture toughness strongly decreased as consolidation quality increased. Based on these results and previous findings, it can be concluded that the properties of self-reinforced PP composites can be tailored for a given application through the quality of consolidation.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Polypropylène – Recyclage'

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